專題08 閱讀理解之說明文15篇(新高考八省專用)(第二期)--2025年高考英語名校模擬真題匯編（新高考八省專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

（24-25高三上·山西晉中·階段練習(xí)）Acrss the US, small farmers have been struggling fr years t cver their csts f prductin. Even fr rganic farmers, wh can sell the prduce at higher prices, making a prfit is tugh. But thrughut the Midwest, a new farm-t-table strategy is helping sme farmers.
At Stney Acres in Athens, Wiscnsin, the farmyard is transfrmed every Friday night between May and Octber-as hundreds f peple cme t rder rganic pizzas.
On ne summer evening, Brenda and Jsh Murray rder ne f the simple pizzas; pepperni. All the ingredients (食材), except the cheese, are grwn n the farm. The cheese is made at a neighbring family farm. Even the sausages are frm pigs raised at Stney Acres.
Kat Becker and Tny Schultz, the wners f Stney Acres have been selling their prduce thrugh a Cmmunity Supprted Agriculture (CSA) prgram. They als prduce hney and supply vegetables t a lcal schl. But pizza is pening a new frntier fr their farm.
“Our CSA prgram, which has been ur backbne and used t be abut 85% f ur incme, is nw a little bit mre than 50% f ur incme,” Becker says. “In these grwing direct markets, we can have mre cntrl ver the pricing.”
While cutting ut the middle man may be an advantage, there’s clearly mre t it. Sarah Lakewd has been cming t pizza night at Stney Acres since it started.
“I had never experienced anything like it befre,” she says. “It gt t the pint where we were cming every week and, then, when we were here that last night the first summer. I felt like we were ging t lse sme friends fr six mnths.”
It’s estimated that there are nw a few dzen farms in Wiscnsin, Mipnesra and lwa ffering pizza nights. Lts f family farmers have given up the farm since pizza night ffers a way t increase their dds f survival while ffering a new scial space fr their custmers.
1．Which f the fllwing can best describe the US small farmers?
A．Farming is nt very prfitable.
B．Organic prduce s very prfitable.
C．The csts f prductin are decreasing.
D．There are many easier ways t make mney.
2．Accrding t the text, the farm-t-table strategy .
A．will help ppularize rganic farming
B．has already replaced the CSA prgram
C．can give farmers mre say n the prices
D．is facing fierce resistance frm middle men
3．What des Sarah Lakewd like abut the pizza night?
A．The cheap fd.B．The freign ingredients.
C．The weekly parties.D．The friendly atmsphere.
4．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Technlgy.B．Agriculture.C．Culture.D．Advertisement.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章主要討論了美國小農(nóng)場主面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及一種新的“農(nóng)場到餐桌”的策略如何幫助他們增加收入和社交空間。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Acrss the US, small farmers have been struggling fr years t cver their csts f prductin.(在美國，小農(nóng)場主多年來一直在努力支付生產(chǎn)成本。)”可知，美國小農(nóng)場主一直都在盡力支付其生產(chǎn)成本，故其農(nóng)業(yè)不是很賺錢，故選A。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“All the ingredients (食材), except the cheese, are grwn n the farm. The cheese is made at a neighbring family farm. Even the sausages are frm pigs raised at Stney Acres.(除了奶酪以外，所有的食材都是在農(nóng)場種植的。奶酪是在鄰近的家庭農(nóng)場制作的。就連香腸都是用斯通尼農(nóng)場養(yǎng)的豬做的。)”和第五段““Our CSA prgram, which has been ur backbne and used t be abut 85% f ur incme, is nw a little bit mre than 50% f ur incme,” Becker says. “In these grwing direct markets, we can have mre cntrl ver the pricing.”(Becker說道：“我們的CSA項目一直都是我們的支柱，過去約占我們收入的85%，現(xiàn)在只占我們收入的50%多一點。在這些不斷增長的直接市場中，我們可以對定價有更多的控制權(quán)?！?”可推知，“農(nóng)場到餐桌”的策略減少了農(nóng)民對CSA項目的依賴，使得農(nóng)民對價格有了更多的控制權(quán)，故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““I had never experienced anything like it befre,” she says. “It gt t the pint where we were cming every week and, then, when we were here that last night the first summer. I felt like
we were ging t lse sme friends fr six mnths.” (她說道：“我以前從來沒有經(jīng)歷過這樣的事情。這已經(jīng)到了我們每周都要來的地步，然后，當我們第一個夏天的最后一個晚上的時候，我感覺我會失去一些朋友六個月。”)”可推知，Sarah Lakewd喜歡的是大家在一起度過的時間，在一起的這種友好的氛圍，分開后就感覺會失去這些朋友，故選D。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Acrss the US, small farmers have been struggling fr years t cver their csts f prductin.(在美國，小農(nóng)場主多年來一直在努力支付生產(chǎn)成本。)”以及后文的介紹可知，本文主要討論了美國小農(nóng)場主面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及一種新的“農(nóng)場到餐桌”的策略如何幫助他們增加收入和社交空間，故這篇文章最可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的農(nóng)業(yè)專欄里，故選B。
（24-25高三上·山西·階段練習(xí)）Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce yur risk f dying frm any cause, the largest analysis t date suggests-althugh the mre yu walk, the greater the health benefits.
The idea that a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is linked t prer health is well-established, but it has been unclear what the ptimal (最佳的) number f steps peple shuld aim fr is, and whether there is an upper limit beynd which further health gains are minimal.
T investigate, researchers led by Maciej Banach, a prfessr f cardilgy (心臟病學(xué)) at the Medical University f Ldz in Pland, drew n data frm 17 previus studies — invlving 226,889 peple, wh were fllwed fr an average seven years — t assess the health impacts f different daily step cunts.
The study, published in the Eurpean Jurnal f Preventive Cardilgy, suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started t reduce the risk f dying frm any cause, while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk f dying frm cardivascular (心血管的) diseases. Abve these cut-ffs, each increase f 1,000 steps a day was assciated with a 15% reductin in the risk f dying frm any cause, while an increase f 500 steps a day was assciated with a 7% reductin in dying frm cardivascular disease.
“Our study cnfirms that the mre yu walk, the better. We fund that this applied t bth men and wmen, regardless f age, and regardless f where yu live,” Banach said. Fr yunger age grups, the sharpest imprvement in health was seen in individuals taking between 7,000 and 13,000 daily steps, while fr thse aged 60 years and ver, it was at between 6,000 t 10,000 steps.
James Leiper, the assciate medical directr at the British Heart Fundatin, said, “This research shws us just hw gd walking is fr ur health. If yu packaged the benefits as a pill, we wuld be praising it as a wnder drug. What’s great abut walking is that it des nt require special equipment r training, and yu can d it almst anywhere.”
1．Why did the researchers d the study?
A．T seek reasns fr cardivascular diseases.
B．T cmpare different ways f keeping healthy.
C．T test whether walking can reduce early death.
D．T find ut the ideal number f steps fr imprved health.
2．Hw did the researchers draw their cnclusins?
A．By cmparing the results.B．By listing sme examples.
C．By surveying the participants.D．By using data frm earlier investigatins.
3．What is James Leiper’s pinin abut walking?
A．It isn’t a wnder drug.B．It des nt require training.
C．It has minimal health benefits.D．It shuld be dne in specific areas.
4．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．The Risks f a Sedentary Lifestyle
B．The Healthy Lifestyle fr All Age Grups
C．The Benefits and Harm Walking Can Bring
D．Walking As Few As 4,000 Steps a Day Can Reduce Risk f Dying
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)每天至少走4000步可以降低死亡風(fēng)險。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The idea that a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle is linked t prer health is well-established, but it has been unclear what the ptimal (最佳的) number f steps peple shuld aim fr is, and whether there is an upper limit beynd which further health gains are minimal.(久坐不動的生活方式與較差的健康狀況有關(guān)的觀點已經(jīng)得到了證實，但人們的最佳步數(shù)應(yīng)該是多少，以及是否存在一個上限，超過這個上限，進一步的健康益處就會微乎其微，這一點一直不清楚)”可知，研究人員做這項研究是為了找出改善健康的理想步數(shù)。故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“T investigate, researchers led by Maciej Banach, a prfessr f cardilgy (心臟病學(xué)) at the Medical University f Ldz in Pland, drew n data frm 17 previus studies — invlving 226,889 peple, wh were fllwed fr an average seven years — t assess the health impacts f different daily step cunts.(為了進行調(diào)查，由波蘭羅茲醫(yī)科大學(xué)心臟病學(xué)教授Maciej Banach領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員利用了先前17項
研究的數(shù)據(jù)——涉及226889人，平均隨訪7年——來評估不同的每日步數(shù)對健康的影響)”可知，研究人員通過使用早期調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論。故選D。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“What’s great abut walking is that it des nt require special equipment r training, and yu can d it almst anywhere.(步行的好處是它不需要特殊的設(shè)備或訓(xùn)練，你幾乎可以在任何地方進行)”可知，詹姆斯·萊珀認為步行不需要訓(xùn)練。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce yur risk f dying frm any cause, the largest analysis t date suggests-althugh the mre yu walk, the greater the health benefits.(一項迄今為止規(guī)模最大的分析表明，即使每天只走4000步，也可能降低你死于任何原因的風(fēng)險——盡管你走得越多，對健康的好處就越大)”結(jié)合本文主要介紹了每天至少走4000步可以降低死亡風(fēng)險。故D選項“每天只走4000步就能降低死亡風(fēng)險”最符合文章標題。故選D。
（24-25高三上·內(nèi)蒙古赤峰·階段練習(xí)）In 1949, a lng- lst- letter frm Albert Einstein t engineer Glyn Davys revealed the famed physicist’s thinking abut the pssibility f animals having super senses. Over 70 years later, his assumptins prved astnishingly accurate.
While Davys’s riginal inquiry has been lst, Einstein’s respnse suggested the engineer’s curisity abut animal perceptin (感知) and its implicatins fr understanding the physical wrld. Einstein wrte, “It is thinkable that the investigatin f the behavir f migratry birds and carrier pigens (信鴿) may sme day lead t the understanding f sme physical prcess which is nt yet knwn.”
Tday, we knw that birds can sense Earth’s magnet?c field (磁場) using special light- sensitive cells in their eyes, allwing them t navigate vast distances withut getting lst. Other animals, such as turtles, dgs and bees, als exhibit remarkable abilities t detect ur planet’s magnetic field.
At the time f the crrespndence, bilgical and physical sciences were beginning t intersect in new ways. Bat echlcatin (回聲定位) had been discvered, and radar technlgy was emerging. Davys, as a researcher in these fields, was attracted by unusual animal senses, such as thse exhibited by bees. Einstein was als fascinated by the ptential f bilgical science t reveal hidden physical frces. In his letter, Einstein acknwledged his familiarity with Karl vn Frisch, wh had discvered that bees navigate using the plarizatin patterns f light. He had even attended ne f Karl vn Frisch’s lectures at Princetn University and met the researcher persnally.
While Davys seemed primarily interested in hw new bilgical insights culd infrm future technlgy, Einstein advcated mre bilgical study. He believed that such research culd just affect the fundatin f physics if it revealed a new type f sensry perceptin r stimuli thrugh animal behavir.
Since then, ur understanding f bee behavir and animal perceptin has advanced significantly, and this knwledge has already helped imprve technlgy, fr example, smartphne cameras. Hwever, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light r sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary acrss species.
1．What des Einstein’s letter indicate?
A．Animal perceptin is irrelevant t physics.B．Carrier pigens are lacking in super senses.
C．Engineers shuld verlk animal behavir.D．Birds may help discver the new physical prcess.
2．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．Davys fund bees’ navigatin mde.
B．Einstein valued the research acrss subjects.
C．Echlcatin was discvered later than radar technlgy.
D．Karl vn Frisch’s wrk was challenged at Princetn University.
3．What was Einstein, mre fcused n accrding t paragraph 5?
A．The reasn fr animals’ super senses.
B．The difference between bilgy and physics.
C．The impact f bilgical research n physics.
D．The applicatin f bilgy in future technlgy.
4．What des the last paragraph cnvey?
A．Bee behavir remains a mystery.
B．Mre research is needed n animal perceptin.
C．Our knwledge abut animals is cmprehensive.
D．The magnetic field helps animals t lcate precisely.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了愛因斯坦寫的一封信，信中探討了動物超感知能力，并討論了科學(xué)家在這一領(lǐng)域探索的進展及其對物理學(xué)和技術(shù)的影響。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“While Davys’s riginal inquiry has been lst, Einstein’s respnse suggested the engineer’s curisity abut animal perceptin (感知) and its implicatins fr understanding the physical wrld. Einstein wrte, “It is thinkable that the investigatin f the behavir f migratry birds and carrier pigens (信鴿)
may sme day lead t the understanding f sme physical prcess which is nt yet knwn.”(雖然戴維斯最初的研究已經(jīng)失傳，但愛因斯坦的回答表明了這位工程師對動物感知的好奇心，以及它對理解物理世界的影響。愛因斯坦寫道：“可以想象，對候鳥和信鴿行為的研究可能有一天會導(dǎo)致對一些尚不知道的物理過程的理解?！?”可知，愛因斯坦的信表明了鳥類可能有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的物理過程。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Einstein was als fascinated by the ptential f bilgical science t reveal hidden physical frces.(愛因斯坦還著迷于生物科學(xué)揭示隱藏的物理力量的潛力)”可知，愛因斯坦對跨學(xué)科研究的重視。故選B。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“While Davys seemed primarily interested in hw new bilgical insights culd infrm future technlgy, Einstein advcated mre bilgical study. He believed that such research culd just affect the fundatin f physics if it revealed a new type f sensry perceptin r stimuli thrugh animal behavir.(戴維斯似乎主要對新的生物學(xué)見解如何影響未來的技術(shù)感興趣，而愛因斯坦則主張進行更多的生物學(xué)研究。他認為，如果這種研究揭示了一種通過動物行為產(chǎn)生的新的感官知覺或刺激，那么它將影響物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ))”可知，愛因斯坦更關(guān)注生物學(xué)研究對物理學(xué)的影響。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Since then, ur understanding f bee behavir and animal perceptin has advanced significantly, and this knwledge has already helped imprve technlgy, fr example, smartphne cameras. Hwever, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light r sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary acrss species.(從那時起，我們對蜜蜂行為和動物感知的理解有了顯著的進步，這些知識已經(jīng)幫助改進了技術(shù)，例如智能手機攝像頭。然而，關(guān)于動物感知光或地球磁場的精確機制仍然是一個謎，因為它可能因物種而異)”可知，最后一段表達了需要對動物的感知進行更多的研究。故選B。
（2024·陜西·一模）Having a glass f wine with dinner every night has been regarded as a relatively harmless way t relax. Hwever, a recent study suggests that there may be n “safe” limit fr alchl and that nt drinking at all is the best way t prtect yur heart.
The researchers examined data frm seven internatinal studies n drinking and high bld pressure, invlving ver 19,000 peple frm the US, Krea and Japan. The participants were asked hw much alchl they drank each day, and this was cmpared with their bld pressure readings ver a fllw-up perid averaging five years.
Bld pressure increased as peple aged, but the mst rapid increases were seen in heavy drinkers, defined as thse wh drank abut three glasses f wine per day. The researchers said they fund that peple drinking at lwer levels als saw a significant increase in bld pressure ver time, cmpared with thse wh were teettal.
There has been fierce debate ver whether mderate (適量的) alchl cnsumptin can be beneficial t
health, with sme studies linking wine and lwer rates f heart disease. Hwever, this new study supprts the idea that even small amunts f alchl can be harmful t the heart.
Marc Vinceti, lead authr f the study and a prfessr at Bstn University, said, “We were smewhat surprised t see that cnsuming an already lw level f alchl was als linked t higher bld pressure changes ver time cmpared with n cnsumptin — althugh far less than the bld pressure increase seen in heavy drinkers. That means mderate alchl cnsumptin isn’t a beneficial chice at all.”
High bld pressure puts a burden n bld vessels, the heart, and ther rgans, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes, and can lead t a number f serius health prblems including heart attacks, strkes and vascular dementia.
Alchl is certainly nt the nly driver f increases in bld pressure. Hwever, the findings cnfirm it cntributes in a meaningful way. Limiting alchl intake is prbably nt enugh — it’s better t avid it.
1．Hw did the researchers arrive at their findings?
A．They analyzed data frm several studies.
B．They tracked 190,000 peple fr ver five years.
C．They made bservatins in a cntrlled lab setting.
D．They carried ut sme experiments natinwide nly.
2．What des the underlined wrd “teettal” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Old.B．Nn-drinking.C．Healthy.D．Addicted.
3．What is paragraph 6 mainly abut?
A．The cause f high bld pressure.B．The harm f high bld pressure.
C．Cmmn serius health prblems.D．The terrible results f heart attacks.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T prve a glass f wine every night is beneficial.
B．T recmmend a relatively harmless way t relax.
C．T urge peple t stay away frm alchl cmpletely.
D．T shw mderate alchl cnsumptin is well received.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使低量飲酒也會導(dǎo)致血壓上升。因此，作者建議完全遠離
酒以保護心臟。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“The researchers examined data frm seven internatinal studies n drinking and high bld pressure, invlving ver 19,000 peple frm the US, Krea and Japan.(研究人員檢查了來自七項關(guān)于飲酒和高血壓的國際研究的數(shù)據(jù)，涉及來自美國、韓國和日本的19000多人)”可知，研究人員是通過分析幾項研究的數(shù)據(jù)得出他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選A項。
2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Bld pressure increased as peple aged, but the mst rapid increases were seen in heavy drinkers, defined as thse wh drank abut three glasses f wine per day(隨著年齡的增長，血壓會升高，但升高最快的是酗酒者，即每天喝三杯左右葡萄酒的人)”可知，喝酒的人血壓會升高。再結(jié)合下文的“cmpared with”可知，所猜句在講不喝酒人的血壓，可推測“teettal”表示不飲酒的。故選B項。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中“High bld pressure puts a burden n bld vessels, the heart, and ther rgans, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes, and can lead t a number f serius health prblems including heart attacks, strkes and vascular dementia.(高血壓會給血管、心臟和其他器官，如大腦、腎臟和眼睛帶來負擔(dān)，并可能導(dǎo)致許多嚴重的健康問題，包括心臟病發(fā)作、中風(fēng)和血管性癡呆)”可知，第六段主要講述了高血壓的危害。故選B項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“Hwever, this new study supprts the idea that even small amunts f alchl can be harmful t the heart.(然而，這項新研究支持了即使少量酒精也可能對心臟有害的觀點)”以及“Alchl is certainly nt the nly driver f increases in bld pressure. Hwever, the findings cnfirm it cntributes in a meaningful way. Limiting alchl intake is prbably nt enugh — it’s better t avid it.(酒精當然不是血壓升高的唯一原因。然而，研究結(jié)果證實，它在很大程度上起了作用。限制酒精攝入可能還不夠 —— 最好完全避免飲酒)”可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是敦促人們完全遠離酒精。故選C項。
（2024·四川成都·一模）One day I typed int ChatGPT all abut my upset feelings and it instantly respnded, ffering a list f practical advice. Nwadays millin pens f peple are already turning t ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治療) chatbts fr cnvenient and inexpensive men al health supprt.
Sme experts say this is a bn. After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment, might be able t express empathy (同理心) mre penly and tirelessly than humans. But thers wrry abut the cnsequences f peple seeking emtinal supprt frm machines that can nly pretend t care. Sme even wnder if the rise f s- called empathetic AI might change the way we interact with ne anther. Indeed, empathy is ne f ur species’ defining qualities, develping as it did in pace with scial interactin.
One recent analysis abut empathy lked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shws that the empathizer must first be able t recgnize hw the ther persn is feeling. They must als be affected by
thse emtins and distinguish themselves and the ther persn, grasping that the ther persn’s feelings aren’t their wn while still being able t imagine the ther persn’s experience.
On the first pint, in recent years, AI- pwered chatbts have made prgress in their ability t read human emtins, mst pwered by large language mdels (LLMs) that wrk by predicting which wrds are mst likely t appear tgether based n training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify ur feelings and respnd apprpriately mst f the time. But when it cmes t the ther criteria, AI still misses the mark in many ways. Empathy is interpersnal, with cntinued feedback helping t perfect the sympathizer’s respnse, which als requires sme degree f intuitive (直覺的) awareness f an individual and their situatin.
All f this helps t explain cnversatins like the nes I had with ChatGPT. At the end f the day, despite talking t multiple chatbts nline, I did what I knew I had t d all alng: I picked up my phne and called a friend.
1．What des the underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Challenge.B．Misunderstanding.C．Trap.D．Blessing.
2．What des the recent analysis shw abut empathy?
A．It starts with identifying emtins.B．It relies n rich imaginatin.
C．It requires clear cmmunicatin.D．It ignres individual difference.
3．What can AI d accrding t paragraph 4?
A．Recgnize ne’s real desire.B．Prvide data- driven respnse..
C．Slve all the emtin puzzles.D．Predict ne’s behavir by intuitin.
4．What des the authr think f ChatGPT?
A．Its develpment shuld be sped up.
B．Its intelligence is winning mre favr.
C．Its applicatin shuld be strictly managed.
D．Its artificial kindness is n match fr humans’.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，主要講述了人們現(xiàn)在越來越傾向于使用ChatGPT和專業(yè)的聊天機器人來獲取方便且低成本的心理支持。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上一段“Nwadays millin pens f peple are already turning t ChatGPT and
specialist therapy (治療) chatbts fr cnvenient and inexpensive menal health supprt. (如今，數(shù)以百萬計的人已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向ChatGPT和專家治療聊天機器人，以獲得方便和廉價的心理健康支持。)”及劃線詞后文“After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment, might be able t express empathy (同理心) mre penly and tirelessly than humans. (畢竟，不受尷尬干擾的人工智能或許能夠比人類更公開、更不知疲倦地表達同理心。)”可知，一些專家說找ChatGPT和聊天機器人聊天是一種福音，因為機器人能更公開、更不知疲倦地表達同理心。劃線詞與Blessing意思相近。故選D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“One recent analysis abut empathy lked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shws that the empathizer must first be able t recgnize hw the ther persn is feeling. They must als be affected by thse emtins and distinguish themselves and the ther persn, grasping that the ther persn’s feelings aren’t their wn while still being able t imagine the ther persn’s experience. (最近一項關(guān)于同理心的分析研究了1980年至2019年發(fā)表的52項研究，這些研究表明，同理心者必須首先能夠識別對方的感受。他們還必須受到這些情緒的影響，并將自己和他人區(qū)分開來，在理解他人的感受不是自己的同時，仍然能夠想象他人的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，最近的分析表明，同理心從識別情緒開始。故選A。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“On the first pint, in recent years, AI- pwered chatbts have made prgress in their ability t read human emtins, mst pwered by large language mdels (LLMs) that wrk by predicting which wrds are mst likely t appear tgether based n training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify ur feelings and respnd apprpriately mst f the time. (關(guān)于第一點，近年來，人工智能驅(qū)動的聊天機器人在閱讀人類情緒的能力方面取得了進展，其中最大的動力是大型語言模型LLMs，該模型通過基于訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測哪些單詞最有可能一起出現(xiàn)。通過這種方式，像ChatGPT這樣的LLMs似乎可以識別我們的感受，并在大多數(shù)時候做出適當?shù)姆磻?yīng)。)”可知，AI能夠提供數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動反饋。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“All f this helps t explain cnversatins like the nes I had with ChatGPT. At the end f the day, despite talking t multiple chatbts nline, I did what I knew I had t d all alng: I picked up my phne and called a friend. (所有這些都有助于解釋我與ChatGPT的對話。在一天結(jié)束的時候，盡管我在網(wǎng)上和多個聊天機器人聊天，我還是做了我知道我一直必須做的事情：我拿起手機給一個朋友打了電話。)”可知，作者還是更依賴人類進行交流，因此，AI人為的善良是無法與人類匹配的。故選D。
（24-25高三上·云南昆明·開學(xué)考試）It has been mre than fifty years since man last set ft n the mn but we’re ging back. In 2023, bth Russia and India launched unmanned prbes (探測器) designed t land n the mn. Unfrtunately, the Russian prbe had an engine misfire n its apprach t the mn and crashed. Althugh Russia has never landed peple n the mn, it has landed unmanned prbes n the mn, althugh the last time
that happened was in 1976.
China was the third cuntry t successfully land an experimental package n the mn and the first t discver strange glass beads (珠) that it estimates culd cntain vast amunts f water. In June 2024, China’s Chang’e-6 spacecraft successfully landed n the far side f the mn, marking the first landing there, and cllected lunar samples t Earth. China has annunced it aims t put its astrnauts n the mn by 2030.
The Americans are als headed fr the mn. They plan t launch a vehicle called Artemis Tw in 2025 with fur astrnauts n bard. The US als hpes t have scientists living n the mn by 2030.
All f this space explratin is dangerus and extremely cstly but there are gd reasns t g back. There is a lt we can learn abut the histry f the Earth by lking carefully at the gelgy (地質(zhì)學(xué)) f the mn. If, in fact, there is water near the mn’s suth-ple, that culd als give us valuable infrmatin abut ur wn rigins. The mn is seen as a stepping-stne twards manned landings n Mars. Manned explratin f the Red Planet is certainly pssible within the Red Planet lifetimes.
It’s fascinating t watch this activity, but dn’t hld yur breath waiting fr Earthlings t visit anther inhabitable (適合居住的) planet, ne that culd supprt us withut the need fr space-suits. The clsest ne f thse is thught t be rbiting anther star mre than fur light-years away, a jurney that wuld take mre than six thusand years and many generatins using current technlgy. Will we get there smeday? Perhaps, and the current space explratin may be baby-steps twards that day.
1．What happened t the 2023 Russian lunar missin?
A．The prbe brke dwn n the way.B．The spacecraft caught fire n the mn.
C．It lasted lnger than the 1976 missin.D．It sent an unmanned prbe t the mn.
2．Which f the fllwing is a recrd created by China’s lunar explratin?
A．Cllecting lunar samples.B．Landing astrnauts n the mn.
C．Launching the first lunar prbe.D．Gaining beads with ptential fr water.
3．Why is the presence f water n the mn imprtant accrding t the authr?
A．It makes further mn-landing pssible.
B．It supprts human activities withut space suits.
C．It may reveal hw humans came int being.
D．It is essential fr finding anther inhabitable planet.
4．What des the authr think f the search fr anther inhabitable planet?
A．It’s a waste f time.B．It’s t far t achieve.
C．It’s mature and fruitful.D．It takes effrts f generatins.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了俄羅斯、中國和美國的月球探索計劃及其成果，同時探討了月球探索的重要性和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Unfrtunately, the Russian prbe had an engine misfire n its apprach t the mn and crashed. (不幸的是，俄羅斯探測器在接近月球時發(fā)動機發(fā)生故障并墜毀)”可知，2023年俄羅斯的月球任務(wù)中，探測器在接近月球時發(fā)生了發(fā)動機故障并墜毀。故選A項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“China was the third cuntry t successfully land an experimental package n the mn and the first t discver strange glass beads (珠) that it estimates culd cntain vast amunts f water. (中國是第三個成功將實驗包著陸在月球上的國家，也是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪玻璃珠的國家，據(jù)估計這些玻璃珠可能含有大量水分)”可知，中國是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)可能含有大量水分的玻璃珠的國家，這是由中國月球探索創(chuàng)造的記錄。故選D項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“If, in fact, there is water near the mn’s suth-ple, that culd als give us valuable infrmatin abut ur wn rigins. (如果月球南極附近確實有水，那么這也可以為我們提供關(guān)于我們自身起源的寶貴信息)”可知，作者認為月球上存在水很重要，因為它可能揭示人類的起源。故選C項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The clsest ne f thse is thught t be rbiting anther star mre than fur light-years away, a jurney that wuld take mre than six thusand years and many generatins using current technlgy. (據(jù)認為，離地球最近的一顆行星正圍繞另一顆恒星運行，距離超過4光年，使用目前的技術(shù)，這段旅程將需要6000多年和許多代人的努力)”可推知，作者認為尋找另一個適合居住的星球需要多代人的努力。故選D項。
（24-25高三上·云南昆明·開學(xué)考試）The besity (肥胖) rate in the United States is nw ver 40 percent, and ther cuntries are dealing with the prblem as well. In fact, research has linked the prblem f besity with heart disease, mental cnditins and even sme cancers. S it’s n wnder that almst any discussin n health includes the tpic f weight cntrl.
Accrding t healthcare prfessinals, eating a healthy diet and practicing weight cntrl significantly reduces the risk f serius health prblems. Hwever, cuntless false claims and misinfrmatin abut weight lss fail t address the besity issues. Methds prmising quick weight lss aren’t healthy. Frtunately, trusted health specialists prvide peple with healthy ways t maintain a prper weight. They nted that healthy diets rich in
nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly tp the list, but eating healthily isn’t the whle stry.
Anther essential aspect f weight cntrl is exercise. Peple wh exercise nt nly burn calries but als build muscle. Yu dn’t have t spend hurs at the gym t make that happen. Activities like walking, biking r swimming can make a difference in yur weight and verall health. Just exercise cnsistently s it becmes a habit.
In additin t a healthy diet and exercise, it’s essential t make lifestyle changes that supprt weight cntrl. One significant lifestyle factr that cntributes t weight gain is stress. Stress causes the bdy t release hrmnes (激素) that can lead t vereating. Therefre, finding healthy ways t manage stress can be beneficial as they help yu maintain a healthy weight. Fr example, simple breathing exercises and mrning stretches help regulate anxiety and depressin. Regular exercise helps manage stress, t.
Anther factr that cntributes t weight gain is lack f sleep. Sleep is essential, and studies have shwn that an insufficient amunt f sleep can cntribute t weight gain. Aim fr at least seven t eight hurs f sleep each night t help yur bdy maintain a healthy weight.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The effects f verweight.B．The necessity f weight cntrl.
C．The besity rate in the USA．D．The effrts t deal with besity.
2．Which f the fllwing is a view f the health experts?
A．Quick weight lss increases the risk f serius diseases.
B．Eating healthily alne will nt address the issue f besity.
C．False infrmatin abut weight lss can rarely be identified.
D．Nutrients, vitamins and minerals guarantee effective weight lss.
3．What can we learn abut excising fr weight cntrl?
A．Seeking prfessinal guidance is a must.B．Excising at a gym desn’t pay ff.
C．Burning calries utweighs building muscle.D．Infrmal wrkut dne regularly matters.
4．Why des stress cntribute t weight gain?
A．It fuels ur appetites.B．It changes ur lifestyles.
C．It weakens sleep quality.D．It prevents daily exercise.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章論述過度肥胖的危害及控制體重的幾點建議。
1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The besity (肥胖) rate in the United States is nw ver 40 percent, and ther cuntries are dealing with the prblem as well. In fact, research has linked the prblem f besity with heart disease, mental cnditins and even sme cancers. S it's n wnder that almst any discussin n health includes the tpic f weight cntrl. (美國的肥胖率現(xiàn)在超過了40%，其他國家也在處理這個問題。事實上，研究已經(jīng)將肥胖問題與心臟病、精神疾病甚至某些癌癥聯(lián)系起來。因此，幾乎所有關(guān)于健康的討論都包含體重控制的話題也就不足為奇了。)”可知幾乎所有關(guān)于健康的討論都包含體重控制的話題，所以本段講述的是控制體重的必要性。故選B。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Frtunately, trusted health specialists prvide peple with healthy ways t maintain a prper weight. They nted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly tp the list, but eating healthily isn't the whle stry. (幸運的是，值得信賴的健康專家為人們提供了保持適當體重的健康方法。他們指出，富含營養(yǎng)、維生素和礦物質(zhì)的健康飲食當然是最重要的，但健康飲食并不是全部。)”可知健康專家會認為單靠健康飲食并不能解決肥胖問題。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Yu dn’t have t spend hurs at the gym t make that happen. Activities like walking, biking r swimming can make a difference in yur weight and verall health. Just exercise cnsistently s it becmes a habit. (你不需要花幾個小時在健身房鍛煉。像散步、騎自行車或游泳這樣的活動可以改變你的體重和整體健康。只要堅持鍛煉，讓它成為一種習(xí)慣。)”可知，要控制體重沒有必要非得去健身房正式地鍛煉，像走路、騎車或游泳等鍛煉，只要養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，對體重控制和整體健康起到作用，故推知定期進行非正式鍛煉很重要。故選D。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“One significant lifestyle factr that cntributes t weight gain is stress. Stress causes the bdy t release hrmnes (激素) that can lead t vereating. (導(dǎo)致體重增加的一個重要生活方式因素是壓力。壓力會導(dǎo)致身體釋放激素，導(dǎo)致暴飲暴食。)” 可知，壓力使身體產(chǎn)生一種導(dǎo)致過度飲食的激素。故選A。
（24-25高三上·山西運城·開學(xué)考試）It’s the start f a new era f AI at Ggle, says CEO Sundar Pichai: the Gemini era. Gemini is Ggle’s latest large language mdel, which Pichai first mentined at the I/O develper cnference in June and is nw releasing t the public. This significant advance in AI will ultimately impact almst all f Ggle’s prducts.
Gemini is mre than a single AI mdel. There’s a lighter versin called Gemini Nan meant fr ffline Andrid devices, a mre pwerful versin called Gemini Pr that will pwer many Ggle AI services, and an even mre capable mdel called Gemini Ultra — the mst pwerful LLM (大語言模型) Ggle has yet created. It
seems t be mstly designed fr data centers and enterprise applicatins.
OpenAI launched ChatGPT in 2022. Nw Ggle is ready t fight back. “We’ve dne a very thrugh analysis f the systems side by side,” says CEO Sundar Pichai. Ggle ran 32 well- established criteria cmparing the tw mdels, frm verall tests t the Pythn cde generatin. “I think we’re substantially (大量地) ahead n 30 ut f 32 f thse criteria.” he adds.
Gemini’s clearest advantage cmes frm its ability t understand and interact with vide and audi. This was by design: multi- mdality has been part f the plan frm the beginning. Ggle built ne multi- sensry mdel frm the beginning, unlike OpenAI’s separate mdels fr images and vice.
Right nw, Gemini’s mst basic mdels are text- based , but mre advanced mdels like Gemini Ultra can wrk with images, vide, and audi. “Over time,” Ggle DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis says, “Gemini will gain mre senses, becme mre aware, accurate, and grunded. These mdels just srt f understand better abut the wrld arund them.” These mdels still have ther prblems, but Hassabis says they will imprve as they learn mre.
1．What is Gemini accrding t the text?
A．A new language mdel in develpment.
B．A light AI mdel designed fr ffline use.
C．A new language mdel develped by Ggle.
D．A light AI mdel created fr specific enterprise applicatins.
2．What des Gemini Nan specialize in?
A．Generating Pythn cde.
B．Running n ffline Andrid devices.
C．Pwering Ggle AI services.
D．Training separate mdels fr images and vice.
3．What is a key advantage f Gemini ver OpenAI’s ChatGPT?
A．The ability t write Pyth n cde.
B．The ability t wrk with vide and audi.
C．The understanding and interactin with textual data.
D．The ability t create separate mdels fr images and vice.
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Ggle will bring the mst advanced mdels.
B．Gemini mdels utperfrm OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
C．Ggle will still wrk n the perfectin f Gemini mdels.
D．Gemini mdels are launched withut even a slight imperfectin.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了谷歌最新的大型語言模型Gemini，這是谷歌人工智能新時代的開始。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Gemini is Ggle’s latest large language mdel”（Gemini是谷歌最新的大型語言模型）可知，Gemini 是由 Ggle 開發(fā)的新語言模型，故答案是 C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“There’s a lighter versin called Gemini Nan meant fr ffline Andrid devices,”（有一款名為Gemini Nan的輕量級版本，適用于離線安卓設(shè)備）可知，Gemini Nan 專門用于離線安卓設(shè)備，故答案是 B。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Gemini’s clearest advantage cmes frm its ability t understand and interact with vide and audi”（Gemini最明顯的優(yōu)勢來自于他們理解視頻和音頻的能力。）表明，Gemini 相比于 ChatGPT 的明顯優(yōu)勢在于能夠理解和交互視頻及音頻，故答案是 B。
4．推理判斷題。最后一段提到“but Hassabis says they will imprve as they learn mre”（但哈薩比斯表示，隨著他們學(xué)到更多，他們會進步的）可知，Ggle 還將繼續(xù)完善 Gemini 模型，故答案是 C。
（24-25高三上·四川內(nèi)江·開學(xué)考試）The streets, sidewalks and rfs f cities all absrb heat during the day, making sme urban areas acrss the United States up t 6 degrees Fahrenheit htter than rural nes during the day - and 22 degrees F htter at night. These “urban heat islands” can als develp undergrund as the city heat spreads dwnward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and ther undergrund infrastructure als cnstantly bleed heat int the surrunding earth, creating htspts. Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms.
Accrding t a new study f dwntwn Chicag, undergrund htspts may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the grund arund them expand and cntract (收縮) enugh t cause ptential damage. “Withut anyne realizing it, the city f Chicag’s dwntwn was defrming,” says the study’s authr Alessandr F. Rtta Lria, a civil and envirnmental engineer at Nrthwestern University.
The findings, published in Cmmunicatins Engineering, expse a “silent hazard (危險)” t civil infrastructure in cities with sfter grund - especially thse near water - Rtta Lria says. “There might have been
structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.
Similar t climate change abve the surface, these undergrund changes ccur ver lng perids f time. “These effects tk decades, a century, t develp,” Rtta Lria says, adding that elevated undergrund temperatures wuld likewise take a lng time t dissipate (逐漸消失) n their wn.
But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.
1．What can we learn abut the “urban heat islands”?
A．They can develp undergrund structures.B．They are impacted by glbal warming.
C．They can destry the grund arund.D．They nly exist in the United States.
2．Why des Alessandr F. Rtta Lria mentin “silent hazard” in paragraph 3?
A．T discuss structural issues. B．T categrize climate change.
C．T explain undergrund heat. D．T emphasize the neglected reality.
3．What will the authr prbably write abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A．The future f tunnels and basements.B．The reusing appraches f heat energy.
C．The cst f maintaining structures.D．The evlutin f undergrund envirnment.
4．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Undergrund climate change is a silent danger.
B．Humans fail t ntice the dramatic climate change.
C．Cling the surface helps cntrl urban heat rises.
D．Researching undergrund heat helps save n energy csts.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地下氣候變暖對城市地面建筑的負面影響的隱蔽性與長期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案.
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“These “urban heat islands” can als develp undergrund as the city heat spreads
dwnward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and ther undergrund infrastructure als cnstantly bleed heat int the surrunding earth, creating htspts. Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms.(這些“城市熱島”也會在地下形成，因為城市的熱量會向下傳播，到達地表以下。而且，地下室、地鐵隧道和其他地下設(shè)施也會不斷向周圍的土壤散發(fā)熱量，從而形成熱點區(qū)域?，F(xiàn)在，隨著地球變暖，地下熱量也在不斷積聚。)”可知，“城市熱島”是受到全球氣候變暖的影響。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 Alessandr F. Rtta Lria所說的“There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize(發(fā)生的這種地下氣候變化可能已經(jīng)造成了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題，我們甚至沒有意識到)”以及最后一句話“While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.(雖然這不是對人類生命的立即或直接威脅，但這種以前未知的影響突顯了氣候變化中一個鮮為人知的組成部分的影響)”可推知，提出“無聲的危險”是想強調(diào)地下氣候變暖這一被人忽略的事實。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.(但其他在接受采訪的研究人員都表示，這種浪費的能源也可以被回收利用，這不僅提供了冷卻地下空間的機會，還能節(jié)省能源成本?？梢酝ㄟ^更新技術(shù)來重新捕獲地鐵隧道和地下室的熱量。例如，可以安裝水管穿過地下熱點區(qū)域，以吸收部分熱能)”可知，該段是介紹針對地下氣候變暖提出了潛在的解決方案，即可以通過更新地鐵隧道和地下室的相關(guān)技術(shù)來回收利用熱能，并舉例了可通過安裝水管這種方法來獲取熱能。由此推知，接下來應(yīng)該是介紹對這種熱能的再使用方法。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及第二段中“Withut anyne realizing it, the city f Chicag’s dwntwn was defrming(在無人察覺的情況下，芝加哥市中心發(fā)生了變形)”和第三段中““There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.(“可能會有由于這種地下氣候變化導(dǎo)致的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題出現(xiàn)，而我們甚至沒有意識到，”他補充道。雖然這對人類生命沒有立即或直接的危險，但這一此前未知的影響突顯了氣候變化中一個較少為人知的組成部分所帶來的影響)”可知，整篇文章都在圍繞地下熱島效應(yīng)及其對城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的影響展開，特別是強調(diào)了這種地下氣候變化帶來的隱患。因此，作者想傳達的主要信息是地下氣候變化是一種無聲的危險。故選A。
（2024·四川巴中·一模）Artificial cmpunds fund in things like fd packaging can be a risk t ur
health. We can clean them up, but wh will pay the vast bill?
Yu are prbably aware f the term “frever chemicals”, if nt entirely clear n the specifics. What they are is a class f arund 16,000 artificial cmpunds called PFAS that break dwn very slwly, in the envirnment and ur bdies. They are extremely useful, but als a ptential hazard t wildlife and human health. After mre than 80 years f widespread and ften unlimited use, PFAS pllutin is mre r less everywhere, frm the sil n ur farms t the rain that waters them. In all likelihd, yu have a detectable amunt f these chemicals in yur bdy.
A grwing bdy f research has linked cntact with sme types f PFAS t harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune disrder and certain types f cancer. Just a few parts per trillin f sme frms accumulated ver time is enugh t be damaging. Mrever, cntact is mre r less unavidable.
Hw did we let it cme t this? T sme extent, sciety is facing the cnsequences f releasing many new chemicals withut prper safety testing. That has t change, and nt just fr PFAS. Time and again we find, t late, that industrial chemicals are harmful — as nw seems the case with thse in sme climbing shes — Indr climbing wall users may be breathing in txic rubber dust — while allwing the firms that make them t carry n business as usual.
There is nthing illegal in that. Nnetheless, the PFAS industry has been highly irrespnsible. There is gd evidence that sme prducers have knwn fr decades that the chemicals culd be harmful, but intentinally cnfused that knwledge.
As the science f PFAS advances, there is ptimism that they can be replaced, as well as runded up frm the envirnment and destryed. But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasnable t ask the firms that invented and prfited frm these prducts t pay at least part f it.
1．What des the underlined wrd “hazard” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．threatB．benefitC．safetyD．effect
2．Why des the authr mentin “climbing shes” in paragraph 4?
A．T criticize pr she quality.B．T highlight climbing ppularity.
C．T argue safety f climbing shes.D．T shw harm f untested chemicals.
3．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A．PFAS will be remved thrugh science.
B．PFAS cleanup will be cmplex t manage.
C．Science culd eventually make PFAS harmless.
D．Cmpanies shuld help cver cleanup expenses.
4．What’s the writing purpse f the passage?
A．T prmte the use f PFAS.B．T seek slutins f PFAS risks.
C．T discuss new industrial chemicals.D．T explain the influence f PFAS.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了PFAS的不良影響，目的是尋求PFAS風(fēng)險的解決方案。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“After mre than 80 years f widespread and ften unlimited use, PFAS pllutin is mre r less everywhere, frm the sil n ur farms t the rain that waters them. In all likelihd, yu have a detectable amunt f these chemicals in yur bdy.(經(jīng)過80多年的廣泛使用和經(jīng)常無限制的使用，PFAS污染或多或少無處不在，從我們農(nóng)場的土壤到澆灌它們的雨水。很有可能，你的身體里有可檢測到的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，PFAS污染或多或少無處不在，所以也對野生動物和人類健康構(gòu)成潛在威脅。所以劃線詞的意思是“威脅”。故選A項。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“T sme extent, sciety is facing the cnsequences f releasing many new chemicals withut prper safety testing. That has t change, and nt just fr PFAS. Time and again we find, t late, that industrial chemicals are harmful — as nw seems the case with thse in sme climbing shes — Indr climbing wall users may be breathing in txic rubber dust — while allwing the firms that make them t carry n business as usual.(在某種程度上，社會正面臨著未經(jīng)適當安全測試就釋放許多新化學(xué)品的后果。這種情況必須改變，而且不僅僅是針對PFAS。一次又一次，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化學(xué)物質(zhì)是有害的，但為時已晚——就像現(xiàn)在一些攀巖鞋里的化學(xué)物質(zhì)一樣——室內(nèi)攀巖墻的使用者可能會吸入有毒的橡膠粉塵——同時允許制造它們的公司照常營業(yè))”可知，提到“climbing shes”是為了說明未經(jīng)測試的化學(xué)品的危害。故選D項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasnable t ask the firms that invented and prfited frm these prducts t pay at least part f it.(但賬單將是巨大的。要求發(fā)明這些產(chǎn)品并從中獲利的公司至少支付部分費用并不是不合理的)”可知，作者認為獲利的公司應(yīng)該幫助支付清理費用。故選D項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“A grwing bdy f research has linked cntact with sme types f PFAS t harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune disrder and certain types f cancer. Just a few parts per trillin f sme frms accumulated ver time is enugh t be damaging. Mrever, cntact is mre r less unavidable.(越來越多的研究表明，接觸某些類型的PFAS會產(chǎn)生有害影響，如腎病、免疫紊亂和某些類型的癌癥。隨著時間的推移，只要萬億分之一的某些形式累積起來就足以造成破壞。此外，接觸或多或少是不可避免的)”以及最
后一段“As the science f PFAS advances, there is ptimism that they can be replaced, as well as runded up frm the envirnment and destryed. But the bill will be vast. It isn’t unreasnable t ask the firms that invented and prfited frm these prducts t pay at least part f it.(隨著PFAS科學(xué)的進步，人們樂觀地認為它們可以被取代，也可以從環(huán)境中被圍捕和破壞。但賬單將是巨大的。要求發(fā)明這些產(chǎn)品并從中獲利的公司至少支付部分費用并不是不合理的)”可知，短文介紹了PFAS的不良影響，目的是尋求PFAS風(fēng)險的解決方案。故選B項。
（2024·云南玉溪·一模）Cmfrt fd makes a persn feel gd. Fd high in sugar r fat tends t imprve mds by stimulating the brain’s reward system. S it makes sense that many f us may turn t fd fr cmfrt in times f stress. There’s sme fascinating research that examines fd as a surce f cmfrt. Hwever, the mst interesting thing abut this research may be that fds are far less cmfrting than we tend t believe they are.
Traci Mann, a prfessr f psychlgy, and clleagues cnducted a series f study with cllege students. The researchers examined hw much cmfrt fds actually imprve mds. They prvided students with ne f the three fds that they had indicated were their tp, persnal cmfrt fds. After prducing a negative md by having them watch mvie clips designed t increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers ffered the students their cmfrt fd.
They had t assess (評估) hw they felt befre and after they were suppsedly cmfrted by ice cream, pizza r whatever they had indicated they typically ate t feel better. All f the students cmpleted the study n tw separate ccasins: nce when they were able t eat their cmfrt fd and nce when they were able t eat anther fd they liked, but they wuldn’t call it a cmfrt fd. The researchers fund that cmfrt fd did imprve students’ mds — but nly by a little bit and nt mre than the ther fd they liked.
In anther study, cmfrt fd was cmpared t n fd at all, and students’ mds seemed t imprve even when they didn’t eat anything — mst likely just due t the passage f time.
The take-hme message frm the studies? While the cmfrt fd may make the persn feel better fr the time being, it des little t address emtinal prblems. Of curse, everyne can indulge (縱情) in a cmfrt fd frm time t time, but verall, aim fr these instances t be the exceptin rather than the rule.
1．Which aspect f cmfrt fd d Traci Mann’s studies fcus n?
A．The means by which it affects mds.B．Its rle in reducing negativity.
C．The extent t which it lifts mds.D．Its impact n physical health.
2．Hw were the studies carried ut?
A．By cmparing students’ feelings n different ccasins.
B．By bserving students’ different reactins t fds.
C．By analyzing questinnaires abut cmfrt fds.
D．By cllecting data abut peple frm all walks f life.
3．What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A．T explain a rule.B．T intrduce a cncept.
C．T present a fact.D．T make a suggestin.
4．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Feeling Negative? Try Cmfrt FdB．Cmfrt Fd May Nt Wrk Wnders
C．The Science Behind Cmfrt FdD．Cmfrt Fd Tends t Be Unhealthy
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹Traci Mann教授和她的同事們關(guān)于安慰食物對改善情緒的影響的一系列研究，并給出了建議：可以對安慰食物偶爾放縱一下，但不應(yīng)該依賴它來解決情緒問題。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Traci Mann, a prfessr f psychlgy, and clleagues cnducted a series f study with cllege students. The researchers examined hw much cmfrt fds actually imprve mds.”（心理學(xué)教授特蕾西·曼恩(Traci Mann)及其同事對大學(xué)生進行了一系列研究。研究人員調(diào)查了有多少安慰食物能真正改善情緒。）可知，Traci Mann的研究集中在安慰食物提升情緒的程度方面。故選C。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“They had t assess (評估) hw they felt befre and after they were suppsedly cmfrted by ice cream, pizza r whatever they had indicated they typically ate t feel better.”（他們必須評估他們在吃了冰淇淋、披薩或任何他們認為能讓他們感覺更好的東西之后的感覺。）可推知，研究是通過比較學(xué)生在不同場合的感受開展的。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中作者提到的“While the cmfrt fd may make the persn feel better fr the time being, it des little t address emtinal prblems.”（雖然安慰食物可能會讓人暫時感覺好一些，但它對解決情緒問題幾乎沒有作用）推知，作者認為不能過度依賴安慰食物來解決情緒問題。故選D。
4．主旨大意題。這篇文章介紹Traci Mann教授和始的同事們關(guān)于安慰食物對改善情緒的影響的一系列研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然安慰食物可以略微提升情緒，但它并不比人們喜歡的其他食物更有效。另一項研究表明。即使不吃任何食物，情緒也會隨著時間的推移而改善。由此可知，這篇文章主要告訴讀者：安慰食物不一定就能帶來安慰。故文章最適合的標題是“安慰食物可能不會產(chǎn)生奇跡”。故選B。
（24-25高三上·四川雅安·開學(xué)考試）An artificial intelligence (AI) tl f street view culd be used t
predict the risk f crnary heart disease — a cnditin where the heart’s arteries (動脈) are blcked, limiting bld flw t the heart by analysing neighburhd envirnments, accrding t research.
A study, published in the Eurpean Heart Jurnal, mnitred everyday surrundings, including the quality f rads, buildings, and green spaces, and the rle they play in determining heart health. Researchers were able t track the link between these envirnmental elements, including the presence r absence f pllutin, and the risk f crnary heart disease. They fund that these neighburhd characteristics culd accunt fr 63% f the differences in heart disease risk frm ne cmmunity t anther.
The discvery stems frm analysing mre than half a millin AI street view images acrss US cities, using cmputer visin t identify and interpret details that might g unnticed by the human eye. The data prvides urban planners and public health fficials with infrmatin t design healthier living spaces and neighburhds.
“Undubtedly, there is a vast amunt f scial, ecnmic and envirnmental data set,” said ne f the study's authrs, Prf Sanjay Rajagpalan. “Hwever, there still remain significant gap s in ur knwledge regarding unique envirnmental aspects f data that are currently beynd human cmprehensin. This is where the use f cmputer visin appraches may enable unique understanding f the physical and built envirnment.”
By emplying AI, researchers have been able t examine the details f neighburhds’ envirnment. The study emplyed cmputer visin technlgy, including applicatins used in medical imaging and autnmus driving, t identify details and then interpret them t make predictins r decisins.
“We are getting t a place in human civilizatin where traditinal appraches that have been used are rather limited and the use f AI t enhance human understanding is ging t be critically imprtant at slving cmplex prblems,” Prf Rajagpalan said.
1．What is the finding f the study?
A．Hw peple can prevent heart diseases.B．Hw envirnments affect heart health.
C．Hw AI can reduce heart disease risks.D．Hw the heart's arteries are blcked.
2．What can the finding f the study help t d?
A．Prmte cmputer technlgy.B．Reduce air and water pllutin.
C．Design green neighburhds.D．Advertise fr an AI cmpany.
3．Why was cmputer visin used in the study?
A．The researchers had n envirnmental data.B．It had slved sme envirnmental prblems.
C．Peple ignred the envirnment they live in.D．It helped peple understand the envirnment.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The develpment f AI fr hspitalsB．The medical use f a street view tl
C．The insight int healthy neighburhdsD．The link between the heart and envirnment
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了利用人工智能街景工具分析社區(qū)環(huán)境，預(yù)測冠心病風(fēng)險的研究，揭示了環(huán)境因素對心臟病風(fēng)險的影響，并強調(diào)AI在解決復(fù)雜問題中的重要作用。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Researchers were able t track the link between these envirnmental elements, including the presence r absence f pllutin, and the risk f crnary heart disease. (研究人員能夠追蹤這些環(huán)境因素（包括是否存在污染）與冠心病風(fēng)險之間的聯(lián)系。)”可知，該研究能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境因素，如道路、建筑、綠地等的質(zhì)量以及污染的存在與否，是如何影響心臟健康的，即環(huán)境如何影響心臟健康。故選B項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“The data prvides urban planners and public health fficials with infrmatin t design healthier living spaces and neighburhds. (這些數(shù)據(jù)為城市規(guī)劃者和公共衛(wèi)生官員提供了設(shè)計更健康的生活空間和社區(qū)的信息。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助創(chuàng)建更多綠色和健康的社區(qū)環(huán)境。故選C項。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“This is where the use f cmputer visin appraches may enable unique understanding f the physical and built envirnment. (這就是使用計算機視覺方法可以對物理和建筑環(huán)境進行獨特理解的地方。)”可知，計算機視覺方法的使用可以使人們對物理環(huán)境和建筑環(huán)境有獨特的理解。故選D項。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“An artificial intelligence (AI) tl f street view culd be used t predict the risk f crnary heart disease—a cnditin where the heart’s arteries (動脈) are blcked, limiting bld flw t the heart by analysing neighburhd envirnments, accrding t research. (根據(jù)研究，街道視圖的人工智能（AI）工具可用于預(yù)測冠心病的風(fēng)險，冠心病是一種心臟動脈阻塞的疾病，通過分析鄰近環(huán)境來限制流向心臟的血流。)”可知，文章主要講述了利用街景人工智能工具預(yù)測冠心病風(fēng)險的研究，并強調(diào)了這種工具在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用。故選B項。
（24-25高三上·四川成都·開學(xué)考試）A new study by an internatinal team f experts highlights hw glbal methane (甲烷) emissins have been rising rapidly since 2006, particularly since 2020, a trend that’s expected t cntinue unless we d smething very significant very sn. The study authrs have then utlined sme strategies cuntries can use t take actin, and develped an nline tl t help with this.
This cntinual climb in methane emissins is largely due t the cntinued use f fssil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner ptins, the researchers say. It’s directly prduced by il, gas, and cal drilling and prcessing. The increasing release f methane frm natural wetlands, caused by a htter climate, is nw als cntributing. Methane is prduced by rubbish sites, thawing permafrst, and animals t. The researchers, led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell f Duke University in the US, suggest these are minr cntributrs at the mment — althugh nes that als need t be clsely watched.
“Wrldwide effrts t limit climate change are rightly fcused n carbn dixide (CO2), the primary driver,” writes the team in their published paper.
“Hwever, since humanity has failed t prperly address climate change fr several decades, keeping warming belw agreed gals nw requires that we address all majr climate pllutants.”
There is currently much less methane in ur atmsphere than carbn dixide (CO2), but methane is a strnger greenhuse gas.
We knw that methane is a majr cntributr t the warming f the wrld, trapping heat like CO2 des. It als cntributes t the frmatin f zne (臭氧) at grund level, increasing the risk f death thrugh respiratry illnesses and cardivascular diseases.
“Rapid reductins in methane emissins this decade are essential t slwing warming in the near future, limiting versht by the middle f the century and keeping lw-warming carbn budgets within reach,” write the researchers.
Warnings frm scientists abut the state f Earth’s climate path are nw reaching a deafening level. Humanity shuld pay clse attentin t thse warnings and take actin.
1．What d we knw abut methane emissins?
A．They are currently a minr cncern.
B．They have been ging up since 2006.
C．They have decreased steadily since 2020.
D．They are mainly caused by cleaner ptins.
2．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The cntinued use f methane emissins.
B．Strategies fr reducing methane emissins.
C．The impact f methane emissins n human health.
D．The cntributins f surces t methane emissins.
3．Why is reducing methane emissins cnsidered urgent?
A．Methane lessens the amunt f zne.
B．Methane limits climate change effectively.
C．Methane prmtes glbal warming greatly.
D．Methane keeps lw-warming carbn budgets.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T call n peple t handle methane emissins.
B．T intrduce the histry f methane emissins.
C．T highlight the dangers f methane frmatin.
D．T advcate fr the increased use f fssil fuels.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于全球甲烷排放的新研究，強調(diào)了甲烷排放量的快速增長及其對環(huán)境的影響，并呼吁人們采取行動。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“A new study by an internatinal team f experts highlights hw glbal methane (甲烷) emissins have been rising rapidly since 2006, particularly since 2020, a trend that’s expected t cntinue unless we d smething very significant very sn.(一個國際專家小組的一項新研究強調(diào)，自2006年以來，特別是自2020年以來，全球甲烷排放量迅速上升，除非我們很快采取一些非常重要的措施，否則這一趨勢預(yù)計將持續(xù)下去。)”可知，甲烷排放量自2006年以來一直在上升。故選B項。
2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“This cntinual climb in methane emissins is largely due t the cntinued use f fssil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner ptins, the researchers say. It’s directly prduced by il, gas, and cal drilling and prcessing. The increasing release f methane frm natural wetlands, caused by a htter climate, is nw als cntributing. Methane is prduced by rubbish sites, thawing permafrst, and animals t. The researchers, led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell f Duke University in the US, suggest these are minr cntributrs at the mment — althugh nes that als need t be clsely watched.(研究人員說，甲烷排放量的持續(xù)攀升在很大程度上是由于化石燃料的持續(xù)使用，而不是更清潔的選擇。它是由石油、天然氣和煤炭鉆探和加工直接產(chǎn)生的。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致的自然濕地甲烷釋放增加，現(xiàn)在也是原因之一。甲烷是由垃圾場、融化的永久凍土和動物產(chǎn)生的。由美國杜克大學(xué)物理學(xué)家和氣候?qū)＜业卖敗ば恋聽栴I(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員認為，目前這些都是次要因素——盡管也需要密切關(guān)注。)”可知，本段主要介紹了甲烷排放的來源：持續(xù)使用化石
燃料；石油、天然氣和煤炭的鉆探和加工；氣候變暖；垃圾場所、融化的永久凍土和動物等。故選D項。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“We knw that methane is a majr cntributr t the warming f the wrld, trapping heat like CO2 des.(我們知道甲烷是全球變暖的主要原因，它像二氧化碳一樣吸收熱量)”可知，甲烷極大地推動了全球變暖，所以減少甲烷排放具有緊迫性。故選C項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中作者引用研究人員的話“Rapid reductins in methane emissins this decade are essential t slwing warming in the near future, limiting versht by the middle f the century and keeping lw-warming carbn budgets within reach (本世紀二十年代甲烷排放量的快速減少對于在不久的將來減緩氣候變暖、在本世紀中葉限制溫度超調(diào)以及使低升溫碳預(yù)算觸手可及至關(guān)重要)”和最后一段“Warnings frm scientists abut the state f Earth’s climate path are nw reaching a deafening level. Humanity shuld pay clse attentin t thse warnings and take actin.(科學(xué)家們對地球氣候變化軌跡的警告現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達到了震耳欲聾的程度。人類應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注這些警告并采取行動)”可知，作者強調(diào)了減少甲烷排放量的必要性，其目的是呼吁人們處理甲烷排放問題。故選A項。
（24-25高三上·河南焦作·開學(xué)考試）“Why birds sing is relatively well-understd,” says Ins Adam, a behaviral scientist at the University f Suthern Denmark. The big questin fr her was: Why d birds sing s frequently?
Previus research suggests that cnstant singing uses a lt f energy and expses birds t thers, making them vulnerable by revealing their lcatin and territry, which is highly dangerus. Hwever, in a new study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins, Adam and her clleagues ffer a new explanatin fr this risky behavir. They suggest that sngbirds may need t exercise their vcal (發(fā)聲的) muscles t maintain tp perfrmance in their sngs.
These findings may als be relevant t human vices. Adam pints ut that if we apply these bird results t humans, any perid f nt speaking might lead t a lss in vcal perfrmance. This insight suggests that sngbirds culd ne day help us imprve hw we train and restre ur wn vices.
Adam assumed the muscles that prduce birdsng required daily exercise, s she designed an experiment n zebra finches — small Australian sngbirds. Light is what attracts the birds t sing, s she prevented them frm singing fr a week by keeping them in the dark almst arund the clck. The nly exceptins were a few half-hur perids each day when the lights were turned n s the birds culd eat and drink.
After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lst half their strength. Adam then tested whether this muscle lss affected the quality f the birds’ sngs. Althugh she culdn’t hear any difference when cmparing a male’s sng befre and after the perid f darkness, a grup f female birds shwed a clear preference: six ut f nine
preferred the sng frm a male wh had been exercising his singing muscles daily.
“This study highlights that achieving mastery in any skill requires a lt f practice,” says Ana Amadr, a scientist at the University f Buens Aires wh was nt invlved in the research.
1．Which f the fllwing best explains “vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Rarely fund.B．Easily targeted.
C．Directly pisned.D．Actively defended.
2．Why are human vices mentined in the text?
A．T illustrate Adam’s idea by cmparisn.
B．T assess Adam’s previus wrk accurately.
C．T shw the significance f studying birdsng.
D．T stress the distinctin between human vices and birdsng.
3．What is the basis fr Adam’s experiment?
A．Birds need little practice fr better singing.
B．Light is a cntributry factr in birds’ singing.
C．Weakening muscles result in less attractive sngs.
D．Male birds prduce sngs t attract female birds.
4．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Singing Invites Truble t Birds
B．Sngbirds Help Restre Human Vices
C．Vcal Muscles: the Secret f Birds’ Singing
D．Daily Singing: Essential fr Birds’ Vcal Muscle Fitness
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家對鳥類為何頻繁歌唱的新解釋，即通過鍛煉發(fā)聲肌肉來保持歌唱的最佳表現(xiàn)。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Previus research suggests that cnstant singing uses a lt f energy and expses birds t thers(先前的研究表明，不斷的歌唱會消耗大量的能量，并將鳥類暴露在其他動物面前)”可知，鳥類不斷的歌唱會將鳥類暴露在其他動物面前，這讓鳥類成為容易攻擊的目標，所以推知vulnerable意為“容易成為目標的”，和B項意思相近。故選B項。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“These findings may als be relevant t human vices. Adam pints ut that if we apply these bird results t humans, any perid f nt speaking might lead t a lss in vcal perfrmance. This insight suggests that sngbirds culd ne day help us imprve hw we train and restre ur wn vices.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)也可能與人類的聲音有關(guān)。亞當指出，如果我們將這些鳥類的結(jié)果應(yīng)用于人類，任何不說話的時期都可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)聲能力的下降。這一見解表明，有一天鳴鳥會幫助我們改進自己的聲音訓(xùn)練和恢復(fù)方法)”可知，如果將鳥類的研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于人類，任何不說話的時期都可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)聲性能的喪失。這說明研究鳥鳴對人類有重要意義，因此人類聲音在文本中被提及是為了展示研究鳥鳴的重要性。故選C項。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Adam assumed the muscles that prduce birdsng required daily exercise, s she designed an experiment n zebra finches — small Australian sngbirds. Light is what attracts the birds t sing, s she prevented them frm singing fr a week by keeping them in the dark almst arund the clck. The nly exceptins were a few half-hur perids each day when the lights were turned n s the birds culd eat and drink.(亞當假設(shè)產(chǎn)生鳥鳴的肌肉需要日常鍛煉，于是她對斑胸草雀——一種小型澳大利亞鳴鳥——進行了一項實驗。光吸引鳥類歌唱，所以她幾乎全天候地讓它們處于黑暗中，以防止它們歌唱，持續(xù)了一周。唯一的例外是每天有幾個半小時的時間會開燈，這樣鳥兒可以吃喝)”可知，Adam設(shè)計的實驗是基于光照是吸引鳥類唱歌的因素，因此她幾乎全天候地把鳥放在黑暗中，以防止它們唱歌。因此，Adam的實驗基礎(chǔ)是光照是鳥類唱歌的一個促成因素。故選B項。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段““Why birds sing is relatively well-understd,” says Ins Adam, a behaviral scientist at the University f Suthern Denmark. The big questin fr her was: Why d birds sing s frequently?(“為什么鳥類會唱歌這一點人們已經(jīng)相對了解了，”南丹麥大學(xué)的行為科學(xué)家英斯·亞當（Ins Adam）說。對她來說，最大的問題是：為什么鳥兒如此頻繁地歌唱？)”以及最后一段““This study highlights that achieving mastery in any skill requires a lt f practice,” says Ana Amadr, a scientist at the University f Buens Aires wh was nt invlved in the research.(“這項研究強調(diào)了，要想在任何技能上達到精通，都需要大量的練習(xí)，”布宜諾斯艾利斯大學(xué)的科學(xué)家安娜·阿瑪多爾（Ana Amadr）說，她沒有參與這項研究)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了鳥類每天歌唱對其發(fā)聲肌肉健康的重要性，所以D項“Daily Singing: Essential fr Birds’ Vcal Muscle Fitness(每日歌唱：鳥類聲帶肌肉健康的必要條件)”是本文最好的標題。故選D項。
（24-25高三上·陜西安康·開學(xué)考試）A phenmenn that cncerns many parents is that American children are nt learning t read. And schls are struggling t imprve the drpping test scres: fcusing n phnics(拼讀法). But in ding s, they are ignring smething f equal imprtance: the rle knwledge plays in helping children becme gd readers.
T be clear, nt all kids suffer frm pr reading skills. Internatinal cmparisns indicate that American
children belw the age f 10 are cmpetent at identifying wrds and summarizing the main tpic f a text.
Hwever, nce kids enter middle schl and standardized tests begin measuring deeper levels f reading cmprehensin, scres decline. By age 15, nly 14 percent f U. S. children are gd at reading and nearly 20 percent are failing t read at a baseline prficiency(基線水平). Mst ninth- graders in the cuntry are nt skilled at absrbing and using infrmatin btained frm written material.
S, what is deep reading cmprehensin, and hw might we prmte it in schls? When reading fictin r petry, deep cmprehensin invlves using clues in the text t make inferences abut the characters’ underlying (隱含的) emtins. When it cmes t the sciences, deep cmprehensin cnsists f calling up relevant backgrund knwledge and integrating it with infrmatin frm the text. High- schlers will read histry r jurnalism and ask: Wh wrte this, and what agenda was the writer prmting? In a wrd, deep cmprehensin means taking advantage f prir knwledge t dynamically engage with writers and their wrks.
The prcess f teaching kids t read better thrugh knwledge acquisitin must start early. Data gathered at hme, schls and in labs shw that 1- t-3- year- ld children wh have cnversatins with lder peple learn t read mre easily than children wh d nt.
And it’s nt just the quantity f cnversatin that matters. The infrmatin in thse discussins shapes better literacy skills. Explring cnversatin is key t helping children t becme gd readers. Such discussin leads t reading cmprehensin skills that g beynd the shallw standards we’ve set.
1．What d US schls pay little attentin t?
A．Test scres.B．Student equality.
C．Wrd prnunciatin.D．Knwledge acquisitin.
2．What’s the purpse f paragraph 3?
A．T shw the necessity f deep reading cmprehensin.
B．T state the impact f tests n reading cmprehensin.
C．T present the students’ bad academic perfrmances.
D．T prve the significance f the schl reading guide.
3．Which can help imprve children’s reading cmprehensin skills?
A．Reading mre gd wrks.B．Ignring the authr’s inner emtins.
C．Engaging in deep discussins.D．Fcusing n cnversatins in bks.
4．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Finding new methds f develping better reading skills.
B．Imprving deep reading cmprehensin f US students.
C．What skills can be acquired frm early cnversatins.
D．Why reading cmprehensin is imprtant t students.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了閱讀時深度閱讀的必要性和方法。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But in ding s, they are ignring smething f equal imprtance: the rle knwledge plays in helping children becme gd readers.”（但在這樣做的過程中，他們忽略了同樣重要的一點：知識在幫助孩子成為優(yōu)秀讀者方面的作用。）可知，美國學(xué)校對知識獲取關(guān)注不夠。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“By age 15, nly 14 percent f U. S. children are gd at reading and nearly 20 percent are failing t read at a baseline prficiency(基線水平). Mst ninth- graders in the cuntry are nt skilled at absrbing and using infrmatin btained frm written material.”（到15歲時，只有14%的美國孩子擅長閱讀，近20%的孩子閱讀能力達不到基本水平。這個國家的大多數(shù)九年級學(xué)生不善于吸收和使用從書面材料中獲得的信息。）；根據(jù)第四段“S, what is deep reading cmprehensin, and hw might we prmte it in schls?”（那么，什么是深度閱讀理解，我們該如何在學(xué)校中推廣它呢？）可知，本段旨在展示深度閱讀理解的必要性。故選A。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“The infrmatin in thse discussins shapes better literacy skills. Explring cnversatin is key t helping children t becme gd readers. Such discussin leads t reading cmprehensin skills that g beynd the shallw standards we’ve set.”（這些討論中的信息塑造了更好的讀寫能力。探索對話是幫助孩子成為優(yōu)秀讀者的關(guān)鍵。這樣的討論會讓你的閱讀理解能力超越我們設(shè)定的膚淺標準。）可知，參與深入討論有助于提高孩子的閱讀理解能力。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段“Hwever, nce kids enter middle schl and standardized tests begin measuring deeper levels f reading cmprehensin, scres decline.”（然而，一旦孩子進入中學(xué)，標準化測試開始測量更深層次的閱讀理解能力，分數(shù)就會下降。）和最后一段“Explring cnversatin is key t helping children t becme gd readers.”（探索對話是幫助孩子成為優(yōu)秀讀者的關(guān)鍵。）可知，文章主要討論提高美國學(xué)生的深度閱讀理解能力。故選B。

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