Unit 5　Launching Your CareerLearning About Language語法精講·素養(yǎng)提升長句(Long Sentences)觀察上面對(duì)話, 完成下面句子。(1)He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.  他問我們班上誰的書法最好。(2)The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain. 我讀的第一本英文書是馬克·吐溫寫的《王子與貧兒》。 (3)He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.  他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的樣子。(4)Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.  她來不來都無關(guān)緊要。(5)August is the time of the year for rice harvest,  so I work from dawn until dark every day. 八月是一年中水稻收獲的季節(jié), 所以我每天從早到晚地工作。 　　長句(long sentences)多因含有較多較長的修飾成分或包含多個(gè)并列句或從句而使得整個(gè)句子變長。一、長句的主要類型1. 含有較多成分的簡單句(同位語、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語、插入語); 2. 含有多個(gè)簡單句的并列句; 3. 并列句和主從復(fù)合句并存。*The average number of days with heavy pollution in cities at county level and above has dropped from 10 to 6.  (主語: number 謂語: has dropped )縣級(jí)及以上城市重度污染的平均天數(shù)從10天下降到6天。*Since 2013, China has rolled out a series of State-level regional development strategies to create new economic growth poles,  push forward integrated and coordinated development,  and explore ways of sustainable development for future generations. (主語: China 謂語: has rolled out 賓語: strategies)自2013年以來, 中國推出一系列國家級(jí)區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略, 著力打造新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長極, 推進(jìn)一體化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展, 探索子孫后代可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。　【即學(xué)活用】找出下列句中的主語、謂語和賓語。(1) Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo during COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control shows China’s determination to further open up its market and to continue to contribute to world economic recovery and development. 主語: Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo(動(dòng)名詞短語) 謂語: shows賓語: determination(2)Noted oil painter Zhao Peizhi,  born in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,  was exposed to the rich history and cultures of various nationalities living in the area during childhood.  主語: painter謂語: was exposed to賓語: history and cultures 二、句子的三種基本類型如果按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類, 英文句子可分為三個(gè)類別: 簡單句(Simple Sentence)、并列句(Compound Sentence)和復(fù)合句(Complex Sentence)。這里所說的結(jié)構(gòu), 主要是指句子中主語和謂語之間所構(gòu)成的關(guān)系。1. 簡單句(Simple Sentence)簡單句只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。句子可能有兩個(gè)或更多的主語, 也可能有兩個(gè)或更多的謂語, 但是句子中的主謂關(guān)系只有一個(gè)。簡單句還可以有定語、狀語等句子成分。*The people in the meeting room remained silent. 會(huì)議室里的人保持沉默。*Many young artists are advised to learn by copying the masters. 許多年輕藝術(shù)家們被建議通過臨摹大師們的作品來學(xué)習(xí)。2. 并列句(Compound Sentence)并列句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上存在并列、對(duì)等關(guān)系的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。從語法上講, 這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都能獨(dú)立地表達(dá)意思, 沒有從屬關(guān)系。但是它們?cè)谝馑蓟蜻壿嬌嫌幸欢ǔ潭鹊膬?nèi)在聯(lián)系, 使它們有必要構(gòu)成并列句。在并列句中, 并列連詞用來連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu), 即連接平行對(duì)等(即互不從屬)的分句。*Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress.  現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)在大多數(shù)國家被廣泛使用, 它們是進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。*She is tall, while her elder sister is short. 她很高, 而她姐姐很矮。3. 復(fù)合句(Complex Sentence)復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句(Principal Clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(Subordinate Clause) 構(gòu)成, 即有一個(gè)(或更多)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某一(些)成分, 如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語等。主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句都屬于復(fù)合句, 主句是全句的主體, 通常可以獨(dú)立存在, 從句則只用作句子的一個(gè)成分, 不能獨(dú)立。(1)主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that, whether, if和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how, when, where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義, 只起連接作用; 連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用, 在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕, 常用形式主語it代替主語從句放于句首, 而把主語從句置于句末。*What the doctor is uncertain about is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 醫(yī)生不能確定的是我母親是否會(huì)很快從這個(gè)嚴(yán)重的疾病中康復(fù)。*It is recommended that the project not be started until all the preparations have been made. 建議在所有準(zhǔn)備工作完成后再開始這項(xiàng)工程。(2)賓語從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句、表語從句大致一樣, 在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分, 在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去, 但如從句是并列句時(shí), 最后一個(gè)分句前的that不可省。在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,  desire,  request,  command,  doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后, 賓語從句常用“(should+) 動(dòng)詞原形”。who, whom,  which,  whose,  what,  when,  where,  why,  how,  whoever,  whatever,  whichever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句, 但句子語序要用陳述語序。(3)表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句大致一樣, 表語從句位于系動(dòng)詞后, 有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為: 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 +從句(若用that引導(dǎo)從句時(shí), 不能省略)。(4)同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。后跟同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 充當(dāng)句子成分, 在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略;  that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí), 沒有實(shí)際意義, 不充當(dāng)句子成分, 一般不能省略。如: *I had no idea that you were here. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 不能省略)我不知道你在這里。*Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? (that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 作賓語, 可以省略)你明白這本書讓你了解古希臘的生活了嗎? (5)定語從句定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定語, 修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞, 被修飾的名詞, 詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后, 由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。(6)狀語從句狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause) 指起副詞作用的句子?？梢孕揎椫^語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo), 也可以由詞組(如the moment等)引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開, 位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。 　【即學(xué)活用】在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞(1)Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only what they need. (2)She’d like to offer money to whoever needs it to continue his or her study. (3)Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at what he thought was a reasonable price. (4)After three days’ waiting,  there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind whether the police could find her lost child. (5)Our school is no longer what it was 10 years ago,  when it was not well equipped. (6)Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,  he succeeded where other more well-informed experimenters failed. (7) You should keep those old jam bottles ----you never know when you might need them. (8)What makes the school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. (9)As is mentioned above,  the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. (10)The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand why they insist on going by motorbike. (11)That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.  (12)Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 課時(shí)檢測·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ. 寫出下列句中的畫線部分是什么從句1. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. (主語從句) 2. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.  (同位語從句) 3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.  (主語從句) 4. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.  (定語從句) 5. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. (賓語從句) 6. I wonder why she refused my invitation.  (賓語從句) 7. Could you advise me which book I should read first? (賓語從句) 8. Whatever you have picked up,  you must give it back to whoever it belongs to.  (狀語從句) 9. Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.  (賓語從句) 10. —I drove to Qingdao to meet my friend last week. —Is that why you had one day off?  (表語從句) Ⅱ. 把下列句子合并成復(fù)合句1. He did it in this way. It was different from what we were used to. →The way he did it was different from what we were used to.  2. I was surprised by her words. Her words made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made. →I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.  3. Dave lost his job and was short of money. What he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother. →Dave lost his job and was short of money,  so what he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother.  4. Whether man can go back to the old days with time machine? It still remains to be a question. →It still remains to be a question whether man can go back to the old days with time machine.  5. What is she going to be when she grows up?  Lily has some idea. →Lily has some idea what she’s going to be when she grows up.  6. He made another wonderful discovery. I think this discovery is of great importance to science. →He made another wonderful discovery,  which I think is of great importance to science.  7. You should put the dictionary in a place. You can find it easily there. →You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily.  8. Recently I bought a second-hand computer. Its price was very reasonable. →Recently I bought a second-hand computer,  whose price was very reasonable.  用復(fù)合句翻譯下列句子并連句成篇。1. 我想將來當(dāng)記者, 但我父母建議我當(dāng)醫(yī)生。2. 他們認(rèn)為, 比起記者來, 醫(yī)生的待遇更好。3. 老師建議我做一個(gè)職業(yè)能力傾向測驗(yàn)。4. 不管檢測的結(jié)果怎樣, 我現(xiàn)在都要努力學(xué)習(xí)。5. 我現(xiàn)在要做的是學(xué)好知識(shí), 為未來做好準(zhǔn)備。　　I want to be a journalist in the future,  but my parents suggest that I should be a doctor. They argue that doctors are better paid than journalists.  My teacher suggests that I should take a career aptitude test. No matter what the test results are,  I will study hard now. What I need to do now is to learn knowledge well and prepare myself for the future.  課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)十四　Unit 5　Learning About LanguageⅠ. 選詞填空what, where,  whether, who, when,  how,  why,  as if, whatever, that1. It was a matter of who would take the position.  2. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows that our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.  3. When you’re older I think you’re better equipped mentally to cope with whatever happens. 4. Let’s pick up where we left off yesterday. 5. We can only guess what happened. 6. Whether he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt. 7. He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. 8. The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.  9. He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.  10. How do you manage to keep the place so neat?  Ⅱ. 完成句子1. He was able to ride a bike when he was very young.  他很小的時(shí)候就會(huì)騎自行車了。2. He didn’t see me until I called his name.  直到我叫他的名字, 他才看見我。3. Since/ Now that you need the book,  you may take it.  既然你需要這本書, 你就拿走吧。4. It is so hot that I want to go swimming.  天氣太熱了, 以至于我想去游泳。5. I’ll go there with you unless it rains.  除非下雨, 不然我會(huì)跟你一起去那里。6. If you are in trouble,  ask me for help/ just turn to me.  要是你有困難, 只管找我?guī)兔Α?/span>7. While I was watching TV,  my brother was playing basketball outside.  我看電視的時(shí)候, 我弟弟正在外面打籃球。8. I’ll come here right away as soon as/the moment I get the news.  我一得到消息就會(huì)馬上來這里。9. He didn’t hear the knock at the door because he was listening to the radio.  他沒有聽見敲門, 因?yàn)樗诼犑找魴C(jī)。10. If you don’t know the meaning of the word,  you’d better look it up in the dictionary.  如果你不知道這個(gè)詞的意思, 最好查查詞典。Ⅰ. 閱讀理解　　What would you like to be when you grow up?  A teacher?  A doctor?  An astronaut?  What do you need to do to achieve your dream job? Perhaps you think that studying well and then going on to work hard will get you the successful career you want. We are constantly taught that our hard work will eventually pay off.  But a government survey has shown that hard work is not the only thing that will help you to move up the ladder. Two thirds of people believe that who you know matters more than what you know when it comes to social activity. So are the connections that you have more important than your education? Seventy-six percent of the people in the survey believed that family background is important in influencing your chances of success. They believe that if you are privileged from birth,  you are more likely to have a successful career,  especially if your family is wealthy. Even if you don’t have a privileged background,  the people you know can still make a difference to your career. Networking is a skill which is encouraged by many career advisers. Some companies run networking workshops to try and encourage staff to meet other people,  to communicate and build relationships. It’s a valuable skill. But the survey also showed something quite interesting. Although most people believed that networks are more important than education,  many people put their own career success down to talent,  rather than background. 41% of the people said that their parents’ income had influenced their life,  but at the same time,  another 41% believed that they had achieved their own success. So which is more important,  what you know or who you know?  It seems that by working hard and making lots of connections,  the answer may be that both are very important. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。影響人們成功的根本因素是什么? 根據(jù)政府的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示, 對(duì)于這個(gè)問題人們持不同的觀點(diǎn), 文章的結(jié)論是, 要想獲得成功, 自身努力和良好的社會(huì)關(guān)系都很重要。1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Nothing is impossible. C. Hope for the best. D. No pains,  no gains. 【解析】選D。句意猜測題。此處與上一句 “. . . studying well and then going on to work hard will get you the successful career you want. ” 意思應(yīng)一致, 即: 好好學(xué)習(xí)然后努力工作會(huì)使你得到成功的事業(yè)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, A項(xiàng)意為“熟能生巧”, B項(xiàng)意為“沒有什么不可能”, C項(xiàng)意為“從最好的方面著想”, D項(xiàng)意為“沒有付出就沒有收獲”, 故選D。2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. 76% of the people think social relationship matters most. B. 41% of the people believe parents’ income is most important. C. 76% of the people think family background ranks first. D. 41% of the people believe they gained their own success. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容“So which is more important, what you know or who you know? It seems that by working hard and making lots of connections, the answer may be that both are very important. ”可知, 不是大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為社會(huì)關(guān)系是最重要的。A選項(xiàng)不符合文章意思, 故選A。3. From the passage we can infer that the writer writes the article to 　　　.  A. stress the importance of educationB. challenge the traditional beliefC. make lots of social connectionsD. encourage people to work hard【解析】選B。推理判斷題。文章第二段提出了傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為的“努力工作就能獲得成功”, 緊接著第三段通過一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果指出更多人認(rèn)為“社會(huì)關(guān)系和家庭背景才是成功的關(guān)鍵”, 并由此展開討論。由此推測, 作者寫作的意圖是挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)觀念。故選B。4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Way to SuccessB. Keep your Dream in MindC. A Wealthy and Smooth CareerD. A Survey on People’s Dreams【解析】選A。主旨大意題。文章開頭提出了傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為的“努力工作就能獲得成功”, 緊接著通過一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果指出更多人認(rèn)為“社會(huì)關(guān)系和家庭背景才是成功的關(guān)鍵”, 并由此展開討論。無論是哪種觀點(diǎn), 都是在談?wù)撊〉贸晒Φ姆椒? 故選A。閱讀理解When Jen Harris was laid off from her job at MPC Computers in Idaho last October,  she tweeted the message “just been laid off from MPC”,  “By the time I left the parking lot,  I had a job offer from a friend that had a Web development company in town, ”she told CNNMoney. It’s difficult to know how many people are actually finding work this way. But it’s obvious from interviews with job-seekers,  employers,  coaches and managers that the Twitter phenomenon is fundamentally changing the way people search for jobs. “A lot of companies aren’t advertising jobs in traditional ways, ” says Jason Rivera,  a graphic artist who teamed up with other San Francisco Twiners “to lead the pink-slip party (失業(yè)聚會(huì)) movement” for the networking messes. Rivera says Twitter allows companies to easily “follow” potential candidates online,  while giving job hunters a backdoor peek at companies where they may be interested in applying for a job. “It’s a great way to get up-to-the-minute information about a company and its latest products, ” Rivera says,  “as well as give you a shot at actually talking to a hiring manager on Twitter, as opposed to having your e-mailed resume end up as the 500th in his in-box. At the same time,  Twitter gives managers faster,  more efficient ways to get through the mess,  and that save them money. ”Paul Mabray knows that firsthand. As a chief strategy officer for Napabased VinTank,  a wine industry think tank(智囊團(tuán)), he used Twitter to spot and then practically “follow” the 23-year-old job candidate and gifted Twitter,  Ashley Bellview. “We got to learn about her personality,  her work ethic and her thought process by the information she’d linked to in her tweets and by how she communicated with other people on Twitter, ” Mabray says. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文, 介紹了Twitter正在成為求職者找工作的重要工具。1. Jen Harris is mentioned in the first paragraph to show that 　　　.  A. Twitter is becoming an important tool for job seekersB. more people lose their jobs recentlyC. it’s easier for IT workers to find jobsD. there are less jobs than we have expected【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知, 去年10月被解雇時(shí), 詹哈里斯在推特上發(fā)了一條失業(yè)信息, 于是她就很快就收到了一份工作邀請(qǐng)(獲得了一份新的工作), 再結(jié)合第二段可知, 推特正在從根本上改變?nèi)藗冋夜ぷ鞯姆绞? 由此可知, 第一段提到詹哈里斯就是為了證明推特正在成為求職者找工作的重要工具, 故A項(xiàng)正確。2. Twitter can give job hunters a chance to 　　　.  A. visit the companiesB. learn more about the companiesC. receive training about the computer operationD. have a face-to-face talk with the managers【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“while giving job hunters a backdoor peek at companies where they may be interested in applying for a job. ”可知, 推特為求職者提供了一個(gè)后門, 讓他們得以窺探自己可能有興趣申請(qǐng)工作的公司, 由此可知, 推特為求職者提供了一個(gè)更多地了解自己感興趣的公司的機(jī)會(huì), 故選B。3. We can know from the last paragraph that Ashley Bellview 　　　.  A. has a large circle of online friendsB. proves to be a gifted actressC. is not experienced in wine makingD. is considered a gifted candidate【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中作為葡萄酒行業(yè)智囊團(tuán)Napabased VinTank的首席戰(zhàn)略官, 保羅·馬布里利用推特發(fā)現(xiàn)并“跟蹤”23歲的求職者——非常有天賦的阿什利, 由此可知, 阿什利被認(rèn)為是個(gè)有天賦的候選人, 故選D。4. What would be the best title for the text? A. The Popularity of TwitterB. Twitter Helps Find JobsC. The Ways People Search for Jobs Are ChangingD. How to Get Jobs on Twitter【解析】選B。主旨大意題。通讀全文, 特別是根據(jù)第二段中的“the Twitter phenomenon is fundamentally changing the way people search for jobs. ”可知, 推特正在從根本上改變?nèi)藗冋夜ぷ鞯姆绞? 由此可知, 本文主要介紹的是推特正在成為求職者找工作的重要工具(推特幫助人們找工作), 所以這篇文章最好的題目是“推特幫助找工作”, 故選B。Ⅱ. 完形填空(2021?成都高二檢測)The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. —Eleanor Roosevelt. My home is a place of great beauty and agricultural richness,  as well as of war and natural disasters. When I was only fourteen years old,  I was filled with 　1　 in spite of the terrible surroundings. The families living here,  who tried to make their living from the land, 　2　 great losses.  I felt sorry especially for the children,  but I 　3　 to be hopeless,  I decided that where I was,  I could do 　4　 to help them. I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who 　5　 my knock,  “I know that you are 　6　 and give the birds that come to your yard a little 　7　. Please consider me your bird. Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your 　8　. I will take it to the temple where it can be given to the 　9　 children. ” No one seemed to mind giving me a handful of rice,  even 　10　 they had little themselves. On Sunday,  I would go to the 　11　 and give my handfuls of rice to the monks to give away to the children.  One day,  I came to a house that had 　12　 kinds to give. I told my story and asked if I could be their bird. The woman called her daughters,  and 　13　 gave me fifty cents,  as well as the handful of rice!  I began to ask for change and rice from the other “bird feeders”,  and they gave them to me. Everyone was happy to help those who were suffering,  even 　14　 only this small way. The temple was soon able to help everyone who came to them for food and clothing. “Consider me your bird. ” My childish idea had not stopped the war,  but anyway,  it was 　15　 some peace.  【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了作者在災(zāi)難時(shí)期去挨家挨戶收集一丁點(diǎn)分量的食物, 最后積攢起來, 足夠幫助孩子們度過饑餓。1. A. sorrow　　　　B. hopeC. comfort    D. happiness【解析】選B。根據(jù)內(nèi)容以及第一段中的“The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. ”可知, 盡管處于惡劣的環(huán)境中, 我依然充滿希望。sorrow 悲傷;  hope希望;  comfort 舒適, 安慰;  happiness快樂。故選B。2. A. suffered  B. survivedC. covered   D. made【解析】選A。根據(jù)“great losses”可知, 此處是遭受損失。suffer遭受;  survive幸存;  cover 覆蓋;  make制作。故選A。3. A. wanted  B. failedC. refused   D. stopped【解析】選C。根據(jù)“I decided that where I was”可知, 此處指拒絕失望。want想;  fail失敗;  refuse拒絕;  stop停止。故選C。4. A. something B. everythingC. anything  D. nothing【解析】選A。根據(jù)“to help them”可知, 此處指“做些事”。 something某事;  everything 一切;  anything 任何事情;  nothing沒有什么。故選A。5. A. said  B. repliedC. spoke  D. answered【解析】選D。根據(jù)“saying to each person”可知, 是有應(yīng)門的人。say說;  reply回答, 響應(yīng); 要與介詞to搭配。speak講;  answer回答, 響應(yīng)。故選D。6. A. glad  B. kindC. rich   D. poor【解析】選B。根據(jù)“and give the birds that come to your yard a little . . . ”可知, 此處是說對(duì)方善良。glad 高興;  kind 善良; rich 富有; poor貧窮。故選B。7. A. water   B. moneyC. nest    D. rice【解析】選D。water水;  money 錢;  nest 巢, 窩;  rice米。根據(jù)“the birds”可知, 此處是給“米”, 而且下文也有a handful of rice。故選D。8. A. temple B. roomC. door  D. garden【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文“I began knocking on every door”可知, 此處是“門前”。 temple 寺廟;  room房間;  door門;  garden花園。故選C。9. A. brave   B. hungryC. promising  D. nervous【解析】選B。根據(jù)“I will take it to the temple”可知, 在廟里有饑餓的孩子。brave勇敢的;  hungry饑餓的;  promising大有前途的, 有希望的;  nervous緊張的。故選B。10. A. where  B. thatC. so    D. when【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知, 沒有人介意給我一把米, 甚至當(dāng)他們自己幾乎沒有多少時(shí)。此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選D。11. A. village  B. hometownC. temple   D. house【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文“I will take it to the temple”可知, temple 在上句出現(xiàn)。village 村莊;  hometown家鄉(xiāng);  temple寺廟;  house房子。故選C。12. A. much  B. littleC. many   D. few【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文“gave me fifty cents,  as well as the handful of rice”(這家人每人給了我一把米, 而且還給了錢。)可知這家人有很多東西。kinds, 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 故用many符合句意, 故選C。13. A. every  B. eachC. neither   D. none【解析】選B。根據(jù)“The woman called her daughters”可知, 是每個(gè)人都給了我錢和米。故選B。14. A. by  B. withC. on   D. in【解析】選D。根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知, 每個(gè)人都很高興幫助那些受苦的人, 甚至只是用這種小的方式。in this way 為固定搭配。故選D。15. A. creating   B. mendingC. shopping   D. managing【解析】選A。根據(jù)“My childish idea had not stopped the war”可知, 此處是創(chuàng)造和平。create創(chuàng)造;  mend修補(bǔ);  shop購物; manage經(jīng)營, 管理。故選A。Ⅲ. 語法填空Many of us wake up feeling 1. 　　　　　(tire) in the morning.  Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, 2. (forget) that it might have a 3. (danger) effect.  Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as 4. 　　　　　 sign of our devotion to work and family.  Believe it 5. 　　　　　 not,  all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences.  We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep.  A survey of over 74, 000 people found that 35% reported sleeping less than seven hours daily 6. 　　　　　 average.  Furthermore,  the quantity of sleep 7. 　　　　　(change) greatly over the past 15 years.  This lack of sleep can lead to many serious 8. (problem).  One study found that 9. (simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before, 10. 　　　　　 could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.  【文章大意】本文介紹了很多人睡眠不足的現(xiàn)象和由此導(dǎo)致的一些問題。1. 【解析】tired。考查形容詞。本句主語是人, 故用形容詞tired作feeling的表語。2. 【解析】forgetting。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幣c其邏輯主語Many of us 構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。3. 【解析】dangerous?？疾樾稳菰~?？蘸鬄槊~故用形容詞修飾。4. 【解析】a。考查冠詞。此處表示泛指。5. 【解析】or?？疾楣潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)。句意: 信不信由你。6. 【解析】on ?？疾榻樵~。on average為固定搭配。7. 【解析】has changed。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中時(shí)間狀語“ over the past 15 years ”可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài), 主語是“the quantity of sleep”故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。8. 【解析】problems?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)?？涨坝衜any修飾。9. 【解析】simply?？疾楦痹~。此處修飾非謂語動(dòng)limiting,  故應(yīng)用副詞。10. 【解析】which。考查定語從句。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該句為非限制性定語從句, 又因關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語, 指代空前的句子, 故用which。  

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