?絕密★啟用前
2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)
英　語(yǔ)
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。
2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上,寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。
3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分　聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15.　　 B.￡9.18.　　　C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does this conversation take place?
A.In a classroom.
B.In a hospital.
C.In a museum.
2.What does Jack want to do?
A.Take fitness classes.
B.Buy a pair of gym shoes.
C.Change his work schedule.
3.What are the speakers talking about?
A.What to drink.
B.Where to meet.
C.When to leave.
4.What is the relationship between the speakers?
A.Colleagues. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.
5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?
A.She might want a ticket.
B.She is looking for the man.
C.She has an extra ticket.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6.How long did James run his business?
A.10 years. B.13 years. C.15 years.
7.How does the woman feel about James’ situation?
A.Embarrassed.
B.Concerned.
C.Disappointed.
聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至10題。
8.What has Kate’s mother decided to do?
A.Return to school.
B.Change her job.
C.Retire from work.
9.What did Kate’s mother study at college?
A.Oil painting.
B.Art history.
C.Business administration.
10.What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision?
A.Disapproving.
B.Ambiguous.
C.Understanding.
聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。
11.What is the man doing?
A.Chairing a meeting.
B.Hosting a radio program.
C.Conducting a job interview.
12.What benefits Mary most in her job?
A.Her wide reading.
B.Her leaders’ guidance.
C.Her friends’ help.
13.Who will Mary talk about next?
A.Her teacher. B.Her father. C.Her mother.
聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第14至17題。
14.Why does the man seldom do exercise?
A.He lacks motivation.
B.He has a heart problem.
C.He works all the time.
15.What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?
A.He’s an athlete.
B.He’s a researcher.
C.He’s a journalist.
16.Why does the woman speak of a study?
A.To encourage the man.
B.To recommend an exercise.
C.To support her findings.
17.How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?
A.300 minutes. B.150 minutes. C.75 minutes.
聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第18至20題。
18.What did the scientists do to the road?
A.They repaired it.
B.They painted it.
C.They blocked it.
19.Why are young birds drawn to the road surface?
A.It’s warm. B.It’s brown. C.It’s smooth.
20.What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment?
A.To keep the birds there for a whole year.
B.To help students study the birds well.
C.To prevent the birds from being killed.
答案1.B　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.C　7.B　8.A
9.C　10.C　11.B　12.A　13.C　14.A　15.B　16.A　17.C　18.B　19.A　20.C
第二部分　閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分30分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ,A)
NeedaJobThisSummer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round.
JobsforYouth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合條件) for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社區(qū)).
SummerCompany
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall.
StewardshipYouthRangerProgram
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)為青年人提供夏季就業(yè)崗位的項(xiàng)目及申請(qǐng)條件等。
21.What is special about Summer Company?
　　　　　　　　　
A.It requires no training before employment.
B.It provides awards for running new businesses.
C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
答案B
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SummerCompany部分第一句“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.”可知,SummerCompany的特別之處在于它為創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供獎(jiǎng)金。故選B項(xiàng)。
22.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15-18. B.15-24.
C.15-29. D.16-17.
答案D
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分第二句“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知,StewardshipYouthRangerProgram需要年齡在16至17歲之間。故選D項(xiàng)。
23.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
答案D
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分最后一句“Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.”可知,SummerEmploymentOpportunities這一項(xiàng)目對(duì)殘疾人有利。故選D項(xiàng)。

B
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ,B)
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,‘I don’t know,but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,” Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了紐約州帕奇格的迦南小學(xué)二年級(jí)教師ThomasWhaley在班里開(kāi)展“總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選演講”項(xiàng)目,以幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立自信。
24.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story.
B.Making a speech.
C.Taking a test.
D.Answering a question.
答案B
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段及第二段第一句“Buthe’snervous.”可知,盡管Chris是班上愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的人,但在全班同學(xué)面前公開(kāi)演講他還是感到緊張。故選B項(xiàng)。
25.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Improper pauses. B.Bad manners.
C.Spelling mistakes. D.Silly jokes.
答案A
解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“‘...Votefor...me...’Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.”可知,除了演講過(guò)程中的一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD(Improperpauses)之外,Chris還是完成得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。故選A項(xiàng)。
26.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to 　　　.?
A.help students see their own strengths
B.assess students’ public speaking skills
C.prepare students for their future jobs
D.inspire students’ love for politics
答案A
解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段及第六段中的“...isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”可以推知,Whaley之所以在班里開(kāi)展“總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選演講”項(xiàng)目,目的是幫助學(xué)生看到自己的長(zhǎng)處,找到自信。故選A項(xiàng)。
27.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A.Humorous. B.Ambitious.
C.Caring. D.Demanding.
答案C
解析推理判斷題。縱觀全文,尤其是第二段中的“Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.”可以看出,Chris演講時(shí),Whaley在身旁默默地鼓勵(lì)他;當(dāng)初學(xué)語(yǔ)言時(shí),Whaley允許學(xué)生犯錯(cuò),讓學(xué)生有勇氣面對(duì)自身的不足之處,且渴望去探索,并鼓勵(lì)走進(jìn)教室的不自信的學(xué)生們夸贊自己的好品質(zhì)。由此推知,作為教師,Whaley對(duì)于學(xué)生關(guān)懷備至(Caring)。故選C項(xiàng)。

C
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ,C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物測(cè)量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置) that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine people’s identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了佐治亞理工學(xué)院的研究者們新開(kāi)發(fā)了一種鍵盤(pán),它能根據(jù)用戶(hù)打字模式準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別出使用者。
28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
答案D
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段描述及第二段第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.”可知,研究者研發(fā)了智能鍵盤(pán)是為了降低電子空間保護(hù)的成本。故選D項(xiàng)。
29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
答案C
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities...”可知,正是由于每個(gè)用戶(hù)都有自己獨(dú)特的擊打鍵盤(pán)的模式,才使得研發(fā)智能鍵盤(pán)用以識(shí)別用戶(hù)身份成為可能。故選C項(xiàng)。
30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It’ll be environment-friendly.
B.It’ll reach consumers soon.
C.It’ll be made of plastics.
D.It’ll help speed up typing.
答案B
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知,研究者們希望這種智能鍵盤(pán)在不久的將來(lái)能夠面世,供消費(fèi)者使用。故選B項(xiàng)。
31.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook.
C.A novel. D.A magazine.
答案D
解析文章出處題。通讀全文可知,作者客觀介紹了佐治亞理工學(xué)院的研究者們新開(kāi)發(fā)了一種鍵盤(pán),它能根據(jù)用戶(hù)打字模式準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別出使用者。鍵盤(pán)使用常見(jiàn)的廉價(jià)材料,因此在成本和耐用性上都有很強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,有望不久可以投入市場(chǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。

D
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ,D)
During the rosy years of elementary school(小學(xué)),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are “most likely to engage(從事) in dangerous and risky behavior”.
In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(調(diào)查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing,kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了贏得歡迎度的兩種類(lèi)型及這兩種類(lèi)型對(duì)日后生活和成功的影響。結(jié)果表明,與人為善,人緣不會(huì)差。
32.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A.Unkind. B.Lonely.
C.Generous. D.Cool.
答案C
解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.”可知,在小學(xué)階段,作者是一個(gè)慷慨大方的姑娘,人緣很好。故選C項(xiàng)。
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The classification of the popular.
B.The characteristics of adolescents.
C.The importance of interpersonal skills.
D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.
答案A
解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.”可知,本段主要論述人氣的分類(lèi):討人喜愛(ài)型與追求地位型。故選A項(xiàng)。
34.What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B.They tended to be more adaptable.
C.They enjoyed the highest status.
D.They performed well academically.
答案B
解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五、六段可知,樂(lè)于分享、仁慈善意、開(kāi)放心態(tài)能夠使人更好地建立人脈。討人喜歡不僅與積極的生活體驗(yàn)相關(guān),而且與人生的成功和幸福相關(guān)。受歡迎的孩子能為未來(lái)的人生際遇創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。他們會(huì)更能適應(yīng)未來(lái)的生存挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
35.What is the best title for the text?
A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last
B.The Higher the Status,the Better
C.Be the Best—You Can Make It
D.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness
答案A
解析主旨大意題。本文分別講了受歡迎的兩種類(lèi)型可能在社會(huì)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)生活中產(chǎn)生的影響。因追求權(quán)力和地位而惹人喜愛(ài)的人與最不受歡迎的人相仿,他們更傾向于采取冒險(xiǎn)舉動(dòng)。因此這種類(lèi)型更容易給人的發(fā)展帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。最后證實(shí)最受歡迎的人能對(duì)日后長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)生活帶來(lái)的好處。由此推知,我們要做一個(gè)受歡迎的人,這樣你在社會(huì)交往中不會(huì)差。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)
IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.　36　 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.?
　37　 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.?
Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情緒).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace.?
　40　While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.?
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for?
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
答案與解析
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章論述了呼吸新鮮空氣對(duì)身體健康的重要性。
36.E　本題考查過(guò)渡句。根據(jù)空格后面的“theanswerisabigYES”可知該空是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句,因此答案鎖定在B項(xiàng)和E項(xiàng)之間。句意:我們一直聽(tīng)著人們說(shuō)“出門(mén)呼吸一下新鮮空氣”長(zhǎng)大,但是新鮮空氣真的有你媽媽一直說(shuō)的那么有益嗎?根據(jù)最近的研究,如果在你露營(yíng)的區(qū)域空氣質(zhì)量好的話,答案是肯定的。故選E項(xiàng)。
37.A　本題考查主旨句。這一空出現(xiàn)在第二段段首,是全段的總起句,后文說(shuō)到如果空氣干凈,那么空氣中就會(huì)充滿(mǎn)有活力的氧氣,會(huì)有更多的氧氣輸送到肌肉和大腦中,氧氣是由肺部吸入的,因此A項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ungs”與此段話吻合,故選A項(xiàng)。
38.G　本題考查細(xì)節(jié)句。本段第一句屬于總起句,表明新鮮空氣對(duì)治療病人有幫助。G項(xiàng)中的“recoverycenters”以及“HealingGardens”對(duì)應(yīng)該空前面的“healing”和該空后面的“recovery”。
39.C　本題考查總結(jié)句。第三段講的是親近自然對(duì)身體的好處,且后一句話主語(yǔ)是It,C項(xiàng)中的主語(yǔ)“Beinginnature”與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。
40.D　本題考查主旨句。第四段講述空氣新鮮的地方陽(yáng)光更充足。D項(xiàng)中的“sunlight”對(duì)應(yīng)本段中的“thesun’srays”。
第三部分　語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分45分)
第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 　41　 with them lots of waste.The 　42　 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　43　 of Kilimanjaro.?
Hearing these stories,I’m 　44　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.?
However,I soon 　45　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　46　 among tons of rubbish.I find a 　47　 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 　48　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　49　.?
The best of a Kilimanjaro 　50　,in my opinion,isn’t reaching the top.Mountains are 　51　 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 　52　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 　53　 go through five ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,　54　 lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 　55　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 　56　 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 　57　:gravel(礫石),stones and rocks.　58　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 　59　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.?
Does Kilimanjaro 　60　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.?
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了由于人滿(mǎn)為患、亂扔垃圾,作者擔(dān)心乞力馬扎羅山的美名不副實(shí)?？上驳氖?當(dāng)?shù)卣呐τ辛嘶貓?bào),山脈生態(tài)在慢慢恢復(fù)之中。
41.A.keep B.mix
C.connect D.bring
答案D
解析由上文“每年大約有四萬(wàn)人試圖攀爬乞力馬扎羅山”和下文“或許會(huì)破壞它的美感”可知,眾多的登山者帶來(lái)了許多垃圾。bringwith“帶來(lái)”。故選D項(xiàng)。
42.A.stories B.buildings
C.crowds D.reporters
答案C
解析由上文可知,每年約四萬(wàn)人攀爬乞力馬扎羅山,擁擠的人群(及所帶來(lái)的垃圾)或許會(huì)影響它的美感。crowds“擁擠的人群”。故選C項(xiàng)。
43.A.position B.age
C.face D.name
答案C
解析由上文可知,此處表示冰川正在消融,改變著乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年齡”;name“名字”。故選C項(xiàng)。
44.A.silent B.skeptical
C.serious D.crazy
答案B
解析根據(jù)上文講述的乞力馬扎羅山的氣候環(huán)境變化和下文的“其他旅游景點(diǎn)被描述得更加純凈天然”可知,此處意為聽(tīng)完這些故事,“我”對(duì)乞力馬扎羅山的自然美景持懷疑態(tài)度。skeptical“懷疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“嚴(yán)肅的”;crazy“瘋狂的”。故選B項(xiàng)。
45.A.discover B.argue
C.decide D.advocate
答案A
解析根據(jù)句首However表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知,與前面的描述不同,作者不久發(fā)現(xiàn)了乞力馬扎羅山的美,故選A項(xiàng)。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;argue“爭(zhēng)論”;decide“決定”;advocate“擁護(hù)”。
46.A.equipment B.grass
C.camps D.stones
答案C
解析此處指的是自從乞力馬扎羅山上營(yíng)地周?chē)蓢嵗膱?bào)道后,情況發(fā)生了許多變化。下文又接著講述作者在營(yíng)地和道路上看到了廁所,由此推知,上文中提到的報(bào)道指的是以前的營(yíng)地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,現(xiàn)在干凈了許多。camp“營(yíng)地”;equipment“裝備”;grass“草”;stone“石頭”。故選C項(xiàng)。
47.A.remote B.quiet
C.tall D.clean
答案D
解析本句提到作者在營(yíng)地和道路旁邊看到了許多廁所,與在報(bào)道中出現(xiàn)的垃圾堆中的營(yíng)地截然不同,干凈衛(wèi)生。故選D項(xiàng)。
48.A.new B.special
C.significant D.necessary
答案C
解析前文提到了作者擔(dān)心乞力馬扎羅山面臨的嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問(wèn)題會(huì)毀壞它在人們心目中的美的形象。此處指的是面臨的環(huán)境考驗(yàn)是顯而易見(jiàn)的(significant)。故選C項(xiàng)。
49.A.paying off B.spreading out
C.blowing up D.fading away
答案A
解析本句but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,雖然環(huán)境面臨著考驗(yàn),坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。payoff“成功;奏效;達(dá)到目的”;spreadout“展開(kāi);鋪開(kāi)”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“逐漸消失”。故選A項(xiàng)。
50.A.atmosphere B.experience
C.experiment D.sight
答案B
解析由上文第二段中的“...otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看來(lái),攀登乞力馬扎羅山的最佳體驗(yàn)并不僅僅在于到達(dá)頂峰。
51.A.studied B.observed
C.explored D.regarded
答案D
解析由下文可知,乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。beregardedas...“被視為……”。故選D項(xiàng)。
52.A.view B.quality
C.reason D.purpose
答案A
解析本句進(jìn)一步解釋上句內(nèi)容,為什么乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。隨著人們?cè)趲浊椎目臻g內(nèi)穿過(guò)五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這種“觀點(diǎn)”尤其明顯。故選A項(xiàng)。
53.A.scientists B.climbers
C.locals D.officials
答案B
解析此處指攀登者可以在幾千米的空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項(xiàng)。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科學(xué)家”;local“當(dāng)?shù)厝?本地人”;official“官員”。
54.A.holding on to B.going back to
C.living up to D.giving way to
答案D
解析上文講到山腳處是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然結(jié)束?！白屛弧苯o矮生植物。故選D項(xiàng)。givewayto“給……讓位”;holdonto“堅(jiān)持”;gobackto“返回”;liveupto“達(dá)到”。
55.A.changes B.clears
C.improves D.permits
答案A
解析由上文可知,有五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),所以再往上氣候又有變化。故選A項(xiàng)。
56.A.match B.imagine
C.count D.add
答案C
解析由上文可知,低云壓山,茂密的草叢覆蓋著山腰,本句則為從作者所站之處望去可以數(shù)到12種濃淡深淺的綠色。故選C項(xiàng)。
57.A.village B.desert
C.road D.lake
答案B
解析此處指的是4000米以上為高原沙漠環(huán)境。根據(jù)下文的礫石、石頭和巖石可知為類(lèi)沙漠環(huán)境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村莊”;road“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故選B項(xiàng)。
58.A.Obviously B.Easily
C.Consequently D.Finally
答案D
解析由上文可知,作者已經(jīng)講了四種生態(tài)系統(tǒng):rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,還有最后的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(類(lèi)北極地帶),故選D項(xiàng)。
59.A.permanent B.little
C.fresh D.artificial
答案A
解析本句意為“類(lèi)北極地帶上方有永久的積雪和冰川,但它們可能不久后會(huì)融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鮮的”;artificial“人造的”。故選A項(xiàng)。
60.A.enjoy B.deserve
C.save D.acquire
答案B
解析文章最后作者發(fā)出感慨:一個(gè)人滿(mǎn)為患,破壞了原有寧?kù)o的乞力馬扎羅山還能名副其實(shí)嗎?“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)恰恰相反。故選B項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 　61　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　62　 (poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.?
Modern methods 　63　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　64　 (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　65　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 　66　 (believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 　67　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are 　68　 (high) than they actually are.Of 　69　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 　70　 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.?
答案與解析
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了由于居住范圍廣,監(jiān)測(cè)費(fèi)用高等因素,北極熊的數(shù)量難以準(zhǔn)確估算,生物學(xué)家們對(duì)此持謹(jǐn)慎樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。
61.that　考查連接詞。該空前后均為句子,且空格后面的句子是對(duì)空格前面的名詞evidence的內(nèi)容的解釋說(shuō)明,由此判斷該空為同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,表示陳述語(yǔ)氣,故填that。
62.poorly　考查副詞。該空前后部分均為謂語(yǔ)成分hasbeenstudied,用副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)部分,故填poorly。
63.of/for　考查介詞。該空前面為名詞methods,后面為動(dòng)詞-ing形式tracking,故應(yīng)填介詞。用of表示所屬關(guān)系,也可填介詞for。
64.toperform　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該空所在分句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are,故應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。根據(jù)“be+adj.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)填toperform。
65.havereported　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為inrecentyears,是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,主語(yǔ)Inuitpeople與report之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且people為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填havereported。
66.belief　考查名詞。該空前面有冠詞a,應(yīng)填名詞,故填belief。
67.noting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該空前面為介詞by,應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞-ing形式,且scientists與note之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填noting。
68.higher　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。該空后面有than,應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí)形式,故填higher。
69.the　考查冠詞。該空后面為名詞短語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空格前的of可知存在限定范圍,故填the。
70.are　考查主謂一致。根據(jù)并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一致原則,此處采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填are。
第四部分　寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分35分)
第一節(jié)　短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分10分)
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.To everyone’s surprising,the ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.From now on,I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
答案
I became interestinginterested in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon wherewhen I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly ∧a football fell just in front of me butand almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardlyhard back to the playground.To everyone’s surprisingsurprise,the ball went into the net.All the football playerplayers on the playground cheered loudly,saysaying that I had a talent for football.From nowthen on,I started to play
my
football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了小學(xué)時(shí)代的偶然事件讓“我”喜歡上了踢足球。
第一處:interesting→interested　考查形容詞。becomeinterestedin“對(duì)……感興趣”。
第二處:where→when　考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句中不缺成分,先行詞表示時(shí)間。故用when。
第三處:football前面加a　考查冠詞。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞需要用限定詞,“一個(gè)”足球,用a。
第四處:but→and　考查并列連詞。剛好落在“我”面前并且差點(diǎn)擊中了“我”。此處表示并列關(guān)系,用and。
第五處:hardly→hard　考查副詞。hardly“幾乎不”;hard“用力地”?！拔摇庇昧μ呋厝?用hard。
第六處:surprising→surprise　考查固定短語(yǔ)。toone’ssurprise“讓某人驚訝的是”。
第七處:player→players　考查名詞。all“所有的”修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù),故用players。
第八處:say→saying　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞cheered,應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,say有賓語(yǔ),用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
第九處:now→then　考查副詞。此處表示從那時(shí)起,用fromthenon。
第十處:去掉football前的my　考查代詞。playfootball為固定搭配,意為“踢足球”。
第二節(jié)　書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿(mǎn)分25分)
(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ)
假定你是李華,暑期在倫敦學(xué)習(xí),得知當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國(guó)畫(huà)展覽。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封信申請(qǐng)做志愿者,內(nèi)容包括:
1.寫(xiě)信目的;
2.個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì);
3.能做的事情。
注意:
1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3.結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
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參考范文
Version 1:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua,a student from China for further study in London this summer vacation.Learning from the notice that your local art museum is recruiting some volunteers for an exhibition of Chinese paintings,I got desperately delighted and thrilled.And I am now writing to apply for this position.
I’ve been longing for a chance to offer service in such a fantastic platform so as to enhance my organization ability as well as communication skills.Being active,enthusiastic and energetic,I am confident to be competent for the voluntary work.Furthermore,my previous experience as a volunteer enables me to be qualified for the position with less training.Most importantly,as a Chinese,I have been exposed to Chinese culture especially Chinese paintings since I was a little child,so I am convinced that I can make a vivid description of the profound meaning behind those masterpieces to the visitors.
I do hope that I can meet your requirements.I would be much obliged if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua
Version 2:
Dear Sir/Madame,
I am Li Hua,a student from China who is pursuing further study in London this summer vacation.Learning that an art museum in London is going to hold an art exhibition of Chinese paintings and is in need of volunteers,I am writing to you to apply for this position.
First of all,coming from China,I have been completely involved in traditional Chinese culture including Chinese paintings since I was pretty young.Therefore,I am equipped with a wide range of knowledge in this aspect,which can help people in London have a deeper understanding of Chinese paintings.Besides,having participated in lots of voluntary activities and having a good command of English give me the confidence and privilege to serve as the bridge between China and Britain to enhance the mutual understandings between our two countries.
I sincerely wish that you could offer me this precious opportunity.And I would be much obliged if you could reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua


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