2021版新高考地區(qū)高考英語（北師大通用版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：Unit15　Learning-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．spelling n．　　　　　　　拼寫
2．backwards adv. 由后向前地
3．blank adj. 空白的
4．status n. 現(xiàn)狀；社會地位
5．chief adj. 最高級別的
6．saying n. 格言，諺語
7．a(chǎn)lphabet n. 字母表
8．mild adj. 溫和的
9．pace n. 速度，步速
10．drag vt. 拖，拉
11．fellow n. 同伴
12．rank n. 職銜
13．shadow n. 陰影，影子
14．civilisation n. 文明
15．conventional adj. 傳統(tǒng)的，保守的
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．correction n. 改正，改進(jìn)
2．secure adj. 穩(wěn)定的；無憂無慮的
3．swell v. 被充滿；膨脹，腫脹
4．bury vt. 埋葬
5．distinguish vt. 區(qū)別，辨別
6．reputation n. 名譽(yù)，名聲
7．slight adj. 少量的，微小的
8．obey vt. 服從，聽從
9．outstanding adj. 杰出的，優(yōu)秀的
10．misunderstand v. 誤解
11．pour vt. 倒，灌
12．lack vt. 缺乏，沒有
13．a(chǎn)cquire vt. 獲得，得到
14．unwilling adj. 不情愿的
15．vital adj. 極其重要的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．suspect v．懷疑→suspicious adj.懷疑的
2．instruct v．指導(dǎo)，教導(dǎo)→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意義的→instruction n．教育，指導(dǎo)
3．punishment n．懲罰，處罰→punish vt.懲罰
4．reflect vt.反映；反射→reflection n．反射；反??；想法
5．select vt.挑選→selection n．選拔；選擇
6．a(chǎn)ccess n．(使用或見到的)機(jī)會，權(quán)利→accessible adj.易到達(dá)的；隨和的
7．worthwhile adj.值得努力的→worthy adj.值得的→worth adj.值得……的，有價值……的 n．價值
8．ignore vt.忽視，不顧→ignorant adj.不知道的→ignorance n．無知
9．a(chǎn)pprove v．贊成；認(rèn)可；滿意→approval n．贊成
10．urge vt.力勸，強(qiáng)烈要求→urgent adj.緊急的→urgency n．迫切
11．inspire v．啟發(fā)；鼓舞→inspiration n．靈感；給予鼓舞(激勵)之人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.受啟示的
12．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定，假設(shè)→assumption n. 假定，假設(shè)
13．a(chǎn)dapt vt.(使)適應(yīng)→adaptation n．改造→adaptable adj.能適應(yīng)的
14．a(chǎn)ppreciation n．欣賞→appreciate vt.重視；鑒賞；感激
15．simplify vt.簡化→simple adj.簡單的；單純的→simply adv.簡單地；僅僅

1.“優(yōu)秀”人才描繪詞
①outstanding　　　　杰出的
②excellent 優(yōu)秀的
③splendid 極好的
④first-class 第一流的
⑤talented/gifted 有才能的
⑥capable 有能力的
⑦intelligent 聰明的
2.“學(xué)習(xí)過程”詞匯集錦
①attend vt.　　　　參加；上學(xué)
②concentrate vi. 集中(精力)
③review vi. 復(fù)習(xí)功課
④acquire vt. 獲得，得到
⑤absorb vt. 吸收；理解
⑥grasp vt. 理解；領(lǐng)會
⑦master vt. 精通；掌握
3.以“-ify”結(jié)尾的動詞薈萃
①simplify　　簡化
②beautify 美化
③purify 凈化
④identify 鑒定；識別出
⑤classify 分類
⑥horrify 使恐懼
⑦terrify 使恐懼，使驚嚇
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．lay__off　　　　　　　　裁員；解雇
2．a(chǎn)side__from 除……之外
3．set__off 出發(fā)；使爆炸；引發(fā)
4．be__accustomed__to 習(xí)慣于
5．a(chǎn)pprove__of 贊成，贊許
6．a(chǎn)s__a__whole 總的來說
7．switch__off 關(guān)閉
8．to__a__certain__extent 在某種程度上
9．tend__to 傾向于，往往會
10．frankly__speaking 老實說，說實話
11．go__up 上漲，上升
12．go__blank (頭腦)變成空白
13．put__forward 提出
14．in__conclusion 最后，總之
15．to__start__with 首先，第一

1.as短語一掃光
①as if/though　　　　好像
②as to/for 關(guān)于，至于
③as usual 照例，照常
④as follows 如下
⑤as a result 結(jié)果
⑥as a whole 總的來說
2.“v.＋forward”短語速記
①move forward　　　向前移動
②step forward 向前走
③go forward 前行
④put forward 提出
⑤look forward 向前看
⑥keep forward 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)
3.“in＋n.”短語集訓(xùn)營
①in advance　　事先，提前
②in conclusion 最后，總之
③in return 作為回報
④in order 井然有序
⑤in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?br /> ⑥in trouble 在困境中
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：be about to do...“正要做……”，通常與when連用
Now I’m about__to__graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.　現(xiàn)在我即將從清華大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院畢業(yè)，獲得遠(yuǎn)程教育的計算機(jī)工程學(xué)士學(xué)位。
句型2：It was (high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.
I decided that it__was__time I became an Internet user.
我覺得該是我成為因特網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。
句型3：wish后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣
I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish__I’d__done more work, especially in maths.　
我想我當(dāng)時有點懶，現(xiàn)在我真希望當(dāng)時能多做些努力，特別是在數(shù)學(xué)方面。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．He is a well-respected teacher and has won a good reputation(名聲) for all he has done for the kids.
2．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired(激勵) scientists to explore the outer space.
3．(2019·江蘇卷)What’s more, the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect(反映) the unique culture of our school.
4．(2018·浙江卷6月)Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume(認(rèn)為)．
5．I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire(獲得) a lot of knowledge.
6．It is worthwhile(worth) to realise time is precious.
7．The student who cheats in the examination will be given a severe punishment(punish)．
8．The man was suspected(suspect) of giving away the secret to our enemy.
9．If a computer user fails to log off, the system is accessible(access) to all.
10．When the examination was coming, she felt nervous, increasingly lacking(lack) in confidence about herself.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The local villagers were in urgent need of help, so we urged the government to take action at once, for it was a matter of great urgency．(urge)
2．It was a simple question, for our teacher always simplified his explanation for us.Some students lost marks simply because they didn’t read the question properly.(simply)
3．I couldn’t finish the essay, for I was short of inspiration. When I heard the inspiring music, I became inspired and I was sure that I would finish it soon.(inspire)
4．My daughter is very adaptable and I’m sure that she will adapt herself to the new school and now she is seeing a film which is an adaptation from a real person.(adapt)
5．It is wrong of you to ignore the traffic rules.In fact, there are still many people who are ignorant of them.It is their ignorance that leads to many accidents.(ignore)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
approve of; go up; put forward; be accustomed to; frankly speaking
1．Frankly__speaking,__the problem of haze(霧霾) is becoming worse and worse. One of the causes is that the number of the people who drive to work is 2.going__up. Some experts have 3.put__forward the idea that they should go to work by bus or bike. Most drivers 4.approve__of it but they 5.have__been__accustomed__to driving.
aside from; tend to; to start with; as a whole; to a certain extent
I 6.tend__to imagine what my life would be like in the future although I often go back to the time I have spent.7.To__start__with,__I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child.8.Aside__from these, I will work in a company, school or government department. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will be financially independent 9.to__a__certain__extent. 10.As__a__whole,__my life will be much richer and more colorful.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)得知你即將拜訪一位中國朋友，并對中國風(fēng)俗感到困惑，我寫信告訴你一些相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
Learning that you__are__about__to__pay__a__visit__to__a__Chinese__friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
2．你該回家看看父母了。
It is high time that you__went__home__to__see__your__parents．
3．我希望明天能與那位明星交流想法。
I wish I__could__exchange__ideas__with__the__star．

suspect　v．懷疑，不信任，猜想　n．可疑分子，犯罪嫌疑人
[能力提升]——一句多譯
這個人懷疑那天晚上他的鄰居偷了他的羊。
①The man suspected__his__neighbour__of__stealing__his__sheep that night.
②The man suspected__that__his__neighbour__stole__his__sheep that night.

suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 懷疑某人(做過)某事
suspect sb./sth.to be... 懷疑某人/某物為……
suspect that... 懷疑……　
distinguish　vi.& vt.辨別；顯示……的差別；使……有所不同
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished(distinguish) guests efficiently while offering them constructive guidance.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))Because it is__distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery(以其迷人的風(fēng)景而聞名), Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
④(高級表達(dá))Distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery,__Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. (分詞作狀語)

(1)distinguish between A and B　區(qū)分A和B
distinguish...from...　把……與……區(qū)分開來
distinguish oneself (as...) (作為……)而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
be distinguished as... 作為……而出名
[佳句背誦] Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 　讀好書不僅可以豐富我們的思想，還可以教我們分清是非。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “因……而出名”的其他表達(dá)形式：
①be__famous__for；②be__well-known__for
reflect　v．反映，顯示；表達(dá)；表現(xiàn)；反射；思考，反省
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting(reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
b．(上海卷)Sean’s strong love for his country is__reflected(reflect) in his recently published poems.
②Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(浙江卷)如果你養(yǎng)成一種思考如何學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣的話，你作為學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)肯定很優(yōu)秀。
Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting__on/upon__how__you__learn．

(1)reflect on/upon　仔細(xì)考慮/沉思/反省……
(2)reflection n. 反映，表現(xiàn)；倒影，
影像；思考，反省　
[佳句背誦]
As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.
正如諺語所說“讀書不思考猶如吃飯不消化”。
[文化佳句]
The word “swimming” can be found in a verse in the “Book of Songs”， Chinese earliest collection of poems, which reflects the practice of the sport in ancient times.
“游泳”這個詞可以在中國最早的詩集《詩經(jīng)》的一首詩中找到，這反映出古代已經(jīng)有了游泳這項運動。
lack　v．缺乏，缺少　n．缺乏；缺少；不足
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②a.Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
b．Lacking(lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他們?nèi)狈εc他人交流的能力，因此在比賽中失敗了。
③They lacked__the__skill__to__communicate__with__others,__so they failed in the competition.(lack vt.)
④Lacking__the__skill__to__communicate__with__others,__they failed in the competition.(分詞作狀語)

(1)lack sth.　　　　　　缺少某物
(a) lack of... ……的缺少
for lack of... 因缺少……
(2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……；……不足
[佳句背誦] One major disadvantage of this area is the lack of public transport.
這個地區(qū)的一個主要的不利條件是缺少公共交通。
[名師點津] lack既可以作動詞也可以作名詞。作及物動詞時不能用于被動語態(tài)，后面直接接賓語；作名詞時，后面常用介詞of。
access　n．接近；通路；進(jìn)入(使用)的權(quán)利或機(jī)會　vt.使用；接近；進(jìn)入
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2018·江蘇卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
b．(廣東卷) This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.
②(2017·北京卷)The magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible(access) to children.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
(普通表達(dá))The disabled people get into the building easily as it has no steps.
③(高級表達(dá))The building is__easily__accessible__to the disabled people as it has no steps.
④(高級表達(dá))The disabled people get__easy__access__to the building as it has no steps.

(1)access to...　 ……的通路；利用……的權(quán)利
have/get/obtain access to
使用/接近……的權(quán)利或機(jī)會
(2)accessible adj. 可進(jìn)入的；可使用的
be accessible to 易接近的；能進(jìn)入的
[佳句背誦] The development of the Belt and Road helps Chinese traders to have access to/be accessible to a broader market.　“一帶一路”的發(fā)展幫助中國貿(mào)易商得以進(jìn)入更廣闊的市場。
[詞塊助記] the only access to the village
通往村子的唯一道路
have no access to clean drinking water
喝不到干凈的飲用水
access the Internet
訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
worthwhile　adj.值得努力的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①It is worth making(make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
②Guilin is a beautiful place. It’s worthwhile going/to__go(go) there.
[能力提升]——完成句子/一句多譯
③(天津卷)在家里或者社區(qū)里勞動的男孩子們獲得了能力，逐漸感覺到他們是對社會有用的成員。
Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they__were__worthwhile__members__of__society．
④(全國卷Ⅱ)既然你對中國的傳統(tǒng)文化感興趣，我認(rèn)為這個節(jié)日是值得體驗的。
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is__worth__experiencing．(worth)
→Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is__worthy__to__be__experienced/is__worthy__of__being__experienced．(worthy)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it__is__worthwhile__experiencing/to__experience this festival. (worthwhile)

(1)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　做某事是值得的。
(2)worth adj. 值得的，有價值的
be well worth doing ……很值得做
be worth it 值得一做；值得花精力
(3)worthy adj. 值得……的
be worthy of sth./being done/to be done
值得……/值得做……　
[佳句背誦] ①We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.
我們認(rèn)為完成這樣一項任務(wù)所付出的時間與辛苦都是值得的。
②It might be worthwhile considering/to consider your attitude to an insurance policy.
考慮一下你對投保的看法也許是值得的。
acquire　vt.獲得，得到，取得
[能力提升]——完成句子
①據(jù)我所知，她的英語已經(jīng)學(xué)得很好了。
As far as I know, she has__acquired__a__good__knowledge__of__English．
②這個年輕人在國外學(xué)習(xí)時，養(yǎng)成了熬夜的習(xí)慣。
The young man acquired__a__habit__of__staying__up while studying abroad.
③只有有耐心圓滿完成簡單工作的人，才能夠輕而易舉地完成困難的事。
Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire__the__skill__to__do difficult things easily.
④為了獲得全部信息，我問了許多不同的問題。
To__acquire__all__the__information,__I asked many different questions.

acquire a knowledge of...　　學(xué)會了……
acquire a good reputation 獲得好名聲
acquire a taste for 開始喜歡上
acquire a habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣　
[佳句背誦] ①It makes invaluable reading for anyone who wants to acquire a greater depth of understanding of the subject.
對于任何想要更深入地了解這門學(xué)科的人來說，這本書都是非常寶貴的讀物。
②You must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.
你必須通過努力來獲得外語知識。
urge　vt.催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策　n．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to__learn(learn) any sign language before.
②(2018·浙江卷6月)Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency(urge) to do my school work immediately.
③He asked to see the manager for something urgent(urge)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(江蘇卷)人們不僅在網(wǎng)上投票，還敦促他人投票支持諸如“最美麗的老師”和“最萌寶貝”這樣的競賽。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge__others__to__vote__for competitions like “The Most Beautiful Teacher” and “The Cutest Baby”．

(1)urge sb. to do/into doing sth.
　　　　　　　催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth.
極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事
(2)feel an urge to do sth. 有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 緊急的；迫切的
urgency n. 緊迫；急迫；急事
[佳句背誦] In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.
為了提高學(xué)習(xí)效率，我主張大家養(yǎng)成獨立思考、及時復(fù)習(xí)功課的習(xí)慣。
inspire　v．啟發(fā)；鼓舞；感動；激發(fā)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·江蘇卷)Norphel’s inspiration(inspire) came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed.
②The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to__write(write) their great poetry.
③The speaker showed up an inspiring(inspire) story of love and determination that day.
④When they listened to the speech by the armless pianist, they all felt inspired(inspire)．
⑤Inspired by the Chinese women’s volleyball team, the boy works harder than before.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥我感謝那些鼓勵我前進(jìn)并給予我支持的人。
My thanks should go to those inspiring__me__to__go__ahead and giving me support as well.

(1)inspire sb.to do sth.　鼓勵某人做某事
(2)inspiration n. 靈感
(3)inspired adj. 受……影響的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激勵人的　
[佳句背誦] ①Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm.
凱茜用她的意志力和熱情激勵了我們。(天津卷)
②The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
在日常生活中我們遇到的小問題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來源。(2017·北京卷)
assume　v．假設(shè)，假定；認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be__assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former.
②(2018·江蘇卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you’ve made.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
③(普通表達(dá))If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(高級表達(dá))Assuming__(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.

(1)assume that...　　　假定，認(rèn)為……
assume...to be... 認(rèn)為……是……；
假定……是……
(2)assuming (that) 假定……(作狀語)
(3)assumption n. 假定；假設(shè)　
[佳句背誦] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍認(rèn)為，壓力是工作過重所致。
[詞塊助記]
assume the worst　　　　做最壞的假設(shè)
assume responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任
adapt　v．(使)適應(yīng)；改編
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.The movie that had been adapted for children was adapted from a novel.
b．(江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
②a.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)．
b．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))The culture made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adapt__to(使得他很難適應(yīng)) the new environment abroad.
④(高級表達(dá))It__was__the__culture__that__made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adapt__to__the__new__environment__abroad.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

(1)adapt to　　　　　適應(yīng)
adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)
使自己適應(yīng)……
(2)adapt...from... 根據(jù)……改編……
adapt...for... 改編……為……用
(3)adaptable adj. 有適應(yīng)能力的；可修改的
adaptation n. 適應(yīng)；改編；改寫本　
[名師點津]
比較adapt和adopt
apt適當(dāng)?shù)摹鷄dapt[根義](使)適合→[多義]①使適應(yīng)
②改編，改寫
opt選擇→adopt[根義]選取→[多義]①采用
②收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)
lay off　裁員；解雇；停止
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①It’s time to lay aside our differences and work together for a shared purpose.
②The meeting has begun.Please lay down your pens and listen to the speaker carefully.
③The girl managed to persuade her father to lay off smoking(smoke) in the end.

lay off sth.　　　　　　停止使用某物
lay off doing sth. 停止做某事
lay down 放下；中斷(工作)
lay aside 把……放在一邊；儲存(某物)待用　
aside from　除……之外(還有)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Aside/Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
②In addition to making(make) art, he sold it, not only dealing his own work but that of other artists.
③He often goes to see his parents except when he is very busy.
④It’s too expensive. Besides,__I don’t like its colour.
⑤She can speak French and Japanese in addition to English.
⑥The girl said that the film was very good except for its music.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑦除了最后一題外，所有題目我都可以解答。
I can answer all the questions except__the__last__one.
⑧除了幾處語法錯誤外，你的作文寫得很好。
Your writing is good except__for__a__few__grammar__mistakes.

aside from相當(dāng)于apart from，類似意義的表達(dá)方式還有：
(1)除……之外(還有)
(2) 除……之外(沒有)　
[名師點津]
(1)in addition to除……之外(還有)，是介詞短語，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語；in addition另外，是副詞短語，后面常用逗號與句子的其他成分隔開。
(2)except for表示“除……之外(沒有)”，指對某種基本情況進(jìn)行具體的細(xì)節(jié)方面的修正。它同except的區(qū)別是：except for后接的詞同句子中的整體詞(主語)不是同類的，指從整體中除去一個細(xì)節(jié)，一個方面；而except后接的詞同整體詞(主語)一般是同類，指在同類的整體中除去一個部分。
set off　動身，出發(fā)；啟程；引爆(炸彈等)；燃放(煙火等)；引發(fā)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中set off的含義
①(安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.出發(fā)
②Do be careful with the fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.使爆炸
③His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything.引起
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(福建卷)你最好每天抽出一些時間運動，以便能夠保持精力充沛。
You had better set__aside__some__time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

set out for sp.　　　　　　　出發(fā)去某地
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.
開始做某事
set aside 存儲；留出
set up 建立；創(chuàng)立
set down 放下；記下；登記　
[佳句背誦] Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing/set out to prepare your business plan.　有這些你收集的信息，你可以著手準(zhǔn)備你的商業(yè)計劃了。(浙江卷)
be/get accustomed to　習(xí)慣于，有……習(xí)慣
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
這位老人習(xí)慣于住在農(nóng)村，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)城市的生活。
③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分詞作狀語)
⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分詞作狀語)

(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài))
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動作)
(2)accustom vt. 　使習(xí)慣于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事　
[佳句背誦] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 　他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] to 為介詞的短語：
①be__addicted__to；②get__used__to；③get__accustomed__to

It was (high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.
(教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我覺得該是我成為因特網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①a.(2018·天津卷)It is the first time that such a large robotics competition has__been__held(hold) in our city.
b．He told us that it was the first time that he had__come(come) late for such an important meeting.
②我第一次離開祖國去美國，不能很快適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。
I couldn’t adjust to the new surroundings quickly the__first__time__I__left__my__motherland__for__America．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
是我們該投身于環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)發(fā)展的時候了。
③It’s__time__for__us__to__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(簡單句)
④It’s__high__time__that__we__devoted/should__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(復(fù)合句)

(1)It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.
到了某人該做某事的時候了
(2)It is time for sth.到了做某事的時間了
It is time (for sb.) to do sth.
到了(某人)做某事的時候了
(3)It/This/That is/was the＋...time＋(that)從句，意思是“這是第……次做某事”，其中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在口語中常省略。主句使用is，定語從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時；主句用was，定語從句用過去完成時。
(4)the first time＋從句表示“第一次……”(引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)?！?br /> [佳句背誦] It is ten years since he got away from his hometown. And this is the first time (that) he has returned to his hometown.
他離開家鄉(xiāng)已有十年，這是他第一次回鄉(xiāng)。
wish后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣
(教材P40)I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I’d done more work, especially in maths.　我想我當(dāng)時有點懶，現(xiàn)在我真希望當(dāng)時能多做些努力，特別是在數(shù)學(xué)方面。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·江蘇卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had(have) a second chance to become more involved.
②(天津卷)I wish I had__been(have) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
③(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)I wish to__have(have) a chain of cafes in many different cities.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我真希望在將來我能有更好的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會。
I wish that I would__have__a__better__chance to learn in the future.

wish后跟賓語從句時，從句一般使用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語形式如下：
(1)did/were(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望)
(2)had done/been(表示與過去事實相反的愿望)
(3)would/could/might＋動詞原形(表示與將來事實相反的愿望)
[名師點津] wish還可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish for sth.希望得到某物；wish sb.＋n./adj. 祝愿某人……

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2018·江蘇卷)Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive(instruct) research about restaurants.
2．(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly(correct), can deal with bacteria effectively.
3．What can we do to urge the lazy children to__work(work) hard at school?
4．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Students should read the list with their parents, and select(selection) two activities they would like to do.
5．It was the first time that I had__visited(visit) a city far away from my hometown.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．He loves the security of a happy home life.
2．The film adapted from a real person is very popular with young people.
3．I should say your secretary is lacking in responsibility.
4．Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
5．Aside from that I had to pay for a lot of gas and other things, like a phone bill and food.
維度三　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.可進(jìn)入的，可使用的
3．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile work.值得做的
4．(2019·天津卷)There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.鼓舞；啟發(fā)
5．He is too young to distinguish between right and wrong, and needs your guidance.辨別；區(qū)分
6．To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.適應(yīng)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
After graduation from college, he selected 1.to__teach(teach) in a school in the countryside which was lacking in teaching facilities. He wished more children could have access 2.to education. From Monday to Friday, he 3.was__buried(bury) in teaching, 4.reflecting(reflect) on how to teach them well. He was always inspired at weekends when 5.urging(urge) parents to send their children to school in person. One day, he found 6.it worthwhile to create a webpage to link those with many books to his students. The plan he put forward got the 7.approval(approve) of the school. It is high time 8.that he set up the webpage for his students. He has acquired a good reputation for his hard work. In other 9.words(word), he is a teacher worthy to 10.be__respected(respect)．
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①升入大學(xué)后，我要做些改變以盡快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
After I enter college, I must make__some__changes__to__get__accustomed__to the new environment as__soon__as__possible．
②我希望在學(xué)習(xí)方法方面得到老師們的指導(dǎo)；我會遵守學(xué)校的制度，埋頭學(xué)習(xí)。
I expect that the teachers will instruct__me__in__my__way__of__learning. I will obey__the__rules and I will be__buried__in__studying__my__lessons．
③我會經(jīng)常在課堂上提出自己的見解。
I will often put__forward__my__suggestions in class.
④我要做個好學(xué)生，希望將來取得杰出的成就。
I will be an excellent student in__order__to__get__outstanding__achievements．
2．升級平淡句
⑤用省略句升級句①
After__entering__college,__I__must__make__some__changes__to__get__accustomed__to__the__new__environment__as__soon__as__possible.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：and, in conclusion)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
After entering college, I must make some changes to get accustomed to the new environment as soon as possible and I expect that the teachers will instruct me in my way of learning. I will obey the rules and I will be buried in studying my lessons. I will often put forward my suggestions in class. In conclusion, I will be an excellent student in order to get outstanding achievements.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·遼寧五校模擬)While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a humanlike robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar(化身) that appears on the students’ desktops, or smartphone screens, when ordered to come.
The autonomous animation(動畫制作) platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show humanlike behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach “Be sustainable with energy”—a free program for Auckland elementary schools.
Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up nonverbal cues(暗示). For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This twoway interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their involvement, and make changes if needed.
Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Willlike avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver costeffective, rich, educational experience in the future.”
The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　新西蘭奧克蘭的一些小學(xué)生成為世界上第一批由數(shù)字化老師“教”的孩子。數(shù)字化老師Will能和學(xué)生積極互動，吸引學(xué)生的注意力。
1．What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland?
A．A digital teacher taught them.
B．They first saw something digital.
C．This was the start of a new school year.
D．They could get close to smartphone screens.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“They became the world’s first kids to be ‘taught’ by a digital teacher.”可知，他們成為世界上第一批由數(shù)字化老師“教”的孩子。由此可知，對奧克蘭的一些小學(xué)生來說其特別之處在于有一位數(shù)字化老師“教”他們。故選A。
2．What is the benefit of this twoway interaction?
A．It can smile back.
B．It can use a microphone.
C．It can talk any topic for free.
D．It can change if necessary.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“This twoway interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention... and make changes if needed.”可知，這種雙向的互動不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許該程序的開發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時做出改變。由此可知，這種雙向互動的好處就在于其可以在必要的情況下適時進(jìn)行改變。故選D。
3．What’s the author’s attitude to Will’s replacing human educators soon?
A．Optimistic.　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
D　解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，作者認(rèn)為無論它變得多么受歡迎，Will都不太可能在短期內(nèi)取代人類教育工作者。由此可推知，D項符合題意。
4．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．New Hightech Contributes to Education
B．The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in the Classroom
C．The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students
D．New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in the Classroom
B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文為新聞報道類文章，第一段交代了文章的中心，即世界上第一個數(shù)字化老師走進(jìn)課堂“教”孩子們，然后文章后面的段落圍繞這個中心，交代了具體的上課內(nèi)容、交流方式及對這種授課方式的看法。故B項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
B
(2020·惠州第二次調(diào)研)I realized something this morning. I have been writing now for 34 years. It all started when I was just 18 years old. As a boy I had read literally hundreds of books. I had a thirst for knowledge that seemingly could never fade. Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it, but as any writer tells you once the ideas awaken inside of you they won’t leave you alone until you write them down. I didn’t have a computer, word processor, or even a typewriter. Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside of me.
When I was done I didn’t know how to share it. There was no Internet back then, no smart phones, and no social media. I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write. I continued to write new articles each week and shared them first with other local papers and later online as well. Years later at the urging of my readers I even selfpublished two collections of my stories in book form.
Through my writing I slowly became more than I was. In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well. I also found that we all are writers whether we put pen to paper or not. With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do, we are writing our own life story.
Lance Wubbels once wrote：“I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己從熱愛閱讀到成為一名作家的經(jīng)歷。從這個過程中，作者認(rèn)識到了寫作的意義，并感悟到人生就像寫作，每個人都要用心書寫自己的人生故事。
5．As a boy, when the author found he had something to share, ________．
A．he wrote it down
B．he ignored it
C．he shared it on social media
D．he told it to a writer
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it...wrote everything that was burning inside of me.”可知，作者一開始想忽略內(nèi)心的想法，但是后來還是寫了下來。故選A。
6．How did the author begin his writing career?
A．He was hired as a newspaper editor.
B．He put his stories online by himself.
C．He selfpublished two books.
D．He was helped by a local newspaper editor.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written.” 及“He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write.”可知，作者是在當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹埖囊晃痪庉嫷膸椭麻_始了自己的寫作事業(yè)。故選D。
7．What does the author think of writing?
A．Writing takes practice and efforts.
B．Writing can benefit oneself and others.
C．Writing helps people tell right from wrong.
D．Only with a pen can one write his life story.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well.”可知，作者在自己的作品中，遇到了最好的自己，發(fā)現(xiàn)了所有的人身上都有的善良和光明，還找到了偉大的愛和歡樂，并鼓勵別人也選擇愛和歡樂。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為寫作利己利人。故選B。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Way to Be a Writer
B．A Way to Share Ideas
C．Living Is Writing
D．Writing Is the Source of Love
C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。從全文的內(nèi)容可知，作者講述了自己從熱愛閱讀到成為一名作家的經(jīng)歷；再結(jié)合最后一段，作者引用了Lance Wubbels的名言表達(dá)自己對寫作的感悟可知，從這個過程中，作者認(rèn)識到寫作的意義，并感悟到人生就像寫作，每個人都要用心書寫自己的人生故事。故選C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·洛陽、許昌質(zhì)檢)My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was __1__. I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest __2__. This year, __3__， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.
The 800－meter event was approaching, meaning that I would __4__ soon. I breathed deeply and tried to __5__ my worries. I walked over to some of the __6__ who would run with me and started to __7__ with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as __8__ as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and __9__. About twentyfive runners __10__. With these runners around me, I __11__ my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have __12__ power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my __13__. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I __14__ to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I __15__ I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my __16__. I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I __17__ him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a __18__ hug as I headed back to see him. He was __19__ because I had shortened my original __20__ by twelve seconds at least.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。“我”以前喜歡一個人跑步，最不愛參加運動會，但是今年“我”努力嘗試，參加了跑步比賽。
1．A.shocked B．nervous
C．comfortable D．brave
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，當(dāng)“我”與運動員同伴賽跑時，“我”很緊張。
2．A.stadium B．hospital
C．bathroom D．station
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“I had butterflies in my stomach”并結(jié)合選項和常識可推知，“我”和其他人一起跑步很緊張，會突然急切地想去最近的洗手間。
3．A.however B．instead
C．otherwise D．moreover
A　解析：空處所在句表示今年教練鼓勵“我”去參加跑步比賽，與上文內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折，所以用however“然而”。
4．A.delay B．fail
C．escape D．compete
D　解析：根據(jù)空前的“The 800meter event was approaching”可知，“我”很快將參加800米比賽。
5．A.ignore B．increase
C．form D．imagine
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”深呼吸并試圖忽略自己的擔(dān)憂。
6．A.reporters B．judges
C．runners D．coaches
C　解析：根據(jù)語境和空后的“who would run with me”可知，“我”走向一些將和“我”一起跑步的跑步者，開始和他們一起熱身(warm up)。
7．A.watch out B．turn back
C．get away D．warm up
D　解析：參見上題解析。
8．A.smoothly B．rapidly
C．calmly D．patiently
B　解析：根據(jù)空前的“We were all...to run”并結(jié)合常識可知，“我們”都準(zhǔn)備好盡可能快地奔跑。
9．A.returned B．withdrew
C．screamed D．fired
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，發(fā)令員舉起發(fā)令槍并開槍(示意起跑)。
10．A.took off B．set down
C．looked on D．went about
A　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，發(fā)令員開槍示意起跑，大約25名賽跑者出發(fā)。
11．A.challenged B．recalled
C．forgot D．a(chǎn)dapted
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，被這些賽跑者包圍，“我”想起了教練的話。
12．A.exact B．great
C．practical D．suitable
B　解析：根據(jù)空前的“You may be small” “but”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示你或許弱小，但你擁有巨大的力量。
13．A.pressure B．salary
C．size D．a(chǎn)ge
C　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，“我”與兩倍于自己體格的運動員齊頭并進(jìn)。
14．A.offered B．pretended
C．regretted D．managed
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“make it to the top four”可知，“我”設(shè)法跑進(jìn)了前四。
15．A.claimed B．heard
C．supposed D．remembered
C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“the last lap”可知，“我”認(rèn)為自己有獲勝的可能。
16．A.speech B．mind
C．fight D．pace
D　解析：根據(jù)空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，“我”跨大步子，加快了速度。
17．A.beat B．pushed
C．dragged D．followed
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在終點線以微弱的優(yōu)勢贏了他。
18．A.soft B．cautious
C．firm D．slight
C　解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”在賽跑中取得了第一名，當(dāng)“我”回去看教練時，教練給了“我”一個堅實的擁抱。
19．A.excited B．disappointed
C．relaxed D．depressed
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，教練很興奮，因為“我”比自己原先的(跑步)時間(time)至少縮短了12秒。
20．A.distance B．time
C．lap D．step
B　解析：參見上題解析。
課時練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇讀后續(xù)寫
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·佛山高三質(zhì)檢)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What’s more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about afterschool work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.
The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that’s because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”
The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激進(jìn)的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.
Sirkka is not the only one who believes afterschool work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.
While the longterm impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban afterschool work as well!
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。瑞典一所學(xué)校在四月份取消了學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)和考試，這是該校校長Petronella Sirkka看到學(xué)生作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)太重而提出的舉措，且芬蘭采取的類似做法已獲成功。
1．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because ________．
A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea
B．they needed to do some experiments during the month
C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations
D．the headmaster had to carry out the government’s policy
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea”，并結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Sturenskolan學(xué)校的學(xué)生們在四月份沒有家庭作業(yè)和考試是該校校長提出的想法，故A項正確。
2．What makes children’s learning hard nowadays?
A．Children have to do more analyzing.
B．The approach to education is complex.
C．Children get no support at home and school.
D．There are many more facts to memorize.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.”可知，在過去，學(xué)生主要是被要求記住事實，而如今學(xué)生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子們往往很難自己理解這些材料。據(jù)此可知，反思和分析讓孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)更加困難。故A項正確。
3．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?
A．Help children with their homework.
B．Free children from afterschool housework.
C．Spend more time reading to their children.
D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能會建議父母花些時間為他們的孩子們閱讀，故C項正確。
4．What can we infer about the students in Finland?
A．They study the hardest at school.
B．They have a more relaxing school life.
C．They enjoy great success after graduation.
D．They all have a talent for math and science.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年來，芬蘭已經(jīng)取消了家庭作業(yè)、成績等級，甚至科目教學(xué)。據(jù)此可推知，芬蘭學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活更加輕松，故B項正確。
B
(2020·陜西部分學(xué)校摸底)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(紅隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding(人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　卡爾·瓊斯教授因偷稀缺鳥類的蛋而被指責(zé)，后來在動物保護(hù)領(lǐng)域被授予諾貝爾獎，他用自己的方法挽救了九種瀕危物種。
5．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞意為“榮譽(yù)”。故選C項。
6．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________．
A．a(chǎn)n endangered bird B．a(chǎn)n extinct bird
C．a(chǎn) popular bird D．a(chǎn) fierce bird
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel(紅隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一種已滅絕的鳥。故選B項。
7．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，當(dāng)時野生毛里求斯紅隼只剩4只，瓊斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法來救助毛里求斯紅隼，10年后，毛里求斯紅隼的數(shù)量飆升到300多只，如今野生紅隼約有400只。由此可推知，從鳥巢中拿出鳥蛋的方法效果很好。故選A項。
8．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests________.
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，瓊斯教授從鳥巢中拿出鳥蛋來進(jìn)行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批評。故選D項。
Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。
A tornado(龍卷風(fēng)) hit a small town nearby, leaving many families completely destroyed. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the most difficult period to appeal to people’s attention and assistance.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of a simple mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, wide eyes with confusion and fear. The article that went with the picture gave the clothing size of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that sizes of the family closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my sevenyearold twins, Brad and Brett, and threeyearold Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.
“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing，” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them.” I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. The boys were pleased to join. Brad rose and went to his room fast. He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently. Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.
The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, bestloved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. “I’ll help you find something for the little girl, too，” I said to the little Meghan.
Paragraph 1：
“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them，” Meghan turned to me._______________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：
Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them，” Meghan turned to me. “Oh, honey，” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with tears. “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that little girl happy, too.” She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy’s flat face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys. The boys watched, openmouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.
Paragraph 2：
Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had bought on sale last week. I believed the young woman in the picture would like it and fit it as much as I did. The boys had also been inspired by our behavior and carried their beloved things. We all wished the family could pass the difficult period as soon as possible and that they would love the things we gave them with all our heart.