
詞句精講精練
【詞匯精講】
1. invent
(1)invent 作動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造”。例如:
Edisn invented the light bulb. 愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。
(2)invent還可以表示“虛構(gòu)”。例如:
The whle stry was invented. 整個(gè)故事是虛構(gòu)的。
(3) invent的名詞形式有兩個(gè),一個(gè)是inventr(發(fā)明者;發(fā)明家),另一個(gè)是inventin(發(fā)明物)。例如:
Edisn is a great inventr in histry. 愛迪生是歷史上偉大的發(fā)明家。
Human histry is als a histry f great inventins. 人類的歷史也是一個(gè)偉大發(fā)明的歷史。
【拓展】
invent和discver辨析
(1)invent 意為“發(fā)明,發(fā)明之物”指“從無到有”。例如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephne in 1876.
亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾在1876年發(fā)明了電話。
(2)discver 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指“本來就已經(jīng)存在,但不為人知”的事物。例如:
Clumbus discvered America in 1492. 哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。
2. fr example
fr example意為“例如”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“舉例”說明,而且一般只舉同類人或物中的一個(gè)作為插入語,且用逗號(hào)隔開。fr example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如:
There are many kinds f pllutin, fr example, nise is a kind f pllutin.
有許多種污染方式,例如噪音就是一種污染。
Many students like playing cmputer games,fr example,Mike.
許多學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲,比如邁克。
【拓展】
such as意為“例如”,用來“羅列”同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子,可置于被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,但such as后邊不能用逗號(hào)。例如:
Many f the English prgrams are welcme, such as Fllw Me, Fllw Me t Science.
其中有許多英語節(jié)目很受歡迎,例如《跟我學(xué)》《跟我學(xué)科學(xué)》。
English is spken in many cuntries, such as Australia, Canada and s n.
許多國家說英語,如澳大利亞和加拿大等。
3. ppular
(1) ppular作形容詞,意為“流行的,受人歡迎的”。常用短語為be ppular with,意為“受……的歡迎。例如:
The mst ppular sprt is ftball. 最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)是足球。
He is ppular with ur classmates. 他在我們班里有人緣。
(2)ppular作形容詞,意為“民眾的;大眾的”。例如:
Ppular educatin is ne f ur majr bjectives.
民眾教育是我們的主要目標(biāo)之一。
He speaks in ppular language. 他用通俗的語言講話。
【拓展】
ppularity作名詞,意為“普及,流行;大眾化”。例如:
Glf has gained ppularity amng the wealthy in my cuntry.
高爾夫球已在我國富有的人中流行起來。
The ppularity f private cars is changing the peple’s life style.
私家車的普及正在改變著人們的生活方式。
4. remain
(1)remain用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“剩下、留下、呆在”,相當(dāng)于stay。 例如:
When the thers had gne, Jan remained (=stayed) t clean the rm.
別人走了,瓊留下來清掃房間。
Only a few leaves remained (=were still) n the tree.
樹上只剩下幾片葉子了。
The Smiths remained there all thrugh the year.
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The sldiers were rdered t remain where they were.
士兵們接到命令呆在原地。
(2)remain作連系動(dòng)詞,意為“一直保持,仍然處于某種狀態(tài)中”。例如:
Peter became a manager but Jhn remained a wrker.
彼得當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理,但約翰仍然是一個(gè)工人。
Whatever great prgress yu have made, yu shuld remain mdest.
無論你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步,你都應(yīng)一直保持謙虛。
The shp remains pen until 11 at night.
這個(gè)商店一直營業(yè)到晚上十一點(diǎn)。
Whether it will be gd t us remains t be seen.
這是否對(duì)我們有好處,還有待觀察。
5. smell
smell作名詞,表示“氣味”。smell作連系動(dòng)詞,意為“聞、嗅”,后面常用形容詞作表語。
例如:
What’s the pleasant smell? 香味是什么?
The dumplings smell nice. 這些水餃聞起來很好。
【拓展】
(1)lk,sund,smell,taste,feel這五個(gè)動(dòng)詞都與人的感覺有關(guān),可稱之為“感官”動(dòng)詞。這五個(gè)動(dòng)詞均可作連系動(dòng)詞,后面接形容詞作表語,說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。其意思分別為“看/聽/聞/嘗/摸起來……”。除lk之外,其它幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語往往是物,而不是人。
例如:
The ld man lks very happy. 那個(gè)老人看起來很幸福。
These flwers smell very sweet. 這些花聞起來很香。
The tmates feel very sft. 這些西紅柿摸起來很軟。
(2)lk,sund,smell,taste,feel這些動(dòng)詞后面也可接介詞like短語,like后面常用名詞。
例如:
Her idea sunds like fun. 她的主意聽起來很有趣。
6.take place
take place常用于歷史事件或會(huì)議的發(fā)生,以及化學(xué)、物理變化,有事先預(yù)料或計(jì)劃的意思,即“計(jì)劃發(fā)生”。例如:
The party tk place yesterday evening. 昨晚舉辦了晚會(huì)。
Great changes have taken place in ur hmetwn during the past ten years.
我們家鄉(xiāng)在過去的十年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
【拓展】
happen指具體客觀事物的發(fā)生,常有偶然性,未能預(yù)見性,即“偶然發(fā)生”。happen和take place均為不及物動(dòng)詞,無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
(1) 表示“某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了什么事”,常用“sth. + happened + 時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”這一結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí)主語應(yīng)該是物。例如:
The stry happened in 2008. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那條街上發(fā)生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”要用“sth. + happened + t sb.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
A car accident happened t her this mrning. 今天上午她出了車禍。
What happened t yu? 你怎么啦?
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + t d sth.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
I happened t meet a friend f mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個(gè)朋友。
7.bil
bil作動(dòng)詞,意為“使……煮沸,使……燒開”。例如:
I std in the kitchen, waiting fr the water t bil.
我站在廚房,等著水燒開。
【拓展】
(1) biling作形容詞,表示 “炎熱的; 沸騰的”。例如:
When everybdy else is biling ht, I’m freezing!
當(dāng)其他所有人都酷熱難耐時(shí),我卻凍得夠嗆!
Placing an egg int a huge pan full f biling water isn’t easy either.
把蛋丟進(jìn)一口裝滿開水大鍋也不是容易的事。
(2)biled作形容詞,表示“煮過的;煮熟的”。例如:
I’d like t drink a glass f cl biled water. 我想喝一杯涼開水。
8. achieve
( 1)achieve作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)”。例如:
Yu will never achieve anything if yu spend yur time that way.
你若總是這樣消磨時(shí)間,就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有所成就。
Everybdy shuld be given the chance t achieve their aims.
要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。
N ne can achieve anything withut effrt.
誰也不可能不努力而有所作為。
(2)achieve作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“達(dá)到,贏得”。例如:
The actr achieved fame when he was nly nineteen.
那位演員十九歲時(shí)就成名了。
She achieved n success. 她沒有獲得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名詞,意為“成就,成績”。例如:
The inventin f the cmputer is a great achievement.
發(fā)明電腦是一大成就。
9. pleasure
pleasure作名詞,指“愉快的事,樂趣”。
It’s a pleasure t meet yu. 見到你很快樂。
It’s my pleasure. 不客氣(接受道謝時(shí)回答)。
【拓展】
(1) pleased作形容詞,指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高興、滿意”,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為:be pleased+不定式或從句, be pleased with, be pleased at (abut)。例如:
I’m very pleased with the perfrmance. 我很滿意這次表演。
We’re pleased abut (at) yur success. 對(duì)于你的成功我們很滿意。
I’m quite pleased that she has gt such a gd chance.
我很高興她得到這樣一個(gè)好的機(jī)會(huì)。
(2) pleasant作形容詞,意為“令人愉快的,討人喜歡的”。例如:
They spent a very pleasant afternn in the hills.
他們?cè)谏缴隙冗^一個(gè)令人舒心的下午。
Spring weather is pleasant. 春天的天氣讓人心曠神怡。
【詞匯精練】
I.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全句子。
1. This kind f camera is p_______ in an American factry.
2. A few pears r________ n the trees.
3. Can yu name the fur famus i________ in ancient China?
4. The sng is very p________ n the Internet.
5. Lu Xun was ne f the greatest writers in the 20th c_________ f China.
6. His laziness makes it impssible fr him t a______ success.
7. Here’s sme b______ water, and have a drink whenever yu’re thirsty.
8. Every time when we m______ this teacher, their students are very prud.
II. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Julie Thmpsn is the ___________ (invent) f battery-perated slippers.
2. There are sme green ___________ (leaf) n the tree.
3. His paintings is very _________(create).
4. This trip was very ___________ (please). Everyne had a gd time.
5. I think the sup tastes quite _________ (salt).
6. D yu knw the tea was _______ (invent) by a Chinese man?
7. Have yu _______ (ntice) that big sign n the wall? What’s the meaning f it?
8. This new kind f train was _______ (prduce) by ur wn cuntry.
9.Zheng Chenggng is a great ______(natin) her in Chinese histry.
10. When we gt t the park, we fund the rubbish was _______ (thrw) everywhere.
III. 選用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. It was a ____________ surprise.
2. I went t Rme fr __________, nt n business.
3. I’ll be _________ t lend yu the bk.
4. That mvie isn’t __________ t see.
5. It gives me great __________ t grw flwers.
6. He shwed her arund the city with _________.
7. She was __________ with her new rm.
8. —Wuld yu hld this fr a mment?
—With ___________.
IV. 用方框內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文。
Have yu ever had prblems in yur life that gt in the way f yur happiness? If s, yu will find Being a Happy Teenager by Australian writer Andrew Matthews (1) _______. In his bk, Matthews tells us(2)_______ t have a happy life, and answers sme cmmn questins teenagers have.
The bk says we shuld stp being angry. The bk als (3)_______ us sme useful skills such as hw t put what yu have learnt int mental (心理的) pictures t make yur memry better.
Success cmes frm a gd(4)_______. Sme schlbys have prblems such as being t tall r t shrt. But Matthews tells us(5)________ cmes frm thinking abut things in a psitive way. If yu are tall, peple ntice yu, and yu can get a gd view at the mvie; if yu are shrt, yur clthes and shes wn’t take t much rm in yur bedrm! This is Matthews’ mst imprtant lessn: Yu can(6)_______ t be happy!
【參考答案】
I. 根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全句子。
1. prduced 2. remain 3. inventins 4. ppular
5. century 6. achieve 7. biled 8.mentin
II. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. inventr 2. leaves 3. creative 4. pleasant 5. salty
6.invented 7.nticed 8.prduced 9. natinal 10.thrwn
III. 選用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. pleasant 2. pleasure 3. pleased 4. pleasant 5. pleasure
6. pleasure 7. pleased 8. pleasure
IV. 用方框內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文。
1. helpful 2. hw 3. teaches 4. attitude 5. happiness 6. learn
【句式精講】
1. When was it invented?
…was invented …句意為“某物被發(fā)明……”,是被動(dòng)句式。例如:
The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese.
算盤在十六世紀(jì)由中國人發(fā)明的。
Wh was the light bulb invented by?燈泡是由誰發(fā)明的?
【拓展】
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+be dne(及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞),be是隨人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化而變化的。
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/ is/ are dne 例如:
The blackbard is cleaned by the students every class.
黑板每節(jié)課都被學(xué)生擦干凈。
(2)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/ were dne 例如:
The cmputer was invented last century.
電腦是上個(gè)世紀(jì)被發(fā)明的。
(3)一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):shall/will be dne 例如:
A new schl will be built in ur village next year.
明年一所新的學(xué)校將在我們村莊建設(shè)。
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are being dne 例如:
A sprts meeting is being held in ur schl nw.
運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)正在我們學(xué)校舉行。
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have/has been dne 例如:
All f the wrk has been finished since I came here.
自從我來這里以來,所有的工作都已經(jīng)完成。
(6)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):can/may/must/shuld be dne 例如:
Yur hmewrk must be handed in after schl.
你們的家庭作業(yè)必須在放學(xué)后交上。
(7)復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài):原來的句子是“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”,在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)候只能將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)語態(tài)中賓語補(bǔ)足語是省掉t的不定式時(shí),在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中需要還原t。
They heard her sing an English sng at the party.
他們?cè)谕頃?huì)上聽到她唱了一首英語歌。
變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)是:She was heard t sing an English sng at the party.
2. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
sth. be used…是被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式,表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配:
(1)be used fr 意思是“被用來做某事”,fr是介詞,它的后面用名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如:
Knives are used fr cutting things. 刀是用來割東西的。
(2)be used as意思是“被作為……使用”,as是介詞,意思是“作為”。 它強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或者手段來使用。例如:
Our classrm is used as a reading-rm.
我們的教室被用來當(dāng)閱覽室使用。
(3)be used by意思是“被……使用”,by后面跟人或者物,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的使用者。
This radi is ften used by my mther.
這臺(tái)收音機(jī)經(jīng)常被我的媽媽使用。
(4)be used t d smething意思是“被用來做某事”,和be used fr ding是同義詞短語。
It is used fr learning English.=It is used t learn English.
它是被用來學(xué)習(xí)英語的。
3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nng was…
It is said that…是一個(gè)固定搭配的句型,it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面的that從句。它的
思是“據(jù)說……”。例如:
It is said that Mary is very happy in Lndn. (主語從句)
= They say that Mary is very happy in Lndn.(賓語從句)
據(jù)說瑪麗在倫敦是非常幸福的。
【拓展】
另外類似的句型有:It is believed…(人們相信),It is reprted that …(據(jù)報(bào)道),It is suppsed that… (據(jù)猜測)。例如:
It is believed that n December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in histry was played.
人們相信歷史上首次籃球比賽是在1891年12月21日舉行的。
It is suppsed that there is n life n the mn.
據(jù)推測月球上是沒有生命的。
It is reprted that anther earth satellite has been put int rbit.
據(jù)報(bào)道又有一顆衛(wèi)星上天了。
4. In England, tea didn’t appear until arund 1660, but…
until意為“直到……”,有下列用法:
(1)作介詞,后接時(shí)間名詞,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。作連詞,后接從句,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
例如:
She stayed there until 9 ’clck. 她一直等到9點(diǎn)鐘。
We waited until the rain stpped. 我們等到雨停了。
(2) until用在肯定句中,多與持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞連用。如:stand/wait/stay等,表示主句動(dòng)作的終止時(shí)間。
(3) until可用于否定句中,即nt…until…意為“直到……才”,常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如:pen/start/leave/arrive等,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間。例如:
The child didn’t g t bed until his father came back.
直到父親回來,那個(gè)孩子才睡覺。
5. Basketball has nt nly becme a ppular sprt t play, but it has als becme…
(1)nt als的意思是“不但……而且……”,連接兩個(gè)并列成分,如果連接兩個(gè)主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞和als后面的主語保持一致。
Nt nly my mther but als I like t g t the garden.
不僅媽媽而且我也喜歡去花園。
(2)以nt nly…but als 開頭的句子往往引起倒裝。
Nt nly did he cmplain abut the fd, but he refused t pay fr it.
他不僅抱怨飯不好吃,而且拒絕付飯錢。
【句式精練】
I.被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式變換。
1. My mther made this skirt last mnth.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
This shirt _________ _________ by my mther last mnth.
2. Li Lei asked me t g t his birthday party.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
I ________ _________ t g t Li Lei’s birthday party.
3. What d peple use the pen t d? (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
What ______ the pen ______ t d by peple?
4. Many bks have been sent t the Hpe Schl in that village.(改為主動(dòng)語態(tài))
We _______ ________ many bks t the Hpe Schl in that village.
5. The wrkers were made t finish the wrk at nce by the manager. (改為主動(dòng)語態(tài))
The manager ______ the wrkers ______ the wrk at nce.
II. 根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
1.這是由誰發(fā)明的?
Wh ______ ______ ______ by ?
2.你的手機(jī)是國產(chǎn)的嗎?
______ yur mbile phne _______ ______ China?
3.這個(gè)孤兒將由一位女士照顧。
This rphan ______ ______ ______ ______ _______by a lady.
4.我們被分成了兩個(gè)小組。
We ______ _______ _______ tw grups.
5.直到他明天回來我才能告訴他。
I wn’t tell him _______ he _______ back tmrrw.
6.英語被作為一種重要的工作語言使用。
English is ________ ________ an imprtant wrking language.
7.冰不夠厚,不能滑冰。
The ice wasn’t _________ ________ fr yu t skate n.
8.他不僅學(xué)習(xí)努力,而且認(rèn)真工作。
He nt _______ studies hard _______ als wrks well.
9. 據(jù)說她很有成功的把握。
_______ _______ _______she is quite sure f success.
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)
_________ ________ this sign mean?
2. The telephne was invented befre the car.(改為同義句)
The car was invented ________ ________ ________.
3. This by is nt ld enugh t g t schl.(改為同義句)
This by is ___________ __________ t g t schl.
4. I prefer ranges t apples.(改為同義句)
I _________ ________ ranges __________ _________ apples.
5. Taking exercise ften can make yu healthy. ( 改為同義句)
It’s _______ _______ yur health _______take exercise ften.
6. The man made his baby laugh. (改為同義句)
The baby was ________ _______ _______.
IV.仔細(xì)閱讀對(duì)話,選擇方框內(nèi)的句子填空,使對(duì)話意思連貫正確。
A: Gd mrning. 1
B: Yes. I’d like t buy a duster (撣子).
A: Lk at this ne. It’s the newest.
B: Oh, it lks nice and it’s s light. The feathers (羽毛) feel sft, t. 2
A: The feathers are made f space-age fibers (非常現(xiàn)代化的纖維).
B: Spare-age fibers? 3
A: The traditinal nes just mve dust particles (塵埃) arund while this duster attracts (吸引) dust particles and hlds n t them.
B: Really? 4
A: Yu can safely clean chairs, tables, beds, cupbards, TVs, chandeliers (吊燈), etc.
B: 5
A: Put it int water each time after yu have finished cleaning and it will becme clean.
B: They are really magic. I’ll take ne.
【參考答案】
I.被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式變換。
1. was made 2. was asked 3. is; used 4. have sent 5. made; finish
II. 根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
1. was it invented 2.Is; made in 3.will be taken care f
4. were divided int 5.until; cmes 6. used as
7. thick enugh 8. nly,but 9. It is said
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. What des 2. after the telephne 3. t yung
4. wuld like,rather than 5.gd fr, t 6. made t laugh
IV.仔細(xì)閱讀對(duì)話,選擇方框內(nèi)的句子填空,使對(duì)話意思連貫正確。
1-5 DBGAE
learn, help, much, happy, teach, attitude, hw
A. What can I clean with such a duster?
B. What are they made f?
C. What shall I d?
D. Can I help yu?
E. Hw can I remve dirty particles frm it?
F. Are they new materials?
G. Then what’s the difference between this duster and the traditinal nes?
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