
1 influence v. & n.影響
[觀察] He has great influence n the gvernment. 他對(duì)政府有很大的影響力。What we read influences ur thinking.我們所閱讀的書本會(huì)影響我們的思想。
[探究] influence可以作名詞,也可以作動(dòng)詞,意為“影響”。短語:____________________ 對(duì)……有影響。
have (an) influence n
Sectin B
活學(xué)活用[2013·柳州] 根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞 Believe in yurself. Dn't let thers i________ yur decisin.
2 seldm adv.不常;很少
[觀察] As a small child, he seldm gave his parents any prblems, and they were prud f him. 當(dāng)他還是小孩子的時(shí)候,他很少給他的父母惹麻煩,他的父母為他感到驕傲。
[探究] seldm是副詞,近義詞:hardly adv. 意為“幾乎不”。
活學(xué)活用( )[2013·淮安] My uncle desn't like fast fd, s he ________ eats it. A.a(chǎn)lways B.ftenC.smetimes D.seldm
3 absent adj. 缺席;不在
[觀察] He was ften absent frm classes, s he failed his examinatins. 他經(jīng)常逃課,所以考試不及格。
[探究] absent是形容詞,意為“缺席的;不在的”, ____________________意為“缺席”。
be absent frm
[拓展] 反義詞:present adj. 出席的;到場(chǎng)的
4 fail v.不及格;失??;未能(做到)
[觀察] We tried but failed.我們?cè)囘^,但失敗了。If yu dn't wrk, yu will fail t pass the exam.如果你不學(xué)習(xí),你考試就會(huì)不及格。
[探究] fail作動(dòng)詞,意為“不及格;失?。晃茨?做到)”。fail _____________ sth.未能做某事。
[拓展] 反義詞:succeed v. 成功 pass v. 及格;考試通過
活學(xué)活用( )He was unhappy, because he ________ his driving test. A.succeeded B.failedC.missed D.passed
[解析] 句意:他不高興,因?yàn)樗{駛執(zhí)照考試不及格。故fail符合題意。
5 be prud f為……驕傲;感到自豪
[觀察] The wman was prud f her sn's success. 那個(gè)女人為她兒子的成功而驕傲。
[探究] 該短語中prud是形容詞,意為“驕傲的;自豪的”; be prud f=take ____________。
活學(xué)活用( )[2013·聊城] —Mm, I was the first t reach the tp f the muntain.—Gd jb, Jack! I'm ________ f yu.A.careful B.prudC.tired D.a(chǎn)fraid
6 make a decisin作出決定
[觀察] Finally, his parents made a decisin t send him t a barding schl. 最后,他的父母決定把他送到一所寄宿學(xué)校。
[探究] 該短語中decisin是名詞,意為“決定;決心”。
[拓展] decisin的同根詞:decide v. 決定;decide的常見短語:decide t d sth. 決定做某事
活學(xué)活用(1)我們已作出了一個(gè)好的決定。We have ________ ____ ______ __________.(2)我們最終決定還是不離開。We've __________ ______ ____ g away at last.
7 advise sb. t d sth. 建議某人做某事
[觀察] The head teacher advised his parents t talk with their sn in persn. 校長(zhǎng)建議他的父母親自和兒子談一談。
[探究] 該短語中advise是動(dòng)詞,意為“建議;提議”。 advise sb.(nt) ______________ sth.意為“建議某人(不要)做某事” 。
[拓展] advise的名詞形式是____________。
活學(xué)活用( )Mary advised me ________ the English club. A.jin B.jiningC.t jin D.jined
8 in persn親身;親自
[觀察] He will be present at the meeting in persn.他將親自參加會(huì)議。
[探究] in persn意為“親自;親身”,與“fr neself”同義。
活學(xué)活用你必須親自來這里。Yu must cme here ____ ____________.
9 t ne's surprise 令某人驚訝的是
[觀察] T everyne's surprise, this cnversatin changed Li Wen's life. 令所有人驚訝的是,這次談話改變了李文的生活。
[探究] 該短語中surprise是名詞,意為“驚訝”。surprise還可以作動(dòng)詞,意為“使驚訝”。
活學(xué)活用(1)令我們驚訝的是,他考試沒有及格。____ ______ __________, he didn't pass the exam. (2)我們對(duì)這則消息感到吃驚。We ______ __________ ______ the news.(3)他吃驚地問:“難道你以前沒看過這部電影嗎?”He asked ______ ____________, “Haven't yu ever seen the film befre?”
10 take care f照顧
[觀察] I tk care f my little sister when my parents were nt at hme.當(dāng)我父母不在家時(shí),我照顧我的妹妹。
[探究] take care f意為“照顧”,與“l(fā)k after”和“care fr”同義。
[拓展] take gd care f意為“好好照顧”,其同義表達(dá)為“l(fā)k after…well”。
活學(xué)活用改為同義句They prmised t take care f my dg. They prmised t ________ ________ my dg.
1 There were s many rules, and he used t break them all the time. (學(xué)校)有如此多的規(guī)定,他以前一直都不遵守它們。
[探究] s many rules意為“如此多的規(guī)定”,如果名詞前有many修飾,要用s,而不用such。
[辨析] s與suchs和such都可表示程度,意為“如此,這樣”。(1)such 是形容詞,修飾名詞,而s是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞。
(2)當(dāng)名詞被many, much, little, few修飾時(shí),其前只能用s,不能用such。(3)當(dāng)that前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí),s與such可以互換。即s+adj.+a/an+n.=such+a/an+adj.+n.。如:She is s gd a teacher that we all lve her.=She is such a gd teacher that we all lve her. 她是一位好老師,我們都愛她。
活學(xué)活用用s或such填空(1)The by is _____ yung that he can't g t schl. (2)He tld us_________ a funny stry that we all laughed. (3)He has _____ few bks t read that he has t brrw sme frm the library.(4)The girl had_____ high a fever that she culdn't g t schl.
2 He has been wrking hard and is nw ne f the best students in his class. 他學(xué)習(xí)一直很努力,現(xiàn)在他是班里最好的學(xué)生之一。
[探究] 本句中的has been wrking屬于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如:I have been thinking abut this questin fr weeks. 我對(duì)這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)考慮好幾個(gè)星期了。
[拓展] 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者剛剛終止,或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。該時(shí)態(tài)與since或fr連用時(shí),常常表示動(dòng)作會(huì)進(jìn)行下去。
活學(xué)活用我們一直滑冰滑了三個(gè)小時(shí)。We ________ ________ ____________ fr three hurs.
[探究] made him feel…屬于make sb. d sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“使某人做某事”,其中d sth.是make的賓語補(bǔ)足語。make的常見搭配有:(1)make+sb./sth.+動(dòng)詞原形。如:He made me stay with him. 他讓我和他待在一起。 (2)make+sb./sth.+adj. 如:The gd news makes me excited.這則好消息使我興奮。
(3)make+sb./sth.+n. 如: All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by.只學(xué)習(xí)不玩耍,聰明的孩子也變傻。
[拓展] 當(dāng)把make sb. d sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要把省略了的t補(bǔ)出來。如:Her brther made her cry.→She was made t cry by her brther.她哥哥把她弄哭了。His parents made him study all day.→He was made __________ all day by his parents. 他的父母讓他整天學(xué)習(xí)。
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