?Unit 4　Sharing
Reading and Thinking
【詞匯積淀·素養(yǎng)初探】
Ⅰ. 用本單元的單詞及漢語提示完成詞塊
1. a parcel(包裹) from home
2. some sweets and jam(果醬)
3. nice to get mail(信件)
4. my secondary(中學(xué)的) school
5. clay(陶土) floors
6. a dusty(布滿灰塵的) track
7. a chorus(合唱隊)
8. wear cotton uniforms(制服)
9. the test tube(管子)
10. a wrinkled(起皺紋的) forehead
11. a platform(平臺) for Jenny
12. ripe(成熟的) corn
13. dragged(拖) ourselves down the mountain
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)語境完成句子
1. The classrooms are made of(由……制成) bamboo. ?
2. Many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to(達到) two hours. ?
3. There’s no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention(更不用說) laptops, tablets, or other modern devices. ?
4. I’m still trying to adapt to(適應(yīng)) these conditions. ?
5. I doubt whether I’m making any difference(有任何影響) to these boy’s lives at all. ?
6. Everyone seemed to be related to(與……有關(guān)) Tombe. ?
7. I noticed a can standing upside down(上下顛倒) on the grill over the fire. ?
【閱讀精研·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建】
Ⅰ. 文本整體理解: 理清文章架構(gòu)
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
　　　　　　　Volunteering in the bush

2. Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the passage.
The text is written by Jo, a young (1)Australian who teaches in a(n) (2)bush school in a poor mountainous village. It is about her experience as a (3)volunteer and her first (4)visit to a village which is the home of Tombe.
Ⅱ. 文本細節(jié)理解: 探尋語篇細節(jié)信息
Choose the best answer to the passage
1. In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they 　　　. ?
A. were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B. couldn’t stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C. didn’t like doing chemistry experiment
D. knew chemistry was not relevant to them
2. Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids?
A. Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B. Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference to the kids’ life.
C. Because the kids there hardly come across anything of chemistry.
D. Because she thinks chemistry useless.
3. In what language do you think Jo gave her lessons?
A. Pidgin English
B. French
C. English
D. The local language of Papua New Guinea
4. Why did Tombe throw out of the tin can?
A. Because he hated the leftover food.
B. Because he believed any leftover attracted evil spirits.
C. Because he believed the can had no use at all.
D. Because this is a way for people in Papua New Guinea to store leftovers.
5. How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe’s family?
A. Happy　　　B. Sad　　　C. Worried　　　D. Upset
答案: 1～5. ACCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素養(yǎng)提升: 閱讀技能綜合運用
1. 根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細致解構(gòu)語句
(1)There is no equipment and since there isn’t even a ?
　　　　分句一　　　　　　　　原因狀語從句
washroom, if I need water I have to carry it from my ?
　　　　　　條件狀語從句　　　　分句二
house in a basin. ?
譯文: 這里沒有任何設(shè)備, 甚至沒有洗手間, 如果我需要水的話我不得不用盆子從我的房子取水。
(2)The class became a circus as the boys, who had never ?
　　　　　主句　　　　　　　　　　　　
come across anything like this before, started jumping out of ?
　　　who引導(dǎo)定語從句　　　　　　 as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
the windows. ?
譯文: 整個班級成了一個馬戲團, 之前從沒見過這種狀況的男孩子們開始從窗戶跳出去。
2. 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空
　　Jo wrote the blog entries to tell us her (1)teaching(teach) life in a bush school as a volunteer. She described the school whose classrooms (2)were made(make) of bamboo and roofs of grass. They had never come across chemistry experiments (3)before Jo came here. Jo gave a detailed (4)description(describe) of her first visit to a village. After two and a half (5)hours(hour) of walking, she arrived at Tombe’s home (6)where she could see a low bamboo hut with grass (7)sticking(stick) out of the roof, which had no windows. Inside the house, she found a newly made platform for Jenny and her to sleep (8)on. Outside the house, she saw Mukap laid stones on the fire, placed them in (9)an empty oil drum with kau kau, corn and greens and then (10)covered(cover) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. She felt happy after the visit to Tombe’s family. ?
3. 閱讀主題活動
(1)What do you think about the life of Tombe?
His life is rather hard, original and simple, but he and his family are very friendly. ?
(2)When you graduate from the college, do you want to be a volunteer? And why?
I want to be a volunteer to help others when I graduate from the college, at that time, I have equipped with enough knowledge, and I am capable of helping others. ?
【要點精研·素養(yǎng)奠基】
1. uniform n. 校服; 制服 adj. 一致的; 統(tǒng)一的
*Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms.
不像我們國家的學(xué)生那樣, 這里的孩子們不穿棉質(zhì)校服。
*(2019·浙江高考)School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
在英國穿校服是個傳統(tǒng), 但是有些學(xué)校正開始擺脫它們。
*For twenty minutes or so, our train seems to travel at a uniform speed.
大約二十分鐘的時間里, 我們的火車似乎在勻速行駛。
【語塊積累】
in uniform 穿制服
school uniform 校服
uniform speed 勻速; 等速
uniform customs 統(tǒng)一慣例
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)It is suggested that driving at a uniform speed can save much energy. ?
據(jù)建議, 勻速駕駛可以節(jié)省很多能量。
(2)Before the ceremony, all the students will gather together in school uniform. ?
典禮前, 所有的學(xué)生將會穿校服聚集在一起,
(3)Some boys are playing in the road and among them a boy is in uniform. ?
幾個男孩在街上玩耍, 其中有個穿著制服。
2. not to mention 更不用說; 且不說
*There is no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices.
那兒沒有電, 沒有自來水, 甚至沒有課本, 更別提筆記本電腦、平板電腦或者別的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備。
*The environment is clean and elegant, not to mention its high-quality dishes as well as its top service. 這里環(huán)境很干凈很優(yōu)雅, 更不用說它高質(zhì)量的飯菜和頂級的服務(wù)了。
*Jack’s so lazy that he hates going for walks, let alone/much less jogging.
杰克很懶惰, 所以他討厭散步, 更別說是慢跑了。
【語塊積累】
(1)not to mention. . . =not to speak of. . .
=to say nothing of. . .
　　　　　　　　　　更不用說……
(2)let alone. . . =much less. . .
更不用說……
【即學(xué)活用】一句多譯
我喜歡蘋果派, 更不用說蘋果了。
(1)I love apple pies, not to mention apples. ?
(2)I love apple pies, not to speak of apples. ?
(3)I love apple pies, to say nothing of apples. ?
(4)I love apple pies, let alone apples. ?
3. shade vt. 給……遮擋(光線); 加燈罩; 把……涂暗
n. 陰涼處; 燈罩; 陰影部分
* (2020· 天津高考) Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. 在維尼說“是的”之前, 總統(tǒng)匆忙接著說下去, 語氣里有些許的歉意。
*She raised her hand to shade her eyes from the sun.
她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以擋住陽光。
*There stand some students in uniform in the shades.
陰涼處站著一些穿著校服的學(xué)生。
【語塊積累】
(1)a shade of 少許, 微微
shade sb. /sth. from sth. 為……遮擋; 遮住
in the shade 在陰涼處
(2)shaded adj.林蔭遮蔽的
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空
①The great tree shades passers-by from the heat of the sun.
②We would have a walk in the shaded(shade) street while we lived in the downtown.
(2)I can feel a shade of regret in his voice as to the result of the election. ?
對于選舉的結(jié)果, 我可以從他的語氣中感覺到些許的悔意。
4. ripe adj. 成熟的; 時機成熟的
*He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.
隨后, 他把熱的石頭放在一個裝著kau kau(甜馬鈴薯), 熟玉米和綠菜葉的空油桶里。
*(2020·江蘇高考) You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor.
你可以把談話引向有趣的話題, 而這些話題已經(jīng)成熟, 可以為其他人增添幽默感。
*To help these fruits ripen faster, keep them on the counter for 2 to 5 days.
為了使這些水果成熟得更快, 要把他們放在柜臺上2至5天。
【語塊積累】
(1)(be) ripe for 時機成熟, 準備就緒
ripe time 成熟的時機
(2)ripen v. (使)成熟
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)We are waiting for the first crops to ripen. ?
我們正等待著第一批農(nóng)作物的成熟。
(2)The time is ripe for heritage buildings to be opened up. ?
向公眾開放遺產(chǎn)建筑的時機已經(jīng)成熟。
(3)It is the ripe time for China to make a breakthrough in high-tech field. ?
中國在高科技領(lǐng)域取得突破的時機已經(jīng)成熟。
5. drag vt. 拖; 拽　vt. &vi. 緩慢而費力地前行
*My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
當(dāng)我們拖拽著疲憊的身軀下山回家的時候, 我渾身肌肉疼痛, 膝蓋在顫抖。
*The climbers dragged along the dried river bed to find a shade.
攀爬者沿著干旱的河床慢慢前行尋找陰涼處。
*Don’t drag behind others, you’ll make us all late.
不要掉隊, 你會讓大家都遲到的。
【語塊積累】
drag along 拖著腳走, 慢慢地行走
drag away 將……拉走; 將……硬拖走
drag behind 落在后面
【熟詞生義】
Some old thoughts may act as a drag on the development of the society.
一些舊思想可能會阻礙了社會的發(fā)展。 (阻礙)
【即學(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
(1)The police was ordered to drag away the protestants around the Congress.
(2)In order not to drag behind his classmates, he is determined to work hard.
(3)After one day’s hard work in the field, they could only have strength to drag along.
6. privilege n. 優(yōu)惠待遇; 特權(quán)
*Jo felt it was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
Jo感覺與Tombe一家人度過一天的時間很榮幸。
*(2019·北京高考)It’s such a privilege to be a part of these kids’ lives.
能夠成為這些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一種特權(quán)。
*Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library. 我們的會員享受這家圖書館借書服務(wù)的特權(quán)。
*Here I feel greatly privileged to introduce to you my favorite one—the Dragon Boat Festival.
在這里, 我很榮幸地向你介紹我最喜歡的節(jié)日——端午節(jié)。
【語塊積累】
(1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth. 有……的特權(quán)或榮幸
it’s a/one’s privilege to do sth. 做……是特權(quán)或榮幸
(2)privilege vt. 給予……特權(quán), 有特權(quán)
feel privileged to do sth. 榮幸地做某事
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空
①I’ll feel privileged(privilege) to be your guide during the visit.
②It’ll be our great privilege to benefit(benefit) from your expertise in health care. ?
(2)It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our fellow friends from Germany. ?
我很榮幸在這里與來自德國的朋友們分享這一時刻。
7. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere. ?
前幾天我正給孩子們展示一個化學(xué)實驗, 我還不知道什么情況, 這種混合物從試管里冒出泡泡, 濺得到處都是。
【句式解構(gòu)】
本句是be doing. . . when. . . 句型。when在句中作并列連詞, 意為“這時(突然)”, 相當(dāng)于and then, and at that time。
*He was doing his homework when the fire alarm began ringing.
他正在寫作業(yè), 這時火警響了。
*I was lying awake on my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
我正躺在床上還沒睡著, 這時薩拉突然跑進來, 開始大喊大叫。
【名師點津】突然發(fā)生的“when”
when作并列連詞, 意為“這時(突然)”的句型還有:
(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing. . . when. . .
正要做什么的時候(突然)……
I was about to leave the room when he came in.
我正要離開房間時(突然)他進來了。
(2)had done when 剛做完什么的時候(突然)……
I had just walked out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.
我剛從廚房出來, (突然)有人敲門。
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)We were talking when he suddenly took his jacket and ran away. ?
我們正聊著呢, 突然他就拿著夾克跑開了。
(2)He was about to give up the question when suddenly he found the answer. ?
當(dāng)他正準備放棄這個問題時, 突然找到了答案。
(3)He had not gone far when he bumped into a large cow and fell down. ?
他還沒有走多遠就撞上了一頭奶牛并摔倒了。
8. Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
后來, 我注意到一個罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
【句式解構(gòu)】
本句是一個簡單句。句中含有一個感官動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu), standing upside down on the grill over the fire為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語; 常用于本結(jié)構(gòu)的感官動詞有notice, see, hear, feel, find等。
*We were so happy that we didn’t notice the water rising.
我們?nèi)绱烁吲d以至于沒注意到水位在上升。
*I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.
我越過肩頭看到那個女士正緊緊地抱著棉被。
*Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.
突然, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己正面臨著一個困難的處境。
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by. ?
從商店里面, 我可以看到外面的人們正匆匆走過。
(2)I noticed him sitting there alone in the room at that time. ?
那時我注意到他正獨自坐在房間里。
(3)The driver found himself trapped in a big morass. ?
司機發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被困在一個巨大的泥潭里。
【一語聞天下】
1. By 2025, the agency plans on launching the world’s first orbiting junk collector to drag the space rubbish out of orbit.
該機構(gòu)計劃到2025年發(fā)射世界上第一個軌道垃圾收集器, 用來把太空垃圾拖離軌道。
2. Since January 21, 2020, the NHC has provided daily updates on nationwide cases on its official website and social media platform, and provincial health departments have done the same on local cases.
自2020年1月21日起, 國家衛(wèi)生健康委每日在官方網(wǎng)站、社交媒體平臺發(fā)布前一天全國疫情信息, 各省級衛(wèi)生健康部門也每日統(tǒng)一發(fā)布前一天本省份疫情信息。
3. Unlike mass-produced products, most alpaca dolls in Peru are handmade goods manufactured by local artisans in their family workshops, without uniform design requirement, said Bedregal, adding that it was hard to find partners as making 1, 000 identical alpaca dolls meant enormous work for local artisans.
貝德雷格爾說, 與批量生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品不同, 秘魯大多數(shù)羊駝玩偶都是由當(dāng)?shù)毓そ吃诩彝プ鞣皇止ぶ谱鞯? 沒有統(tǒng)一的設(shè)計要求。他還說, 很難找到合作伙伴, 因為制作1 000個一模一樣的羊駝玩偶意味著當(dāng)?shù)毓そ车墓ぷ髁亢艽蟆?br /> 4. “We continue working to open the door to new destinations, demonstrating that our food meets the highest quality standards, privileging functionality and safety, with qualities that are increasingly essential for Asian consumers, ” he added.
他補充說: “我們將繼續(xù)努力, 為新目的地打開大門, 證明我們的食品符合最高質(zhì)量標準, 強調(diào)功能性和安全性, 這些品質(zhì)對亞洲消費者來說越來越重要?！?br /> 【課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標】
Ⅰ. 語段填詞
1. The other day I received a parcel(包裹) and a mail (信件)from my nephew, who lives in the remote mountain area and studies in a secondary(中學(xué)) school. He especially presented me a picture, in which he wears a brandly new uniform(校服).
2. In the hut(小房子) once lived an old farmer, who had a sharp jaw(下巴), and many wrinkles(皺紋) on his face. In his house, there is a deserted fireplace(壁爐). A kettle (水壺)and a pan(平底鍋) lay on the table covered with dust(灰塵).
3. We helped the farmers clean up weeds(雜草), pick ripe (熟的)apples. Although it was rather hot, the big apple trees could provide shade(陰涼) for us. After a whole day’s hard work, we felt very happy and dragged (費力前行)ourselves along the path to school.
Ⅱ. 單句語法填空
1. Many pavilions have been built to shade the walkers from the sunlight.
2. He was cycling(cycle) in the countryside when it started to rain heavily. ?
3. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
4. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to take part in an activity called “ Save the Earth”.
5. I think it is ripe of me to try the new and challenging work.
6. We can watch the dragon dance and attend the temple fair, not to mention (mention)the delicious snacks we may taste in streets. ?
7. I saw many dancers dancing(dance)on the square happily.
8. Those black men who were protesting on the street were dragged(drag) away by the police. ?
Ⅲ. 結(jié)合課文主題, 使用本單元詞匯與句型寫一篇50詞左右的短文
1. 我曾經(jīng)在一個偏遠的中學(xué)支教。那兒的學(xué)生生活很窮苦, 沒有校服, 更別提現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)設(shè)備。
2. 盡管條件很糟糕, 但我仍然致力于教授他們更多的知識。課后, 我會幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝饲謇黼s草, 收獲成熟的莊稼。
3. 我離開后, 有一天當(dāng)我正在辦公室上班時我收到一封信。信里我教過的那些學(xué)生表達了對我的感謝。
　　I once volunteered to teach in a remote secondary school. The students there lived a poor life and didn’t wear uniforms, not to mention modern teaching equipment. Despite the terrible conditions, I was devoted to teaching them more knowledge. After class, I would help the locals clean up the weeds, and harvested the ripe crops. One day after I left the school for two years, I was working in my office when I received a mail, in which the students I once taught there thanked me. ?
十　Unit 4　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 單詞拼寫
1. Tu Youyou, a great chemist(藥劑師) and scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
2. (2019·全國卷Ⅱ)I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform (制服) looked so cool.
3. It would be great to set up a platform(平臺) where students from both countries can make friends and exchange thoughts and ideas.
4. We intend to wrap them in a big parcel(包裹) and post it to your school.
5. I wiped the dust(塵土) off all the furniture, and then I swept and mopped the floors.
6. Last week, our school held a chorus(合唱團) competition, the “12. 9 Chorus”.
7. He just patted her back lovingly, kissed her forehead(眉頭), and rushed for his office.
8. If they always follow others’ choices, they are bound to live a boring and rigid(死板的) life.
9. They want to make room for housing(住房) or offices during urban construction.
10. It is suggested that all primary and secondary(中級的) schools should offer elective courses related to artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ. 單句語法填空
1. He said that he was driving along the road when he lost control of his car.
2. I really like having a walk along shaded(shade) road with my friends after school.
3. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to have the chance to present my invention.
4. The unexpected illness dragged him behind other students in class.
5. It’s ripe for him to try out for an international team after so many years of hard training.
6. He was noticed wandering(wander) along the street at that time.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. You’ll save the miles to the theater and restaurant —not to mention the money . ?
您可以省掉去劇院和餐館的路——更不用提錢了。
2. A chorus of protest broke out when the politician was speaking. ?
當(dāng)這個政客發(fā)表演講的時候爆發(fā)出一片抗議聲。
3. I was reviewing my notes when the light turned off. ?
我正在復(fù)習(xí)筆記時突然燈滅了。
4. I noticed someone following me in the dark. ?
我注意到有人正在黑暗里跟蹤我。
5. It’s my privilege to show you around our campus. ?
我很榮幸?guī)銈儏⒂^我們的校園。

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
(2021·青島高二檢測)
　　Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37, 500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
　　The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
　　The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
　　Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees (難民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
　　The pair established the Tuk-Tuk Educational Trust, a U. K. registered charity.
　　Talking about their motivation, Richard said: “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but in spite of this pledge (誓言, 承諾), over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities. ”
【文章大意】文章主要講述了兩位英國老師為了支持非洲、亞洲和南美洲的基層教育項目, 歷經(jīng)千辛萬苦環(huán)游世界的故事。
1. Why did the two teachers travel the world?
A. To support an education project.
B. To create a new world record.
C. To entertain themselves.
D. To challenge themselves.
【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America. ”可知, 他們環(huán)游世界是為了支持非洲、亞洲和南美洲的基層教育項目。故選A。
2. How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average?
A. A little more than 23 kilometers.
B. About 14 miles.
C. 43 miles.
D. 70 kilometers.
【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段. . . after pulling their failing vehicle for
43 miles 和第二段后半部分The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days. 拖了43英里, 用了3天, 所以每天平均14英里。故選B。
3. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. How they realized their next goal.
B. Their exciting experience on the road.
C. The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D. The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
【解析】選D。段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞“tackle deserts and jungles; survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia; the mountain ranges lying in their path. ”可知, 在二人的旅途中, 他們穿越沙漠和叢林、與大象親密接觸過、出了一次事故、還要穿越沿途的山脈。故此段主要講述了他們在旅途過程中所遇到的困難和危險, 故選D。
4. Which of the following best describes the two teachers?
A. Curious and brave.
B. Humorous and generous.
C. Courageous and responsible.
D. Efficient and honest.
【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知, 兩位英國教師為了支持非洲、亞洲和南美洲的基層教育項目, 在將他們的故障車輛拖行43英里后, 打破了在一輛三輪摩的上完成最長旅途的世界紀錄。由此判斷, 他們是有責(zé)任感的; 根據(jù)第三段中的內(nèi)容, 得知他們在旅途過程中所遇到的困難和危險, 可知他們是非常勇敢的。故選C。
B
(2021·威海高二檢測)

　　Throughout history, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. From the bubonic plague to smallpox, humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses. However, there are now new ways for them to infect us. ?
　　Climate change is melting permafrost(凍土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years. As the permafrost melts, so to the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms.
　　In August 2016, a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
　　Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer of 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body, which then released the infectious pathogen(病原體) into the nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected, which then led to a small number of human cases.
　　While you may think the incident is isolated to that area, the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all. Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers, including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.
　　With climate change, who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.
【文章大意】文章講述了全球變暖導(dǎo)致疫情蔓延, 呼吁人類阻止全球變暖。
5. What does the underlined “new ways” refer to?
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back to life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.
【解析】選A。指代猜測題。根據(jù)“These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms. ”可知, 之前被冰封的古細菌和病菌, 隨著地球氣候的變暖會再度活過來, 所以new ways是指古細菌和病菌復(fù)活, 故選A。
6. Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016?
① A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected.
② Over 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected.
③ The bacteria went into the nearby water, soil, and then food supply.
④ The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.
A. ④③②①　　　　　 B. ④②③①
C. ①②④③ D. ①③④②
【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知, 七十五年前一頭鹿感染了炭疽, 鹿死了, 身體被冰封, 病毒休眠, 直到2016年的夏季酷熱期蘇醒, 這些蘇醒的病原體進入到附近的水、土地然后進入食物中, 感染了超過2 000頭鹿, 然后感染了人類, 根據(jù)第三段可知, 在2016年一個12歲的男孩感染炭疽并死去, 并感染了其他人。所以順序為④ ③ ② ①, 故選A。
7. Why does the writer write this text?
A. To introduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. To call on people to stop global warming.
C. To encourage people to study ancient viruses.
D. To warn of the danger of melting permafrost.
【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming. ”作者認為是時候號召大家一起來阻止全球變暖了?？赏茢? 作者寫此文的目的是號召人們阻止全球變暖。故選B。
8. In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website?
A. Geography. B. Environment.
C. Education. D. Medicine.
【解析】選B。推理判斷題。本文主要是講全球變暖導(dǎo)致疫情的蔓延, 所以屬于環(huán)境類, 故選B。
Ⅱ. 閱讀填句
　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
　　I finished training as a nurse in Auckland and I was expecting to get a job in a small hospital somewhere. But then a friend told me about Volunteer Now. I’d always wanted to go to an African country and use my nursing skills to help people. And here was a chance to do that, so I decided to apply. 1. 　　　　　 I got one hospital to sponsor me and then I borrowed some money from the bank. ?
　　So I went to Madagascar and joined a team of people working with a local supervisor (主管人). 2. 　　　　　 ?
　　By going round villages, we taught basic ways to improve hygiene (衛(wèi)生) and to avoid catching diseases. For example, we gave instruction about how to avoid catching malaria (瘧疾) and distributed mosquito nets to some of the homes. I think we did some good. I hope so anyway.
　　3. 　　　　　 I was suddenly in a completely different culture, teaching people who had such a different lifestyle from my own. It made a big difference to the way I see the world. And I also made some very good friends out there, both local people and the other volunteers. 4. 　　　　　 ?
　　After I came back, I got accepted straight away for a job at the university hospital. 5. 　　　　　I’m sure I wouldn’t have managed to do that if I hadn’t worked in Madagascar and got this practical experience. ?
A. We set up a program there.
B. I also got a lot from this program.
C. It is one of the best hospitals in Auckland.
D. So I’d recommend Volunteer Now to anyone.
E. I failed to take the opportunity though I could.
F. I had to raise $500 before I went, but that was quite easy.
G. We had such good times together and we’ve kept in touch since then.
【文章大意】文章記敘了作者去非洲國家做志愿者, 用自己的護理技能去幫助人們的經(jīng)歷。
1. 【解析】選F。根據(jù)后文I got one hospital to sponsor me and then I borrowed some money from the bank. 可知我得到一家醫(yī)院的資助, 然后我從銀行借了些錢。由此可知, 本句是在說明作者需要籌錢, 后文則講了作者是如何籌錢的。故選F。
2. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文So I went to Madagascar and joined a team of people working with a local supervisor. 可知我去了馬達加斯加, 加入了一個當(dāng)?shù)厝酥鞴艿膱F隊。以及下一段中By going round villages, we taught basic ways to improve hygiene and to avoid catching diseases. 可知通過在村子里四處走動, 我們教授了當(dāng)?shù)厝烁纳菩l(wèi)生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。由此可知, 本句承接上文說明作者加入團隊之后的事情, 他們在村子里設(shè)立了項目, 教授改善衛(wèi)生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。故選A。
3. 【解析】選B。根據(jù)后文可知我突然置身于一個完全不同的文化背景中, 教那些生活方式與我完全不同的人。這對我看世界的方式有很大的影響。我還在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括當(dāng)?shù)厝撕推渌驹刚?。由此可? 后文主要在描述作者從這個項目中受到的影響和學(xué)到的東西。故選B。
4. 【解析】選G。根據(jù)上文And I also made some very good friends out there, both local people and the other volunteers. 可知我還在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括當(dāng)?shù)厝撕推渌驹刚?。由此可? 本句承接上文說明作者和那些朋友在一起的情況。故選G。
5. 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文After I came back, I got accepted straight away for a job at the university hospital. 可知我回來后, 馬上就被大學(xué)醫(yī)院錄取了。由此可知, 本句承接上文說明這所醫(yī)院的情況。故選C。

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