一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．rail n．　　　 　　　　鐵路；欄桿，扶手；橫桿
2．outer adj. 遠(yuǎn)離中心的，外圍的；
外表的，表層的
3．metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都會(huì)的
4．tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道
5．section n. 部分；部件；部門
6．ownership n. 所有權(quán)，產(chǎn)權(quán)
7．a(chǎn)rchitect n. 建筑師
8．prime adj. 首要的，主要的_
n. 盛年；鼎盛時(shí)期
9．minister n. 部長(zhǎng)，大臣；牧師
10．user-friendly adj. 方便用戶的，便于使用的_
11．platform n. 站臺(tái)，月臺(tái)；平臺(tái)；講臺(tái)，舞臺(tái)_
12．handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量)
13．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞滿，堵塞
n. 哽咽聲，嗆住的聲音
14．interval n. 間隔，間隙
15．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
　　　　adj. 行人(使用)的
16．crash n．& vi.& vt. 撞車；碰撞；倒閉；崩潰
17.brake n．　 　　　　　　　剎車，車閘
vt. 用車閘減速，剎車
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．detail n. 具體情況，詳情，細(xì)節(jié)
2．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)力，權(quán)威；官方，當(dāng)權(quán)者；批準(zhǔn)，授權(quán)
3．enlarge vt.& vi. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，增大
4．a(chǎn)nniversary n. 周年紀(jì)念日
5．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分開；撕開，割破
6．a(chǎn)nnual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
7．departure n. 離開，出發(fā)；背離，違反
8．timetable n. 時(shí)間表，時(shí)刻表
9．drunk adj. 喝醉的
n. 醉漢，酒鬼
10．convey vt. 運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)
11．postpone vt. 延遲，延期
12．undertake vt.& vi. 承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng)
13．a(chǎn)rise vi. 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生
14．reservation n. 預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見
15．load n. 負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多
　 　　vt. 裝載，裝上，裝入
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．cyclist n．騎自行車的人→cycle v．騎自行車
2．unfortunately adv.遺憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortune n．幸運(yùn)，財(cái)富
3．unbelievable adj.非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信
4．growth n．增加，增長(zhǎng)；成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)→grow v．長(zhǎng)大，生長(zhǎng)
5．enquiry n．詢問，咨詢；調(diào)查，查究，探究→enquire v．詢問，打聽
6．receptionist n．接待員→reception n．接待處；歡迎；接待→receive vt.接待，招待
7．punctual adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的→punctually adv.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，守時(shí)地→punctuality n．準(zhǔn)時(shí)，守時(shí)
8．a(chǎn)ggressive adj.好斗的，挑釁的，富于攻擊性的→aggression n．好斗情緒，攻擊性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑釁者
9．violate vt.違犯，違反；侵犯→violation n．違反
10．crossing n．人行橫道；十字路口，交叉點(diǎn)；穿越→cross vt.穿過
[語(yǔ)境活用]
1．Yesterday I received a present. I don't know who sent it, but I'll make careful enquiries. I'm writing to my friends to enquire about it.(enquiry)
2．When we got to that hotel, we were well received. We would appreciate it if the hotel receptionist can call a taxi for us when we check out tomorrow. Thus we will think well of their reception.(receive)
3．Her teachers did a lot for her growth. So when she grew up, she frequently visited them on festivals.(grow)
4．The officer involved was dismissed because he had violated strict guidelines. Now he regrets his violation of the rules.(violate)
5．She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. What was worse, she ran into another cyclist.(cycle)
6．When you cross the street at a pedestrian crossing,_you can't be too careful.(cross)
7．Believe in yourself and work harder than others. Then you can do unbelievable things.(believable)
8．He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately,_he died halfway.(fortune)

(二)練中記短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語(yǔ)境活用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空)
1.drop_off　　　　　　　　中途下客或卸貨
2．link_up 聯(lián)合，連接
3．put_through 給某人接通(電話)；使經(jīng)歷
4．decide_on/upon 決定，選定
5．put_off 推遲，推延；使反感
6．turn_up 出現(xiàn)，到來(lái)；調(diào)高(音量等)
7．fill_in 填寫(表格)；消磨(時(shí)間)
8．split_up 分組，分解；分離
9．speed_up (使)加速
10．a(chǎn)rise_from 起因于，由……引起
11．a(chǎn)t_(...)_intervals 每隔……距離或時(shí)間
12．a(chǎn)_handful_of 少數(shù)的，少量的
13．result_in 造成
14．in_good_condition 身體健康，狀況好
15．in_connection_with 與……有聯(lián)系
16．in_need_of 需要
17．watch_out_for 小心
18．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是
19．look_both_ways 左顧右盼
20．step_into 步入，走進(jìn)
1.We have many activities aimed_at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.
2．Can you speed_up your work a little? The manager can't wait to see the result.
3．I rang you several times this morning but your secretary could not put me through to you.
4.I called him to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting.
5．Scientists can link_up distant countries by radio or telephone.
6．He told me that the serious accident arose_from the driver's false operation.
7．The driver picks up two students along the highway every morning and drops them off at Oxford.
8．I want to know if you have decided_on/upon where you'll spend your holidays.
9．Before leaving, he went into his office to fill_in the daily time sheet.
10．It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天為什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地鐵觀光一番呢？
“why not＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示“為什么不……”，常用來(lái)提出建議。
(2017·北京高考滿分作文)既然你喜歡爬山，為什么不選擇去泰山旅行呢？
Since you like climbing the mountain, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai？
2.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.
以下是機(jī)動(dòng)車如小汽車、小型巴士和貨車引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司機(jī)為防止事故應(yīng)采取的措施。
完全倒裝句：表示地點(diǎn)、方向的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，此時(shí)常使用倒裝。
(2017·浙江高考寫作佳句)沿途全是大樹，如果累了我們可以乘涼。
Along the road are_tall_trees,_we can relax in a cool place if we're tired.
3.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全來(lái)確保避免事故，這就取決于我們大家，即道路使用者。
It is up to sb. to do sth.意為“由某人決定做某事”。
生命給予你時(shí)間與空間。如何填滿它是你自己的事。
Life provides you with time and space.It's_up_to_you__to_fill it_up.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化


1．convey vt.運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)，傳達(dá)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck.
我們用一輛舊卡車把貨物從這里運(yùn)送到市場(chǎng)。
②At that moment words couldn't convey_my_emotions.
在那一刻，語(yǔ)言無(wú)法表達(dá)我的情感。
③I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother.
我希望借此機(jī)會(huì)向你媽媽致以我最美好的祝愿。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions　　
　表達(dá)某人的感情/意思/感謝/喜愛/情感
convey sth. to sb.　 　向某人表達(dá)/傳遞某物
convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物從A地運(yùn)送到B地
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④When I returned home, I tried to convey the wonder of this machine for my husband.for→to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2011·大綱卷全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我想表達(dá)的意思是：我在記筆記方面有一些困難并且我不知道如何使用圖書館。
What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_note-taking_and_I_don't_know_how_to_use_the_library.
2. postpone vt.延遲，延期
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting.
②He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.
③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)postpone sth.(to/until ...)　　 推遲某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推遲做某事
(2)postponement n. 延遲，延期
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④I shall postpone to make a decision till/until I learn full details.to_make→making
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2012·湖北高考書面表達(dá))每當(dāng)我遇到困難，我從不拖延解決它們。
Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them.
3. undertake vt.& vi.承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time.
我們無(wú)法保證按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order.
她愿意負(fù)責(zé)把房間打掃干凈，整理得有條不紊。
③They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes.
他們?cè)敢獬袚?dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
undertake to do sth.　　　　　 答應(yīng)/同意做某事
undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承擔(dān)責(zé)任/任務(wù)/工程
undertake that ... 保證/承諾……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will undertake replace them.replace前加to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2009·陜西高考書面表達(dá))其次，你應(yīng)該承諾做好自己的事情，向你的媽媽證明你已經(jīng)是一個(gè)“成年人”。
Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom that_you_are_already_a_“grown-up”．
4. reservation n．預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance.
②We've reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel.
完成句子
③I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you without_reservation.
我支持這項(xiàng)措施，但這并不意味著我會(huì)無(wú)條件地支持你。
④I think I'd better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.
我想我最好給他們打電話為今天晚上作個(gè)預(yù)約。
⑤Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?
你贊成在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)修公路嗎？
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)without reservation　　　 無(wú)保留地，無(wú)條件地
make a reservation 預(yù)訂(房間、票)；預(yù)約
(2)reserve n. 儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存；自然保護(hù)區(qū)
v. 儲(chǔ)備，保留，預(yù)約
reserve sth. for sb./sth. 為某人/某物預(yù)約/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，(專)供……之用
a wildlife reserve 野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.
reservation前加a
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2013·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))你能到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我叔叔并把他帶到預(yù)訂好的賓館嗎？
Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved hotel?
5. arise vi.出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生；(由……)引起；起身；起床
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems.
科學(xué)產(chǎn)生于人們處理日常問題的實(shí)際需要。
②Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.
必要時(shí)孩子們應(yīng)受到管教。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
arise from ＝ arise out of　　　　 由……引起/產(chǎn)生
if/when the need arises 如果/當(dāng)有需要時(shí)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰(rise/arise)
③As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen.
④The temperature in the room is rising higher and higher.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2009·陜西高考書面表達(dá))你面臨的問題不斷出現(xiàn)，在我們青少年中很普遍。
The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_common_among_us_teenagers.
6. load n．[C]負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多vt.裝載，裝上，裝入
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.
②The good news has taken a load off my mind.
完成句子
③Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids.
吉姆大叔給孩子們帶來(lái)了許多禮物。
④Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind.
得知他平安以后，我如釋重負(fù)。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　　 大量，許多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顧慮
(2)load ...with ... 用……裝載……
load ... into/onto ... 把……裝到……上去
load off one's mind 去除某人的精神負(fù)擔(dān)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑤Loading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.Loading→Loaded
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2012·遼寧高考書面表達(dá))作為一名學(xué)生讀者，我寫信的目的是想談?wù)勀銈兂霭嫔绯霭娴挠⒄Z(yǔ)教材，它有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
As_a_student_reader,_I'm_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages.

1．link up聯(lián)合，連接；使結(jié)合；使連接
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①The new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road.
這條新路需要與主干道路相連。
②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands.
當(dāng)?shù)卣?jì)劃建一條鐵路把這兩個(gè)島嶼連起來(lái)。
③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has_been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式被認(rèn)為會(huì)增加患心臟病的幾率。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
link up with　　　　　 與……聯(lián)合/匯合/碰頭
link ... with/to ... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)
be linked to/with 與……有關(guān)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④He insisted that the discussions must not be linking to any other issue.linking→linked
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2011·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我可以了解所有與這周相關(guān)的重要事情。
I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week.
2．put through給某人接通(電話)；使經(jīng)歷；使成功；使通過；完成
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
break through　　　　　 突破；突圍
cut through 抄近路穿過；克服；穿透
get through 通過；接通電話；使(某人)理解
go through 通過；經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)查看；查閱
look through 仔細(xì)檢查；瀏覽
see through 看穿，識(shí)破；看透
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(選用上述短語(yǔ)填空)
①It took firemen two hours to cut_through the drive belt to free him.
②Both the boys were put_through the pains they had never experienced before.
③She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English.
④You'd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination.
⑤He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.
⑥We must go_through the account books together; there's still some money missing.
⑦If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑧(2010·湖北高考書面表達(dá))微笑可以幫助我們渡過難關(guān)，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.
3．speed up (使)加速
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn.
那輛車?guó)Q著喇叭，以最高速?gòu)乃磉咇傔^。
②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.
顯而易見，一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣能幫助我們盡快達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。
③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour.
飛機(jī)正以每小時(shí)二百英里的速度飛行。
④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.
我們的車在高速公路上全速行駛。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
at high/low/full/top speed　　　　 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑤Travelling at speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.at后加a
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2017·浙江高考書面表達(dá))Mac跳下自行車，以最快的速度向汽車后門沖去。
Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full speed.
4．why not＋動(dòng)詞原形
　[教材原句]　So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_don't_you_go_on a cruise?
你需要換換環(huán)境。為什么不乘船去旅行呢？
②—May I go with you?
—Why_not?
——我可以和你一起去嗎？
——可以呀。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
(1)why not后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，用來(lái)提出建議，表示“為什么不做……呢，做……如何”，相當(dāng)于Why don't you do ...?
(2)why not可單獨(dú)使用，表示同意，意為“當(dāng)然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。
(3)表示“建議”的常見句型還有：
Let's do ...　　　　　　　 　　 讓我們做……
Shall we do ...? 讓我們做……，好嗎？
Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……嗎？
Will you please do ...? 請(qǐng)你做……，好嗎？
What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么樣？
I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建議某人做……
You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)(2017·北京高考書面表達(dá))I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))To learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
5．It is up to sb.to do sth.
　[教材原句]　It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①It_is_up_to_you_to_decide when we will start.
由你來(lái)決定我們什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。
②Call in, or ring us up. It's_up_to_you.
你可以親自來(lái)訪，也可以打電話。由你定。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
It is up to sb.to do sth.為固定句式，多出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)中，意為“由某人決定做某事；做某事是某人的職責(zé)”。
　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)(2010·北京高考滿分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Bei-daihe, and some hotel information.
②(精彩收尾句)(2017·北京高考滿分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.


Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (運(yùn)送) people to safer places.
2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出現(xiàn))．
3．Once you have undertaken (承諾) it, you should do it.
4．Do you mind if I postpone (推遲) that appointment until next week?
5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand.
6．You can enlarge (擴(kuò)大) your knowledge and learn some English at the same time.
7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (間隔)．
8．Would you please make my reservation (預(yù)訂) to Chicago for tomorrow?
9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年紀(jì)念日) of WHO.
10．I felt as if there was a weight on my chest, choking (使窒息) me.
11．A dozen ideas were considered before the architect (建筑師) decided on the design of the building.
12．The scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer (外部的) space.
13．He divided the field into different sections (部分), where different vegetables were grown.
14．The Oxford English Dictionary is the best authority (權(quán)威) on English words.
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled.
2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury.
3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase.
4．We've seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.
6．He put through an important business deal over the weekend.
7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers.
8．The research shows that computer games may cause aggression (aggressive)．
9．I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
10．The expert talked about how to make our statistical system link up with the international standards.
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving
2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off
3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve
4．—It's getting dark.I must be off now.
—OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to
5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from
6．Why not to write to her? She needs your advice.去掉第一個(gè)to
7．On the chairs sitting three graduates, who came here for this job interview.sitting→sat
8．His breaking the rules resulted from his being fined.from→in
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The country's present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum.
這個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。
2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday.
他們答應(yīng)在星期一之前完成任務(wù)。
3．I'd like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5.
我想預(yù)訂7月5日飛往倫敦的機(jī)票。
4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck?
裝一卡車煤需要多少時(shí)間？
5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)此刻難以用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)我的感情。
6．It's_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not.
應(yīng)該由你來(lái)決定是否實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃。
7．My work is_linked_with/to previous research.
我的工作和以前的研究相聯(lián)系。
8．Why_don't_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.
為什么不再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)呢？畢竟，每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。


本單元語(yǔ)篇話題與新課程主題語(yǔ)境“人與社會(huì)”中的“交通工具、交通設(shè)施”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)
一、話題語(yǔ)素積累多一點(diǎn)
子話題——交通工具、交通設(shè)施
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①line　　　　 ②travel　　　?、踭raveler　　　?、躢ar
⑤rule ⑥truck ⑦traffic ⑧aircraft
⑨subway ⑩flight ?helicopter ?service
?price ?passenger ?railway ?popular
?wide ?arrive ?safety
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①distance n．距離　　　　　　 ②catch vt.趕上
③guarantee vt.保證 ④develop vt.開發(fā)；進(jìn)步
⑤popularity n．普及，流行 ⑥benefit n．利益，好處
⑦vehicle n．車輛 ⑧available adj.可獲得的
⑨impact n．影響 ⑩convenient adj.方便的
?highway n．公路 ?comfortable adj.舒適的
?consumption n．消費(fèi)；消耗 ?reasonable adj.合理的
?offer vt.提供 ?first-class adj.一流的
?transport n．& v．運(yùn)輸 ?crash n．撞車；碰撞
?monthly adj.每月的，每月一次的
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①make a reservation　　　　　 預(yù)訂
②pay for 為……而付錢
③car sharing 拼車
④make a trip to 做一次到……的旅行
⑤have access to 接近……
⑥high-speed transport 高速運(yùn)輸
⑦the global traffic volume 全球交通流量
⑧traffic congestion 交通擁堵
⑨account for 占……
⑩traffic jam 交通堵塞
?take the CRH train 乘坐高鐵
?run at high speed 高速運(yùn)行
?on schedule 按時(shí)
?through many channels 通過許多渠道
?have a good journey 旅途愉快
?express train 特快列車
?parking lot 停車場(chǎng)
?traffic signal/light 交通信號(hào)燈
(四)寫作佳句背一背
①It takes me about 15 minutes to walk there but 5 minutes by bus.
②Many people would choose to take a taxi instead of walking or riding a bike.
③With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more families have their own cars.
④It's high time we chose another better means of transport.

二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)
　
假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Peter想來(lái)中國(guó)旅行，他寫信向你了解他到北京后乘坐何種交通工具旅行比較適宜。請(qǐng)你給他寫封回信，建議他乘坐高鐵。建議理由：
1．便捷、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)；
2．舒適、安全；
3．購(gòu)票方便、價(jià)格適宜。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：中國(guó)高鐵 CRH (China Railway High-speed)；自助售票機(jī) self-service ticket machine
Dear Peter，
I'm expecting you to come to China.


Yours，
Li Hua
[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對(duì)——給詞寫句

take the CRH train, develop, popular, line, convenient, travel, wide, comfortable, run at high speed, arrive, on schedule, guarantee, safety, traveler, through many channels, price, reasonable, offer, first-class, service, passenger, have a good journey　　
1．你最好坐高鐵去。
You'd_better_take_the_CRH_train._
2．現(xiàn)在在中國(guó)它已得到了很好的發(fā)展并且很受歡迎。
It_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
3．它有很多不同的路線。
It_has_lots_of_different_lines.
4．旅行對(duì)你來(lái)說很方便。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel.
5．中國(guó)高鐵寬敞、舒適且高速運(yùn)行。
The_CRH_trains_are_wide,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
6．它們按時(shí)到達(dá)并能保證旅客的安全。
They_arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers.
7．通過許多渠道買票很容易。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels_is_easy._
8．票價(jià)合理。
Prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._
9．它為乘客提供一流的服務(wù)。
It_offers_first-class_services_to_passengers._
10．我相信你會(huì)享受一次愉快的旅行。
I_am_sure_you_will_have_a_good_journey.
第二步：量寫夠——語(yǔ)句擴(kuò)充
11．在句1前加時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“當(dāng)你到達(dá)北京時(shí)”。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train.
12．在句4中加入地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句“無(wú)論你想去哪里”。
It_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you_want_to_go.
13．在句7中加入列舉的事項(xiàng)“例如通過電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或自助售票機(jī)”。
To_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_self-service_ticket_machine_is_easy.
第三步：語(yǔ)寫美——詞句升格
14．用詞匯spacious替換句5中的wide。
The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed.
15．用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句合并句11和句2。
When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better_take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in_China_nowadays.
16．用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫句13。
It's_easy_to_buy_tickets_through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_self-service_ticket_machine.
17．用詞匯enjoy替換句10中的have，然后用并列連詞and合并句9、句10。
It_offers_first-class_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用so， besides等銜接詞匯連句成文
Dear_Peter，
I'm_expecting_you_to_come_to_China._When_you_arrive_in_Beijing,_you'd_better take_the_CRH_train,_which_has_been_well_developed_and_becomes_very_popular_in China_nowadays.
It_has_lots_of_different_lines,_so_it_is_convenient_for_you_to_travel_wherever_you want_to_go._The_CRH_trains_are_spacious,_comfortable_and_run_at_high_speed._They arrive_on_schedule_and_guarantee_the_safety_of_travelers._It's_easy_to_buy_tickets through_many_channels,_such_as_by_telephone,_through_the_Internet,_or_on_the_self-service_ticket_machine._Besides,_prices_of_tickets_are_reasonable._It_offers_first-class_services_to_passengers_and_I_am_sure_you_will_enjoy_a_good_journey.
Yours，
Li_Hua


Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
The amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies. The average ?distance (distant) traveled is 7,400 miles (12,000 km) per year. In total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail, 9% by ?high-speed_transport (高速運(yùn)輸) such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means.
It is estimated (估計(jì)) that, due to developments in high-speed public transport, travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. Of ?the_global_traffic_volume (全球交通流量), 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by high-speed transport, and 4% by rail.
At present, ?traffic_congestion (交通擁堵) has a huge negative economic and environmental ?impact (影響) across the world. Road congestion in the UK costs the UK economy ￡15 billion a year. It costs the US D|S100 billion a year. In Seattle, Washington for instance, a ?driver (司機(jī)) spends an average (平均) of 59 hours caught in traffic each year. In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people; each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. According to Sierra Club，“American cars and trucks ?account_for (占……) 20 percent of the world's petroleum ?consumption (consume)．”
The US has the most ?highways (highway), but European roads are busier. In Europe, cars travel more than 600 miles (1,000 km) per road per year, compared to an average of 500 km per road in the US. The world's worst traffic_jam (交通堵塞) usually occurs during the summer on the road from Paris to Toulouse, France.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
popularity， benefit， monthly， service， available， make a reservation， pay for， car sharing， make a big trip to， have access to

Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in ?popularity,_especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事) or drive on weekends benefit most from ?car_sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a ?service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and ?have_access_to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to ?make_a_reservation,_and then go to the pick-up spot.
Car sharing has major environmental ?benefits because it lessens the number of cars on the road. Members don't drive just because they have a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still, a car is ?available to them if they need to ?make_a_big_trip_to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to ?pay_for gas, insurance or maintenance (保養(yǎng))，and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.


一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語(yǔ)法填空
1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (tunnel), which became known as the Tube.
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture (architect)．
3．(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.
4．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
5．(2015·湖北高考)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual (punctually)．
6．(2014·福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth (grow)．
7．(2014·江西高考)It is unbelievable (believable) that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
8．(2014·廣東高考)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation (reserve)．
9．(2010·湖南高考)People often forget all the details (detail) that they hear in a telephone call.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

turn up, load, drop off, unfortunately　　
1．(2014·山東高考)__25__， Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time.Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study medicine at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to earn her medical degree.____________
2．(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)As I pulled the bus over to __28__ a little girl, she handed me an earring saying I should keep it in case somebody claimed (認(rèn)領(lǐng)) it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”．____________
3．(2010·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The nurse had him take a seat in the waiting area, telling him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him.I saw him looking at his watch and decided, since I was not busy — my patient didn't __41__ at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.____________
4．(2009·江西高考)Carrying their heavy__38__， the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down.____________
答案：1.Unfortunately　2.drop off　3.turn up　4.load

二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：汽車、火車、飛機(jī)、輪船各種交通工具的發(fā)展大大提高了人們的出行速度，有效地節(jié)約了大量寶貴的時(shí)間，為人類經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。但是交通工具的進(jìn)步在給人類帶來(lái)舒適和便捷的同時(shí)，也給人類生活帶來(lái)一些負(fù)面影響，如交通事故、交通擁堵、環(huán)境污染等，這些社會(huì)焦點(diǎn)也是高考所關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語(yǔ)篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加彩詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔絕) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation (導(dǎo)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了智能交通團(tuán)隊(duì)建立移動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，研究老年人開車存在的問題和難點(diǎn)，幫助老年人安全駕駛。
32．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers' problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室的目的是要找出老年人開車有困難的地方，故選C。
33．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“For many older people ... having to rely on others.”可知，對(duì)于老年人來(lái)說，開車對(duì)保持他們生活的獨(dú)立性至關(guān)重要，故選A。
34．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，研究者正在研發(fā)車載式的技術(shù)以幫助老年人晚年依然能開車，故選B。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．A Solution to Traffic Problems
C．Driving Services for Elders
D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文的關(guān)鍵詞是老年人駕車，重點(diǎn)講述了為了讓他們安全駕車所進(jìn)行的研究。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
抓大放小，掌控科普說明文
科普說明文因生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)多、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、句意深?yuàn)W的長(zhǎng)難句多而顯得晦澀難懂；因?qū)W術(shù)性強(qiáng)、抽象度高，解題難度相對(duì)較大。針對(duì)科普說明文，我們首先要明確一種觀點(diǎn)，此類文章考查的是閱讀能力、邏輯思維能力，而不是要求考生全面、系統(tǒng)、透徹弄懂相關(guān)的知識(shí)。基于此，我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)應(yīng)做到明確說明對(duì)象，抓住行文脈絡(luò)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)大局，放過生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)難句式這些小點(diǎn)。在明確說明對(duì)象、行文結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，審讀題目，帶著問題查讀原文，尋找答案。不必弄懂每一詞、每一句的意思后再做題。
本文主要介紹了英國(guó)紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)為保證老年人自行駕車從而能夠獨(dú)立生活而進(jìn)行的輔助駕駛系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)。文章介紹了老年司機(jī)面臨的問題，指出研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)致力于解決這些問題，讓老年人可以一直享受開車的自由和樂趣。故35題應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。


Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·湖北七市聯(lián)考)Real literary travelers often travel to the birthplace or residence of a writer, or to the setting of a famous scene. We've prepared a small list of literary travel destinations.
London, England
In London, literary landmarks are so common that “blue plaques” are often found on the homes or schools of famous writers. They have been introduced to show well-known literary sites. One can be found at 221B Baker Street — the apartment of famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's, where the inventor of time travel would live in 2189.
To truly experience literature in person, you can also visit Stratford-upon-Avon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare, and watch nightly performances of his plays.
Rome, Italy
“Go to Rome — at once the Paradise，
The grave, the city, and the wilderness ...”
This is from an elegy (挽歌) to John Keats, who traveled to Rome in the hope that the air would cure his illness but died within three months. Despite the fact that Keats' visit was a quick one, Rome has a reminder of it — the Keats-Shelley House.
Just across the street is the Antico Caffè Greco, a cafe frequented by famous authors like Dickens, Byron, Shelley ..., but you probably get the idea that this is somewhere any literary traveler has to go.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇旅游指南，向文學(xué)旅行者介紹了倫敦和羅馬的幾個(gè)文學(xué)旅行景點(diǎn)。
1．According to the passage, true literary travelers are less likely to visit ________.
A．221B Baker Street
B．the Jacob Von Hogflume's
C．Stratford-upon-Avon
D．the Keats-Shelley House
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)London, England部分中的“But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflume's”中的關(guān)鍵詞“watch out for”(留意)和“false”(假的)可知，B項(xiàng)正確。
2．What's the function of “blue plaques” in London?
A．To confuse literary travelers.
B．To introduce famous English writers.
C．To show nightly performances.
D．To represent famous literary landmarks.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)London, England部分中的“They have been introduced to show well-known literary sites”可知，藍(lán)牌代表著名的文學(xué)地標(biāo)，故D項(xiàng)正確。
3．Why is the Antico Caffè Greco favored by literary travelers?
A．It is famous for offering coffee of high quality.
B．It was regularly visited by many famous writers.
C．It is located opposite the Keats-Shelley House.
D．It is regarded as a reminder of Rome.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rome, Italy部分中的“a cafe frequented by famous authors”可知B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2019·沈陽(yáng)模擬)SYDNEY — Visitors to an Australian tourist hotspot have been advised to use umbrellas to protect themselves against dingo attacks, according to research.
Fraser Island, off the coast of Queensland, offers a rare opportunity to observe the native wild dogs, but people can occasionally meet dingoes acting in a threatening or aggressive manner toward them, resulting in human injury and, in one tragic case, death, according to a research paper published on Thursday in the Pacific Conservation Biology scientific journal.
Reviewing a wide range of measures to help manage wild animals, the researchers said moves to minimize harm from dingoes have included electric fencing and warning signs.However, “strong umbrellas” and “mild chemical irritant (刺激性的) sprays” could also offer personal protection.
Australian dingoes, which feature remarkably in native culture but are also viewed as a threat to livestock in some areas, are listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.The medium-sized dogs have broad heads, pointed muzzles, and red or yellow coats, and are found across the country except Tasmania, according to government agency Tourism Australia.
Fraser Island stretches over 123 kilometres in length and 22 kilometres at its widest point.With an area of 184,000 hectares, it is the largest sand island in the world.The island prides attractions such as its superb scenery and humpback whales, and is also home to the most pure strain of dingoes remaining in eastern Australia.
By bringing up instances of how an umbrella “rapidly opened in front of charging bears was enough to cause them to stop or move back”， the researchers said “an open, strong umbrella may also serve as useful protection against a dingo making a very close approach.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了澳洲野犬會(huì)對(duì)人類造成傷害，建議來(lái)澳大利亞的游客用雨傘來(lái)保護(hù)自己，不被澳洲野犬傷害。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Australian dingoes?
A．They are fierce and big.
B．They are native and famous in Australia.
C．They can be found in every island of Australia.
D．They often cause harm to humans and livestock.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the native wild dogs”和第四段第一句中的“which feature remarkably in native culture”可知，本題答案選B。
5．They are all attractions of Fraser Island EXCEPT ________.
A．bears　　　　　　　　 B．dingoes
C．scenery D．humpback whales
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知， 弗雷澤島上的看點(diǎn)有優(yōu)美的景色、座頭鯨和澳洲野犬，不包括熊，故選A項(xiàng)。
6．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.
A．dingoes are as dangerous as bears in Australia
B．people always use umbrellas to frighten away bears
C．if umbrellas work on bears, so do they on dingoes
D．the umbrellas are specially designed against bears and dingoes
解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推斷，如果雨傘對(duì)熊起作用的話，那么對(duì)澳洲野犬也會(huì)起作用，故本題選C。
C
(2019·蘭州診斷)In the last few years, you may have noticed the term “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丟棄的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastic pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic is floating in the world's oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a microplastics problem, think again — the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.
In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of microplastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Maryland, the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖網(wǎng)) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped (錐形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (網(wǎng)眼) of the net ensures anything suspended in the water is trapped behind.
In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻), trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing lines and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers (磨砂) found in the face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems' filters (過濾器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。通過介紹塑料微粒，人們能更多地了解塑料帶給環(huán)境的污染。
7．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The description of the trawl.
B．The basic data of the water samples.
C．The process of collecting water samples.
D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.
解析：選C　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖網(wǎng)) for an hour at a time”可知，第二段主要介紹收集水樣的過程。
8．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Bits of bags. B．Chemicals.
C．Microbeads. D．Microplastics.
解析：選C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句的“Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide”可知，They在此處指前文提到的Microbeads。
9．How does the author prove plastic pollution can be harmful to people's health?
A．By analyzing the data.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By referring to scientists' views.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads ... eventually reaching humans”可知，通過參考科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)作者證明了塑料污染對(duì)人體健康有害。
10．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explain some new scientific terms to people.
B．To let people learn more about plastic pollution.
C．To urge governments to make environmental laws.
D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research.
解析：選B　寫作目的題。根據(jù)文章的描述可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是讓人們更多地了解塑料污染。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2019·廣州綜合測(cè)試)Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. __1__ Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. __2__ Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (診斷的) tool.
Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don't have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. __3__ With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.
__4__ His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.
By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology — mobile phones, Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere. __5__
A．Another reason why Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.
B．Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.
C．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.
D．Ozcan's simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.
E．This tool has become much more popular all around the world.
F．You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.
G．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，醫(yī)生救助病人比較困難，工程師Andy Ozcan發(fā)明的診斷疾病的工具——一種手機(jī)軟件——解決了這一難題。該工具僅需手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，成本低廉，使用簡(jiǎn)單。
1．解析：選F　根據(jù)空前一句并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，假如你在一個(gè)沒有醫(yī)療診所的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊并且病得很重，你也必須等待數(shù)天才能得到幫助，故F項(xiàng)與上文銜接緊密。
2．解析：選B　根據(jù)空前的“Once the doctors get to you ... to find out what is wrong”可知，醫(yī)生到達(dá)后檢查你的身體并采集血樣，但是他們無(wú)法立即幫助你，直到他們把血樣帶回醫(yī)院去檢測(cè)哪兒出了問題；據(jù)此可知，即便你只是患有普通的感染，你也可能會(huì)因?yàn)檠诱`而死，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．解析：選G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，例如，許多醫(yī)生因訓(xùn)練有限而無(wú)法正確診斷他們所看到的病情；因此，他們?cè)\斷出的疾病可能會(huì)不準(zhǔn)確，故G項(xiàng)與此處匹配。
4．解析：選A　根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的主題句；由該段內(nèi)容及第二段第一句可知，該段主要說明這個(gè)發(fā)明很重要的另一個(gè)原因，故A項(xiàng)正確。
5．解析：選D　根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容尤其是“Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere”可知，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用，這個(gè)發(fā)明幾乎可以在任何地方使用；據(jù)此可知，這種簡(jiǎn)單且合算的產(chǎn)品將可能挽救全世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命，故D項(xiàng)正確。


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