UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world1．survive v．生存；幸存→ survival n．生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者2．intend vi.& vt.想要，計(jì)劃；意指→intention n．打算，計(jì)劃3．refer v．查閱，參考；提到，談及→reference n．提到，談及；參考，查閱；參考書(shū)目4．limit n．限度；極限；范圍→ limited adj.有限的5．contain v．容納→ container n．容器；集裝箱，貨柜6．wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.明智地→wisdom n．智慧，才智，明智；知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)7．benefit n．優(yōu)勢(shì)；益處→ beneficial adj.有益的，有用的1．wisdom n．智慧，才智，明智；知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)①The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban.智慧②Many Tibetans have expressed doubts about the wisdom of the decision.明智③The received wisdom is that they cannot win. 知識(shí)2．refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及；指的是①Her mother never referred to him again. 提到，談及②This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 涉及，指的是③You may refer to your notes if you want. 查閱，參考Words and Phrases知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1　survival n．生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物(教材P44)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.由于她發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，世界各地的瘧疾患者現(xiàn)在有了極大的生存機(jī)會(huì)。[例1]　 If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small.如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。[例2]　A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.很多小公司不得不為生存而拼搏。[造句]　如果癌癥早被發(fā)現(xiàn)，存活的概率就高。If cancers are spotted/discovered early，there's a high chance of survival.[知識(shí)拓展](1)survive vt.& vi. 生還；殘存；比……活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)survive on... 僅靠……維持生計(jì)survive sb.by... 比某人多活…… (2)survivor n. 生存者；殘存者；幸存者[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①She survived her husband by twenty years.②Life became a struggle for survival(survive)．③Luckily，most of the passengers survived(survive) the terrible accident.④Millions of people survive on a very limited diet.[小片段助記](méi)Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2　intend vi.& vt.想要，計(jì)劃；意指(教材P44)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世紀(jì)60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年，屠呦呦擔(dān)任了一個(gè)課題組的組長(zhǎng)，這個(gè)課題組計(jì)劃找到該疾病的治療方法。[例1]　 I intend that you(should) be invited by them.我打算讓他們邀請(qǐng)你。[例2]　What do you intend doing when you get to this place?你打算到這里干什么？[造句]　他打算明年去國(guó)外留學(xué)。He intends to study/studying abroad next year.[知識(shí)拓展](1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb.to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事(2)intended adj. 打算的；計(jì)劃的be intended for... 為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的be intended to do... 打算做……(3)intention n. 意圖，目的；企圖with the intention of 有……的打算/目的have no intention of doing sth.＝have no intention to do sth. 無(wú)意做某事without intention 無(wú)意地，不是故意地[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①He went to Paris with the intention(intend) of learning French.②He intends his son to manage(manage) the company.③I had intended(intend) to do it，but I'm sorry I forgot.④This is a new book intended(intend) for little children.[小片段助記](méi)With the intention of becoming rich and famous，many people intend to take part in some TV shows，most people didn't get what they had intended to get.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3　refer to 查閱，參考；提到，談及(教材P45)When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.當(dāng)它們沒(méi)有取得預(yù)期效果時(shí)，屠呦呦再次去查閱歷代中醫(yī)典籍。[例1]　In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada.在他的講話(huà)中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。[例2]　Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.瑪西婭把他稱(chēng)為好朋友。[造句]　我答應(yīng)過(guò)再也不提這事了。I promised not to refer to the matter again.[知識(shí)拓展](1)refer v． 參考；提到；查閱；涉及refer...to... 把……提交給……refer to...as... 把……看作……(2)reference n. 參考，查閱；提到，談及； 介紹信，介紹人make(a) reference to 談及，提及；參考in/with reference to 關(guān)于reference book 參考書(shū)；工具書(shū)[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①He made no reference(refer) to his illness but only to his future plans.②He is referred(refer) to as a living Lei Feng.③The question referred to at the meeting is hard to answer.④I have nothing to say in/with reference to that case.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4　(教材P45)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited．然而，由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大型試驗(yàn)。(1)trial n．試用，試驗(yàn)；審訊，審判；考驗(yàn)vi.& vt.測(cè)試，試驗(yàn)[例1]　She agreed to employ me for a trial period.她同意試用我一段時(shí)間。[例2]　We had the machine on trial for a week.這臺(tái)機(jī)器我們已經(jīng)試用了一個(gè)星期。[造句]　 我把車(chē)開(kāi)出去在公路上試了一下。I took the car out for a trial on the roads.[知識(shí)拓展]be on trial 正在受審stand/go on trial 受到審判on trial 在試驗(yàn)/測(cè)試中trial and error 反復(fù)試驗(yàn)[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①Now he is on trial for his life.②She will go on trial for murder.③Children learn to use computer by trial and error.(2)limited adj.有限的[例1]　The amount of money we have is limited.我們擁有的錢(qián)是有限的。[例2]　Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses.電影業(yè)對(duì)女演員來(lái)說(shuō)機(jī)會(huì)有限。[造句]　此次減價(jià)時(shí)間有限。This offer is for a limited period only.[知識(shí)拓展](1)limit vt. 限制    n．[C] 限度，限制limit...to... 把……限定在……be limited to 局限于……there is a limit to... ……是有限度的(2)limitless adj. 無(wú)限制的，無(wú)止境的(3)limitation n. 限制；局限[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.②The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions.③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.④Families are limited(limit)to three free tickets each.[小片段助記](méi)A man's life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5　container n．容器；集裝箱，貨柜(教材P45)When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household water containers.當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有研究設(shè)備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。[例1]　Do not fill the container more than two-thirds full.加入的量不要超過(guò)容器總?cè)萘康?/3。[例2]　The crane lifted the container onto the truck.吊車(chē)把集裝箱吊運(yùn)到卡車(chē)上。[造句]　她將水注入了容器里。She poured the water into the container.[知識(shí)拓展]contain vt. 包含；容納；容忍；控制，克制contain oneself 克制自己[易混辨析]　contain，includecontain表示包含所含之物的全部，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。另外，contain還有“克制，抑制”之意。include意為“包含；包括……在內(nèi)；計(jì)入，算入”，指作為整體中的一部分而被包括進(jìn)去，在句中常構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/選詞填空(contain，include)①He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)．②I don't know how much oil is in this old container(contain)．③The girl went to pick up the bag containing(contain) much money.④Our school lecture hall contains(contain) 1，000 people.⑤This little book contains all the information that you need.⑥I have to prepare food for seven people including me.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6　speed up　(使)加速(教材P45)To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.為了加快進(jìn)程并確保安全，屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)自愿先在自己身上測(cè)試青蒿提取物。[例1]　I noticed that your breathing has speeded up a bit.我注意到你的呼吸已加快了一點(diǎn)。[例2]　This system helps speed up access times.這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有助于加快讀取數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間。[造句]　我已經(jīng)采取措施加快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.[知識(shí)拓展]at a speed of... 以……的速度at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速pick up speed 加速[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①Once outside the station，the train began to speed up．②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.③This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.④Many countries are faced with the problem how to speed up economic development.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7　pay off 成功，奏效，達(dá)到目的(教材P45)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.屠呦呦和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力終于有了回報(bào)。[例1]　It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.那筆貸款將需要他的余生才能還清。[例2]　I believe that hard work and determination pay off.我相信勤奮和決心一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)。[造句]　他們的努力最終有了回報(bào)。Their efforts paid off in the end.[知識(shí)拓展]pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清，還清pay for 為……付錢(qián)；為……付出代價(jià)pay back 還錢(qián)；報(bào)復(fù)[名師點(diǎn)津]　pay off表示“得到回報(bào)”時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且一般用表示事物的名詞作主語(yǔ)；表示“償清”時(shí)，用人作主語(yǔ)。[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid(pay) off.②Can you lend me some money？I'll pay you back on Friday.③At last，the young people's hard work paid(pay) off.④The couple were happy to know that their son's debt had been paid(pay) off.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8　beneficial adj.有益的，有用的(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.也許下一代的科學(xué)家借鑒中醫(yī)的智慧，確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全球醫(yī)療的藥物。[例1]　To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.在室內(nèi)鍛煉不如在室外鍛煉更有益。[例2]　Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.在外國(guó)文化環(huán)境中熏陶有利于我們學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言。[造句]　水對(duì)植物和動(dòng)物都有益。Water is beneficial to both plants and animals.[知識(shí)拓展](1)be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益，對(duì)……有用(2)benefit v. 對(duì)……有用，使受益        n. 益處benefit from/by 得益于，得利于be of benefit to 對(duì)……有利for sb.'s benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 為了某人的利益[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空①Your advice is very beneficial(benefit) to me.②You must study hard for the benefit of your own.③This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties.④Both sides have benefited from/by the talks.[小片段助記](méi)I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week，which I think is beneficial to their learning.The notes will be of benefit to everyone concerned.1．(教材P44)Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.[分析]　此句為簡(jiǎn)單句。不定式 to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞scientist；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which was awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria；名詞短語(yǔ)one of the deadliest diseases in human history是 malaria 的同位語(yǔ)。[譯文]　屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國(guó)第一位獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)樗诳箵舣懠仓凶龀龅呢暙I(xiàn)，瘧疾是人類(lèi)歷史上最致命的疾病之一。2．(教材P45)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.[分析]　此句為主從復(fù)合句。句中 because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為不定式短語(yǔ)to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials。[譯文]　然而，由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大型試驗(yàn)。3．(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.[分析]　此句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句中“drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine”為動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞 scientists。[譯文]　也許下一代的科學(xué)家借鑒中醫(yī)的智慧，確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全球醫(yī)療的藥物。教材高考1.In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.(2020·天津卷)Making a full-length clay(黏土)figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do！2.When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to？3.However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources.4.To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)They will speed up energy production.5.In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture？(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage，walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 5－10 years.2．She went to this city with the intention(intend) of finding a good job.3．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.4．The report will be published(publish)on the Internet.5．At worst we'll have to sell the house to pay off our debts.6．Her menu was so limited(limit) that few customers came to her restaurant.7．The new rules will be beneficial(benefit) to every student.8．I think Mary is a woman of great wisdom(wise)．9．Take the machine on trial for a week.10．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to it's survival (survive)．Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空refer to；speed up；pay off；make a difference；thanks to；succeed in；day and night；give up；large amounts of；draw on1．I'll have to draw on my savings to afford it.2．It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.3．Did he give up or keep on trying?4．Study this example and refer to the explanation below.5．After a month's hard work，his effort paid off at last.6．He succeeded in getting a place at art school last year.7．Whatever you choose to do，it will make a difference．8．Speed up your pace and try to arrive there on time.9．Students should not play computer games day and night．10．The server is designed to store large amounts of data.Ⅲ.課文語(yǔ)法填空Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the people's Republic of China 1.to receive(receive) a Nobel Prize.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.studied(study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.for malaria. 4.Inspired(inspire) by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.effective(effect) part.She finally succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.However, the trials on patients were likely to 7.be postponed(postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.safety(safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.the extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.which is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. 

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