主旨大意題主要考查對全文內(nèi)容或某一段的內(nèi)容的歸納總結(jié)能力，是在對原文深刻理解基礎(chǔ)上的高度概括能力，是高考中的難點之一。主旨大意題最關(guān)鍵的就是把握主題句和主題詞。
1.標(biāo)題歸納題
【典例】（2020·浙江卷C篇節(jié)選）
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。“Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age”是本文的主題句。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作可能會使大腦保持敏捷，所以C項“困難的工作可能有助于大腦保持敏捷”適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C項。
【點撥】標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面，一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點：概括——準(zhǔn)確而又簡短，能覆蓋全文大意。針對性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實細(xì)節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。
2.文章大意題
【典例】（2020·全國2卷B篇）
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(認(rèn)知)after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.D. A teaching prgram.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B. A scientific study(一項科學(xué)研究)符合以上說法，故選B項。
【點撥】①主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，提出主題，用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。
②主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。
③主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時再次點出主題。
④主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細(xì)節(jié)描述——歸納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。
3.段落大意題
【典例】（2020·全國1卷D篇節(jié)選）
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn,Ohi,fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。
【點撥】答段落大意題的關(guān)鍵是抓住段落的主題句。
①采用歸納法的段落，細(xì)節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾;
②采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中;
③若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。
④若沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。
A
Rdney Smith is a man with a task. The Bermuda native is in the midst f a trip that will take him t every state in the natin, mwing lawns（修理草坪）.
Five years ag, Smith came acrss a senir man mwing his lawn and stpped t help.“When I came acrss the elderly man, my life changed,”he said. After that, Smith went n t create the Raising Men Lawn Care Service (RMLCS) t mw lawns fr the elderly, disabled, single mms and frmer sldiers free f charge. As part f prviding free yard wrk, the rganizatin teaches children abut serving their cmmunities and lawn mwer safety.
A key cmpnent f RMLCS is its 50-yard challenge,which sets a gal fr children natinwide t mw 50 lawns fr free in their cmmunity. When a kid signs up fr the challenge, the grup sends them a white shirt with the Raising Men lg（標(biāo)識），shades and ear prtectin. The participants receive a different clred shirt after every 10th lawn they mw. When they have cmpleted the task fr 50 yards,they receive a special visit frm Smith r smene with RMLCS. They give the vlunteer a new lawnmwer, free f charge, and cut ther lawns with them.
Since this challenge started in 2016,12 kids have already cmpleted the challenge. And bth bys and girls are part f it. At present they have 130 kids natinwide taking part in this challenge,including 7 in Bermuda and the U. K. and ne in Canada. S it’s spreading wrldwide. Even the Queen f England tk ntice — the gvernr f Bermuda presented Smith with an award late last year n behalf f her.
It was als last year that Smith came up with the 50 States 50 Lawns campaign. Nw, in 2020，he’s n the rad again.
1. What is the purpse f the Raising Men Lawn Care Service?
A. Educate children t wrk hard.B. Offer free lawn cutting service.
C. Make lawnmwers f high quality.D. Train prfessinal lawn mwing wrkers.
2 Why is the Queen f England mentined?
A. T praise the queen fr her care.
B. T prve Smith is respected by everyne.
C. T shw Smith’s behavir gt recgnized.
D. T intrduce where Smith’s mtivatin came frm.
3. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Mw Lawns in Order t TravelB. Lawn Mwing — a New Trend
C. Chse Mwing Lawns t HelpD. Smith — a Man Lves Mwing Lawns
B
Adlescent chimpanzees adpt their yunger siblings (兄弟姐妹) if their mthers die. The lder siblings keep a clse watch n the yungsters and give them lts f cmfrting hugs.
The finding adds t the evidence that chimpanzees can understand when thers are suffering and can, t sme extent, help them. Similarly, a secnd study has shwn that chimpanzees have a strng emtinal respnse when they see that anther chimp r a familiar human is injured.
Rachna Reddy and Jhn Mitani at the University f Michigan were tracking a grup f abut 200 chimps in Kibale Natinal Park, Uganda, when a deadly disease struck the animals between December 2016 and February 2017. Twenty-five chimps died and 13 lst their mthers. Reddy and Mitani kept a clse watch n fur pairs f yung chimpanzee siblings, where the lder f the tw effectively adpted the yunger. The lder chimps were 10-17 years ld while the yunger siblings were 6 t 7 years ld. The pairs spent much mre time tgether after their mthers' deaths than they did befre. They als cmfrted each ther. "It was like they were bth seeking physical cntact all the time," says Reddy. "The behavir makes evlutinary sense, because by helping their siblings, the lder chimps are acting in the interest f their wn genes." We can't be sure what is ging thrugh their minds, but Reddy says the yunger siblings were clearly scared and upset and the lder siblings seemed t take the situatin seriusly. "I am hesitant t use a wrd like 'respnsibility'," says Reddy, but she says they were respnding t their siblings' suffering.
In line with this, chimps react when ne f their members is injured: they may inspect r help deal with a wund, fr instance. Yutar Sat at Kyt University in Japan and his clleagues have nw fund that chimps respnd n an emtinal level t seeing an injury. They shwed six chimps a human with whm they were familiar, and wh had a serius wund. The cameras shwed a temperature drp inside the chimps' nses, which is knwn t have links with a strng negative emtin.
4. Why did the lder chimpanzees adpt the yunger siblings?
A. Because they enjyed having playmates.
B. Because they bserved the law f jungle.
C. Because they were taught t take respnsibility.
D. Because they understd their siblings' suffering.
5. What is the purpse f paragraph 3?
A. T shw hw they cnducted the research.
B. T make an analysis f the findings.
C. T cmpare the tw researches.
D. T describe a mving stry in the research.
6. What des the underlined wrd "this" refer t?
A. Chimps' unwillingness t help.
B. Chimps' minds full f sadness.
C. Chimps' reactin t their siblings' suffering.
D. The decrease f chimps' nse temperature.
7. Which is the best title fr the text?
A. Chimps really d care
B. The mystery f chimps
C. Chimps: t be r nt t be
D. The pwer f evlutin
C
Wd has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap，durable(耐用的),easily available，and mst imprtantly，envirnmentally sustainable. The ne thing it is nt,is transparent(透明的). Nw thanks t a team f scientists at Stckhlm’s KTH Ryal Institute f Technlgy，the material may even be able t add that feature t its already impressive list.
Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired t create the transparent wd after learning hw Japanese researchers had develped a see-thrugh paper fr use in flexible display screens fr electrnic devices. The team began by pulling ut the wd's lignin(木質(zhì)素). The lignin-free wd was then dipped int a plymer(聚合物)and baked at a temperature f 158F fr fur hurs. The result was a hybrid prduct that was nt nly strnger and lighter than the riginal wd but als，almst transparent. The researchers were able t adjust the level f transparency by varying the amunt f the plymer injected and als by changing the thickness f the wd.
While scientists have previusly created a see-thrugh wd fr small-scale applicatins like cmputer chips, he transparent wd is the first ne being cnsidered fr large scale applicatins. The researchers, wh revealed their findings in Bimacrmlecules n April 11, picture using the transparent wd in buildings t allw fr mre natural light, r t create windws that let in the desired amunt f light withut sacrificing privacy.
Wd that allws light t pass thrugh culd lead t a brighter future fr hmes and buildings. Berglund als thinks the wd culd play a significant rle in the design f slar panels. The semi-transparent material wuld be able t keep light lnger and give it mre time t interact with the cnductr, thus resulting in better slar efficiency. Additinally, substituting the currently used glass with this new prduct wuld help slar energy manufacturers imprve their carbn ftprint and lwer the cst. They are nw experimenting with ways t scale up the manufacturing prcess s that the transparent material is cst-effective t make and easy t use.
8．What des the underlined part “that feature” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Cheapness.B．Durability.C．Sustainability.D．Transparency.
9．Which f the fllwing is nt the prcess in which the transparent wd is made?
A．Dip the wd int a plymer.
B．Reduce the amunt f the plymer.
C．Make the wd lignin-free.
D．Bake the wd fr sme time.
10．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the text?
A．Berglund gt the idea f transparent wd while making paper.
B．Varying the amunt f the plymer changes the wd's hardness.
C．The cst f making the transparent wd still needs t be cut dwn.
D．The transparent wd wuld be used nly fr hmes and buildings.
11．What is the last paragraph mainly abut？
A．The bright future f the transparent wd.
B．The wd's rle in the design f slar panels.
C．The disadvantages f the currently used glass.
D．Slar energy manufacturers' carbn ftprint.
D
Dlphins, African gray parrts and sme ther animals understand the idea f “zer,” but researchers were surprised t find that hneybees als cmprehend this abstract cncept, cnsidering the insects’ tiny brains, accrding t a new study. Hneybees have fewer than ne millin neurns (神經(jīng)元), cmpared with the 86 billin neurns in humans—and yet, they grasp a cncept that humans, by sme measures, dn’t start t understand befre preschl.
The researchers set up tw cards, each f which had a set f symbls n them, like triangles r circles. Then, they trained a grup f the bees t fly t the card with the lwer number f symbls. The bees quickly learned what the humans wanted them t d t get their delicius, sweet rewards. The trained bees were then shwn a card that was empty and ne that had symbls n it. There is n need fr the bees t be trained t fly mre ften t the empty card—thus shwing that they understd that “zer” was a number less than the thers.
Althugh they flew mre ften t an empty card than t ne that had ne symbl n it, it became easier fr them t distinguish when the symbls n the card increased in number. Fr example, they mre ften flew t the zer when the ther card had fur symbls than when it had ne.
Perhaps these findings will explain the brain mechanism (機(jī)制) behind what allws us t understand the cncept f “nthing,” Adrian Dyer, a researcher said. This understanding, in turn, culd help in the develpment f artificial intelligence (AI) that als understands this cncept. “If bees can understand ‘zer’ with a brain f less than a millin neurns, it suggests there are simple, efficient ways t teach AI new tricks,” Dyer said in the statement.
12．What is a surprising finding fr the researchers?
A．Many animals als cmprehend the meaning f “zer”.
B．The number f neurns f hneybees is much smaller.
C．Hneybees can understand “zer” with their tiny brains.
D．Humans fail t recgnize abstract ideas befre preschl.
13．What can the bees d withut further training?
A．Fly directly t the card with mre symbls n it.
B．Fly less ften t the card with fewer symbls n it.
C．Fly quite slwly t the card withut anything n it.
D．Fly mre ften t the card withut any symbl n it.
14．What des Adrian Dyer say abut these findings?
A．They ffer inspiratin t the develpment f technlgy.
B．They enable peple t understand mre abstract cncepts.
C．They suggest ways t teach humans sme cmplex tricks.
D．They allw peple t set a new type f brain mechanism.
15．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Hneybees knw abut the cncept f “zer”.
B．Hneybees can understand much as humans d.
C．Hneybees will help t imprve AI in the future.
D．Hneybees can be trained t cmprehend “zer”.
答案與解析
A
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Smith went n t create the Raising Men Lawn Care Service (RMLCS) t mw lawns fr the elderly, disabled, single mms and frmer sldiers free f charge.”可知，史密斯創(chuàng)辦RMLCS是為了給老人，殘疾人，單親媽媽和退役軍人免費修理草坪。故選B。
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Even the Queen f England tk ntice — the gvernr f Bermuda presented Smith with an award late last year n behalf f her.”可知，甚至英國女皇都知道史密斯，并派總督代表她給史密斯頒獎。故選C。
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。全篇敘述了史密斯為特定人員免費修理草坪，并且為全國孩子設(shè)立目標(biāo)：為自己的家園免費修理50碼的草坪。這一系列的舉動，都是和修理草坪相關(guān)，是一種助人的行為。故選C。
B
【答案】D
【解析】理解題干，迅速定位到文本第二段第一句話“The finding adds t the evidence that chimpanzees can understand when thers are suffering and can, t sme extent, help them.”由此判斷選D項。
【答案】A
【解析】讀懂第三段主要介紹觀察對象、過程和結(jié)果，即如何具體實施研究，故選A項；第四段介紹了科學(xué)家的分析，因此把干擾項B排除；文章介紹了兩個實驗，第三段中沒有進(jìn)行比較，因此選項C排除；文章是說明文體裁，沒有進(jìn)行故事描寫，排除D項。故選A項。
【答案】C
【解析】理解第三段最后一句話中的“they were respnding t their siblings' suffering”；理解第四段第一句話“In line with this, chimps react when ne f their members is injured”，（與之一致，當(dāng)猩猩看到同伴受傷時，會做出反應(yīng)）；“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句話。故選C項。
【答案】A
【解析】A選項“猩猩的確關(guān)愛”。本文通過兩個實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)猩猩在同伴或親屬痛苦受傷時表現(xiàn)出關(guān)愛，故選擇A選項；B選項“猩猩的神秘”，表述太籠統(tǒng)，與本文主題不相關(guān)，故排除；C選項“猩猩，生存還是毀滅”，與本文主題不相關(guān)，故排除；D選項“進(jìn)化的力量”，太籠統(tǒng)，與本文主題不相關(guān)，故排除。
C
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It is cheap，durable(耐用的)，easily available，and mst imprtantly，envirnmentally sustainable. The ne thing it is nt，is transparent(透明的)”可知，木頭便宜，耐用，容易獲得，最重要的是，可持續(xù)。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科學(xué)家的努力，已經(jīng)將“那個特點”添加到已有的特點單子里了。根據(jù)這個語境可以推知，該處應(yīng)指，科學(xué)家們使得木頭成為透明的了?！巴该鳌币渤蔀榱怂囊粋€特點。故該畫線詞應(yīng)該指D選項：透明。
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The lignin-free wd was then dipped int a plymer(聚合物)and baked at a temperature f 158F fr fur hurs”可知，制造透明木頭的過程之一是：將無木質(zhì)素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158華氏度的溫度下烘烤4小時。因此B選項提到的“減少聚合物的量”和原文不符。故B選項切題。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“They are nw experimenting with ways t scale up the manufacturing prcess s that the transparent material is cst-effective t make and easy t use”可知，現(xiàn)在，他們正在嘗試擴(kuò)大制造工藝，使得透明材料制造起來更加合算，易于使用。由此推知，現(xiàn)在制造透明木頭的成本仍然很高，需要降低成本。故C選項正確。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。最后一段介紹了透明木頭將來在家庭，建筑物，太陽能電池板，環(huán)保等方面的應(yīng)用。由此可知，最后一段主要介紹了透明木頭的光明未來。故A選項正確。
D
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ researchers were surprised t find that hneybees als cmprehend this abstract cncept, cnsidering the insects’ tiny brains...”可知，令研究人員驚奇的是蜜蜂的腦容量小，但它們卻也能理解像“零”這樣的抽象概念。故C選項正確。
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飛向沒有符號的卡片是不需要被進(jìn)一步訓(xùn)練的。故D選項正確。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“If bees can understand ‘zer’ with a brain f less than a millin neurns, it suggests there are simple, efficient ways t teach AI new tricks. Dyer said in the statement.”可知，Adrian Dyer認(rèn)為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠為科技的發(fā)展提供一些靈感。故A選項正確。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要是在講蜜蜂與其他許多動物一樣，能理解諸如“零”這樣的抽象概念。故A選項正確。

相關(guān)試卷

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題強(qiáng)化練習(xí)專題16閱讀理解之主旨大意題講解與練習(xí)（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題強(qiáng)化練習(xí)專題16閱讀理解之主旨大意題講解與練習(xí)（含解析），共14頁。試卷主要包含了全國卷I閱讀C），全國卷II閱讀C節(jié)選）等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

高中英語高考 2021屆小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 學(xué)生版：

這是一份高中英語高考 2021屆小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 學(xué)生版，共15頁。試卷主要包含了標(biāo)題歸納題，文章大意題，段落大意題等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

高中英語高考 2021屆小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 教師版：

這是一份高中英語高考 2021屆小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 教師版，共15頁。試卷主要包含了標(biāo)題歸納題，文章大意題，段落大意題等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

(新高考)高考英語三輪沖刺小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

(新高考)高考英語三輪沖刺小題必練16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)
專題16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題講解與練習(xí)-2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題多維練（通用版）

專題16 閱讀理解之主旨大意題講解與練習(xí)-2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題多維練（通用版）
高考英語-閱讀理解Ⅰ：主旨大意題（練）-專題練習(xí)（三）(含答案與解析）

高考英語-閱讀理解Ⅰ：主旨大意題（練）-專題練習(xí)（三）(含答案與解析）
2021屆高考英語閱讀理解題型精準(zhǔn)練——主旨大意題

2021屆高考英語閱讀理解題型精準(zhǔn)練——主旨大意題
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗證碼 獲取驗證碼

手機(jī)驗證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部