?Unit 2　Iconic Attractions
Reading and Thinking
詞匯積淀·素養(yǎng)初探
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞
1. iconic (符號的) fictional characters and real people
2. the foundation(基礎(chǔ)) of a new state
3. a purely political (政治的) decision
4. a small town located (位于) 30 miles south of Chicago
5. a small village near the equator (赤道)
6. a barbecue (戶外燒烤) sausage
7. A smell of bread drifted from some distant bakery (面包店).
8. open a joint (共同的) account
9. a fat butcher (肉販)
10. one of the country’s premier (最著名的)chefs
11. a herb (藥草) garden
12. a hollow (中空的) ball
13. vibrate (振動) the house
14. to sound your horn (號)
15. tuned to the same pitch (音高)
16. a straightforward (坦率的) process
17. an advertising slogan (標(biāo)語)
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)語境用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空
1. Located at the mouth of the Mississippi River, this city is renowned for its jazz music.
2. The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school.
3. His voice vibrated with anger.
4. The improper use of medicine could lead to severe bad reactions.
5. Many of the plants are native to Brazil.
6. A good leader is always in close contact with the broad masses of the people.
7. Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.
8. They played a part in the life of their community.
Ⅲ. 翻譯下列課文原句, 并觀察黑體部分
1. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
位于赤道以南, 并在地球上很多國家的下方, 它常被非正式地稱為“down under”。
2. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
他們絕大多數(shù)的樂器其實就是地上找到的樹枝, 其中就有一種令人驚嘆的、叫作迪吉里杜管的樂器。
3. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips.
要演奏迪吉里杜管, 你把嘴放在一端, 一邊吹一邊振動嘴唇。
4. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! 我試著學(xué)習(xí)如何演奏它, 但經(jīng)過幾個小時的努力, 我確信我不能用這個樂器發(fā)出音樂的聲音!
5. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
據(jù)說現(xiàn)在幾乎一半的澳大利亞公民不是在海外出生, 就是父母在海外出生。
閱讀精研·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建
Ⅰ. 文本整體理解: 理清文章架構(gòu)
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.

2. What is the text type of the passage?
A. Narration(記敘文).
B. Argumentative essay(議論文).
C. Expository essay(說明文).
D. Practical writing(應(yīng)用文).
答案: A
3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
The passage is mainly about the writer who went to Australia to visit a friend and recorded in his blog about his travelling experience in every aspect of Australia, including its food, history, Aborigines and unique multiculturalism. ?
Ⅱ. 文本細(xì)節(jié)理解: 探尋語篇細(xì)節(jié)信息
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)What does the phrase“down under” mean?
A. Australia is surrounded by oceans.
B. Australia lies to the south of the equator.
C. Australia will be swallowed by rising sea water.
D. Australia has a lower ground level than other countries.
(2)What is the focus of the Aborigines’ music?
A. Love. 　　B. Nature. 　　C. History. 　　D. Food.
(3)How can a player change pitch when playing the didgeridoo?
A. By changing his mouth shapes.
B. By breathing in more air.
C. By pressing the finger holes.
D. By closing his mouth tightly.
(4)What impressed the writer most in Australia?
A. Its grand iconic sites.
B. Its unique animals.
C. Its various cultures.
D. Its different minorities.
(5)Why does the writer mention the slogan in the end?
A. To show his disappointment at travelling.
B. To praise the effect of the advertising.
C. To remind visitors not to go to Australia.
D. To stress the beauty of Australia.
答案: (1)～(5)BBACD
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.

Ⅲ. 文本素養(yǎng)提升: 閱讀技能綜合運用
1. 根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細(xì)致解構(gòu)語句
(1)Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food!
分析:
Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first ?
　時間狀語從句　主語　 　 謂語　 賓語　 狀語
open-air barbecue and has also shared ?
　 　　　　　　　　　　謂語
many different but yummy meals with me, so my first?
　　　　 賓語　　　　　　　　　　　　　　主語
impressions of Australia have been all about food! ?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　謂語　　　　賓語
譯文: 自從我到達(dá)以后, 我的朋友就帶我去參加了我的第一次露天燒烤, 還和我分享了許多不同但很美味的飯菜, 所以我對澳大利亞的第一印象就是食物!
(2)Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
分析:
Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been?
　　　　　　　　　　讓步狀語從句
Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in?
　　　　　　　　　　 主語　　　　　　謂語
shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new ?
　　　　　　　　賓語
cultural influences contributed by immigrants. ?
　　　　　with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語
譯文: 盡管1788年以來主要的文化影響是西方文化, 但少數(shù)民族文化也在塑造澳大利亞獨特的文化方面發(fā)揮了作用, 許多新的文化影響都是由移民促成的。
2. 閱讀主題活動
(1)What do we know about the Sunday roast?
The Sunday roast originated in England and was no doubt introduced in the very early days of the Australian life. Traditionally, this dish is made with beef but it is evident that Australians have made closer friends with the roast lamb, which has since become an Australian staple. ?
Nowadays, a lamb roast is more common than a beef roast and has become synonymous with many Australia Day celebrations and a sense of national pride. ?
(2)Why were the Aborigines in close contact with nature?
The Aborigines were hunter-gatherers who grew no crops and did not domesticate animals, so they were directly dependent on their natural environment. They employed agricultural practices that were far too sophisticated to be characterized as hunting and gathering. The Aborigines, though nomadic, had a very strong sense of attachment to sites and areas in their home territory, where most of their hunting and gathering was done. ?
(3)What problems do the Aborigines face?
Ever since the British first invaded, the Aborigines have had their land stolen from them or destroyed. Most is still to be returned today, and the loss of their land has had a devastating social and physical impact on the Aborigines. ?
The initial invasions also sparked huge waves of disease that killed thousands—many others were massacred. In just over one hundred years from the first invasion of their land, their numbers were reduced from up to an estimated one million to only 60, 000. ?
要點精研·素養(yǎng)奠基
1. located adj. 位于
*Mother finally located the children in the attic.
母親終于在閣樓找到了孩子們。
*Quickly he located the trouble in the engine and set it right.
他很快找出并排除了發(fā)動機(jī)的故障。
*Geographically, that country is located in the Southern Hemisphere.
從地理上說, 那個國家位于南半球。

locate sb. in/at. . . 　　　發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在某處
locate in sth. 在……定居
be located in/on 坐落于某處

　【即學(xué)活用】語法填空
(1)The kitchen is located in the basement.
(2)The store is located on the main street.
(3)Located in Sichuan Province, the area is renowned for its dreamlike scenery and abundant natural resources.
2. joint n. 公共場所(尤指價格低廉的飲食和娛樂場所); 關(guān)節(jié)adj. 聯(lián)合的; 共同的
*Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
面包店、快餐店、肉店、咖啡館和各處的餐館都提供了世界上最好的食物體驗。
*We did it together; it was a joint effort.
這是我們一起干的, 是共同努力的結(jié)果。
*There was something out of joint in the situation. Something was strange.
情況有點兒不太正常。有些事有點兒古怪。
*They found themselves a little bit out of joint with us.
他們發(fā)覺同我們在一起有點不自在。

joint effort　　　　　　　　　　　共同的努力
out of joint 混亂, 紊亂
out of joint with 與……不相稱
put somebody’s nose out of joint 使某人惱火

【即學(xué)活用】
(1)As you become older, your joints get stiffer.
隨著你的年齡增加, 你的關(guān)節(jié)就會變僵硬。
(2)All things there are out of joint. ?
那里的一切都亂七八糟。
(3)We recognize that global warming should be reduced by our joint effort. ?
我們認(rèn)識到, 減輕全球變暖需要我們共同的努力。
3. hollow adj. 中空的; 空心的
*I don’t like to hear his hollow words.
我不喜歡聽他那些空洞的話。
*This tree trunk sounds hollow.
這棵樹的樹干敲起來聲音發(fā)空。
*African countries cannot build on a foundation of hollow promises.
非洲國家無法靠虛偽的允諾進(jìn)行建設(shè)。

hollow pipe 　　　　　空心管子
hollow words 空洞的言語
hollow laugh 虛偽的笑
hollow promises 虛偽的允諾

【易混辨析】“空無一物”也不同
empty“里面沒有東西”“一無所有”
具有“空無一物”的隱含意義, 可以用來描繪box, vessel, cupboard, bag, purse, room, house, street, stomach, head 等詞
vacant“閑著的”“無人占據(jù)的”
著重指臨時性的情況, 如vacant seat, vacant apartment, vacant position等
hollow“空心的”“中空的”“空洞的”“下陷的”
常與tree, ball, cheeks, voice, sound, words, promises等詞連用, 既可用以指實物的“中空”, 亦可指 words, promises, compliments的“虛假”, 用于后者時是比喻意義
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)Better than a thousand hollow words is one word that brings peace. ?
一個能夠帶來平靜的詞語也比一千個空洞的詞語更好。
(2)Murray Pick’s hollow laugh had no happiness in it. ?
默里·皮克的干笑里沒有一點快樂。
(3)Will their good intentions become realities or hollow promises? ?
他們的好意會變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實呢還是成為虛偽的允諾?
4. vibrate vt. &vi. (使)振動
*The sea began to vibrate with waves that spread out in a circle.
大海開始振動, 波浪一圈一圈地向外發(fā)散。
*The leaves were vibrating in the breeze.
樹葉在微風(fēng)中抖動。
*She seems to vibrate with enthusiasm.
她似乎渾身熱情奔騰。

vibrate with 　　　　因……而激動
vibrate in the breeze 在微風(fēng)中抖動

【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空
The atmosphere seemed to vibrate with tension.
(2)The air in the desert seemed to vibrate in the midday heat. ?
沙漠里的空氣在正午時刻被熱氣熏蒸得顫動起來。
5. pitch n. 音高
*The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch.
迪吉里杜管的吹奏者必須改變他的嘴的形狀來改變音高。
*If everyone pitches in, we’ll soon have the job finished.
要是人人動手, 這工作馬上就能完成。
*He has pitched his ball into our house.
他將球扔進(jìn)了我們的房子。
*Fearlessly Jim pitched into his attackers, who soon all lay unconscious on the ground. 吉姆勇敢地還擊了襲擊他的人, 不久他們都倒在地上不省人事。
*They pitched two members out for failing to pay the money they owed.
他們把兩名因未交納所欠款項的會員開除了。

pitch　　　　　　vt. &vi. 扔, 投
pitch in 加入, 投入
pitch into sb. 批評某人, 攻擊某人
pitch out 開除, 逐出

【即學(xué)活用】
(1)If I really pitch in, I may be able to finish my paper before the deadline. ?
如果我加緊工作, 我也許就能在限期以前完成我的論文。
(2)The boat suddenly rocked and pitched him into the water. ?
小船突然搖晃起來, 把他甩進(jìn)水里。
(3)Let’s pitch the drunkard out. ?
我們來把這個醉鬼扔出去。
6. make up 組成; 化妝; 補(bǔ)充; 和解; 編造, 虛構(gòu)
*After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.
在這里待了一段時間后, 我印象最深的是這個國家復(fù)雜的民族和文化的融合。
*Six women and nineteen men make up the committee.
六位婦女和十九位男士組成了這個委員會。
*Looking through the mist, I could make out the figure of a woman standing under the street lamp.
透過薄霧, 我能看到路燈下一個女人站著的身影。
*He tried to make up for all the trouble he had caused.
他設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)他所造成的一切麻煩。
*He asked the tailor to make over his trousers.
他叫裁縫修改了一下他的褲子。

make out 　　　　　　辨別, 理解
make up for 補(bǔ)償, 彌補(bǔ)
make over 修改, 改造; 轉(zhuǎn)讓

　【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空
He has been made over into a new man.
(2)It was so foggy that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead. ?
濃霧彌漫, 司機(jī)看不清前面的路。
(3)We must work hard now to make up for lost time. ?
我們現(xiàn)在必須努力工作以彌補(bǔ)失去的時間。
(4)He made up a story without any foundation. ?
他所說的故事毫無根據(jù), 純屬虛構(gòu)。
(5)She chose Maggie to make her up for her engagement photographs.
她選擇瑪吉在拍訂婚照的時候為她化妝。

1. China shared the complete genome sequence of the novel coronavirus with the world once it had been identified, which laid a solid foundation for global efforts on vaccine development.
中國已鑒定出新冠狀病毒全基因組序列, 為全球疫苗研發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
2. A Chinese envoy to United Nations on Wednesday called on the US government to focus on saving American lives instead of “blame-shifting” to serve its political purposes.
一位中國駐聯(lián)合國特使周三呼吁美國政府專注于拯救美國人的生命, 而不是“推卸責(zé)任”, 以達(dá)到其政治目的。
3. Slogans like “Food is gift from nature, let’s not waste! ” are set almost everywhere a customer can see, from walls to tables at the restaurant.
像“食物是大自然的禮物, 我們不要浪費! ”這樣的標(biāo)語, 幾乎在所有顧客能看到的地方, 從墻壁到餐館的桌子上都有。
4. New Zealand is a South Pacific country located midway between the Equator and the South Pole.
新西蘭是一個南太平洋國家, 位于赤道和南極之間。
5. Most importantly, it heralds greater optimism after four years of global urgency. “The signing of RCEP, ” said China’s premier Li Keqiang, “will send a clear, strong, positive signal for advancing regional integration and economic globalization. ”
最重要的是, 這預(yù)示著在經(jīng)歷了四年的全球危機(jī)之后, 人們將更加樂觀。中國總理李克強(qiáng)說: “RCEP的簽署將為推進(jìn)區(qū)域一體化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)出明確、有力、積極的信號?！?br /> 【要點拾遺】
in close contact with與……密切聯(lián)系
*After graduating from high school, I didn’t really stay in close contact with my best friends.
在從高中畢業(yè)后, 我就再也沒有跟我最好的朋友保持過很緊密的聯(lián)系了。
*Have you had any contact with your lawyer recently?
你最近同你的律師有聯(lián)系嗎?
*Sullivan was able to make contact with the girl’s mind through the sense of touch.
沙利文能通過觸覺和這個女孩的心靈溝通。

contact with sb. 　　　　　與……的聯(lián)系
make contact (with) 和……取得聯(lián)系
lose contact with 和……失去聯(lián)系


　【即學(xué)活用】
(1)After she had become famous, he tried to make contact with her. ?
她出名之后, 他曾試圖與她聯(lián)系。
(2)People in close contact with infected birds can fall ill and die, but the latest report did not mention any human cases. ?
與感染病毒的家禽密切接觸者可能會生病死去, 但最近的報告沒有提到人被感染。
(3)Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly. ?
雖然他們都住在附近, 但我很快與他們失去了聯(lián)系。
課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確的單詞
1. Each complaint is analysed very closely, and if it has no foundation(基礎(chǔ)) it is refused.
2. Education is now a major political(政治的) issue.
3. The largest palace of the world, the Forbidden City, is located(位于) on the central axis of Beijing city.
4. Every month there is a joint (共同的) conference between the two departments.
5. He is one of the nation’s premier(最著名的) scientists.
6. He looked young, dark and sharp-featured, with hollow(中空的) cheeks.
7. Vibrations (振動) were felt hundreds of miles from the centre of the earthquake.
8. He raised his voice to an even higher pitch(音高).
9. He explained quite straightforwardly (坦率地) that there wasn’t enough work for us all.
10. “Power to the people” is their slogan(口號).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Pay attention to words, idioms, sentences and discourses, among which the most important is sentences. ?
閱讀時關(guān)注字詞、習(xí)語、句子和語段, 其中句子最為重要。
2. Located in the southwest of China, Yunnan has become the gateway from mainland of China to India and Southeast Asia. ?
云南地處中國西南邊疆, 已成為中國從陸上通向印度和東南亞的門戶。
3. The audience couldn’t wait to enter the gym where an important match would be held. ?
觀眾們迫不及待地想進(jìn)體育館, 那里將舉行一場重要的比賽。
4. She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired. ?
她收到一盒巧克力糖和一封信, 信上說她被解雇了。
5. While breathing deeply, loosen up, and stretch your limbs out, you will feel relaxed a lot then. ?
深呼吸的同時, 放松身體, 伸展四肢, 你會感到放松很多。
Ⅲ. 根據(jù)下面提示, 使用本單元詞匯與句型寫一篇50詞左右的短文
1. 龍門石窟位于河南洛陽, 是中國石窟藝術(shù)的標(biāo)志性符號。(located; iconic)
2. 龍門石窟的地基代表了中國石雕藝術(shù)的最高峰。(foundation)
3. 這些石窟與自然以及周圍的環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。(in close contact with)
　　Located in Luoyang, Henan Province, the Longmen Grottoes are an iconic sign of Chinese grotto art. The foundation of the Longmen Grottoes represents the highest peak of Chinese stone carving art. These grottoes are in close contact with nature and their environment. ?
課時素養(yǎng)評價
四　Unit 2　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確單詞
1. The explosion shook the foundations (地基) of the houses nearby.
2. There are two political (政治的) parties in the US—the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
3. A bar is conveniently located (位于) within the grounds.
4. All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane, round its equator (赤道).
5. He has acquired a reputation as this country’s premier (最著名的) solo violinist.
6. Her stomach felt hollow (中空的) with fear.
7. Every time a train went past the walls vibrated (振動).
8. A basic sense of rhythm and pitch (音高) is essential in a music teacher.
9. Roz is straightforward (坦率的) and let you know what she’s thinking.
10. They could campaign on the slogan (標(biāo)語) “We’ll take less of your money”.
Ⅱ. 選詞填空
do some research on, refer to. . . as, major in, on the other hand, lead to, along with, be native to, in close contact with, make up, play a part in
1. He majored in Political Science when he was at college. ?
2. As is known to all, too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. ?
3. People often refer to Du Fu as the greatest realistic poets in ancient China. ?
4. The problem of pollution arises along with the rapid development of industry. ?
5. The horse is not native to America—it was introduced by the Spanish. ?
6. I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. ?
7. Our Party must keep in close contact with the masses and rely on them, under no circumstances losing touch with them. ?
8. The books you read as a child can play a part in the job you have later in life. ?
9. Girls make up half of the students in our class, doing what boys can do equally. ?
10. On the other hand, we must guide the youngsters to correctly handle the relations between study and entertainment. ?
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. What I’m trying to say is that I can’t wait to see what you are performing tonight. ?
我想說的是我等不及要看你今晚的表演了。
2. I stared in to the dark and I was convinced that there was something out there watching me. ?
我盯著暗處, 確信那里的確有東西在盯著我看。
3. I felt he was wrong, although I didn’t say so at the time. ?
我覺得他錯了, 不過我當(dāng)時沒有說出來。
4. It is said that the scene of sunrise is very beautiful, but I had never seen it before. ?
據(jù)說日出的景色非常美, 可是我以前從未看見過。
5. Personally speaking, searching and enriching the experience of life is the real meaning of travel. ?
對我來說, 旅行的意義是尋找和豐富生活的體驗。

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
A
　　Shelton Murray has been playing the didgeridoo(迪吉里杜管) since he was five years old. Now 22, the musician will be travelling to the United States with the Australian Chamber Orchestra for the first time.
　　Mr Murray comes from an Aboriginal (土著的) community and said his love of the didgeridoo had grown out of his culture. He was taught by his father Lazarus Murray from a young age, but said he was also inspired by his grandfather Peter Apaak Jupurrula Miller. “My father learnt from David Blanasi. Then he taught me what he learnt from David, ” he said.
　　As the youngest member of a Tiwi Islander band called B2M (Bathurst to Melville) in the Northern Territory, Mr Murray played the didgeridoo for the opening act of the Tina Arena Darwin concert in 2014. Now his didgeridoo skills have caught the attention of the Australian Chamber Orchestra, where he was invited to perform in the show The Reef Revisited, which will be touring the US next week.
　　“It’s exciting for me to be travelling over to America, ” he said. Mr Murray said there were challenges for young Aboriginal artists to break into the industry but said it is all about having the right attitude.
　　Richard Tognetti, artistic director of the Australian Chamber Orchestra, said the team was excited to have Mr Murray join the 25-person orchestra. “He’s bringing a really traditional approach. We respect the sound that he brings into the orchestra. We’re used to the sound of a didgeridoo but playing it in LA, New York and Richmond Virginia will be interesting for the audience, ” he said.
　　Another member of the orchestra, Aboriginal musician Steve Pigram, said he was proud of Mr Murray’s achievement at such a young age. “He’s coming through that thing of performing in a reggae (popular music in the West Indies) rock band, same as what I did. But he’s got to this kind of level a little quicker. Well it’s taken me 40 years, ” he said.
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了來自澳大利亞的年輕土著音樂家Shelton Murray將加入澳洲室內(nèi)管弦樂隊前往美國進(jìn)行巡演。
1. How did Murray learn to play the didgeridoo?
A. He taught himself.
B. He learned from his grandfather.
C. He drew inspiration from David.
D. He followed his father’s instructions.
【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的My father learnt from David Blanasi. Then he taught me what he learnt from David可知, Murray是從他的父親那里學(xué)習(xí)了迪吉里杜管。故選D。
2. What do we know about B2M?
A. It’s a popular local band.
B. Its members are all very young.
C. Its tour around the US will come soon.
D. It’s a band in the Australian Chamber Orchestra.
【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的As the youngest member . . . the Tina Arena Darwin concert in 2014. 可知, 該樂隊在音樂會的開幕式上進(jìn)行了表演, 由此推測該樂隊在當(dāng)?shù)乇容^受歡迎。故選A。
3. What did Richard Tognetti think of Murray?
A. He needed to get along with the orchestra members.
B. He would play a valuable part in the orchestra.
C. He would face lots of challenges in the US.
D. He needed to learn traditional approaches.
【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的He’s bringing a really traditional approach. We respect the sound that he brings into the orchestra. 可知, Richard Tognetti對Murray評價頗高。由此推測Murray會在管弦樂隊中扮演重要角色。故選B。
4. What do Steve Pigram and Murray have in common?
A. They became famous at a young age.
B. They have played in a rock band.
C. They came from the same city.
D. They are of the same age.
【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的He’s coming through that thing of performing in a reggae (popular music in the West Indies) rock band, same as what I did. 可知, Steve Pigram和Murray的共同之處是他們都在搖滾樂隊表演過。故選B。
B
　　Close your eyes and picture the city of Paris. Now imagine the city without its most famous landmark: the Eiffel Tower.
　　The unthinkable almost happened.
　　When French engineer Gustave Eiffel built this tower for the Paris World’s Fair of 1889, it was controversial. The iron structure contrasted(對比)sharply with the historic stone buildings of Paris. Eiffel’s four-legged iron archway was supposed to last only 20 years. That’s when Eiffel’s permit to operate the building would expire(過期)and the city could choose to tear it down.
　　Yet from the beginning, Eiffel had a strategy to save his building. If the Tower was linked to important research, he reasoned, no one would dare to take it down. So he would make it a grand laboratory for science.
　　Scientific research began just one day after the Tower opened to the public on May 6, 1889. Eiffel installed a weather station on the Tower’s third (and highest)floor. He connected instruments by wire to the French weather bureau in Paris. With these, he measured wind speed and air pressure.
　　In 1903, still worried that his building might be torn down, Eiffel got a clever idea. He asked the French military to conduct its own research on radio communications at the Tower. He even paid the army’s costs.
　　French army captain Gustave Ferrié worked from a little wooden house at the base of the Tower’s southern pillar. From there, he made radio contact with forts around Paris. Convinced of the importance of radio communications, the army set up a permanent radio station at the Tower. In 1910, the city of Paris renewed the structure’s permit for another 70 years.
　　This year marks the iconic structure’s 125th birthday. Over the years, research conducted there has brought dramatic and unexpected payoffs. During World War Ⅰ, for instance, the French army used the Tower as a giant ear to receive radio messages. It even led to the arrest of one of the war’s most famous spies.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文, 介紹了法國埃菲爾鐵塔的一些歷史。埃菲爾鐵塔在建造之初因為與巴黎的歷史建筑不匹配而備受爭議并面臨被拆除的危險, 工程師Gustave Eiffel通過使它成為科學(xué)實驗基地而使它被保存下來。100多年來, 埃菲爾鐵塔發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。
5. What does the author mean by “The unthinkable almost happened”?
A. The Eiffel Tower was almost torn down.
B. Gustave Eiffel was more than an engineer.
C. It took great efforts to build the Eiffel Tower.
D. The Eiffel Tower has served important purposes.
【解析】選A。句意猜測題。通讀整篇文章可知“The unthinkable almost happened”是指埃菲爾鐵塔差點被拆除, 故選A。
6. The Eiffel Tower was controversial because 　　　. ?
A. it was giant and ugly
B. it would expire too soon
C. some historic buildings had to be removed
D. it didn’t match the historic buildings of Paris
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The iron structure contrasted sharply with the historic stone buildings of Paris. 描述可知, 埃菲爾鐵塔有爭議是因為它與巴黎的歷史建筑不匹配。故選D。
7. How did Gustave Eiffel save the Eiffel Tower?
A. By asking the army to defend it.
B. By showing its importance for tourism.
C. By making it a base for scientific research.
D. By asking the government to renew its permit.
【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Eiffel had a strategy to save his building. If the Tower was linked to important research, he reasoned, no one would dare to take it down及下文描述可知Gustave Eiffel通過使埃菲爾鐵塔成為科學(xué)研究基地拯救了它。故選C。
8. The arrest of a famous spy is mentioned to show 　　　. ?
A. the Eiffel Tower has lost its initial value
B. the Eiffel Tower has existed long enough
C. the research done in the Eiffel Tower had unexpected payoffs
D. the Eiffel Tower was successfully preserved during the war
【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Over the years, research conducted there has brought dramatic and unexpected payoffs. 和It even led to the arrest of one of the war’s most famous spies. 可以推斷文章提到一名著名間諜被捕是想表明在埃菲爾鐵塔研究有意想不到的回報。故選C。
Ⅱ. 閱讀填句
Fraser Island
　　Fraser Island, off the east coast of Australia, is an amazing sight. Waves of clear water crash onto the white sandy beaches. The people who first lived there called it K’gari. It means paradise(天堂), and that’s exactly what it is.
　　Fraser Island is a World Heritage Site(世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)區(qū))because of its unique natural surroundings. 　1　 It has more sand than the Sahara Desert. Huge sand dunes(沙丘) move slowly across the island with the wind. In the valleys between the sand dunes are freshwater lakes. 　2　?
　　The island has everything—over 120km of clean beaches, rainforests, and rare birds and animals. 　3　You need this type of vehicle because you have to drive through sand. ?
　　There are no roads on Fraser Island. 　4　Even airplanes land on the sand. It’s described as one of the most beautiful drives in the world. If you plan on staying overnight, you must camp out in a tent, as there are few places to stay on the island. 　5　 ?
　　Fraser Island is a beautiful and unique place. With everything so naturally beautiful, it will not be around forever. Everyone should see it once in their lifetime.
A. It is the largest sand island in the world.
B. You have to drive on the beach along the ocean.
C. Today the island is a popular tourism destination.
D. All hills on the island form through sand blowing.
E. There are only 360 people living there, and just a few hotels.
F. There are over 100 of these small, clean lakes all over the island.
G. To see all the beauty on the island, you can rent a four-wheel-drive vehicle.
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了位于澳大利亞東海岸的弗雷澤島的美麗景觀。它因其獨特的自然環(huán)境而成為世界遺產(chǎn); 島上有超過120千米的干凈海灘, 還有雨林、珍稀鳥類和動物; 這里還有美麗的駕車路線。
1. 【解析】選A。下一句提到“這里的沙比撒哈拉沙漠還多?！甭?lián)系下文, A選項“它是世界上最大的沙島。”切題。該選項中的it和下一句中的it都是指的Fraser Island。故選A項。
2. 【解析】選F。上一句提到“在沙丘之間的山谷里有淡水湖。”承接上文, F選項“島上有100多個這樣干凈的小湖泊?！狈险Z境。故選F項。
3. 【解析】選G。下一句提到“你需要這種車, 因為你必須在沙地上開車?！甭?lián)系下文, G選項“要想看到島上所有的美景, 你可以租一輛四輪驅(qū)動的汽車?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境。下一句中的“this type of vehicle”指代的就是G選項中的“a four-wheel-drive vehicle”。故選G項。
4. 【解析】選B。上一句提到“弗雷澤島上沒有公路。”承接上文, B選項“你不得不沿著海邊開車?！狈线壿? 兩句是因果關(guān)系。故選B項。
5. 【解析】選E。上一句提到“如果你打算過夜, 你必須在帳篷里露營, 因為島上幾乎沒有地方可以住。”承接上文, E選項“只有360人住在那里, 并且只有幾家旅館。”用來進(jìn)一步說明島上幾乎沒有地方可以住的原因。故選E項。

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