高中英語UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案譯林版必修第三冊-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the worldⅠ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配(　　)1.theory　 A．n.共和國，共和政體(　　)2.republic B．n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物(　　)3.deadly C．n.省，省份(　　)4.province D．n.學(xué)說，論；原理；看法，意見(　　)5.survival E．adj.causing death or extremely poisonous(　　)6.herb F．adj.not very great in amount(　　)7.experiment G．adj.of a family n. a social unit living together (　　)8.household H．adj.enoughfor its purpose(　　)9.sufficient I．n.藥草，香草；草本(　　)10.limited J．n.實驗，試驗；嘗試，實踐 vi.做實驗，進(jìn)行實驗；嘗試[答案]　1－5　DAECB　6－10　IJGHFB．短語匹配(　　)1.speed up A．偶然，意外地(　　)2.pay off B．外太空(　　)3.by accident C．(使)加速(　　)4.with a bang D．成功，奏效，達(dá)到目的(　　)5.outer space E．很成功；引人注目，有強烈影響(　　)6.let sb.down F．想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，認(rèn)為…… 是理所當(dāng)然(　　)7.as to G．提出，提議，建議(　　)8.take it for granted H．關(guān)于，至于(　　)9.put forward I．查閱，參考；提到，談及(　　)10.refer to J．使某人失望[答案]　1－5　CDAEB　6－10　JHFGIⅡ.默寫單詞1．intend vi.& vt. 想要，計劃；意指2．data n. 數(shù)據(jù)，資料，材料3．conduct vt.& vi. 組織，實施；指揮；引導(dǎo)；舉止4．accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇5．favour vt. 較喜歡；偏袒；有助于 n. 幫助，好事；贊同；偏袒6．electricity n．電，電能7．charge vt.& vi. 充電；收費；控告；譴責(zé)；使……承擔(dān)責(zé)任；使充滿 n. 收費；控告；譴責(zé)；掌管8．indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出9．credit n. 贊揚，認(rèn)可；信用 vt. 存入金額；把……歸于10．publish vt. 出版，發(fā)行；發(fā)表；公布Ⅰ.語境填空permit；declare；responsibility；scientific；survival；moral；beneficial；electric；indicate；surround1．A good diet is beneficial to health.2．His only chance of survival was a heart transplant.3．The password will permit access to all the files in the computer.4．He came along to lend me moral support.5．In the email, you don't need to declare who you are.6．There's an electric heater in the bedroom.7．We need to be more scientific about this problem.8．Early results can indicate that the government will be returned to power.9．That is the question that will always surround him.10．The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．A politician(politics) is a person whose job is connected with politics.2．She made a favourable(favour)impression on his parents.3．Electric(electricity)is usually used to describe something that uses or produces electricity.4．A bomber(bomb)is a plane that carries and drops bombs.5．You must ask permission(permit)for all major expenditure.6．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex or nationality (nation)．7．Chinese traditional view was that marriage(marry) was meant to last, whatever happened.8．I question the wisdom (wise)of giving a child so much money.9．The following day she felt sufficiently(sufficient)well to go to work.10．He finally won his freedom(free) after twenty years in prison.1．She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.她收集了2 000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并從不同的草藥中獲得了數(shù)百種提取物。2．On 4 October 1971，after 190 failures，she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.1971年10月4日，在失敗了190次之后，她成功地獲得了一種治療老鼠瘧疾的青蒿提取物。3．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.他們夜以繼日地工作，由于惡劣的條件，他們的健康開始受到損害，但他們從未放棄。4．As a key part of many malaria medicines，...作為許多治療瘧疾的藥物的主要成分。5．In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.在她的諾貝爾演講中，她鼓勵科學(xué)家們進(jìn)一步探索中醫(yī)藥的寶庫，并將其提升到更高的水平。詞語助讀①female adj.& n．女性的；女子②malaria n.瘧疾③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，徹底的④survival n．生存，存活；殘存物⑤province n.省份⑥broad adj.廣泛的；廣闊的⑦intend vi.& vt.想要；計劃⑧recipe n．方法，秘訣；食譜⑨extract n．提取物⑩herb n．藥草；草本?refer to 查閱，參考?experiment n．實驗；實踐?trial n．試用；試驗?limited adj.有限的?householdadj.家用的，家庭的?container n.容器?sufficientadj.足夠的，充足的?data n．數(shù)據(jù)，資料?speed up(使)加速?pay off 奏效；達(dá)到目的lecture n．講座，演講explore vt.研究；探索wisdom n．智慧，才智beneficialadj.有意的，有用的原文呈現(xiàn)Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel PrizeBy Dina Conner11 December 2015Tu Youyou has become the first female①scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria②，one of the deadliest③diseases in human history. [1] Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival④.[1] 句中的to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定語，修飾the first female scientist；awarded for...為過去分詞短語作定語；one of the deadliest diseases in human history 是名詞malaria的同位語。Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province⑤，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.[2] After graduation，she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，acquiring a broad⑥ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. [3][2] born in 1930...為過去分詞短語作狀語。[3] acquiring...為v.-ing短語作狀語。Tu's education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑦ to find a cure for the disease[4]．She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes⑧ for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑨ from different herbs⑩.When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to? the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments? and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5] On 4 October 1971，after 190 failures，she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice[6]．[4] 關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞team。[5] Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water為過去分詞短語作狀語。[6]that could treat malaria in mice為定語從句，先行詞為extract。However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials? because research resources were limited?.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household? water containers?.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced [7]，however，they still faced another problem.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient?safety data?. To speed up? the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.[7] 此句為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with ＋ n．＋過去分詞。The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off?.In November 1972，through trial and error，they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery，Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.譯文參考中國科學(xué)家獲得2015年諾貝爾獎迪娜·康納2015年12月11日屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢獻(xiàn)，瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。由于她發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，世界各地的瘧疾患者現(xiàn)在有了極大的生存機會。1930年，屠呦呦生于浙江寧波，1951年至1955年在北京的一所大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)。畢業(yè)后，她在中醫(yī)研究院工作。她完成了中醫(yī)深造課程，獲得了廣泛的中西醫(yī)知識。屠呦呦所受的教育很快被證明是非常有用的。20世紀(jì)60年代，許多人死于瘧疾。1969年，屠呦呦擔(dān)任了一個課題組的組長，這個課題組計劃找到該疾病的治療方法。她收集了2 000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并從不同的草藥中獲得了數(shù)百種提取物。當(dāng)它們沒有取得任何預(yù)期效果時，屠呦呦再次去查閱歷代中醫(yī)典籍。據(jù)一本1 600多年前的古籍記載，古人通過冷水制備青蒿提取物，受此啟發(fā)，屠呦呦重新設(shè)計了實驗，為了不破壞其(抗瘧的)有效成分，她嘗試在低溫下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日，在失敗了190次之后，她成功地獲得了一種治療老鼠瘧疾的青蒿提取物。然而，由于研究資源有限，難以生產(chǎn)出足夠的青蒿提取物進(jìn)行大型試驗。屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊設(shè)法找到解決這個問題的方法。當(dāng)時沒有研究設(shè)備，他們只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他們夜以繼日地工作，由于惡劣的條件，他們的健康開始受到損害，但他們從未放棄。然而，即使生產(chǎn)了大量的青蒿提取物，他們?nèi)匀幻媾R另一個問題：因為他們沒有充足的安全性數(shù)據(jù)，在病人身上進(jìn)行試驗有可能推遲。為了加快進(jìn)程并確保安全，屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊自愿先在自己身上測試青蒿提取物。屠呦呦和其團(tuán)隊的努力終于有了回報。1972年11月，通過試驗和努力他們成功地找到了青蒿素——青蒿提取物最有效的成分。自那以后，作為治療瘧疾的藥物的重要成分，“青蒿素”使大約2億人受益。在發(fā)現(xiàn)它40多年后，屠呦呦最終獲得了諾貝爾獎。在她的諾貝爾演講中，她鼓勵科學(xué)家們進(jìn)一步探索中醫(yī)藥的寶庫，并將其提升到更高的水平。也許下一代的科學(xué)家借鑒中醫(yī)的智慧，確實會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全球醫(yī)療的藥物。