2021版新高考地區(qū)高考英語（北師大通用版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：Unit8　Adventure-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．desert n．　　　　　　　　沙漠，荒原
2．porter n. 行李搬運工
3．luggage n. 行李
4．maximum adj. 最大的，最多的
5．footprint n. 腳印，足跡
6．exactly adv. 確切地，精確地
7．traveller n. 旅行者，旅客
8．goods n. 商品，物品，貨物
9．wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的
10．a(chǎn)uthor n. 作者
11．professor n. 教授
12．a(chǎn)mbition n. 志向，抱負(fù)
13．cheerful adj. 愉快的，高興的
14．distant adj. 遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的
15．staff n. 員工，全體工作人員
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)dventure n. 奇遇，冒險的經(jīng)歷
2．extra adj. 特別的；額外的
3．optional adj. 可選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的
4．a(chǎn)ccommodation n. 住所，住處
5．risk vt. 冒……的危險
6．flow vi. 流動，涌出
7．equipment n. 配備，設(shè)備
8．quantity n. 量，數(shù)量
9．shock vt. 震驚，驚駭
10．goal n. 目的；目標(biāo)
11．function vi. 運轉(zhuǎn)；發(fā)揮作用
12．a(chǎn)im n. 目標(biāo)；目的
13．transport n. 運輸，運送
14．shelter n. 遮蔽，庇護(hù)所
15．limit n. 邊界；限度
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．major adj. 較重要的；較嚴(yán)重的 n. 專業(yè)課 →majority n．大多數(shù)
2．tiring adj. 令人疲勞的→tired adj. 疲倦的，厭倦的→tire vt. 使疲倦；使疲勞
3．uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不自在的→comfortable adj. 舒服的→comfort n．& vt. 安慰
4．differ vi. 不同于，有區(qū)別→difference n. 不同之處→different adj. 不同的
5．a(chǎn)nxious adj. 憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→anxiously adv. 憂慮地，焦慮地→anxiety n. 焦慮，不安
6．extreme adj. 極度的，極端的→extremely adv. 極其地，極端地
7．similarity n. 相似性，類似性→similar adj. 相似的→similarly adv. 類似地
8．excitement n. 興奮，激動→excited adj. 激動的，興奮的→exciting adj. 令人興奮的
9．various adj. 不同的，各種各樣的→variety n. 品種；種類；變化→vary vi. 變化
10．preference n. 較喜歡的東西，偏愛→prefer v. 喜愛
11．a(chǎn)maze vt. 使驚愕(驚奇)→amazed adj. 驚愕的，吃驚的→amazing adj. 令人驚異的→amazement n. 吃驚，驚愕
12．confuse vt. 使困惑→confused adj. 困惑的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confusion n. 混亂；困惑
13．preparation n. 準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備→prepare vt. 準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)備→prepared adj. 準(zhǔn)備好的
14．patience n. 耐心；忍耐力→patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人→patiently adv. 耐心地
15．observe vt. 觀察，觀測→observation n. 觀察
16．disadvantage n. 不利，不利條件→advantage n. 有利條件，長處

1.由quantity想到的
①several　　　　　　幾個
②couple 一對
③score 二十
④dozen 十二個
⑤numerous 許多的
⑥none 沒有
⑦h(yuǎn)undred 一百
⑧million 百萬
⑨billion 十億
⑩trillion 萬億
2.“看”遍天下
①notice　　　　　注意到，留心
②observe 觀察
③watch 觀看，關(guān)注
④stare (at) 凝視，盯著看
⑤glance (at) 匆匆看一眼；瞥
⑥glare (at) 怒視；瞪
⑦witness 經(jīng)歷，見證
⑧l(xiāng)ook (at) 看
⑨gaze 凝視
⑩glimpse 一瞥
3.今兒個真“高興”
①cheerful　　　　　
②happy
③glad
④pleased
⑤delighted
⑥joyful
⑦merry
⑧nice
⑨pleasant
⑩agreeable
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．take__off　　　　　　　　　　起飛
2．in__order__to__do__something 目的是，以便
3．upside__down 顛倒地，倒置地
4．turn__up 出現(xiàn)，到場
5．back__out 決定不履行(允諾的事)
6．get__across 使理解(某事)
7．in__turn 輪流
8．break__out (壞事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)
9．put...into__prison 把……關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄
10．stand__by 堅持(某種說法)
11．on__one’s__way 在途中
12．break__down 損壞，不能運轉(zhuǎn)
13．run__out__of 用完，耗盡
14．carry__on 繼續(xù)做某事

1.“動詞＋across”一覽
①come across　 (偶然)遇見
②cut across 抄近路；打斷
③go across 橫穿；走過
④run across 遇到；跑著穿過
⑤get across 使理解(某事)
2.“stand”短語面面觀
①stand out　　突出；顯眼；引人注目
②stand for 代表；象征；容忍；主張
③stand by 袖手旁觀；堅持；支持；遵守
④stand up 站起來
⑤stand up for 支持；維護(hù)
3.run短語一覽
①run into　　偶然遇見；撞上
②run after 追趕；追求
③run out 被用完，用光
④run out of 用完，用盡
⑤run for 競選
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：too...to...太……而不能……
Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.
盡管人們喜歡讀他的書，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。
句型2：表示方位或時間的副詞位于句首，句子用全部倒裝語序
Then__came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接著漆黑的極地冬夜開始了。
句型3：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難
The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having__great__difficulty__walking．
接下來離開的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．All kinds of goods are being transported(運輸) to a lot of countries every day.
2．She went to London with the aim(目標(biāo)) of finding a job.
3．(北京卷)To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks(風(fēng)險), so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
4．The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity(數(shù)量)．
5．They made 30 days’ accommodations(膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.
6．We should put away our differences(differ) and work together for our common goal.
7．Most of us could hardly contain our excitement(excite) when hearing that our team won.
8．Make sure your sleep environment is quiet, dark, cool, and comfortable(comfort)．
9．The similarity(similar) between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote them both.
10．The majority(major) of my patients come to me from out of town.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．My father is so good a doctor that he is always patient with his patients and he also has patience with us.He treats us very patiently．(patient)
2．We were amazed at his amazing performance，and other people were also looking at him in amazement．(amaze)
3．The goods in this shop vary from season to season. In winter, there are various kinds of coats while in summer there are a variety of skirts.(vary)
4．From her confused look, I knew that the confusing speech made her confused．(confuse)
5．It was an anxious moment for us that day.We were waiting anxiously at the gate for the result of the match.
Next to us were some girls watching us with anxiety．(anxious)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
in order to; on one’s way to; take off; stand by; get across
1．In__order__to experience Southeast Asian culture, Wei Hua and Wei Tong decide to take the plane which 2.takes__off on Sunday to Thailand.Both of them 3.stand__by their opinions, but first they must 4.get__across their ideas to their parents. So they try to persuade their parents to let them do it.5.On__their__way__to Thailand, they will meet their friend, Tom.With his help, they will have no difficulty in communicating with the local people.
turn up; break down; run out of; carry on; in turn
Last week we joined a summer camp.We drove to the summer camp all the way 6.in__turn．Unluckily, on the way our car 7.broke__down and what was worse, we 8.ran__out__of oil.Fortunately, after a while another car 9.turned__up and it was a warm-hearted driver that offered us some fuel and helped us fix our car. Finally, we can 10.carry__on our journey.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．這條街太窄，大型貨車不能通過。
The road is too__narrow__to allow the passage of trucks.
2．門突然開了，沖出來一個高個子男孩。
Suddenly the door was opened, and out rushed__a__tall__boy．
3．(北京卷)她很難保持注意力集中。
She had__more__difficulty__(in)__keeping focused.

differ　vi.不同，有區(qū)別
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)Because a college community(群體) differs(differ) from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.
②a. The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to tell the difference(differ) between them.
b．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently(different)．
③British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.
④He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently(different)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤只有我們言行一致才能對我們希望實現(xiàn)的任何事情有影響。
Only when we match our words with actions can__we__make__a__difference__in whatever we hope to accomplish.

(1)differ from...in... 與……在……方面不一樣
(2)difference n. 不同；區(qū)別
make a difference 有影響；使不相同
tell the difference between...and...
區(qū)分……與……的差別
(3)different adj. 不同的；相異的
be different from...in...
在……方面不同
(4)differently adv. 不同地　
[名師點津] 不同和相同：
不同：differ, be different, vary
相同，相似：be the same, be similar/alike
anxious　adj.憂慮的，焦急的；掛念的；渴望的，急切的；不安的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·天津卷)She was anxious to__know(know) what had happened.
②a.(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
b．(北京卷)Anxious(anxiety) all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
③If you are worried about your health, share your anxiety(anxious) with your doctor.
④Children always seem to be anxious for the Children’s Day to come.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
我非常擔(dān)心即將到來的考試，以至于晚上都睡不著覺。
⑤(普通表達(dá))I’m so__anxious__about__the__coming__exam__that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
⑥(高級表達(dá))Anxious__about__the__coming__exam,__I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形容詞短語作狀語)

(1)be anxious for/about sth.
　　　　　　為某事?lián)?憂慮)
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.
渴望(某人) 做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦慮，憂慮，擔(dān)心
with anxiety 焦慮地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地，憂慮地；渴望地
[佳句背誦] Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.　我們有些同學(xué)很自信，渴望參加課堂活動，另一些同學(xué)則緊張不安。(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)
[名師點津] 表示渴望(做)某事的常用短語還有l(wèi)ong to do sth./for sth.；desire to do sth./for sth.；be eager to do sth./for sth.；be dying to do sth./for sth.等。
risk　vt.冒……的危險　n．[C，U]危險，風(fēng)險
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(江蘇卷)交通問題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還使人們的生命處于危險之中。
Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．

(1)risk doing sth. 　　冒險做某事
(2)at risk 有風(fēng)險；處境危險
at the risk of... 冒著……的危險
run the risk (of doing sth.)
冒險(做某事)
put...at risk 讓……處于危險之中
[佳句背誦] ①He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他覺得他應(yīng)該做好每一步的決定，而不是冒險。
②I don’t want to run the risk of losing it.
我不想冒著失掉它的風(fēng)險。
various　adj.不同的；各種各樣的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·北京卷)No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various(vary) activities on Earth Day.
②The research team is made up of pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)
(高級表達(dá))Our school has built a new stadium, which__has__various/varieties__of/a__variety__of__well-equipped__facilities．(定語從句)

(1)for various reasons　　　由于種種原因
(2)variety n. 變化；多樣性；種類
a variety of＝varieties of 種類繁多的
all kinds of 各種各樣的
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改變；變化
vary from...to...
從……到……不等；
在……到……之間變動　
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “各種各樣”表達(dá)：
①various/varieties__of/a__variety__of；
②all__kinds/sorts/types__of
confuse　vt.使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I would often get confused(confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
②I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我對中國的餐桌禮儀非常困惑，如果你給我一些在晚宴上如何做到行為得體的建議，我將感激不盡。
I am__quite__confused__by__Chinese__table__manners. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.

confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨別不清
be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂
confused adj. 困惑的；煩惱的
confusing adj. 令人費解的；使人困惑的
confusion n. 困惑　
[佳句背誦] For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.　例如，有大量的參考書，我經(jīng)常會因為選擇而感到困惑。(2018·江蘇卷)
quantity　n．量；數(shù)量
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are__being__washed(wash) away now.
b．With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is__being__washed(wash) away now.
②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
③(普通表達(dá))Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.
(高級表達(dá))Before the exam, I spent a__large__quantity__of/a__great__deal__of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.

a large/small quantity of　　　大量/少量的
large quantities of 大量的；許多的
in quantity 大量地　
[佳句背誦] Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.　專家說，表揚的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。(2019·浙江卷6月)
[名師點津] (1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞；
(2)“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
aim　n．目標(biāo)；目的；對準(zhǔn)　v．對準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，打算
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②a.(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
b．(2017·北京卷)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming/aimed(aim) at getting rid of homelessness.
③The aim of education is to__teach(teach) young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly.
④(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
⑤(普通表達(dá))In order to improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week.
(高級表達(dá))With__the__aim__of__improving/Aiming__at__improving/Aiming_
_to__improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week.(aim)

(1)aim to do sth.　　　旨在做某事
aim at doing sth./be aimed at
目的是；旨在
(2)take aim at... 瞄準(zhǔn)……
with the aim of 以……為目標(biāo)；意在……
(3)aimless adj. 無目的的
aimlessly adv. 無目的地
　[佳句背誦] This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
這項活動的目的是提高學(xué)生的聽說能力。
[詞塊助記]
aim high　　　　　　志存高遠(yuǎn)
achieve/realize my aim 達(dá)到我的目的/實現(xiàn)我的目標(biāo)
a programme aimed at teenagers
針對青少年的節(jié)目
observe　vt.& vi.看到，觀察，注意到；遵守(法律，習(xí)俗等)；慶祝(節(jié)日等)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中observe的含義
①(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.觀察
②(江蘇卷)Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守
③I’d like to tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival.慶祝
④She observed her best friend walking on the opposite side of the road.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤當(dāng)我經(jīng)過他的房子時，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。
When I passed by his house, I observed__him__playing in the yard.
⑥剛才他被看到拿著一本書走進(jìn)了辦公室。
He was__observed__to__enter the office with a book in his hand just now.

observe sb. doing sth.　看到某人正在做某事
observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事
observe sb./sth. done 看到某人/物被……
　[佳句背誦] Also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Qingming Festival is usually observed around April 5 and is a time for honoring deceased family relatives. 　清明節(jié)，也就是人們熟知的掃墓日，通常在4月5日左右，人們常在這一天祭祀亡故的親人。
[名師點津] observe作“觀察；注意”講時，可用省去to的動詞不定式或v.-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；但如果用于被動語態(tài)，省去的動詞不定式符號to要還原。類似的詞還有see, watch, notice, hear, feel，make等。
limit　vt.限制；限定　n．界限；限度
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
②(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources.
③I have limitless(limit) hopes and confidence in my university, like to my future.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④他的英語水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英語為母語的人說的話。
His English is__so__limited__that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.

(1)limit...to...　　　把……限制在……內(nèi)
(2)set a limit to... 對……規(guī)定限度
there is a/no limit to...
對……是有限的/無限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無限的　
[佳句背誦] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.　文章的長度限制在約400詞。 (全國卷Ⅰ)
[名師點津] 上述搭配中to均為介詞，后跟名詞或v.-ing形式作賓語。
take off　脫下；移去；(飛機(jī))起飛；休假；開始成功
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中take off的含義
①(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.脫掉
②(陜西卷)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.起飛
③(江蘇卷)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.開始成功
④(四川卷)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.休假

take up　　　　　　占去，占據(jù)(時間、地位等)
take down 記下；拆卸
take in 吸收；接待；欺騙；理解
take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；接納
take over 接管，接任　
[語段背誦] After taking up the job as a manager, he took down many scientific methods and took in many skilled workers. Soon the company took on a new look, which suggested the company would soon take off.
turn up　出現(xiàn)；到場；開大；調(diào)高；發(fā)現(xiàn)；向上翻
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用turn的相關(guān)短語填空
①Things turned__out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
②The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned__down．
③The moment the bell rang, all the students turned__in their papers immediately.
④I often turn__to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result, I have made great progress in my studies.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
⑤(普通表達(dá))Some famous Chinese artists will appear and perform at the exhibition.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)
(高級表達(dá))Some famous Chinese artists will turn__up and perform at the exhibition.

turn down　　　　　拒絕；關(guān)??；調(diào)低
turn in 上交；自首
turn out 結(jié)果是；證明是；生產(chǎn)；制造
turn over 翻身；移交；轉(zhuǎn)變
turn off 關(guān)掉
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助　
[佳句背誦] Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.
別著急，我相信你丟失的眼鏡遲早會出現(xiàn)的。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “出現(xiàn)，到場”短語薈萃：
①turn__up；②show__up；③be__present__at
get across　使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；橫過(馬路，河等)　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I called all day yesterday，but I couldn’t get through to you.
②The girl has been looking for a chance to get away from the beggars.
③It is hard for the poor young man to get over the difficulty this time.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果我們克服了目前的困難，那么一切都應(yīng)該會好起來。
If we can get__over__our__present__difficulties,__then everything should be all right.
⑤這兒有他許多朋友。他曾經(jīng)在這些朋友的幫助下擺脫了困境。
He has a great many friends here, with whose help he once got__away__from difficult situations.

get away from 　　逃離；遠(yuǎn)離；避開
get down to 開始認(rèn)真處理/對待，開始做
get over 克服
get through 穿過；完成；接通電話；用完
[佳句背誦] Whether we are buying, selling, consulting, or simply trying to obtain information, we will need to get across ideas to an audience we are not used to dealing with.
無論是做買賣、協(xié)商，還是僅僅獲得信息，我們都需要使那些我們從未與之打過交道的人弄明白我們的意思。
break down　分解；(機(jī)器等)出故障；(身體等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(談判等)失??；打破，消除
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中break down的含義
①(陜西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke down.(機(jī)器)出故障
②If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll break down sooner or later.(身體)垮掉
③(湖北卷)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.分解
④(天津卷)The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除
⑤(湖北卷)He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.失控

break in　　　　　強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷(談話)，插嘴
break into 闖入，破門而入
break out 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生
break through 突破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝
break up 解散；結(jié)束；拆散
break away 突然離開；突然掙脫
[佳句背誦] Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down.
媽媽闖進(jìn)我的房間，告訴我不要熬夜了，否則身體會垮掉的。
run out of　用盡；用完
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用run的相關(guān)短語填空
①(2019·北京卷)If they run__out__of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
②In the future, care for the environment will become very important as the earth’s natural resources__run__out．
③I’d like to run__for the vice president of the English club in our school.
④I__ran__across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
如果我們繼續(xù)像這樣用水，我們很快就會把它用完。
⑤If we keep using the water like this, we will__soon__run__out__of__it. (run)
⑥If we keep using the water like this, it will__soon__run__out. (run)
⑦If we keep using the water like this, we will__soon__use__it__up. (use)
⑧If we keep using the water like this, it will__soon__be__used__up. (use)

(1)run out 　　　　用完；用盡
give out 用盡；用完；精疲力竭
use up 用盡；用完
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run for 競選；匆匆去取
run into 撞上；遇到　
[佳句背誦] ①What should I do when I’m about to run out of gas at midnight on my way home?
當(dāng)我的車在午夜回家的路上快沒油了，我該怎么辦？
②It’s my great honor to announce that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.
[名師點津]
(1)run out of＝use up表示主動意義，主語通常是人；
(2)run out＝be used up表示被動意義，主語通常是物；
(3)give out作“用盡；用完”講時，用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是物。

too...to...太……而不能……
(教材P26)Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.　盡管人們喜歡讀他的書，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to__make(make) necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
②a.You can’t be too careful while doing your homework.
b．You can never be careful enough to__do(do) your homework.
[能力提升]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換
③Mary was so absorbed in her study that she couldn’t hear the noise outside.
→Mary was too__absorbed__in__her__study__to__hear the noise outside.

(1)某些形容詞與“too...to...”句型連用時，too (＝very) 表示肯定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(2)當(dāng)在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just時，“too ...to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義，此時too帶有贊賞的感情色彩。
(3)“too ...to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)和never, not等否定副詞連用時，表示肯定意義，意為“無論……也不過分；越……越好”?！?
[佳句背誦] ①Just as an old saying goes：“It is never too late to learn.”
正如那句老話所言：“活到老，學(xué)到老”。
②Don’t worry. I’ll be only too glad to help you if there’s anything wrong. 　不用擔(dān)心，如果出了什么問題，我會很樂意幫助你的。
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難
(教材P28)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
接下來離開的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding(find) Ann’s house?
—Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
②You have no difficulty remembering(remember) the new words, so you can’t imagine the difficulty I have learning(learn) them by heart.
③Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))We had__difficulty__walking__home(步行回家非常困難) in the snowstorm. You can’t imagine the difficulty.
⑤(高級表達(dá))You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__we__had__walking__home_
_in__the__snowstorm！(定語從句＋感嘆句)

(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等修飾，difficulty還可以用trouble, problems, a hard time等替換。
(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth.　　在某事上有困難
(3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事/在某事上沒有困難
　
[佳句背誦] Undoubtedly, we must have difficulty in searching for the road leading to science.
毫無疑問，我們在尋找通向科學(xué)的道路上一定有困難。
[名師點津] (1)在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.時，difficulty往往提前作主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語為“have＋doing”形式；
(2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.
2．(2018·江蘇卷)As children grew，they became more anxious(anxiety) to get more public approval.
3．It is reported that a large quantity of money has__been__wasted(waste) on the project.
4．A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity(similar)．
5．The manager was extremely(extreme) angry and left the meeting room without saying a word.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．The speaker was too excited to get across to most of the listeners present at the meeting.
2．When we hurried to the airport, the plane to Shanghai had taken off．
3．School provides a variety of activities for children after class.
4．In my opinion, you’d better set a limit to the expense of your trip.
5．(全國卷)I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.
維度三　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．(江蘇卷)Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and limits the size of brains.限制
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.拒絕
3．The Chinese people observe the Spring Festival from generation to generation.慶祝
4．There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.憂慮；焦慮
5．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to introduce American customs.目的是
6．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was burned to the ground.爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生
7．Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.不同的；各種各樣的
8．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.打破

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
In order to experience Chinese culture which 1.differs(differ) from his country’s, Tom planned to travel to Beijing. He first got his idea 2.across to his parents. With his parents’ permission, he decided to go to Beijing by plane which took 3.off on Sunday. For this trip, he made full 4.preparations(prepare) for it. On the way to Beijing, he came across his friend, Li Hua. After arriving in Beijing, he had no difficulty 5.communicating(communicate) with the local people with the help of Li Hua. To his amazement, there are 6.various(vary) kinds of entertainment facilities, activities and large 7.quantities(quantity) of old buildings. In a word, it’s so dizzying. Apart from the trip, he also aims to learn Chinese well, and he takes full advantage 8.of every minute to study hard. He strictly 9.limits(limit) his time of playing. We often see him 10.studying(study) late into night. We all think he should pay attention to his health in case it breaks down.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①史密斯先生開車去倫敦上班途中汽車出了故障。
Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work when__his__car__broke__down．
②他打電話給汽車修理廠，維護(hù)工很快就來了。
He telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned__up．
③10分鐘后，他的車被修好了。
Ten minutes later his__car__was__repaired．
④為了彌補(bǔ)落下的時間，他飛快行駛。
He wanted to make__up__for__the__lost__time so he began to drive faster.
⑤后來他車?yán)锏挠陀霉饬?，沒能按時到達(dá)倫敦。
The oil in the tank ran__out,__so he failed__to__reach London on time.
2．升級平淡句
⑥用in order to升級句④
He__began__to__drive__faster__in__order__to__make__up__for__the__lost__time.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：so, unfortunately)
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One possible version：
Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work when his car broke down. So, he telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned up. Ten minutes later his car was repaired. He began to drive faster in order to make up for the lost time. Unfortunately, the oil in the tank ran out, so he failed to reach London on time.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形＋1篇應(yīng)用文寫作
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·鄭州質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Four teenage girls from Minnesota, US. 120 hours of nonstop togetherness. No cellphones. This is not a reality show, but an adventure journey.
“It was really perfect，” said Julia Ruelle of her recent adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three of her childhood friends. “By unplugging, we had an amazing time.”
Last year, the 16-year-old took part in an essay contest and carried off a prize. The award was a 5-day canoe and camping adventure with up to three friends. No parents or guides would be there. So Julia invited her friends Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli.
The four Minnetonka High School juniors arrived in Ely for training the day before they began the journey. They set out the next day at 7 a．m., quickly developing a routine.
“We were done paddling by noon，” Julia said. “We ate lunch at the campsites and then it was time for hammocks(吊床), reading, making friendship bracelets(手鐲) and talking.”
The girls all had experience in the outdoors before.
Anna had been to the Boundary Waters with her family. “I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially technology, ” Anna said. Without her phone, she said, “I’m less worried about things.” Madeline, too, had been to the Boundary Waters a few years ago. “But this time, I had to paddle right and set up camp，” she said. The girls made fire and cooked meal together. No one was ever hungry or homesick, but they were nervous in the final night as they waited out a thunderstorm. They left wet sleeping bags in one tent, and squeezed into another for the night. “Every thunderstorm in the Boundary Waters feels huge，” Julia said.
On the car ride home, they were all on their phones catching up with friends. “It was a little at a loss turning my phone on，” said Anna. “Mental health can be improved so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to get away and reconnect with yourself.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　16歲的高中女生Julia Ruelle參加了一個作文比賽并獲獎，獎品是邀請最多三位朋友一起進(jìn)行為期五天的獨木舟和露營探險。于是四個女孩關(guān)閉手機(jī)，體驗了獨特的五天冒險之旅。
1．How did Julia Ruelle get the chance to camp?
A．She won an essay contest.
B．She was invited by her friends.
C．She performed well in her school.
D．She asked her parents for support.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“Last year, the 16-year-old took part in an essay contest and carried off a prize. The award was a 5-day canoe and camping adventure with up to three friends.”可知，Julia Ruelle參加了一個作文比賽并獲獎，獎品是一次為期五天的獨木舟和露營探險，最多可以邀請三個朋友。據(jù)此可知，Julia Ruelle是通過在一次作文比賽中獲獎獲得這次機(jī)會的，故A項正確。
2．Why was the 5-day adventure unique to the girls?
A．They needed to complete many tasks.
B．They needed to find a guide on their own.
C．They had to live on a boat for several days.
D．They had to live without their smartphones.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“No cellphones.”和倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Without her phone, she said，‘I’m less worried about things.’”可知，此次活動的獨特之處在于不允許帶手機(jī)，故D項正確。
3．What can we know about the girls from the story?
A．They had not got any camping experience before.
B．They all felt refreshed after the adventure journey.
C．They enriched their learning experiences by exploring.
D．They used to keep in close touch with their friends by phone.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mental health can be improved so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to get away and reconnect with yourself.”可推知，經(jīng)歷這次冒險之旅后，她們都感受到，這次冒險之旅遠(yuǎn)離塵囂，重新與自己連接，改善了自己的精神健康，故B項正確。
B
(2020·河南六市高三聯(lián)考)It was about seven years ago. I just picked up my three-year-old daughter from the nursery. I was weighed down with shopping bags, and with my daughter’s things. We arrived at a pedestrian crossing and she pressed the button. In the distance, I heard alarms, told my daughter to wait and watched a police car approaching.
Little did I know, as the__green__man flashed, that my daughter had begun to run into the road. I watched the police car speed toward us—that’s when you sounded your horn and waved wildly to me. My daughter was about a meter from the path of the police car, hidden from their view by your car.
I screamed her name and ran toward her. She stopped and was shocked by the rush of the police car as it sped past. She wondered why you had blown your horn, asking, “Mom, why was that woman so rude？” not realizing you had saved her life.
She wondered why I picked her up and burst into tears. My legs gave way as I reached the other side of the road. I should have followed my “wait” with a hand on her shoulder, or an explanation of why we were ignoring the green man this time, especially as I had in effect conditioned her to cross the road at the sight of the green flash.
I beat myself up for months, and still do, with flashbacks and horrible assumptions about what might have been. But for your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen, I would have been left a mother on the other side of the road, totally broken. I apologize for putting you in that position—I can imagine that it upset you，too. You saved her life and I am so grateful.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。大約七年前，“我”的女兒過馬路時沒有注意到警車，幸虧一位女士按喇叭提醒，才挽救了女兒的生命。這件事讓“我”至今難忘，心中充滿感激。
4．What does the underlined part “the green man” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A pedestrian.　　　　　　 B．A policeman.
C．A traffic sign. D．A button.
C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Little did I know, as the__green__man flashed，that my daughter had begun to run into the road.”并結(jié)合常識可知，此處表示看到綠燈亮之后，“我”的女兒跑到了馬路上；據(jù)此可推知，畫線部分指代一種交通標(biāo)志，故C項正確。A項意為“一個行人”，B項意為“一個警察”，D項意為“一個按鈕”，都與語境不符。
5．Why did the woman sound her horn?
A．To stop the police car.
B．To show her impatience.
C．To greet passing pedestrians.
D．To draw the mother’s attention.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“I watched the police car speed toward us—that’s when you sounded your horn and waved wildly to me. My daughter was about a meter from the path of the police car, hidden from their view by your car.”可知，“我”看到警車向“我們”疾馳而來，這時你按響了喇叭，瘋狂地向“我”揮手?！拔摇钡呐畠弘x警車的車道大約一米遠(yuǎn)，你的車擋住了他們的視線。據(jù)此可推知，那位女士按響喇叭是為了引起這位母親的注意，提醒她注意她女兒的安全，故D項正確。
6．What can we infer from the incident?
A．The mother didn’t regret what had happened.
B．The daughter didn’t follow the traffic rules.
C．The woman responded quickly and properly.
D．The police drove beyond the speed limit.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，當(dāng)看到小女孩面臨危險時，那位女士按響喇叭，并瘋狂地向小女孩的母親揮手；并結(jié)合第三段第一、二句“I screamed her name and ran toward her. She stopped and was shocked by the rush of the police car as it sped past.”可知，警車疾馳而過，“我”的女兒安然無恙；據(jù)此可推知，那位女士反應(yīng)快速、正確，挽救了小女孩的生命，故C項正確。
7．How did the mother feel when taking hold of her daughter?
A．Angry and shocked.
B．Scared but relieved.
C．Guilty and confused.
D．Grateful but sad.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“She wondered why I picked her up and burst into tears. My legs gave way as I reached the other side of the road.”可知，女兒不知道“我”為什么把她抱起來并突然大哭起來；當(dāng)“我”走到路的另一邊時，“我”的腿軟了；結(jié)合上文可知，一位女士的提醒使“我”的女兒避免了車禍；據(jù)此可推知，抓住女兒時，這位母親既害怕，又感到寬慰，故B項正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·河北九校聯(lián)考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..
I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint.
__6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team.
Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a co-captain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team!
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了她學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，字里行間透露的是作者的毅力和決心。
1．A.really　　　　　　　　 B．merely
C．suddenly D．barely
D　解析：根據(jù)But的轉(zhuǎn)折和后面的內(nèi)容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..”可知，此處應(yīng)用一個表示否定意義的副詞，表示作者不知道接下來幾年的舞蹈學(xué)習(xí)會教她這么多人生課程。barely“幾乎不，幾乎沒有”，符合語境。
2．A.various B．latest
C．unique D．classical
A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者學(xué)跳各種(various)風(fēng)格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“獨特的”；classical“古典的”。
3．A.worked out B．took out
C．came out D．stood out
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奮，她很快在舞蹈隊里脫穎而出。work out “鍛煉身體，計算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被獲知，盛開”； stand out “出色，顯眼”。
4．A.deadly B．strange
C．costly D．valuable
C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)eading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此處表示因為舞蹈課的費用非常高，父母無力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈學(xué)習(xí)。costly是形容詞，表示“昂貴的”。
5．A.happy B．content
C．comfortable D．secure
C　解析：根據(jù)上文作者父母無力支付作者舞蹈學(xué)習(xí)費用的內(nèi)容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此處表示作者知道家里并不寬裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”；content“滿足的”；comfortable“寬裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。
6．A.Now that B．Even if
C．As though D．Just when
B　解析：根據(jù)主句“I used what I learned...develop my dancing skills”可以推斷出，該空所在的從句是讓步狀語從句，故用Even if“盡管”。
7．A.new B．primary
C．previous D．final
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者這幾年沒有上正規(guī)的舞蹈課，由此推斷她用以前學(xué)到的舞蹈知識來進(jìn)行練習(xí)。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最終的”。
8．A.energy B．a(chǎn)dmiration
C．a(chǎn)ppreciation D．enthusiasm
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，在不能上舞蹈課的情況下，作者還在堅持跳舞，由此可以推斷出她對舞蹈飽含熱情。energy “精力”；admiration “欽佩，羨慕”；appreciation “感激”；enthusiasm “熱情”。
9．A.instructor B．performer
C．partner D．contributor
A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，對跳舞的熱情幫助作者學(xué)習(xí)如何做一個教練。instructor “教練，導(dǎo)師”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐獻(xiàn)者”。
10．A.spoke about B．backed up
C．made up D．put on
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者為家人表演節(jié)目。put on“上演”。
11．A.attempted B．failed
C．chose D．intended
B　解析：根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，作者四年間沒有上正規(guī)的舞蹈課，再聯(lián)系本句中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事”符合語境。attempt“嘗試”；choose“選擇”；intend“打算，計劃”。
12．A.admitted B．a(chǎn)ddicted
C．a(chǎn)dapted D．a(chǎn)pplied
A　解析：根據(jù)下一段內(nèi)容可知，作者成為校舞蹈隊的成員，因此這里指作者被校舞蹈隊錄取。be admitted to“被……錄取”。
13．A.considered B．pushed
C．warned D．expected
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a co-captain of the team and lead them to...”可知，此處表示在校舞蹈隊期間，作者督促自己做該隊中最優(yōu)秀的隊員。push sb. to be/do...表示“督促某人成為……/做……”。consider“認(rèn)為”；warn“告誡”；expect“期望”。
14．A.examination B．campaign
C．a(chǎn)ctivity D．trial
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者努力參與每一項校舞蹈隊的舞蹈活動(activity)。
15．A.injuries B．goals
C．disagreements D．desires
A　解析：根據(jù)下文的腳踝受傷、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞過程中作者曾多次受傷(injuries)。goal “目標(biāo)”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。
16．A.recovery B．practice
C．suffering D．learning
A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of ______”可推斷出，此處指作者腳踝受傷之后花費數(shù)月恢復(fù)，故選recovery “恢復(fù)，康復(fù)”。practice “訓(xùn)練”；suffering “痛苦”；learning “學(xué)習(xí)”。
17．A.cured B．caused
C．defeated D．fought
B　解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，第二個舞蹈賽季導(dǎo)致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。
18．A.just B．a(chǎn)lso
C．yet D．still
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此處應(yīng)表示這直至今天還困擾著作者，故用still。
19．A.approach B．understand
C．win D．keep
C　解析：即便有這么多傷痛，作者還是成功帶領(lǐng)校舞蹈隊贏得了校舞蹈隊歷史上第一個全國冠軍頭銜。根據(jù)句中的“national championship title”可知，此處用win。win the...title表示“獲得……冠軍頭銜”。
20．A.organization B．history
C．charge D．imagination
B　解析：參見上題解析。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
假定你是李華，你的美國外教Tom 在你校任教期間，幫助學(xué)校組建了英語俱樂部，增強(qiáng)了英語學(xué)習(xí)的氛圍?，F(xiàn)在，他三年任期已滿準(zhǔn)備回國。請你代表學(xué)校給他寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：
1．對其所做工作表示感謝；
2．表達(dá)繼續(xù)保持聯(lián)系的愿望；
3．歡迎他再次來中國。
注意：
1．詞數(shù) 80 左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Tom，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Tom，
I’m writing on behalf of my school to extend our sincere gratitude for your productive work in the past three years. It is you who have helped set up the English club of our school and have encouraged many students to communicate in English bravely. As a result, you have greatly enhanced the English learning atmosphere among us students.
We are sorry to say goodbye for the moment, but we really hope to stay connected with you. Looking forward to the future reunion with you.
Best wishes!
Yours__truly，
Li__Hua
課時練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋
1篇語法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·濟(jì)南針對性訓(xùn)練)The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40，000 plant species, 3，000 fish, 1，294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.
The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and thrived even during glacial periods, allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species. Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old, and some trees over 1，000 years old, indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.
The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago. European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民). By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.
The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation(濫伐森林), rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface, and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change. Severe deforestation began in the 20th century, with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture. The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation, and at the present rate, scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了亞馬遜熱帶雨林的歷史、豐富的物種以及現(xiàn)在所面臨的危險。
1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove the forest untouched.
B．To classify species scientifically.
C．To show the diversity of species.
D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些關(guān)于動植物種類的數(shù)字說明了亞馬遜熱帶雨林的物種多樣性，故選C。
2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?
A．European explorers brought diseases there.
B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.
C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.
D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．”可知，可能多達(dá)90%的亞馬遜土著居民因為歐洲探險者所帶來的疾病而死亡，故選A。
3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?
A．It has the largest number of species.
B．It covers over 5% of South America.
C．It is becoming larger in area.
D．It is being endangered now.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句中的“at the present rate...in two decades”并結(jié)合最后一段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林遭到破壞，而且未來20年可能會減少40%，故選D。
4．What may be included in the following paragraph?
A．Examples of destroying forests.
B．Measures to protect rainforests.
C．New settlements in the Amazon region.
D．Ways to stop global warming.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的關(guān)鍵詞“deforestation”可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林砍伐嚴(yán)重，那么本文接下來自然就會論述這一問題的解決措施，故選B。
B
(2020·佛山高三調(diào)研)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先發(fā)制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛蟲), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”
“That’s the million-dollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了一項新的科學(xué)研究。研究表明植物會對外在威脅相當(dāng)警覺，會自動作出反應(yīng)進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)。
5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________．
A．make them grow better
B．give them a warning
C．keep plant-eating animals away
D．inform plant-eating animals of danger
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑液體的目的是給予植物一種警告，讓它們能夠產(chǎn)生自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，且其與第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼應(yīng)，故選B。
6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To introduce another animal.
B．To confirm the result of the study.
C．To appeal to people to protect animals.
D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛蟲的例子是為了驗證研究的結(jié)果，故選B。
7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?
A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C．Whether the research is of practical value.
D．What the finding of the research is.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并結(jié)合對最后一段的整體理解可推知，Richard Karban實際上想了解的是西紅柿植株是如何意識到危險的，故選A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Watchful Plants　　　　　 B．Greedy Animals
C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章中的關(guān)鍵詞plant，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是有關(guān)植物的科學(xué)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物有對外在威脅或攻擊的自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng)，故選A。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·平頂山名校模擬)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centres. 5.________
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了加入圖書館的原因。圖書館是人們減壓的好場所，在那里人們還可以免費學(xué)習(xí)文化知識。圖書館隨著時代發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了一種社區(qū)意識。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life.”可知，對一些人來說，圖書館是躲避日常生活壓力的庇護(hù)所；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)與此對應(yīng)，介紹其他人對圖書館的看法，故G項符合語境。
2．D　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借書證免費借書，不過如果逾期還書，你將不可避免地面臨罰款；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹在圖書館免費讀書的情況，故D項符合語境，銜接上下文。且D項中的“You can”與空后一句中的“You can also”相呼應(yīng)。
3．A　解析：根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段的主題句；結(jié)合對本段的整體理解，尤其是該段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通過閱讀，你可以一直拓展你的學(xué)習(xí)，擴(kuò)大你的詞匯量；據(jù)此可知，該段主要說明了圖書館可以幫助人學(xué)習(xí)，故A項正確。
4．E　解析：根據(jù)本段的主題句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空處應(yīng)是介紹現(xiàn)如今的圖書館利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)設(shè)備的情況，故E項與此處匹配。
5．C　解析：根據(jù)該段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知，圖書館能讓公眾聚集起來成為一個社區(qū)；結(jié)合空處位置可知，空處總結(jié)該段，即圖書館創(chuàng)造了一種社區(qū)意識，故C項正確。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·洛陽、許昌質(zhì)檢)Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not 1.____________(eat) meat and animal products.
Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat, while vegans are people who don’t eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles 2.____________(become) more well-known in the UK. 3.____________ are Britons cutting their meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 4.____________ the environment. 5.____________(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become 6.____________(healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet can help reduce 7.____________ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.
Organic farming is 8.____________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified (轉(zhuǎn)基因的) food and want their food to be 9.____________(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat 10.____________(produce) without the use of drugs.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了英國正在流行的兩大趨勢，即素食主義和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)。
1．to eat　解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處為固定搭配decide not to do sth.“決定不做某事”，故用不定式作賓語。
2．a(chǎn)re becoming　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。與上文“Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼應(yīng)可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)在的一種趨勢，且與句子主語的復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致，故用are becoming。
3．Why　解析：考查疑問副詞。與語境中的問號呼應(yīng)，并結(jié)合下文的內(nèi)容可推知，此處表示對原因的疑問，故用特殊疑問詞Why。
4．on　解析：考查介詞。effect on sb./sth.意為“對某人/某(事)物有影響”，為固定搭配，故用介詞on。
5．Worries　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。worry為可數(shù)名詞時，意為“令人擔(dān)憂的事”，且根據(jù)語境及該句中的have可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。
6．healthier　解析：考查形容詞的比較級。句意：為了變得更健康，其他一些人選擇改變他們的飲食習(xí)慣。此處包含一個比較的概念，故用形容詞比較級形式作become的表語。
7．the　解析：考查冠詞。risk被介詞短語of certain cancers修飾，表示特指，故用定冠詞the修飾。
8．a(chǎn)nother　解析：考查限定詞。與上文“Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示另外一種興起的趨勢，故用限定詞another修飾名詞trend，表示“再一，另一”。
9．organically　解析：考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞，故用副詞organically修飾動詞produced。
10．is produced　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，produce與句子主語Organic meat是被動關(guān)系，且表示客觀敘述，故用其一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)形式。