?Unit1 SCIENCE flCTON
-Today’s science fiction is tamorrow’s science fact.
—Isaac Asimov
In this unit, you will
1 read famous science fiction.
2 hear and talk about robots and artificial intellligence.
3 write a sci-fi short story.
4 explore the relationship between science and science fiction.

Look and discuss
1 What do you see in the picture? What things does this picture remind you of?
2 Have you read any science fiction? What elements does science fiction usually include?
答案：
Reading and Thinking
Explore the relationship between humans and robots
1 How do robots already help humans in their lives today? What do you think a domestic robot could do for a family in the future?
2 Read the story below, which was originally written by famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Take notes on who these people are and their relationships to each other.
○Larry Belmont
○Claire
○Tony
○Gladys Claffern

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
1 SATISFACTION GUARANTEE《包你滿意》
《包你滿意》是科幻作家艾薩克·阿西莫夫(lsaac Asimov)的短篇科幻小說，首次刊載于美國(guó)科幻雜志《驚人的故事》1951年4月期。
艾薩克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)，20世紀(jì)世界著名的科幻小說家之一。他是俄裔美國(guó)人，一生著述多達(dá)四五百種。使他聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的是他的科幻小說，特別是《基地》系列和《機(jī)器人》系列。

(Adapted) Audrey Hepburn

2 Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.托尼對(duì)克菜爾說，她這樣想有點(diǎn)敏感，其實(shí)她就像格拉迪斯一樣好。
“be+ being+形容詞”常用來表達(dá)被陳述對(duì)象行為反常(暫時(shí)的特點(diǎn)或表現(xiàn))以及說話人的驚訝、不滿、責(zé)備等情緒。如：
Donald is being so quiet: I wonder what he is up to.唐納德竟這樣安靜，我不知道他在搞什么鬼。
Everyone thinks that our boss is being particularly generous.我們所有人都覺得老板這次格外慷慨。
3 The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.客人們很快就要到了，克菜爾讓托尼結(jié)束了當(dāng)晚的工作。
過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)由“主語+ would (should+be+ doing”構(gòu)成，可以表示在過去某一時(shí)問之后即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示在過去將來的某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。主要用于賓語從句中，尤其多用于間接引語中。如：
Tom hurried to tell us that the president would be arrivng at any moment.湯姆匆忙走來告訴大家，主席隨時(shí)會(huì)到。
George asked Betty what she would be doing at ten o' clock the next day.喬治問貝蒂她第二天十點(diǎn)會(huì)在干什么。
dismiss的意思是“把某人打發(fā)走；遣散；解散”，相當(dāng)于 send somebody away和 allow somebody to leave。如：
After the opening ceremony，the students were dismissed.開幕式后學(xué)生就解散了。
For some unknown reason, Miss Zeng dismissed the class five minutes earlier than usua.不知什么原因，曾老師比平常提前了五分鐘下課。
dismiss還有“將……免職；解雇；開除”的意思。dismiss somebody [from a position]相當(dāng)于remove somebody from a position。如：
The lawyer hoped to meet the workers who had been unfairly dismissed.律師希望會(huì)見被無理解雇的工人。

3 How do you think this story will end? Work in groups and come up with an ending Then listen to the rest of the story. How different is it from your ending?

4 Claire's feelings towards Tony changed as the story developed. Review the story, and then complete the chart.

5 Complete the diagram with the similarities and differences between Tony and a human being. Then use the words in the boxes to describe the similarities and differences.
Comparison
the same as similar to
similarly more like
just as in comparison
in the same way
Contrast
different from but
while whereas
althouch however
on the other hand
in contrast

EXAMPLE
A human being’s facia/ expression changes often, whereas Tony’s never changes.
6 Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why？
2 What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Replace the underlined parts with words of similar meanings from the text Rewrite the sentences if necessary.
1 We believe he is a man of absolute honesty, and trust his words completely.
2 Henry told me that he was in a hurry as he had arranged to see the dentist at 10:00 a.m.
3 Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s sel-respect into pieces. We should be aware of this and not spread unkind news around.
4 Because of the holiday. the students were allowed to go home early.
5 Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent unti proven otherwise.
2 Match each word with the proper definition below.
1 income A money that someone is paid regularly, usually monthly, by the organisation he or she is working for
2 fee B money given for work done, goods received, etc
3 fare C money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
4 payment D extra amount of money added to somebody’s wages as a reward for hard work or good performance
5 salary E money received from work, investments and so on.
6 bonus F money paid to a professional person or organisation for advice or services
7saving G money paid for a journey on public transport, such as the bus, train,or taxi
8 wage H money saved for a special purpose
3 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then in pairs share your opinion on Al development.

it would not be surprising if we found it diffcult to distnguish between reality and_______in the future. For example, robots first appeared in sc-if novels, but now robot soldiers have already been_______in war. Robot experts have also built robots that can see, talk, and do other things like humans. Although a robot that looks_______a human than a machine could make many people a bit uncomfortable, we have to admit that it is a_______possibilty. Sophia, curently said to be the most advanced Al robot in the world, is a grea example. She has been interviewed many times, appeared on the covers of magazines and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which Al defeated humans in so many games that Al researchers say that it will not be long before Al can win at almost everything. So have we lost the_______of being the most intelligent creature? Maybe in the future, as Al becomes even more_______,it will become a major threat to humans. However, some people_________this fear. They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating, thinking, and“being human”.
Review useful structures
1 Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
2 Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
1 What is done cannot_____(undo)
2 Janet_______chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should_______to the cake mix. (add)
4 A3000-seat venue_______for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency_________since this new software was adopted.(improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage_______for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to_______to address this international Al conference (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary________at the meeting.(discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to________to a top university. (admit)
3 Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.

Science fiction________by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and______.The Three-body Problem,_______by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was frst published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume______into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The bool______many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
The Three-body Problem begins with the stores of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao, Ye______to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which_______to contact alien ife forms. In the other story, set 20 years later. Wang Miao______in a popular online game called"Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game-it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories______?And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to______when you go on reading.
Using Language
Voice your opinions on robots and Al
1 Look at the pictures and discuss the questions in pairs.
1 What jobs are these robots doing? What are the pros and cons of robots doing these jobs?
2 What kinds of robots or Al developments do you hope for？

2 Listen to an interview and put these statements in the correct order.
______The host introduces the guest, a sci-fi expert.
______The expert has robots in his home.
______As robots become more intelligent, they may also become more dangerous.
______The host mentions Asmov's Three Laws of Robotics.
_______The expert says robots will have occupations such as teaching and nursing.
_______The line between humans and robots will be more blurred in the future.
_______The host asks about benefits and problems.
_______The host asks if there are robots in the expert’s home.
________In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
3 Listen to the interview again and write down the discourse markers that you hear. Make a note of how each discourse marker is used in the interview. Then compare your answers with a partner.

4 In groups, discuss what the expert thinks of the questions and exchange your own views. You may use the following expressions to help you.
Changing the topic

1 What do you know about robot technology? What can robots do?
2 What benefits do you think robots or A will bring? Do you think they will cause problems as well？
3 Do you know anything about Isaac Asimov and his famous Three Laws of Robotics? What do you think of these laws?

4 THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS機(jī)器人三定律
艾薩克·阿西莫夫提出了“機(jī)器人三定律”。這三定律是：
一、機(jī)器人不能傷害人類，或因不作為(巖手旁觀)使人類受到傷害；
二、機(jī)器人必須服從人類的命令，除非這些命令與第一定律相抵觸；
三、在不違背第一、第二定律的前提下，機(jī)人必須保護(hù)自己不受傷害。
阿西莫夫于1942年在短篇科幻小說中提出了“機(jī)器人三定律”，當(dāng)時(shí)世界上還沒有出現(xiàn)機(jī)器人?！皺C(jī)器人三定律”對(duì)科幻創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了較大的影響，此后涌現(xiàn)出了一系列以機(jī)器人為題材的科幻小說。

EXAMPLE
A: On, by the way, I saw a programme about robot doctors last night. It was very interesting Do you think robots will do more of these important jobs in the future?
B: Certainly. They will probably do most of our labour for us.
C: Maybe, but that’s beside the point. in my opinion, robots are dangerous! They are much stronger than we are and may be superior to us in the future.
Using Language
Write a sci-fi short story
1 In groups, discuss what you would do if you could time travel.
2 The Time Machine was written in 1895 by famous science fiction writer H.G.Wells. Read an extract from this story, and find out how many times the Time Traveller started the machine.


5 THE TIME MACHINE《時(shí)間機(jī)器》
《時(shí)間機(jī)器）是英國(guó)作家伯特?喬治?威爾斯(Herbert George Wells)創(chuàng)作的中篇小說，首次出版于1895年。該書講述時(shí)間旅行者發(fā)明了一種機(jī)器，能夠任意馳騁于過去和未來。小說被多次改編成電影和電視，并衍生出許多漫畫作品?！稌r(shí)間機(jī)器》也啟發(fā)了一大批同類題材的科幻作品。
威爾斯(1886—1946)，英國(guó)作家，一生創(chuàng)作了許多部作品。其中，科幻小說《莫洛博士島》《隱身人》《星際戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》等影響較大。
6 Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still.第二天夜晚降臨，接著又躍進(jìn)到白天。如此反復(fù)，越來越快。
still用作副詞，可修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)，表示程度，意為“更；愈”。如：
After careful revsion. the report was better still.經(jīng)過細(xì)心修改，報(bào)告更好了。
Mark’s company is hoping to expand its market share in China still further.馬克的公司期進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大在中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)份額。

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 How does the Time Traveller first know he has travelled through time?
2 How does the Time Traveller feel when travelling through time? What rhetorical devices does the writer use to descrbe his feelings?
3 Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine?
4 Where does the Time Machine arrive when the man finally stops it?
4 Work in groups. Discuss what might happen next in the story. Use the following questions to help you and make brief notes. Then present your story to the class.
·What date do you think it is when the Time Traveller finally stops?
·What do you think is different about that time from the time he left?
·Who or what do you think the Time Traveller will meet?
·What adventures do you think he will have in the future?
·Do you think he will ever retum to his own time?
5 Imagine and write your own story about a time machine you will inver，and your journey through time. Use the story and the guide below to help you.
1 Think about what your machine will look like. ls lt a vehicle or
a machine?
2 How does your time machine work? What do you have to do to make it work?
3 What period in time do you want to travel to? Think about interesting things and people you would like to see there.
4 Imagine what it might feel like to travel through time. Think
of words to describe this and make your story as vivid as possible.
5 lnclude retorica devices in your story, like metaphors, similes,
overstatements, etc.
6 Exchange your draft with a partner and revise the draft using your partner’s comments.
7 Share your story with the rest of the class.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 Batteries are not alowed by airlines in checked luggage, as they might______due to overeating.
2 The new generation of smartphones is greatly_______older version.
3 Since I don't have much time. I need to_______how long it will take me to do the task.
4 Ordered by its master. the Al dog______the book from the bookshelf.
5 I was so pleased to hear the bell ring and our teacher announce, “Class is________.”
6 The company has to_______the space exploration proect due to financial problems.
7 City people are experiencing increasing psychological pressure as a result of a faster_______of life and rising competition.
8 At one time or another, each of us probably_______break the routine of daly life and try something new.
2 Read and complete the following sentences with appropriate forms of the words in brackets. Then think about why the passive voice is used in these sentences.
1 Mobile phones must______during the concert (switch off)
2 When I came here at this time last year, the conference hall_______.(build)
3 Topics like life in the future, Al development, and aliens______in sci-fi. (often found)
4 Do you know which country_______by Italy, Austria, Germany, and France? (border)
5 Continuous research_________on smart schools, smart homes, and smart cities.(conduct)
6 It should______that the result of your examinations will not______.(publicise)
7 It_______that more species wil become extinct if we continue to destroy the ecosystem. (assume)
8 All members of the audience should_______smartly, and the wearing of slippers________in the concert hall. (dress; not allow)

*Project: Design a robot or an Al device
1 In groups, do some research about robots or Al devices in sci-fi films and novels, and write a list of as many robot characters or Al devices as you can think of. Use the Internet to help you.


2 Make a table like the one below and fill in the parts for different robot characters and Al devices on your list.

3 Create your own robot character or Al device. Consider the following questions and make notes.
1 What is your robot or Al device called? Why?
2 What does it look like? Why?
3 What can your robot or Al device do? Why and how?
4 Does it have a personality or specific function? If so, what is it like?
5 What makes your robot or Al device unique?
4 Prepare your design for submission to a science fair using the following guidelines.
·Design a poster or slide presentation showing your creation including a name, title, and pictures of your robot or Al device.
·Write a description of the robot or Al device.
·Make a presentation using your poster or slides.
* Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Look at the photos from the video and discuss the questions in groups.

1 What do you think these patterns represent?
2 Who or what do you think made these patterns and how?
WHILE YOU WATCH
Answer these questions.
1 Who do some people think the circles are made by?
2 Why did Mr Presley decide to find out more about the circle？
3 Where were other types of circles found?
4 Why do Matthew and his team like making crop circles?
5 What does Matthew think some people use the crop circles for?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Do you believe crop circles are all made by humans or by aliens? What do you think the crop circles represent?
2 What kind of crop circle would you create? Discuss and decide on its appearance and meaning. Draw it on a large sheet of paper. Then present it to the rest of the class.



Unit 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS

Whatever makes an impression on the heart seems lovely in the eye.
——Saodi
In this unit, you will
1 read about iconic attractions in different places.
2 hear and talk about what best represents a place.
3 write a description of an iconic animal.
4 learn more about iconic attractions in a city or town.
Look and discuss
1 What do you know about the place in the photo?
2 What are your impressions of this place?
3 Do you know of any other iconic attractions in the world?
Reading and Thinking
Experience the iconic features of Australia
1 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
1 What is the first thing you think of when you think about Australia?
2 What is your impression of Australia based on your experience and/or what you have seen in the media?
2 Skim the text. Match the blog entries to the subheadings. Write the blog entry numbers in the blanks. Two are extra.
______ The foundation of Australia
______Reflections on multiculturalism
______Political divisions
______First impressions
______preparing to travel
______Aborigines and the didgeridoo



1 Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as“down under”。(澳大利亞)位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多國(guó)家的下方，它常被非正式地稱為“down under”。
文中down under的字面意思是“底下”，是澳大利亞的一個(gè)非正式的別稱。 down under還可以指新西蘭。在實(shí)際使用中， down under還可以用大寫，即Down Under。
2 The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.另一方面，受亞洲文化的影響，除了靈感源自中國(guó)的點(diǎn)心等澳大利亞版的食物以外，還引入了豆腐和(用于調(diào)味的)亞洲藥草。
在文中，dim sim特指靈感源自中國(guó)的、澳大利亞版的點(diǎn)心，通常有肉和蔬菜餡，類似于餃子、烹任方式主要是炸或蒸。如果拼寫成 dim sum,就是通常意義上的中式(尤指廣式)點(diǎn)心或茶點(diǎn)。
3 Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.他們絕大多數(shù)的樂器其實(shí)就是地上找到的樹枝，其中就有一種令人驚嘆的、叫作迪吉里杜管的樂器。
迪吉里杜管，又譯作“狄潔里都號(hào)角”，是澳大利亞土著部落的傳統(tǒng)樂器，也是世界上最古老的樂器之一。它實(shí)際上是一根內(nèi)部被白蟻蛀成空心的枝干。演奏者在使用該樂器時(shí)通過嘴唇的動(dòng)和循環(huán)換氣的技巧，能夠制造出獨(dú)特的回響效果。迪吉里杜管已經(jīng)成為土著人文化藝術(shù)的瑰寶，從某種意義上來說，也已經(jīng)成為澳大利亞文化的一個(gè)象征。


3 Read the text again and take notes. Then use your notes to answer the following questions.
1 What does“down under”mean?
2 How has Australian cuisine been influenced by different cultures? Give two examples.
3 What is the main theme reflected in Aborginal music and why?
4 What are the writer's first and biggest impressions of Australia? Why?
4 Did you find your notes helpful? Discuss how your notes can be improved.
5 Work in groups. Discuss what iconic Chinese attractions you would like to introduce to a foreigner and explain why.
Learning About Lanquaqe
Build up your vocabulary
1 Write down the word that matches each definition. Make a sentence with each word.
1________an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles.
2________an outdoor meal with food cooked on a metal frame over a fire
3________a plant that is used to improve the taste of food, or to make medicine
4_________someone who owns or works in a shop that sels meat
5_________the establishing of a new institution or organisation
2 Read the following pairs of sentences and find out which underlined word has the same meaning as the one used in the reading text.
1 A The partners agreed to make a joint effort to meet the project deadlines.
B There are many burger joints in Bondi Beach one of Australia’s most famous tourist spots.
2 A The premier of the Australian govemment is called the Prime Minister.
B The Sydney Opera House is a performing arts centre in Sydney. It is one of the 20th century’s premier buildings.
3 A Australian Engish is particular different from other types of English in its pronunciation, so it is rather straightforward to recognise an Australian accent.

B Many Austraians have a straightforward approach to life.
4 A A minority of frogs in the forest are poisonous, and locals extract the poison to use on the tips of their arrows.
B Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
3 Read an advertisement on Thailand's iconic attractions. Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Thailand s a premer holiday destination, attracting tourists from all over the word. Consisting of 76 provinces that________(stretch) all the way down to Malaysia in the south, the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway. A major attraction of Thailand is its amazing selection of islands, each with long sandy beaches and dear be water. Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many actities,_______(include)diving, kayaking, and rock climbing. Finding the islands is not________(complicate), and there are a variety of islands to suit all tastes. Be careful，however, not to go to popular islands during peak season, unless you want to_______(wrestle) with other tourists! Many tourists also enjoy visiting Chiang Mai to see the beautiful elephants, the national animal and proud________(iconic) of Thailand. Unfortunately,
elephants are_______(endanger) in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. Visitors can see these________(amaze)creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.
Review useful structures
1 Work in groups and read the text again to find as many examples of past participles as possible. Then discuss whether each past participle functions as an attribute, adverbial, predicative, or object complement.
EXAMPLE
Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it is often informally referred to as “down under”.(located/adverbial)

2 Fill in the blanks with the help of the beginning letters. Then rewrite the sentences without using past participles and recognise the difference.
1 D_________into 32 counties, Ireland brings in hundreds of thousands of visitors each year due to its golf tourism.
2 Cuba is just south of America, s______from it only by the Straits of Florida. It is a country K_______for its exciting music and dancing.
3 With many parts of the world not m______yet, researchers have begun a proect that involves traveling around the world and taking sample photographs.
4 I______by the first European setters to Australia, the Sunday roast is now considered typical Australian food.
5 E________to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
6 I______by Chinese culture, many capital cities now have Chinatowns which are in themselves popular tourist attractions.
3 Below is a passage about the history of the Eiffel Tower before it was considered an iconic attraction. The text contains quite a few verb form mistakes. Correct the mistakes on your own. Then compare your corrections with a partner.

Using Language
Discuss what best represents a place
1 What do you know about New Zealand? Do some research to find out more about the following Which attracts you the most?

2 Listen to a radio programme called Amazing New Zealand. Three speakers are talking about what they believe to best represent New Zealand. Match the speakers with their jobs and their choices.
Dave Edmonds
Felicity James
Jane Smith

writer of the Fantastic Life blog
business journalist
editor of Word Nature magazine
the geothermal parks
the New Zealand experience
the Bay of Islands
3 Listen again and take notes. List the reasons given by the speakers why these three things best represent New Zealand.

4 How do the speakers sum up their opinions?
Complete their sentences with the words you hear.
1______，the Bay of Islands is really what best represents New Zealand.
2_______，the places that best represent New Zealand are the geothermal parks.
3________，I would like to suggest that tourists not just visit iconic places in New Zealand-they should experience its culture.
5 In groups, discuss what best represents China. Brainstorm the following topics and take notes.
·the cultural centre
·the centre(s) of various cuisines
·the best place to see nature
·the most diverse region
·the economc centre
·the music centre
·the best place to experence history
·the place with the best quality of life
6 Choose one place to give a presentation on. Use the expressions below to help you.
Describing special features of a place

Describe an iconic animal
1 Read the text and then answer the questions on page 21.

Using Language



4 They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.大約七八個(gè)月大之前，它們一直待在那個(gè)暫時(shí)受保護(hù)的環(huán)境里睡覺和吃奶。
until用來表示在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間之前，謂語的動(dòng)作一直在延續(xù)。因此，until并不總是用于not…until…的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如果謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，就直接用until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語；如果動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用not…until。
【思考】試比較下面兩組句子，并將其譯成漢語。
He wated unt she had fnighod all hor work.
He dion't eave until she had finished al her work.
He kept knocking on the door until his wife let him in.
He didn’t stop knocking on the door until his wife let him in.
5 The noise they make could wake the dead.它們發(fā)出的聲音可以吵醒死人。
wake the dead在這句話中是一種夸張的修辭手法，可以讓讀者對(duì)聲音之大有更鮮明的印象。英語中還有很多使用夸張手法的表達(dá)。如：
She wept oceans of tear.s她淚如泉涌。
The money was spent in the blink of an eye.一眨眼的工夫，錢就花完了。
I have given my last ounce of strength to my work.我對(duì)我的工作已竭盡全力了。
Look at the floor! Mountains of rubbish have been thrown there.看看地板！扔的垃圾都堆成山了。
在上面的句子中， oceans of tears, n the blink of an eye, last ounce of strength、 mountains ot
ubon都是夸張的表達(dá)方式，目的是使句子的表達(dá)更形象，更有感染力
6 There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!世界上只有很少的動(dòng)物可以那樣做！
handful用來表示“一把(的量)；用手抓起的數(shù)量：少數(shù)人(或物)。如：
a handful of coins一把硬幣 a handful of rice一把米
City kids can probably see only a handful of stars.城里的孩子可能只能看到很少的星星。
He published nothing except a handful of short stories.除了為數(shù)不多的幾篇短篇小說，他沒發(fā)表過什么東西。
There were only a handful of people present at yesterday' s meeting.昨天的會(huì)議只有幾個(gè)人出席。

1 When do baby kangaroos begin to spend less time with their mothers？
2 Why shouldn't you try to pet a wild kangaroo?
3 What do koalas spend most of their time doing?
4 Why has the government made it against the law to handle koalas?
5 What two things about Tasmanian devils can bother people most?
6 What do Tasmanian devils like to eat?
7 What makes the way duck-billed platypuses give birth so different from other mammals?
8 What is the unique way used by duck-biled platypuses to find food?
2 Read the text again. How does the writer describe these animals? Find at least three rhetorical devices the writer uses to arouse the reader’s interest.
3 Write a description of an iconic animal in China.
1 In groups, brainstorm a list of four conic animals.
2 Do some research and make notes. For example:
·where they live
·what they eat
·what they look like
·how they are different from other animals
·how they interact with people
·any other unusual or interesting facts about them
3 Using your notes, write a description of one of these animals. Remember to use some rhetorical devices to make your writing vivid and interesting.
4 Exchange your draft with a partner. See whether the writer does a good job of describing the animal. Take your draft back and revise it using your partner’s comments.
5 Present your description to the rest of your class.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 The iconic Beijing National Stadium，also known as the"Birds Nest", has a____________of 80,000.
2 Special tiger reserves with fences have greatly improved the_________of the wild tiger population across India, and local police are now entitled to give longer prison sentences to hunters.
3The______of the boat trips between the islands falls greatly in bad weather when stormy waves make such journeys especially difficult.
4 The largest native bird of Australia is the emu. Male emus are good fathers-after their babies are_________.they take care of them until they are nine months old.
5________are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine.
6__________tornado storms have been known to cause severe damage in America's famous“Tornado Alley” area.

2 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then reorder these sentences to make a passage. Find out the link between the Grand Bazaar and the Silk Road.
_____A_______(construct)as part of a larger political plan, the market was established to improve the city’s overall economy and prosperity.
_____B By the 17th century，the two markets and their surrounding areas had joined together to create a giant market that became an important part of the Sik Road,_______(link) Europe to Asia.
_____C As for the future,_______(inspire)by its own history. the Grand Bazaar(大巴扎集市)is stil growing, with many shops opening nearby, offering cheaper prices that attract even the locals.
______D Today. the Grand Bazaar is extremely iconic._______(mix) Turkey's glorious trade history with its special brand of modern cultural tourism.
_______E At first, the Grand Bazaar_______(sell)mostly textiles, but it soon expanded into seing books jewellery, furniture, food and a lot more.
_______F The market that was originally buit was quite small in comparison to today’s Grand Bazaar. Some years later, another market_______(open) nearby.
_______G The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history_______(date) back to1455.

*Project: Introduce an iconic attraction in your city or town
1 In groups, brainstorm the kinds of things that people would most like to experience when they travel to a new place. Examples include:

Apart from these, what other kinds of things can you think of?
2 Do some research and come up with three iconic attractions that may best represent your city or town. Think about what people can experience there.
3 In groups, compare your lists. Discuss which attractions are the most impressive and representative, and come up with a final list of the top three.
4 Each of you should write about one attraction from the list and explain why it is worth visiting.
EXAMPLE

5 Give a presentation in class to introduce the city or town. You could even include a video of the attraction.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Match the following things.
1 Aborigines A “Alice”
2 an Aboriginal group in Alice Springs B good tucker
3 good food C billy cans
4 what the women are carying on their heads in the race
D indigenous groups
5 what a tourist decides to name her animal sculpture
E indigenous groups
6 white people F the Aranda people
WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Circle the best words to complete the sentences below.
1 lndependent/indigenous groups from across Australia's desert centre have come to share with one another on the sacred/secret grounds of the Aranda people in Alice Springs.
2 They might be using billy cans instead of wooden bones/bowls but the activities are helping keep alive traditions which might otherwise be skiing/sipping.
3 It's presenting an alternative picture of a national hstory/ story which can look very apparen/different for black and white Australians.
4 That's what we are trying to do with this festival-bring non indigenous people to us. hear/share our culture with them, and our history, in the hope that they feel ike that part of the nation’s history is part of their own aignity/identity.
5 As night falls in the small object/pocket in the heart of Australia, people have been brought closer together, at least for a few days/in a few ways.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in pairs.
1 Why do you think this festival is important to Aborigines? What about non-indigenous people?
2 What interested you most in the video? Why?
3 What opportunities do you have to experience and ea about different cultures in China?

Unit 3 EXPLORATLON
They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development.
-Xi Jinping
In this unit, you will
1 read about sea exploration in the past and now.
2 hear and talk about protecting life in the sea.
3 write an argumentative essay about sea exploration.
4 Appreciate the sea through poetry.
Look and discuss
1 What do you think of when you see the photo?
2 What sea animals and plants do you know?
3 What words would you use to describe the sea?
Reading and Thinking
Learn about sea exploration
1 Do you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.
2 Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.

REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA



1 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East，and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.在古代，中國(guó)絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運(yùn)到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。
句中的 what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，相當(dāng)于along the road which became known as the" Silk Road"(what等同于the road which)。如：
After what seemed a long time, the old man finally woke up.許久之后，老人終于醒過來了。
2 Du Huan' s Record of My Travels杜環(huán)的《經(jīng)行記》
杜環(huán)，中國(guó)唐代旅行家。天寶十年(公元751年)，他在怛羅斯域(今哈薩克斯坦塔拉茲城附近)與大食(阿拉伯帝國(guó))軍作戰(zhàn)時(shí)被俘。其后，他游歷非洲，成為第一個(gè)到過非洲并有著作的中國(guó)人。公元762年，杜環(huán)乘船回國(guó)，著有《經(jīng)行記》，可惜已失傳，只有杜佑的《通典》引用此書，有1500余字保留至今?！督?jīng)行記》是記錄八世紀(jì)中葉中外經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流及西亞和中亞風(fēng)土人情的珍貴資料。
3 These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.這些船隊(duì)在當(dāng)時(shí)為壯觀，獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。
behold意為“目睹；看見”。 a sight to behold 意思是“壯觀的景象”。類似的表達(dá)還有a joy/peasure/wonder to behold。如：
The beauty of the mountain village is a pleasure to behold.山村之美讓人賞心悅目。
The Great Wall is a wonder to behold.長(zhǎng)城看上去令人驚嘆。
be in a league of one's own的意思相當(dāng)于 be much better than the rest。如：
As a dancer,she' s always been in a league of her own.作為舞者，她始終技?jí)喝悍肌?br /> When it comes to spoken English，I' m not in her league(= she is much better than me).說到英語口語，我遠(yuǎn)不如她。
【思考】1eague表示“水平；等級(jí)”時(shí)，常見的搭配還有out of one's league。你能猜出下面這句話的意思嗎？
This house costs too much and is way out of my league.
4 The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt
and Road Initiative.隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。
revisit在句中作“重提”解，也有“再訪；重游”的意思。如：
This proposal is worth revisiting at a later date.這個(gè)提案值得以后進(jìn)一步探討。
Hangzhou is a city which many people would like to revisit.杭州是一個(gè)很多人愿意再次游覽的城市。

3 Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
4 Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.

5 In groups, discuss the following questions Make notes under two columns Facts and Opinions.
·Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why?
·What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this?
·What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world?
·What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.
1________an imaginary story or an exciting description of an event
2________related to the king or queen of a country
3________to reach an agreement by discussion
4________to stop taking part in an activity
5________to make something longer or larg
6________a connection between people
7________a level of quality, ability, etc.
8________a deep passage of water used as a route for ships
Choose the appropriate words from above to complete the following sentences.
1 Their common experience created a strong________between them.
2 As a major figure in British politics, Churchill was in a________of his own.
3 The deadline has been_______by two days.
4 I'm reading a book about folk________and ancient legends.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.

1 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything____________.
2 Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whose rocky coastline and long golden beaches were______________.
3 The tennis player_____________several tournaments due to injury.
4 With lots of food and drink______________,they set off for their picnic.
3 Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese adventurer, made the first voyage around the world. On 14 June 2008, nearly 500 years later, a 16-year-old American boy, Zac Sunderland,__________on a similar joumey. After 13 month, he returned with a new word record: the youngest person ever to sail around the world.
Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four, which________of his success. As a child. Zac read a book about Robin Lee Graham who had sailed around the world alone as a teenager in 1965. Zac was greatly inspired by Graham’s___________After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans for his journey. Using his own money, Zac bought a boat and set off.
________is often a mixture of danger and__________.Zac had to_________through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey. It was boring to stay on a boat all day, so Zac read lots of books! He also emailed his family using his laptop, telling them
about his experences around the world.
When the journey ended, Zac's adventure received widespread media coverage. At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. in his opinion, there's so much that people can achieve with the right_________and ambition.Just go for it!
Review useful structures
1 Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.

2 Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
EXAMPLE
It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer
It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer. (S)
1 He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition.
2 The storm/seems/be getting closer
3 Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world
4 The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conficts.
5 The crowd/stood/applaud/scentists/for their important ocean research work
6 It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less
7 The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater.
8 It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work.
3 Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next?
far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as gass, lives the Sea King The ocean is too deep________(measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare_______(see) the most unique flowers and plants_______(dance)in the fast-moving water. ln the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof______(form)of beautiful shells.The mother of the king, a wise woman who is Proud_______(be) born into the royal Family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the Prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rowe-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail ust like her sisters. The most common way for Princesses________(play)all day long15______(swim)in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish_______(swim)up to their hands through the windows. They secm______(not worry)about anthing,except for the youngest,who…
Using Language
Get to know about whales and other sea animals
1 Read the poster below and discuss the questions.
1 What aspect of the camp would you like best?
2 Do you think it is Important to carry out research on whales and other sea creatures?

2 Listen to the head researcher talking to the campers at the end of the day. What three things were the campers asked to do?

1___________________________________
2___________________________________
3____________________________________
3 Listen to Lukes part of the conversation again. Number the following sentences in the correct order. Then work out what they have done at the camp.
After that, we gave the group of whales a name, and each member a number.
They will be added to the directory so we can identify them in the future.
Most whales have slightly different fins and marks, which can help us to tell them apart.
Meanwhile, we also noted their location, so we can track their movements and plot their migration path.
Then we took pictures of their fins.
Finally, we contacted other whale research groups around the world to share the information with them.
First,we followed a group of whales with the boat.
Later,we created a database of their fins and locations.
4 Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions.
1 How many species of whales are there?
2 What is the criterion to divide the main types of whales?
3 What do whales use sounds for?
4 Why do the campers take pictures of the whale’s fins?
5 Why do they contact other research groups?
5 Some of the students could not make it to the camp. Imagine you were there.Tell your partner about what happened, using the expressions in the box below. Your partner can also ask questions to find out more about what happened.
Expressing sequence

EXAMPLE
A: Today we learnt about whales and whale research. First, we found some information and facts about whales. We used the library and the Intemet.
B: What did you do after that?
…
6 Watch the video Protecting Biodiversity, and then discuss what other sea animals you would like to see. Talk with your partner and make a plan for a trip to see the animals. Your plan should include activities you would like to do.

Using Language
Express your opinions on sea exploration
1 Read the two texts below and find the arguments and evidence in them.

2 Look at the two charts below and decide which one supports which text.

3 In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
1 What is your opinion about sea xploration? Do you agree with one argument more tha the other?
2 Has your opinion changed after reading the two texts? Why or why not?
3 Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are important?
4 Based on your note, write an argumentative essay on sea exploration, expressing your opinions with supporting facts.
1 The folowing questions may help you.
·What is the purpose of sea exploration?
·How does sea exploration help us to protect the sea?
·How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea?
·Is there a good balance between protection and exploitation?
2 Use the PEEL method to help structure your argument.
Point What point do you want to make?
Evidence What facts and examples can you find to support your point? How reliable are the sources?
Explanation Explain how the facts support your opinion and show other opinions to be incorrect.
Link Connect this point to the next point, or back to the main point of the essay or paragraph.
3 Write your draft and exchange it with a partner.
4 Get your feedback and revise your draft.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 After finishing his workout, he updated his fitness________.
2 In the fnal match. his_______ will be stronger and more experienced.
3 In a classical music concert. the audience_________politely at the end of the performance.
4 I couldn’t find your name in the telephone________.
5 A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the________.
2 Complete the passage below with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. What do you think happened to the son?
Have you ever seen a seal? It has a round belly with a thick skin_______(Keep)itself warm. Its big eyes seem________(be) those of an innocent child. when wou look into its eyes, you may feel closely______(connect) to it.
Actualy, People in ancient times did believe seals and human beings________(be)the same. As legend has it, an old couple by the sea once heard a baby______(cry). They hurried to the water only_____(find) a baby seal there. They took it back home, fed it, and raised it as their son. Gradually, the baby seal grew up,________(look) just like a human being, The old couple allowed him_______(go)anywhere except near the sea. The son loved his parents so much that he promised________(not swim).
One day, the father went________(fish)out at sea, when the weather suddenly changed. The ship struggled on the stormy sea,______(rolb) with each heavy wave. His wife watched the homble scene,______(cry) hopelessly. All of a sudden, the son jumped into the wild sea______(save)his father.He swam as fast as Iightning, just like a seall finally, the father was pushed to the shore alive, but this old couple never saw their son again.

*Project: Create a poster for World Oceans Day

1 Pick a theme you want the day to be about.
Surf the Intemet for stores about the sea to inspire you. You can pick a serious issue, or you can focus on a theme to show people how amazing the sea is.

2 Research your theme.
Find out as much about your theme as you can. Use the Internet and your school library.
3 Come up with a short slogan for your theme.
Choose a short, catchy title. You can also think of ways to promote your theme on social media.
4 Brainstorm ideas for the design of your poster and what to include.
What do you want it to look like? What design would be most effective? What information do you want to include? What images do you want to use?
5 Create an event that will take place on the day.
Give a time and date for the event, and some details of what will happen.

6 Put everything together to complete your poster. Then give a short presentation to the class.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Look at the pictures from the video below. What do you think these people are doing?

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Circle the best words to complete the sentences below.
1 The sea covers over/under two-thirds of our planet.
2 Kexue is regarded as a moving laboratory/factory on the sea.
3 The LOCAS is the institute/initiative of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Scientists.
4 The Faxian vehicle has surveyed more than 3.000/400 sites and has collected 3/3, 000tons of geological samples.
3 Answer the following questions.
1 When was Kexue first put into operation?
2 What is the function of Faxian?
3 What did lOCAS conduct research on the Western Pacific Ocean System for?
4 Why is marine science important for China today?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in pairs.
1 Human beings have explored less than 5% of the worla's oceans. Why do you think we have explored so little of the oceans so far?
2 What do you think is the difference between Zheng He's voyage 600 years ago and China's sea exploration today?
Unit 4 SHARING

As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself. the other for helping others.
-Sam Levenson
In this unit, you will
1 read about volunteering in Papua New Guinea.
2 hear and talk about types of volunteering and organisations
3 give a speech about China's aid to other countries
4 learn about volunteers at home and abroad.

Look and discuss
1 What do you think is happening in the photo?
2 Think about the things you do to help other people, Write them down and share with your partner.
3 Share your experiences as a volunteer, if you have any.
Reading and Thinking
Help the needy
1 A young Australian, Jo, worked for two years as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea. What challenges do you think she might have faced?
2 Read the blog entries by Jo. As you read. underline the parts of the text you read slowly. Then compare your reading pace with a partner.



1 There's no electricity or running water and not even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!那兒沒有電，沒有自來水，基至沒有課本，更別提筆記本電腦、平板電腦或者別的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備！
not to mention意為“更不必說”。如：
There is not enough water, not to mention food.水都不夠，更不必說食物了。
He is not only intelligent but also considergte, not to mention(that he is)very handsome.他既聰明又體貼人，更不用說他還很英俊。
2 It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.和湯貝一家人度過了一天，真是榮幸。
這里的 to have done,是動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞之前。如：
He seemed to have been told the truth.他看起來已經(jīng)得知真相了。(to have been told表示被告訴真相發(fā)生于動(dòng)詞seem之前，相當(dāng)于 lt seemed that he had been told the truth.)
There is no need to have bought such a big house.沒有必要買那么大的房子。(to have bought表示房子已經(jīng)買了)
I happened to have read that book before.我碰巧以前讀過那本書。(to have read表示之前就已經(jīng)讀過那本書了)

3 Answer the following questions.
1 What do you think“the bush”means?
2 What has been Jo's most challenging subject to teach? Why?
3 What did Jo notice about the homes in the village she visited?
4 What did Jo notice after the meal?
5 What is Jo’s general impression of the place and people there?
4 Analyse Jo's impressions of life in the village she visited.

5 In groups, discuss these questions.
1 Jo felt it was a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family, if you were o, how do you think you would have felt? Why?
2 What are the differences between the school you go to and the one described in the passage?
3 Would you like to become a volunteer teacher? Why or why not?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabular
1 Complete the word puzzle with words from the blog entries. Can you find the hidden message?

Hidden message:_____________
2 Xu Yuan is a volunteer in Ghana. What does she think of the country and experience? Complete the passage with the words below.

Xu Yuan, a 52-year-old Chinese volunteer in Ghana, was interviewed on a TV programme. According to Xu, the________ conditions in Ghana are not that bad. However. she admitted that she once had a memorable experience plugging holes in her roof in order to keep the rain out. Xu said "Actually, I don’t really care about my living conditions. The only thing that has made me uncomfortable has been the________of hot water. ”She regrets not bringing a_______to Ghana to boil the water she needs. Some of the medicine she has broucht with her works better with hot water. But any discomfort is______to helping the needy. She believes. Xu enjoys her volunteer experience and considers it a good opportunity to_________herself out of her comfort zone and to explore the world. "One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. I think everyone deserves to be happy. she said.
3 Divide the following words into groups. Explain how you have grouped them Then add more words to the groups.

4 Imagine you are going to donate three things to poor children in the countryside. What will you donate and why?
Review useful structures
1 Identify the phrases in the following sentences and state their functions. Mark noun phrases as NP, verb phrases VP, adverbial phrases Advp,adjective phrases Adjp, and prepositional phrases PrepP.
EXAMPLE
My serondanschonl is a bush school.
NP(subject)
NP (predicative)
1 I’ve been dying to have some of my favouite sweets, and ts always nice to get mail!
2 The mmture was bubbling out of the test tube spiling everywhere!
3 Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house.
4 He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.
5 Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the gril over the fire.
6 My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
2 Complete the passage with the phrases below in their proper forms.

China has offered_______to many countries in its Belt and Road Initiative. In the Congo,many______ have been transformed into_______since then. Trains run______Europe from China, and to China from Europe, bringing new jobs and opportunities to both ends.Chinese healthcare workers have also been sent to provide aid to places_______.Despite all the diffculties volved in this proect, these efforts have been greeted with_______ support from the locals.
3 Imagine you are an editor of a volunteer website. Add phrases to the following advertisement to make it more exciting.

Using Lanquaqe
Meet student volunteers
1 Have you or someone you know ever worked as a volunteer? Tell your partner about the experience.
2 Listen to the conversation and complete he table below.




3 Listen to the conversation again and then answer the following questions.
1 Why does Tony want to join the meeting for student volunteers?
2 What is the objective of the meeting today?
3 What kind of volunteer work did the students do last year?
4 What kind of volunteer work does Tony's entire school do every year?
5 Who suggests going to the childrens hospital for this years volunteer project
4 Think about the following questions and write down your ideas
1 Do you think students doing volunteer work is of any use? Why or why not
2 n your opinion which s bet ng po ngs me r mon?hy do you think so?
5 In groups, talk about ways to help others
1 What kinds of help do you think people need? How do you think volunteers could help?

2 What kinds of skils and qualities could you offer as a volunteer?

3 Discuss where and how you can help.
·Where would it be possible for you and your classmates to volunteer?
·What kind of volunteer work could you and your classmates do, based on your group's skills and qualities?
Making suggestions

Pronunciation
1 Read the conversation below. Decide which type of stress the words in bold show: 1]strong emotion; 2] emphasis of important information; 3] correction of a mistake; 4]contrast or comparison.
Jessie:Hi Susan! Did you see the animal shelter advertisement? I think it’d be great for our volunteering project!
Susan: Hello, Jessie. Yes, I did see it. 'd love to help out in a shelter. Think of all those cute, little animals!
Jessie: Exactly, and it would also look great on our Cvs. But maybe it's too good to be true…
Susan:Yeah, what if we have to clean out the smelly cages? I'd hate that!
Jessie:Well, we can ask for gloves. How about you clean the outside of the cages, and I'll clean the inside?

Susan:Thanks, Jessie, you're a true friend! Anyway, we should check the timing. Did the ad say Saturday afternoons? I’m usually busy on Saturday afternoons.
Jessie: No, it said on Sundays, and in the mornings. So let’s not just talk about it-let's do it! It's so exciting-do you like cats best, or dogs?
Susan: Oh, hey wait, jessie do you think t matters that l'm allergic to cats? And what if here are snakes?
2 Listen to the conversation and then practise it with a partner.
Using Language
Make a speech about China's aid to other countries
1 Zhan Bingbing took part in an English speech contest. Read the speech transcript and answer the questions on page 45.



3 But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania, a country that has many health problems, and now I am singing a different tune.但是之后我開始聽到她在坦桑尼亞的工作，那里有很多健康問題，(所以)現(xiàn)在我有了不同的看法
sing a different tune意為“對(duì)某事轉(zhuǎn)変論調(diào)或改變看法”。tune是曲調(diào)的意；sing a different tune，字面意思是“唱了一個(gè)不同的曲調(diào)”，用這個(gè)詞組可以很形象地表達(dá)“對(duì)某事有了新的論調(diào)和看法”。如：
They say they’re not worried about money, but once they see how much the new equpment will cost, they’ll be singing a different tune.他們說不擔(dān)心錢的問題，但等他們看到新設(shè)備要花多少錢的時(shí)候，就會(huì)改變說法了。
During the campaign, he promised to close the factories that caused heavy pollution. Now that he has been elected governor, he is singing a dfferent tune about them.在竟選的時(shí)候，他承諾要關(guān)閉污染嚴(yán)重的工廠?，F(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)當(dāng)選為州長(zhǎng)，就開始變卦了。
4 Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania.很多在中國(guó)罕見的危險(xiǎn)疾病在坦桑尼亞是很容易感染上的。
contract在句中是“感染(疾病)的意思。如：
He contracted the flu while he was traveling.他在旅行的時(shí)候感染了流感。
The virus appears to be more easily contracted by humans when they are exposed to diseased birds.接觸過患病禽類的人好像更容易感染上這種病毒。
【思考】你知道contract另ー個(gè)常用的意思嗎？你能看懂下面的句子嗎？
Tony has just signed a three-year contract with a telephone company.
What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract?
5 Today, I want to relay to you that I’m proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it.今天我想告訴你們的是，我為我媽媽所做的工作感到驕傲，我現(xiàn)在也非常支持她的工作。
在句中relay… to someone表示“向某人傳達(dá)……”之意。如：
Please relay the message to the others.請(qǐng)把這條消息轉(zhuǎn)給別人。
As soon as I am updated on what's happened, I will relay it to you all.一旦得知最新情況，我就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)告你們所有人。
【思考】你知道relay的另一個(gè)詞性嗎？在下面的句子中，relay是什么意思呢？
The final event of the meeting was the 4×400 metres relay.

1 What are some examples of the work that Chinese people do to help others overseas?
2 Why was Bingbing upset when her mother went to Tanzania?
3 What are some of the problems people face in Tanzania?
4 What are two things that Bingbing's mother is helping with?
5 Why is this work worth it?
2 Study the features of the speech to answer the questions below.
1 What is the key rhetorical question used in this speech?
2 What is the answer to this rhetorical Question?
3 What does the speaker use to get her message across?
□a case study □a hypothetical example
□a joke □a personal story
□an analysis of the history and causes of the issue □facts and data
4 How did Bingbing's feelings about the topic change, and what caused this change?
5 How does the speech end?
3 Write a speech about China's aid to other countries.
1 n groups, brainstorm a list of possible causes that you could talk about.
2 In pairs, go over the list and discuss these points:
·Which, if any, of the causes do you have a personal connection with?
·What personal story could you tell in relation to that cause?
·How did that affect your opinions on the issue?
·What rhetorical question could you use to begin your speech?
·What is the answer to that rhetorical question?
·What action do you want people to take as a result of your speech?
3 Using what you have discussed, write a short speech.
4 Exchange your draft with a partner and revise the draft using your partners comments.
5 Present your speech and listen to your classmates’ speeches. As a class, vote on the best one.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete a news report using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then make a news headline for it.

_________________________
Many of us have worked as volunteers before. Some have experience as__________. Repairing and maintaining machines. Others are experienced medical workers who have volunteered to help those with_______.This summer, one Chinese volunteer, Liu Fei, will serve as a for AIDS proects in an African country. Liu has never been there, and his impression of the country is that it is developing rapidly, but suffers from much________and violence. Many people there have______AIDS. Liu will work with a local organisation engaging in AIDS prevention. Liu’s path to Africa was long and bumpy. Although he had met the______for the volunteer application, his family was opposed to his choice at first. It took Liu some time to explain the importance of bulding a_______ future for mankind.Ultimately, his family decided to sing the same_______as Liu and respected his right to choose his own path. Liu is looking forward to shanng his knowledge and skills with needy communities. He hopes his_______can make a difference in distant Africa.
2 Expand the following sentences by adding different phrases. Try to make these centences more vivid.

1 The chemist is doing an experiment.
2 A rat is chasing a cat.
3 A train is crossing a bridge.
4 Susan placed the cup on the saucer and swallowed the capsule.
5 I drag myself off the bed.
6 A tree shades the farmer.
7 The president is relaying his ambition to the audience.

*Project: Create a poster for volunteer work
1 Study the posters below.

2 In groups, decide on the volunteer work that you would like to do. Discuss the following questions.
·In what way could you help others?
·How could others participate in your activities?
·What business could you set up to help others?
3 Create a poster to explain more about your volunteer work, and then present it to the class.
4 Take a class vote on the best three posters.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
What kinds of things do you think Most donates to others? Tick the boxes below.

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Answer these questions.
1 How far is the Roma Community Centre from Budapest?
2 How many famiies will be helped by their donations to the Roma Community Centre?
3 How many members does Most currently have?
4 What three things do they plan to do at the refugee centre in Austria?
3 Complete the quotes with words you hear in the video.
1 Domonkos Sera: We feel a lot better if we know that were not just__________we have in Budapest but also_________somewhere else in the country.
2 Mark Takats: We feel it's kind of an obligation to...to help those_______ but that we were.
3 Laci Siroki: It's good to see youngsters from Budapest that feel an obligation to do something in this country, to________and________
4 Jihan: I would like to be involved also in most of the activities they do__________,like going to different_________just to hep poor people.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 What motivates these young people to help others?
2 How do you think ther own ies are changed by heping others
3 ln the video, they are heping the Roma and people at a refugee centre.Are there people like this in your city or town who need help? What can you do to help them?
Unit 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
The future depends on what you do today
—Mahatma Gandhi
In this unit, you will
1 read about how to know yourself better through self-assessment.
2 hear and talk about going to university and deciding on a major.
3 write a letter of application and a CV.
4 learn about how to make the most of the last ummer break of high school.
Look and discuss
1 How would you interprete the picture?
2 What would you like to be in the future? What careers interest you?
3 What factors will you take into consideration when you plan your career?
Reading and Thinking
Get a head start on your future career
1 Before you read, discuss these questions in groups.
1 What are some of the ways that can he po dec whch career is approprate for them?
2 Is it essential that teenagers decide on a career before they become aduits? Why?
2 Skim the text and find the main advice given to readers.


1 This, however, is not always easy. Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.然而，這并不總是那么容易。有些人年輕時(shí)就清楚自己想什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在腦子里晃來晃去。
bouncing around in their heads在句中作定語，修飾名詞ideas。
bounce的本意是“彈起；反彈”, bounce around可指“蹦來蹦去；彈來彈去”，在本句中引申為“(想法在腦子里)晃來晃去”之意。如：
Some impractical ideas kept bouncing around in my head.一些不切實(shí)際的想法在我的腦子里晃來晃去。
When you start the game, you will find a ball bouncing around the screen.當(dāng)你開始玩游戲時(shí)，就會(huì)看到一個(gè)球在屏幕上蹦來蹦去。
【思考】bounce.這個(gè)詞在英語中非常形象，你能看懂下面的句子嗎？
She bounced the littie baby up and down on her knees.
No matter how many times he failed, he was always able to bounce back pretty quicky.
Hearing the doorbell ring，the boy bounced across the room to open the door.
2 career aptitude test 職業(yè)能力似向測(cè)驗(yàn)
職業(yè)能力傾向測(cè)驗(yàn)是能力(傾向)測(cè)驗(yàn)的一種。它通過系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試過程和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)被測(cè)試者的組織管理、社會(huì)交往、個(gè)性特點(diǎn)、職業(yè)傾向、發(fā)展?jié)撃艿榷喾N素質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估。這種測(cè)驗(yàn)旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)被測(cè)試者更感興趣、更有潛力的學(xué)習(xí)或職業(yè)方向，為其在將來學(xué)習(xí)和工作上的選擇提供參考。

3 Read the text again and answer these questions.
1 What is one of the most effective ways of helping you see which careers may be right for you？
2 What is very important when you are completing the test?
3 According to the paticpan's work personalty code, what careers would you recommend?
4 Do you agree with the text when it says"The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about? Give your reasons.
4 Look at these jobs and then decide on which work personality type they most closely relate to .Add more jobs to each category.


5 Work in groups Discuss these questions.
1 Would you like to take a career aptitude test? Why or why not?
2 What could be some problems with this sort of test? What other things could you do to help you decide on possible future careers?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Complete these sentences with words from the reading text. Then write down your own dream career and give reasons.
1 The first tme I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and__________, I was deeply attracted by the ham of chemistry.So I want to become a chemist in the future.
2 My aunt developed________cancer three years ago. Seeing her suffering makes me want to become a doctor to protect people from such diseases.
3 I want to become a________because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.
4 I have always been passionate about books, so I want to be a_______.By providing a comfortable reading en and good books, I hope more eope can enjoy reading.
5 I always feel amazed when I see my grandfather’s huge medine chest with countess small_______that store many herbs. Now I am studying Chinese medicine and I hope I can be an expert n this field, too.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words you have learnt in this unit Circle the part of speech. Then think of more words that can be used in both noun and verb forms.
1 Hearing the nows that he had made the school team, David joyfully_________ball against the wall.
2 The old basketball looked very used and had lost its______(n.v)
3 The zoologists set up______(n.v)cameras in the panda reserve.
4 There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of_______(n.v)on the star couple.
3 Use the words in the box to complete the following excerpt from a student's speech.

Probably everyone dreams of having a great career. but first let’s
what this means. When thinking about what makes a career great, many ideas may_______in your head, such as the desire for money, power, or fame. Different people might have different opinions about this, but wouldn't it be kind of greedy to focus on money and fame_______on something more meaningfu? Please close your eyes and think of someone professional and successful. lt could be a famous entrepreneur. a great eader. a scentist or an artist, or a teacher who________you, My choice wouid be Mane Curie, who discovered_________For me,she is great not just because she was world-famous, but because she made great contributions to mankind. Being a female scentist was much less common in her time, but in spite of this she devoted her ife to her career. So I_______that if you want a great career, you need to_______yourself to something meaningful. I believe all great careers have this___________.
Review useful structures
1 Find the following types of Long sentences in the reading text.
A compound sentence B complex sentence C compound-complex sentence
2 Change these simple sentences into long sentences. Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.
1 Career guidance ought to be induded at high school. The school should also offer a work expenence programme.
2 Dreaming to become somebody great is easy. Working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
3 You never know where you'll be working in the future. Learn as much as possible. Study a reign language. It is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
4 Social occupations require communicating with people. This often involves helping or providing service to other people.
5 Al is developing rapidy. Lawyers, teachers, librarins, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by Al in the future. Many people believe this to be true.
3 Complete the sentences using what, which, that, who, and how, Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.
Advice on Making a Career Plan
______ A The plan wil require you to focus on______you want to do and______to achieve it.
___1___ B A career plan makes you think about your future, including_______careers interest you most and______skills and trainings you will need to succeed.
_______ C Of course, the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan,______will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities_______ become available to you.
_______ D Finally, for useful information on______to decide on careers and________to put in your CV, find some website______specialise in career advice or go to someone_______can help.
________ E Along with your career plan, you should also think about a CV._______is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and expenences.
_______ F These two things are______you should start thinking about right now,as they will safeguard your future,______is important to everyone.
4 Read the two profiles below. Write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire. Try to make the sentences work together effectively.


Using Language
Choose a university major
1 Look at the pictures below. Discuss in pairs which university major each picture
might show

Bio-medical engineering_______ Computer game design________
Cybersecurity________ Data science_______
Public health_______ Robotics______
2 Listen to the conversation and tick the chart according to what is needed to get into a good university in each country.

3 Listen to the conversation again, and take notes on what each student would like to study and why.

4 Listen again and answer the questions below.
1 What did Liu Ming say about cybersecurity and data science?
2 What did Susan say she was told?
3 What did Olivia say they need to do to get into universities?

5 Work in groups Discuss these questions.
1 Do you agree with Olivia's parents when they say that a persons career might depend on what university they get into? Why or why not?
2 Do you agree that there is no point studying something that you like but you are not very good at? Give your reasons.
6 In pairs, tell each other about the major[s] you would like to choose. Use the expressions below to help you.
Expressing choices, wishes, intentions, and opinions

Apply for a summer job
1 Read the texts and then answer the questions below.
1 What are these three different texts about? What type of texts are they?
2 What kind of person is required for the job?
3 What experience does the applicant have with foreign languages? How has the applicant displayed her knowledge of Chinese culture?

Using Lanquaqe



3 You don’t want to look back in years to come and say, “I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”你也不希望多年之后回顧過去時(shí)才說：“我真希望當(dāng)年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么?！?br /> in years to come表示“多年之后；在未來的幾年中”。動(dòng)詞不定式to come放在名詞years之后作定語，years to come是“接下來幾年”的意思。如：
I was hopeful that in years to come, she’s consider this failure as a valuable experience that helped her grow.我希望多年之后，她會(huì)把這次失敗當(dāng)作幫助她成長(zhǎng)的一次寶貴經(jīng)歷。
Some experts predict that housing prices will remain stable for years to come.一些專家預(yù)測(cè)在來來的幾年中房?jī)r(jià)會(huì)保持平穩(wěn)。
wish表示愿望，后面接賓語從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語氣。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2 Find the details of these requirements in the job advertisement, and report your findings to the class.
·Personality and attitude
·Language skills
·Experience and skills
3 How does the applicant respond to each of the job requirements? Do you think she is a good match for the job? Why?
4 Think of a job you like. Write an application letter and a CV. Try to include the following points.
·Your skills
·Your experience
·Your personality
·What the job means to you
·What special things you can offer or bring to the job
5 In pairs, read your partners application Letter and CV. Use the checklist to help him/her improve them.
√Did your partner explain clearly how his/her skills/experience/personality relate to the iob?
√Did your partner List anything special about himself/herself?
√If you were the employer, would you hire your partner? If not. why?
Assessing Your Progress
1 Use the correct forms of the words in the box to complete the following sentences. Then match the sentences with the possible jobs on the right.

1 Tom enjoys spendng time with midde school students, and he
is really interested in_______. cook
2 Jane broke her______during a competition last week and needed a few months' rest. maths teacher
3 John prevents uninvited visitors from entering a business_______. repoter/journalist
4 in order to turn the desert into green land that is able to produce crops, Dr Zhang designed a 50 km_______. athlete
5 Simon needs to submit his article about the_____meeting security guard before midnight tonight. Security guard
6 Jackson's________fish is popular with the restaurant’s regular customers. Engineer
2 The following is a draft of a guide for high school students. Try to improve it and use long sentences where you think they are required.


*Project: Make a speech about your future career
1 Think about six careers and write them in the order of their importance. Then in groups, report to the others and explain why.

2 Think about three careers that interest you most. Complete the chart below and then introduce your careers to your group.

3 Choose one career from above and prepare an outline of a speech about how you plan to reach that career goal. Start by completing the mind map below.

4 Use your outline to write a speech. Add some pictures to help illustrate your writing. Use the following expressions to help you.

5 Read your speeches within the group and vote for the best one. Then have the winner make the speech to the class.
* Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATC
Look at the pictures from the video below. In groups, use the following words and any other words you can think of to describe what is happening in the photos.

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your responses to BEFORE YOU WATCH.
2 Decide if the following statements are true [T]or false [F].
1 The tent and long grass stop the birds from seeing Mateusz.
2 The Natural History Museum in New York recognised his talent with the award Best Young Wildife Photographer.
3 He took his award-winning photograph of oyster catchers on a beach in London.
4 Mateusz takes up to 1,000 photographs in each session.
5 His parents buy meat for him because he gets hungry while taking
Photographs.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Mateusz oves wildife photography. Which is you favourite type of photography and why?
2 Why do you think Mateusz has been so successful at such a young age? List three reasons. How could you apply these to yourself to achieve your ow goals and dreams?


Workbook
Unit1
Using Words and Expressions
1 Change the forms of the words below. Then list more pairs of words that have the same word formation.
n.→adj.
innocence confidence
wisdom freedom
flour health
mud fog
superiority inferiority
creation decoration
2 Complete the passage with the words below to learn about bias-free language.
chairman policeman chairperson mankind postman salesman
Like humans, language tends to carry biases. Academic writing needs to be objective and scientific: neither gender should be preferred. Historically, writing has reflected a bias towards males such as the words and postman. Now, writers are more careful. Many words that included man have been replaced. For example, police officer is used instead of , instead of chairman, salesperson instead of , humankind instead of and postal worker instead of . The title Ms is used for women instead of Miss or Mrs, since it does not show whether a woman is married or not.
3 Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1最高時(shí)速350公里的高鐵使北京和上海之間的旅行時(shí)間從15小時(shí)縮短到了四個(gè)半小時(shí)左右。(maximum, high-speed railway)
2她從皮夾克的口袋里掏出一塊手絹擦了擦眼睛。(leather handkerchief)
3三個(gè)班級(jí)被隨機(jī)挑選出來參加了翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂的實(shí)驗(yàn)。(at random, flipped classroom)
4這種7.9英寸迷你版的平板電腦一上市就受到了年輕人的喜愛。(inch, version)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking's predictions?
pros and cons take over on a scientific basis
have an urge to superior conflict with backwards
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also explore these themes . Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either or forwards in time. However. the former is not really an option. World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But it would be possible to travel into the future in a vastly spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and that humans would eventually by AI and robots.
Using Structures
1 Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→It must have been stolen.
1 I didn't go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I .
2 Li Fei's parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei .
3 That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)→
I think .
4 My mother always tells me what I should do. (don't like, tell) →
I .
5 We can't work in the office next month. (redecorate)→
Our office .
2 Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must "flight mode" or until an announcement upon arrival. Smoking throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
…
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position.
Make sure your seat belts (securely) and all carry-on luggage underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
3 Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in rackets to help you.
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It (通常被認(rèn)為是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet (正受統(tǒng)治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” (可被開采). This “spice” (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he (會(huì)被挑戰(zhàn)) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It (被認(rèn)為) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must (得到解決) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilization.
4 List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after…
Reading, Listening, and Acting
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 Before listening to a TV show called The Evos, read the following introduction and then discuss the questions in pairs.
Previously on The Evos: A breaking news report tells of seven meteors hitting each of the seven continents, as revealed by a scientist called Dr Evo. Meanwhile, three friends, Seb, Amie, and
Laura are cycling through woods near their homes. After seeing a flash of light, they follow it. They discover a hole with a strange glowing rock inside. The news on Seb’s radio is talking about the meteors, so they realise this must be one of them. Seb says they should take a closer look. As he gets closer, he suddenly falls asleep, and as the others go to help him, they also fall asleep. They awake at dusk to the sounds of men searching for the meteor. They escape and agree to see each other at school the following day, as well as promising not to tell anyone. Some men, dressed in black protective suits, take the meteor away…
1 Where do you think the meteors came from?
2 Why do you think the friends fell asleep?
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Now listen to the start of the new episode and match the abilities to the character.
Seb
can move things with his/her mind
Laura
can stop time
Arnie
can move from one place to another
Dr Evo
can make himself/herself disappear
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen to the episode again and write down the words and phrases that have the following meanings and functions.
1 mentioning something they almost didn’t remember to say
2 wanting to talk about something different quickly
3 saying the same thing in a different way than before
4 talking about the most important point
5 adding another point to something already said
4 In groups, act out a scene from The Evos using the instructions below.
1 Discuss what happens next in the scene. Use the following questions to help you make a script. The scene only needs to be a few minutes long.
? What happens to the characters after they meet Dr Evo?
? Do the men in black also have powers?
? How do the characters use their powers?
2 Decide who will play each character. Choose a narrator to help the audience understand what is happening.
Dr Evo Seb Arnie Laura Narrator
Men in black suits Any other new characters you want to add
3 Rehearse a few times. Then act out the scene in front of the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the picture. What do you think is inside the cave? Do some research about our planet to find the answers to the following questions.

? How old is the earth?
? What is the structure of the earth?
? How deep is the earth's crust?
? What is at the centre of the earth?
? What is the deepest cave ever found?
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Read part of a story about an amazing journey to the centre of the earth by famous writer Jules Verne. Underline the words that describe the unusual environment the explorers discover. What natural environments does it remind you of?


3 Read the text again and answer the questions below.
1 Why could the narrator not see anything at first?
2 Why was the light in the cave strange?
3 Why was the narrator unable to describe what he saw in human words?
4 Why was the narrator scared by the bones?
4 What can you remember of the story? Note down as many things as you can recall, and then retell the story using your notes.
5 Write a summary of the text in your own words.


6 Imagine you are a reporter. Write a newspaper article reporting on the journey to the centre of the earth.
1 Find the most interesting things worth reporting from the extract.
2 Imagine what happens before and later in the journey and how you want the story to end. Take notes of your idea.
3 Decide whether to include:
? Facts about the earth, for example, its size, age, composition, etc.
? Pictures of what the underground world looks like.
4 Think of an interesting headline to get the readers' attention.
5 Write your article. Use language similar to what journalists use. Look at other news reports and articles to help you.
Expanding Your World

Unit1
Using Words and Expressions
1 Change the forms of the words below. Then list more pairs of words that have the same word formation.
n.→adj.
innocence confidence
wisdom freedom
flour health
mud fog
superiority inferiority
creation decoration
2 Complete the passage with the words below to learn about bias-free language.
chairman policeman chairperson mankind postman salesman
Like humans, language tends to carry biases. Academic writing needs to be objective and scientific: neither gender should be preferred. Historically, writing has reflected a bias towards males such as the words and postman. Now, writers are more careful. Many words that included man have been replaced. For example, police officer is used instead of , instead of chairman, salesperson instead of , humankind instead of and postal worker instead of . The title Ms is used for women instead of Miss or Mrs, since it does not show whether a woman is married or not.
3 Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1最高時(shí)速350公里的高鐵使北京和上海之間的旅行時(shí)間從15小時(shí)縮短到了四個(gè)半小時(shí)左右。(maximum, high-speed railway)
2她從皮夾克的口袋里掏出一塊手絹擦了擦眼睛。(leather handkerchief)
3三個(gè)班級(jí)被隨機(jī)挑選出來參加了翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂的實(shí)驗(yàn)。(at random, flipped classroom)
4這種7.9英寸迷你版的平板電腦一上市就受到了年輕人的喜愛。(inch, version)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking's predictions?
pros and cons take over on a scientific basis
have an urge to superior conflict with backwards
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also explore these themes . Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either or forwards in time. However. the former is not really an option. World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But it would be possible to travel into the future in a vastly spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and that humans would eventually by AI and robots.
Using Structures
1 Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→It must have been stolen.
1 I didn't go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I .
2 Li Fei's parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei .
3 That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)→
I think .
4 My mother always tells me what I should do. (don't like, tell) →
I .
5 We can't work in the office next month. (redecorate)→
Our office .
2 Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must "flight mode" or until an announcement upon arrival. Smoking throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
…
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position.
Make sure your seat belts (securely) and all carry-on luggage underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
3 Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in rackets to help you.
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It (通常被認(rèn)為是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet (正受統(tǒng)治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” (可被開采). This “spice” (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he (會(huì)被挑戰(zhàn)) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It (被認(rèn)為) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must (得到解決) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilization.
4 List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after…
Reading, Listening, and Acting
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 Before listening to a TV show called The Evos, read the following introduction and then discuss the questions in pairs.
Previously on The Evos: A breaking news report tells of seven meteors hitting each of the seven continents, as revealed by a scientist called Dr Evo. Meanwhile, three friends, Seb, Amie, and
Laura are cycling through woods near their homes. After seeing a flash of light, they follow it. They discover a hole with a strange glowing rock inside. The news on Seb’s radio is talking about the meteors, so they realise this must be one of them. Seb says they should take a closer look. As he gets closer, he suddenly falls asleep, and as the others go to help him, they also fall asleep. They awake at dusk to the sounds of men searching for the meteor. They escape and agree to see each other at school the following day, as well as promising not to tell anyone. Some men, dressed in black protective suits, take the meteor away…
1 Where do you think the meteors came from?
2 Why do you think the friends fell asleep?
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Now listen to the start of the new episode and match the abilities to the character.
Seb
can move things with his/her mind
Laura
can stop time
Arnie
can move from one place to another
Dr Evo
can make himself/herself disappear
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen to the episode again and write down the words and phrases that have the following meanings and functions.
1 mentioning something they almost didn’t remember to say
2 wanting to talk about something different quickly
3 saying the same thing in a different way than before
4 talking about the most important point
5 adding another point to something already said
4 In groups, act out a scene from The Evos using the instructions below.
1 Discuss what happens next in the scene. Use the following questions to help you make a script. The scene only needs to be a few minutes long.
? What happens to the characters after they meet Dr Evo?
? Do the men in black also have powers?
? How do the characters use their powers?
2 Decide who will play each character. Choose a narrator to help the audience understand what is happening.
Dr Evo Seb Arnie Laura Narrator
Men in black suits Any other new characters you want to add
3 Rehearse a few times. Then act out the scene in front of the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the picture. What do you think is inside the cave? Do some research about our planet to find the answers to the following questions.

? How old is the earth?
? What is the structure of the earth?
? How deep is the earth's crust?
? What is at the centre of the earth?
? What is the deepest cave ever found?
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Read part of a story about an amazing journey to the centre of the earth by famous writer Jules Verne. Underline the words that describe the unusual environment the explorers discover. What natural environments does it remind you of?


3 Read the text again and answer the questions below.
1 Why could the narrator not see anything at first?
2 Why was the light in the cave strange?
3 Why was the narrator unable to describe what he saw in human words?
4 Why was the narrator scared by the bones?
4 What can you remember of the story? Note down as many things as you can recall, and then retell the story using your notes.
5 Write a summary of the text in your own words.


6 Imagine you are a reporter. Write a newspaper article reporting on the journey to the centre of the earth.
1 Find the most interesting things worth reporting from the extract.
2 Imagine what happens before and later in the journey and how you want the story to end. Take notes of your idea.
3 Decide whether to include:
? Facts about the earth, for example, its size, age, composition, etc.
? Pictures of what the underground world looks like.
4 Think of an interesting headline to get the readers' attention.
5 Write your article. Use language similar to what journalists use. Look at other news reports and articles to help you.
Expanding Your World



Unit 2
Using Words and Expressions
1 Choose an adjective and a noun to make a phrase. Complete each sentence with the correct phrase.
straightforward foundation
complicated answer
solid relief
final situations
unequal distribution
temporary phase
1 You don't have to say that much. Just give me a .
2 This medicine cannot help you get rid of the disease permanently, but it can give you from the pain.
3 The experiment is now in its and is expected to be completed next week.
4 Don't be afraid of failure. It can lay a for your future success.
5 There is a risk that the of wealth and the absence of opportunities may lead to a less stable society.
6 Developing students' critical thinking ability can help them deal with problems in uncertain and .
2 Replace the underlined parts with the correct forms of the words from the unit.
1 Mr Smith is strict, but always honest about his feelings and fair.
2 I find the legal system to be extremely complex.
3 The two men were arrested again only a week after they were released from jail.
4 Life, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness are essential to all human beings.
5 In order to save time, John bought hamburger for lunch at a fast-food restaurant.
3 Paraphrase the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1 I have qualifications to work as a surgeon in Sydney. (license)
2 Only a small group of people supported the new law. (minority)
3 Brazil’s “Big Zero' stadium, located on the equator, holds 10,000 people. (seating capacity)
4 The local government has paid for the expenses for his university studies. (sponsor)
5 A new session has begun to discuss an increase in the crimes that hurt people in popular tourist areas. (violence)
4 Use the correct forms of the words to complete the passage about Californians’ love for sport.
golf premier temporary
dive frequency citizen
Sport is an important part of the culture in California. Because of the good climate, Californians can spend a lot of time outdoors, so many people play a sport of some kind. The larger towns and cities have many facilities for their , such as football fields, swimming pools, and courses. And for those who like walking, climbing, surfing, and , there are the mountains and some of the world's beaches. Californians also enjoy watching sport, so lots of people go to live sporting events . The excitement and party atmosphere of live sport can make people forget all their problems and relax.
Using Structures
1 Complete the sentences using the -ed forms of the verbs below, and then state the functions of the -ed forms.
balance astonish expose
connect leave introduce
1 I was to see so many new inventions in the AI session at the science and technology expo.
2 The room, to the rest of the house by a long passage, was completely empty.
3 in the sun, the wet carpet soon dried off and looked brand new again.
4 Even though some of her classmates study long hours, she is generally able to maintain a lifestyle.
5 Never touch an electric wire when it is .
6 by the Chinese government in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative has strongly supported he economic development of many participating countries.
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the left box and the -ed forms of the verbs in the right box.
myself my time her paintings
your bedroom the play sausage
their car burn tidy perform
throw take up display start
EXAMPLE
Lisa was the leading actress! We saw the play performed on stage yesterday evening.
1 The husband was careless enough to leave the car lights on overnight, and in the morning his wife couldn't get .
2 My cousin dreams of becoming a painter and wants in a gallery.
3 I felt forwards when the bus suddenly stopped.
4 To be frank, I won't have with useless discussion.
5 I cannot bear the smell of on the barbecue.
6 A: Timmy, you'd better have before I get home from work. It's in a mess.
B: Sure. Mum.
3 Below is an introduction to Australian Aboriginal rock art, but it contains quite a few verb form mistakes. Correct the mistakes.

Australian Aboriginal rock art is among the most highly prizing in the world, thanks to its age, detail, freshness, and range of colour. Australia has 100000 known rock art sites. In many areas it’s possible to visit this rock art to accompany by an Aboriginal person who can provide explanations and cultural interpretations of each works complicated meaning. Many samples of Aboriginal rock art accurately dated back as far as 28000 years. Some sites are among the oldest in the world, estimating to be 40000 years old.
The rock art is also a record of Aboriginal life many centuries ago. You can admire ancient figures carry spears, boomerangs, bows and arrows, frogs and other animals, a sailing ship, and a female spirit with four arms.
Listening and Speaking
1 The following are photos from Cape Town in South Africa. In groups, describe the photos and discuss what you think they are about.

【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Listen to a tour guide's introduction to some of the attractions of Cape Town. Were your guesses correct? Tick the attractions that are mentioned in the introduction, and describe them in your own words.
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen again, and then answer the questions below.
1 Where is Cape Town located and how was it described?
2 How old is Table Mountain and what is its" table cloth"?
3 How was diving with sharks described?
4 Why is Bo-kaap so special?
5 What do the ducks do during the Duck Parade?
6 How has the African penguin population increased?
4 Discuss in groups how your local city compares to Cape Town.
the location and geography the natural icons
the historic places the animals
the parks other
5 Give a presentation as a group. Each of you can focus on one aspect of your city. Include photos if possible.
Reading and Writing
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 Read the text and complete the sentences below.
1 Australian cuisine features a lot of and .
2 Kangaroo is both a popular and Australia's national .
3 Each region of Australia has its own using the seafood found in its .
4 If you really want to see the kinds of seafood available, visit the in Sydney or go .
5 Australians love to eat and cook food on the .


2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Why does Australian cuisine centre around red meat and seafood?
2 Why is the Australian government encouraging people to use kangaroos as food?
3 What is probably one reason why many Australians live by the coast?
4 Why do many Australians love barbecues so much?
5 What does the "casual friendliness" of an Australian barbecue mean?
3 Discuss the questions and take notes.
1 What kind of cuisine is typical in your hometown?
2 What geographic or historical reasons make that kind of cuisine popular?
3 What is the most popular dish in your hometown? How is it made?
4 Use your notes to write about the food from your hometown. Include a recipe like the one below for your favourite dish.

*Expanding Your World



Unit 3
Using Words and Expressions
1 Match the words with their meanings. Then make a sentence with each word.
1 laptop
2 log
3 pobssession
4 profession
5 mercy
6 opponent
7 coverage
8 mixture
A a job that needs special training and a good education
B the state of owning something
C a small computer that can be easily carried
D a kind attitude towards somebody you have the ability to harm
E someone that you are playing against in a competition
F to record information
G a combination of different things
H reporting in newspapers or on television
2 Complete the following sentences with the words in the box.
mixture channel mercy
profession politics
1 Inspired by his teacher, Johnny has decided to enter the teaching .
2 Although her major was chemistry, Margaret Thatcher chose as her career in the end.
3 Small boats on the sea are sometimes at the of violent weather.
4 If you don't like this TV programme, you can change .
5 This city is a of ancient and modern buildings.
3 Study the examples and then fill in the third column.

4 Translate the sentences into English using the words in brackets.
1敞開心扉，原諒別人，你會(huì)更快樂！(forgive)
2在比賽的大部分時(shí)間里，他們的對(duì)手都控制住了球。(opponent, possession)
3納稅是公民為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的重要途徑。(tax)
4這兩個(gè)人因?yàn)樯嫦訐尳俦淮丁?arrest)
5今晚有高爾夫球錦標(biāo)賽的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播。(coverage, tournament)
Using Structures
1 Complete the dialogues with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1 A: Will your parents be back from their holiday tomorrow?
B: No, they decided (extend) their trip.
2 A: Have you got the test result on the new medicine?
B: Yes, it has proved (be) somewhat effective, but further testing remains (do).
3 A: Wow! l didn't expect Pete (be) such a good swimmer!
B: (spend) the past summer practising almost every day, he is now able (swim) much faster than before.
4 A: What happened? You were supposed (be) in Beijing by now!
B: I overslept and rushed to the airport, only (find) that the check-in counter had closed.
5 A: Which season do you like most?
B: Winter Because the city looks very beautiful when (cover) with snow.
6 A Who is considered (be) the father of the computer. Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John Vincent Atanasoff, or John von Neuman?
B: Well, they are all believed (make) important contributions to computer science.
2 Mark the function of the infinitive in each sentence. Then translate them into Chinese.
1 To be or not to be, that is the question.
2 It is better to give than to take
3 You're never too old to learn.
4 To know everything is to know nothing.
5 To save time is to lengthen life.
3 Complete the news report below with the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. What else do you know about Jiaolong?
Named after a mythical dragon, jiaolong is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers (start) from 2002 and entered service in 2010, (make) China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology.
In 2017, during a 138-day expedition that (start) in February the submersible’s mother ship, Xiangyanghong 9 sailed nearly 34, 000 km into the South China Sea, the northwester Indian Ocean, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Jiaolong conducted 30 dives (make) scientific investigations and (collect) samples. The submersible made five dives in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, both in the western Pacific Ocean. These operations have enabled scientists (better understand) geographical and biological conditions deep under the oceans.
Right now, Jiaolong is undergoing maintenance before (start) its next adventure.
In 2020, Jiaolong will begin its first global deep-sea scientific exploration mission. It will have a new mother ship, which is (name) Deep Sea No 1. This grand mission is intended (strengthen) China's capacity in (survey) deep-sea environments and will increase the nation’s influence in this field.

Listening and Speaking
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 Read the news reports about shark attacks. Then write the headlines for the news reports.

【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Listen to an interview with shark expert Carl, and number the information in the correct order.
Shark populations grow at a slow rate.
A lot of sharks are killed because of modern fishing.
People should stop shark fishing.
Shark attacks get a lot of attention.
Shark populations are decreasing rapidly.
The endangered species need to be protected.
The chance of being bitten by a shark is actually very small.
Millions of sharks are killed each year.
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen to the interview again and answer the questions.
1 How many people are killed by sharks each year?
2 Why are so many sharks being killed?
3 How does the shark’s biology affect shark populations?
4 What does Carl think will happen if people don’t stop shark fishing?
5 How long have shark species been in existence?
4 How can humans further improve their relationships with life in the ocean? Prepare a short speech and present it to the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the title and the photo of the text. Then answer the questions below.
1 What objects can you see on the beach?
2 Where do you think they came from?
3 What words do you think might appear in the article?
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Read the text and then answer the questions on page 79.


1 What alarming discovery did the scientists make?
2 What are "gyres"?
3 What is the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch"?
4 Why does "micro plastic make things even worse?
5 How does The Ocean Cleanup project work?
3 Write an argumentative essay about sea protection.
1 Choose a topic from the box below. You can also choose your own topic.
? protecting sea animals
? preserving sea resources
? collecting sea waste
? preventing oil spills/petrol leaks
? reducing pollution
? promoting better understanding of and respect for the sea
2 Before you write, consider and discuss these questions.
? Why is it important to protect the sea? What facts support this?
? What is the issue you want to highlight? Why is it happening?
? What facts illustrate this issue?
? Does everyone agree on the issue? What different opinions are there about it?
? What solutions are there already for this issue? Do they work? Are they being used?
? What solution do you think would work for this issue? Why? How would it work?
3 Include your opinions on the topic, and find facts to support and prove your point.
*Expanding Your World



UNIT 4
Using Words and Expressions
1 Match the words with their meanings. Then make a sentence with each word.
1 chorus
2 ripe
3 secondary
4 shade
5 weed
6 circus
A a wild plant growing where it is not wanted
B a dark and cool area under or behind something
C something that is said by a group of people at the same time
D a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals
E less important than something else
F (of fruit or crops) fully grown and ready to be eaten
2 Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with the key words from this unit.
1 Tinned food should be stored in an area without sunlight.
2 The decision was reached after a discussion with parents and teachers.
3 Teachers who are more flexible in their teaching methods can inspire their students to be more creative.
4 The young boy ran home, blocking the hole at the bottom of his jug with his hand to stop the water from pouring out.
3 Translate the following sentences into English using the words in brackets.
1如果你感染了該病毒，你應(yīng)該馬上咨詢醫(yī)生是否需要服用這種膠囊。(consult)
2每個(gè)人都有自己的音樂品味，那該用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判斷一首歌的曲調(diào)是否優(yōu)美呢？(criteria, tune)
3他在巡回演講中想要傳達(dá)給觀眾的是，分享是有價(jià)值的，而自私導(dǎo)致貧窮。(relay, circuit)
4她在討論中提供的專業(yè)知識(shí)非常有用，雖然我們采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)機(jī)還未到。(input, ripe)
5這個(gè)老人拖著一個(gè)大包裹吃力地走著，盼望能早點(diǎn)到家。(drag, parcel)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then give a title to it.
taste forehead until mechanic even
stability without uniform deserve rigid

About fifty years ago, I was just a high school graduate when my neighbour introduced me to my first job at a railway construction site. I had never pictured myself putting on a and being trained to be a .Although it was a job, it was much harder than I had expected, and there were so many rules we had to follow. And the mosquitoes at night were just terrible, for a native Tanzanian. I got a of just how hard life could be for construction workers, when I had never given them a thought before in my life. However, my misfortunes brought a dear friend into my life: Liu Ming from China. The man has a as wide as mine, but his eyes and nose are smaller. At one time I became seriously ill. He took me to a Chinese clinic, where I received free medical treatment. He stayed with me I recovered. Over the years, I have told my children and grandchildren that China our thanks for the railway connecting us and Zambia, and that Liu, they wouldn't have their father or grandfather around to tell them stories of China.
Using Structures
1 Finish the story with the phrases in the box. Then give a title to it.
Both Jo and I up to in their names
as well A couple of years pulled out
pretty seriously in need

ago, my wife and I a gift catalogue for people and invited each of our kids to choose something that we could buy .When we handed the list to our nine-year-old daughter, we expected her to choose a toilet or a sewing machine or something similar. But instead, she thought it through and chose “village development package”, which was worth $5,000. were surprised and ashamed, as our daughter’s generosity really challenged our finances and pushed the limits of our generosity .
2 Underline the phrases in the sentences below. Then delete some of the phrases to make the sentences shorter and see how the meanings have changed.
1 Jenny was a bit nervous when she heard the exciting news that she had been selected as an overseas volunteer for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, since she had no concept of what she would be needed to do.
2 Yesterday, the local police announced, “Suspected of murdering seven people, two men at large for almost forty years were arrested on Monday at last.”
3 Walking down the dusty track, we constantly came across elderly people with wrinkled foreheads working in the fields without batting an eye at the passers-by.
4 The Chinese soldiers, who are dressed in neat green army uniforms, have been making a great difference in war-stricken districts, where life has been turned upside down.
3 Read the poem below and analyse the use of phrases. How do these phrases express feelings?

Listening and Speaking
1 Annie, a member of the Community Care Committee, is talking to students about The Fred Hollows Foundation. Before you listen, look at the photos, read the captions, and predict what the speech is about.

【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Listen to Annie’s speech. Take notes and complete the table below.

【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen again and fill in the blanks. Then write the correct letter next to each part of the speech.
A conclusion B hook C problem D organisation’s work E solution
□Did you know that somebody in the world ？What is worse is that do not need to be blind at all.
□Do you know what a "cataract" is? It's when the lens of your eye until eventually you can't see anything. That sounds terrible but the treatment .
□Cataracts can be removed and replaced by a special Perspex lens. This simple operation and by the next day the patient .Because blind people , they cannot pay for the operation, so they have of seeing again.
□An Australian eye doctor named Fred Hollows was determined to find a way to of this operation. Today, more than people have had their eyesight restored, thanks to the work of the foundation.
□Fred Hollows spent his life in .He believed action was the .In my opinion, this is the best kind of volunteer work: .
Reading and Writing
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 What do you think the title below is referring to? Read the text and find out if you are right.


2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Why might someone purchase a gift from this catalogue?
2 How might a women's self-help group be useful?
3 Which gifts are related to education? How are they useful to the poor?
4 How many gifts are related to health and medical care?
5 Which gifts help to support famiies? How about a whole community?
3 Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Is this a good way to provide help to the poor? Why or why not?
2 What other gifts can you think of that might be helpful to poor areas?
4 Think about what students, families, schools, and teachers may need in poor areas. Create your gift catalogue.
1 Make a list of gifts that would be helpful. Use the mind map below to help you.
2 Write a short description for your gift catalogue.
3 Organise your list and create a nice advertisement for your catalogue.

*Expanding Your World




UNIT 5
Using Words and Expression
1 Replace the underlined parts with the correct forms of the key words and phrases from the unit.
1 The report concluded that the new enterprise should be started, and the decision was well supported by all the meeting participants.
2 She finally got back her wallet with the help of the policeman.
3 I missed the beginning of the concert because I couldn’t find a place to park my car.
4 With a beautiful style of writing and fluent English, she beat other applicants and got the secretary job.
5 The shirt sewn by the famous tailor is almost perfect except for the part around the neck.
2 Read and complete an account of a person who has pursued different career paths. How much do you agree with his/her style of choosing a career？
attend to fit into debt
amateur priority finance
resign apply for
I have never wondered what I should do when deciding on a career choice. My top is finding something that suits my passion. I developed a strong interest in information technology in high school, so I chose a related university major and studied hard. After I graduated, I worked in a(n) company and was responsible for processing repayments for about five years. Then I wanted to try something new. As travelling was also one of my passions, I a job that provided the chance to travel around the world. However, after two years of travelling and always having endless business to ,I kind of lost my passion. I decided to take a rest, so I from my job and worked as a volunteer for an educational organisation.
Then I found my new passion was to help college graduates society. Now I want to be a career coach. I am still an in this field, but I believe I have a lot of experience and I think others could benefit from it.
3 Translate the sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1 如果你畢業(yè)后想在金融領(lǐng)域工作，作為學(xué)生，你的首要任務(wù)是獲得相關(guān)的學(xué)歷。(finance industry, priority)
2我支持我姐姐選擇特殊教育專業(yè)，因?yàn)樗苡心托摹⑾矚g小孩，還總是意愿照顧別人的需要。(attend to)
3因?yàn)槟軌蛱峁└玫穆殬I(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，這家公司每年都能收到幾千份簡(jiǎn)歷和求職信。(application letter, CV)
4在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，共產(chǎn)黨員應(yīng)始終把國(guó)家和人民的需要放在首位。(socialist, communist, priority)
5偵探通過追蹤一張偶然留下的收據(jù)，最終破獲了案件。(detective, receipt)
4 Use an English dictionary or check online to find more collocations for the words below. Then make sentences with the phrases.
drawer collar debt fry
finance bounce priority security

Using Structures
1 Read the following sentences and decide what kind of long sentences they are, and then try to translate them into Chinese.
1 Becoming a novelist is one of my dreams, and I would also like to be a school teacher.
2 The famous designer released her new line on Wednesday, which will no doubt start a new fashion trend this year.
3 June got accepted by her favourite university, but she decided to postpone her enrollment and applied to do volunteer work in Africa for a year instead.
4 While waiting for the paint to dry, Angela explained to the children what she was trying to communicate in her painting, and they all listened attentively with admiring expressions on their faces.
5 I joined a music club a couple of months ago and I have been listening to some neoclassical music recently, which has helped me develop a new respect for classical music.
6 The teacher divided the students into pairs, with John and Sarah ending up as partners fora project, which Sarah wasn’t happy about.
2 Read this information about a new jet and rewrite the sentences using long sentences. Then put them in order to make a logical paragraph.

1 “It was a very smooth take-off,” Fu Song told the reporter. “We are very proud to see that it worked.” Fu is a Tsinghua University engineer. He was involved in the project.
2 C919 is the first Chinese-built passenger jet. It was designed to compete with major jetliners.
3 The flight took off from Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport and landed back again 80 minutes later. The successful flight was greeted with an outpouring of patriotism and pride.
4 The jet is the work of the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC). It's a state-run company. It was founded in 2008.
5 The government celebrated the symbolic flight as further evidence of China's rise. It was broadcast live on television.
Sentences in order: 2- - - -5
3 Read the passage and match the underlined parts with the meanings below. Then replace the underlined parts with information about a job that you are interested in.
A working place/usual work environment
B occupation name
C advantages and disadvantages
D related major
E work requirements
F qualifications/skills needed
G working time
Being a reporter is something that interests me. Reporters often work both indoors and outdoors. Schools, government buildings, factories, restaurants, and even community streets are places where they show up to do interviews with different sorts of people. Reporters ought to be strong in communication, as they need to get first-hand information and opinions. Once reporters obtain what they need they start to write their articles. Therefore, the ability to write good articles is vital for reporters as well. The working hours may not be regular but the challenges that go with the job really fascinate me. I hope that I can major in journalism at university next year.
Listening and Speaking
1 What kind of questions do you think a high school student would ask a career counsellor? Write a list of at least five questions you would ask.
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】2 Listen to a conversation between a high school student and a career counsellor. Write down the answers to the following questions.
1 What is the student's problem?

2 Do employers prefer students with specialised majors?

3 What does the counsellor say is most important?

4 What kind of work does the counsellor advise the student to find?

【點(diǎn)擊聽力】3 Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the correct information.

The student's name is . The counsellor's name is .The student's favourite subiect is because . The counsellor advised her to . that has a lot of because that way she can .The counsellor also said that is not the most important thing.
4 In pairs, talk about the following issues. Give your opinions and explain how any of the issues affect you.
? Students needn’t worry about not knowing what their dream career is.
? Students needn't choose specialised majors.
? There are many options for students who don't go to university.
? Money is not as important as happiness at work.
? Whether your work can benefit people is important.
5 Briefly report your opinions to the class.
Reading and Writing
【點(diǎn)擊聽力】1 Read the title of the text. What do you think the text will talk about? What are your opinions on the subject?


2 Read the text and answer these questions.
1 What is the rough idea of the 10 000 hours theory? What did Gladwell claim 10.000 hours to be? What examples did Gladwell use and why?
2 Why did Ericsson disagree with Gladwell? What did he mean by "deliberate practice"?
3 What did a recent study from Princeton University show?
4 What are Ericsson's tips on practising?
3 What factors can go into making someone an expert? Fill in the chart below with the ideas from the text. You may also add other factors as necessary.

4 Think about the following questions and note down your answers.
1 Do you agree with the 10,000 hours theory? Why or why not?
2 How could you use Ericsson’s practice tips to help you become more suited to your chosen career?
3 What are the factors needed to make someone an expert? List them in order of importance.
4 What are some of the social and environmental factors that help in creating an expert?
5 What skill have you practised most? How did you practised it and what results did you see?
5 Use your notes to write an essay to express your opinion on what it takes to become an expert.
* Expanding Your World



Grammar語法
Ⅰ The Passive Voice被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。
2使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子，請(qǐng)語動(dòng)詞的形式是“be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”。語義上主語為動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο?，主要用于需要?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者、不必要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語篇銜接連貫的需要。一般來說，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3在“be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be相同。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的形式變化列表(以push為例)

使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子，謂語由“was/were+ being+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表達(dá)過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的含有被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)作、行為。如：
The last time I went back to my hometown, a big power station was being built there.上次我回家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，那里正在修建一個(gè)大電廠。
She was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.她被一個(gè)看起來很像人的機(jī)器人照顧著，這讓她不安。
Ⅱ The Past Participle過去分詞
1動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式上由“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成。部分動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有特殊形式變化(參見附錄不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表)。過去分詞不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，但可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)(have/had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞)中構(gòu)成謂語。
2過去分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞(或稱非限定動(dòng)詞)的一種。過去分詞保留著動(dòng)詞的部分特性，有完成或被動(dòng)含義，可帶狀語構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。在句法功能上，過去分詞(短語)與形容詞或副詞作用類似，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)、表語等成分。
3作定語用時(shí)，過去分詞一般位于所修飾的名詞之前，而過去分詞短語通常位于所修飾的名詞之后。如：
When the delayed flight takes off depends mainly on the weather.延誤的航班什么時(shí)候起飛，主要看天氣情況。
Can you tell the differences between spoken language and written language? 你能區(qū)分口語和書面語的差別嗎？
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer’s games. 從全國(guó)選拔出來的運(yùn)動(dòng)員預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)在這次夏季比賽中給我們帶來榮譽(yù)。
4作狀語用時(shí)，過去分詞修飾謂語，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式等。分詞作狀語，用于句首比在其他位置更為常見。如：
United we stand, divided we fall.團(tuán)結(jié)帶來力量，分裂導(dǎo)致衰敗。
Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill, the city of Suzhou was very beautiful.從虎丘上俯瞰，蘇州城非常美。
Encouraged by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates.在英語老師的鼓勵(lì)下，莉薩很快就趕上了其他同學(xué)。
Greatly shocked, Jeff couldn't speak a word.由于受到驚嚇，杰夫一句話也說不出來。
5作賓補(bǔ)用時(shí)，過去分詞常用于使役動(dòng)詞have, get, make, keep和感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear等動(dòng)詞的賓語后面，表達(dá)謂語動(dòng)詞引起的賓語的變化，或補(bǔ)充說明賓語的性狀。如:
When speaking or writing to someone, do your best to make yourself understood.說話或?qū)懳恼聲r(shí)，應(yīng)該盡最大努力讓別人明白自己的意思。
Owen got his nose hurt when he played football with his teammates.跟隊(duì)友踢球時(shí)，歐文被弄傷了鼻子。
I heard the door pulled open.我聽見門被拉開了。
6作表語用時(shí)，過去分詞在be, become, get, feel, look, seem等系動(dòng)詞之后，表示主語的特征或性狀。如：
She is married.她已結(jié)婚了。
The other children looked neglected.其他孩子看起來被忽視了。
The quarrel the night before seemed forgotten.前一天晚上的爭(zhēng)吵似乎被忘掉了。
Ⅲ The Infinitive不定式
1動(dòng)詞不定式的形式與功能
不定式是英語動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式之一，形式上由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。不定式仍保留著動(dòng)詞的部分特性，可以帶賓語和狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。句法功能上，動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)與名詞、形容詞或副詞作用類似，在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)等成分。
(1)作主語：
To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
It's very important to master a foreign language.掌握一門外語是很重要的。(it作形式主語)
(2)作表語：
The most important thing for a doctor is to heal the wounded and save the dying.醫(yī)生最重要的職責(zé)是救死扶傷。
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.這一倡議旨在促進(jìn)具有歷史意義的絲綢之路周邊地區(qū)的合作與貿(mào)易。
(3)作賓語
Would you like to watch a football game with me? 你愿意跟我去看足球賽嗎？
He finds it very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.他發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間單足站立很困難。(it作形式賓語)
(4)作定語(通常位于所修飾的詞之后)：
He is always the last one to leave the office.他總是最后一個(gè)離開辦公室。
We are very busy and we all have a lot of work to do on weekends.我們都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。
There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 為了解氣候變化及其影響，北極研究追在眉睫。
(5)作狀語：
Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.很多人涌入這個(gè)新城市來尋找就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.幾年后他回到家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那里發(fā)生了很大變化。
(6)作賓補(bǔ)
She often helps her mother (to) do some housework on weekends.周末她經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。
Miss Li advised us to read some English novels during the summer holiday.李老師建議我們暑假讀些英語小說。
Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.馬可·波羅的故事啟發(fā)了歐洲探險(xiǎn)家尋找由西方通往東方的海上航線。
說明：
某些動(dòng)詞后用不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，但當(dāng)整個(gè)句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式要加to。如：
The boss made the workers work long hours.
The workers were made to work long hours
I saw you climb through the window
You were seen to climb through the window
2動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
(1)不定式常見時(shí)態(tài)有三種：一般時(shí)(to do)、進(jìn)行時(shí)(to be doing)、完成時(shí)(to have done)。在不同的句子中，我們需要根據(jù)不定式動(dòng)作時(shí)間與句子謂語時(shí)間的關(guān)系來選擇不同時(shí)態(tài)。如：
When we arrived at the riverside, they seemed to be cooking something on the fire.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)河邊時(shí)，他們好像在用火烤東西吃。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.抱歉讓你久等了。
She seems to have read the book before.她好像以前讀過這本書。
The Dutch may have been the first Europeans to have explored Australia.荷蘭人可能是最早到澳大利亞探險(xiǎn)的歐洲人。
(2)當(dāng)句子中的不定式與其所關(guān)聯(lián)的名詞在語義上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.
Can you tell me which car is to be repaired?
I wish to be sent to work in the western region.
There were so many passengers who needed to be transferred.
It's a great honour for me to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
Ⅳ Phrases短語
1英語中的短語是有一定意義但不構(gòu)成獨(dú)立從句或句子的一組詞。從形式結(jié)構(gòu)角度劃分，英語的短語可分為名詞短語、動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、介詞短語等。英語短語的句法功能通常與對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞的句法功能類似，比如，名詞短語與名詞功能相似，在句子中主要充當(dāng)主語、賓語；介詞短語主要是充當(dāng)定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語。例如：Most of the boys in my class like playing football.在這個(gè)句子中，most of the boys是名詞短語， in my class是介詞短語，like playing football是動(dòng)詞短語。
2短語動(dòng)詞(phrasal verbs)是一種固定的詞組，一般由動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成。常用的短語動(dòng)詞有以下幾類：
動(dòng)詞+副詞。如：look out, take off, stay up
動(dòng)詞+介詞。如：look into, attend to, appeal to
動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。如：get along with, catch up with, do away with
動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞。如：take part in, take care of, pay attention to
Ⅴ Long Sentences長(zhǎng)句
1 英語的長(zhǎng)句子之所以長(zhǎng)，是因?yàn)楹休^多較長(zhǎng)的修飾成分，或是包含多個(gè)并列句或從句。長(zhǎng)句子的理解與一般句子相似，主要包括句法結(jié)構(gòu)、語義邏輯和語篇功能三方面。理解長(zhǎng)句的基礎(chǔ)是厘清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)層次，這需要學(xué)習(xí)者熟恐了解英語的基本句型，在此基礎(chǔ)上抓住長(zhǎng)句子的主干，即句子的主語和謂語，然后再逐層橫理分析長(zhǎng)句中其他成分的層次關(guān)系。如：
Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads,有的人年輕時(shí)就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在腦子里晃來晃去。
這是由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接的并列復(fù)合句，表達(dá)前后兩種情況的對(duì)比。前半部分是“主謂賓狀”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中含有what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；后半部分也是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的bouncing around in their heads作定語修飾ideas。
If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions,如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有執(zhí)照的動(dòng)物園。那里的動(dòng)物專家會(huì)確保挑選出來的考拉狀態(tài)良好、適合與人接觸，游客愛撫考拉的時(shí)長(zhǎng)和頻率也有限制。
該句的主干是一個(gè)主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)(you have to go to zoos), if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，where后面直到句尾是個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的定語從句，修飾zoos。這個(gè)定語之所以長(zhǎng)，是因?yàn)槠渲泻袃蓚€(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.但以任何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)我們都是值得的；因?yàn)樗砻鳎覀兪顷P(guān)注世界穩(wěn)定的全球公民，我們對(duì)他人負(fù)有責(zé)任，我們?yōu)榻⑷祟惷\(yùn)共同體做好了準(zhǔn)備。
這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，第一層從because分開，前面的主句為“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，because后面直到句尾是一個(gè)“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的原因狀語從句，用來說明“這項(xiàng)工作很有意義”的理由。第二層，原因狀語從句內(nèi)部包含兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作show的賓語。第三層，兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是并列關(guān)系，也都是“主
系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。
2 有些長(zhǎng)句在語篇中與上下文存在較為緊密的銜接連貫關(guān)系，尤其是句中有指代詞的時(shí)候，除了需要厘清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)層次和語義邏輯之外，有時(shí)還需結(jié)合句子所在的上下文，分析明確長(zhǎng)句中指代詞的具體所指。如：
Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn’t approach it to pick it up or even touch it.考拉的大量時(shí)間都用于吃、睡和抱著樹干，與人類的互動(dòng)會(huì)給它們帶來很大的壓力。因此，政府已開始制定法律來限制人觸摸考拉，這既是為了保護(hù)動(dòng)物也是為了公眾安全。所以，如果你在野外看到考拉，不要為了抱它而接近它，甚至不要去觸摸它。
這段文字由三個(gè)句子組成，第一句是個(gè)并列句，由so連接，它與第二句話在語義上密切關(guān)聯(lián)。準(zhǔn)確理解文中指代詞的所指，有助于理解句意。第一句話中的them指代koalas；第二句話中的this回指第一句話所描述的情況；第三句話分別用one和it指代koala，與前兩句話相銜接。整段文字簡(jiǎn)潔、語義連貫。






































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