Lng ag, the early peple did nt live in huses as we d tday. Mst f the hmes were in caves r shelters(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘hmes’ were nly used as temprary (臨時的) shelters t p （1） them frm the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the frests. Men f that time were called ‘cave peple’.
These ‘cave peple’ usually lived in small grups and life was nt e （2） fr them. They had t mve frm place t place t s （3） fr fd. They wuld hunt, fish r pick wild fruit. When they culdn't find a （4） t eat, they wuld leave t find anther prper place. Their tls were very simple. They ate raw(生的) fd u （5） they learnt hw t make a fire. Fr clthing, they used nly the bark(樹皮) f trees r the skins(皮) f animals t c （6） their bdies.
Hwever, the lives f the ‘cave peple' changed. They cllected the seeds(種子) f wild plants that g （7） in the frests. Sn they learnt t plant fruit, vegetables and ther crps. They als kept cws, sheep and ther kinds f farm a （8） fr milk, meat and skins. They became f （9） and lived in nly ne certain area. Their grups became l （10） than befre as they lived mre settled(固定的) lives. They built huses as lng-lasting hmes, and as a result, villages and twns develped quickly. The ‘cave peple’ began t be civilized(文明的).
Passage 2(2018天津）
Hw d we knw the time? A clck, a watch r a cell phne can help us. Hwever, many years ag there were n clcks and knwing the time was nt s easy. Over the centuries peple have develped different w （1） f telling the time.
Abut 5，500 years ag, the Egyptians i （2） the sun clck. This was a tall stne structure. Its shadw(影子)shwed the mvement f the s （3）. They were able t determine (測定)midday.
Abut 3，500 years ag, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clck and culd measure(測量) the time fr half a day. On c （4） days r at night it was impssible t tell the time with a sun clck r a sundial.
Water clcks were the f （5） clcks nt t use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flws(流動)frm ne cntainer(容器)t anther. When the water reaches a certain l （6）， it mves a lever(控制桿) and this shws the hurs. The Egyptians used water clcks abut 3，400 years ag. These clcks were ppular in the Middle East and China but they f （7） t keep accurate(精確的) time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clck was invented. This was mre accurate， b （8） was expensive t make. Over the next few centuries it was develped. Fr example， springs(發(fā)條) were added arund 1500. This i （9） accuracy and allwed clcks t be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clck was develped. Clcks became cheaper t build and wn. Peple began depending n them mre and mre t run businesses, markets and s n.
Mre recently, in 1956, came the digital clck. And nwadays satellites(人造衛(wèi)星) send ur cell phnes the time t the exact secnd. There has been a lt f prgress in timekeeping but sme things never c （10）. Man f us still have truble getting ut f bed n time and nt missing appintments.
Passage 3(2024河北區(qū)一模）
Lng lng ag, peple arund the wrld did nt have mney. They traded animals r plants fr things they wanted.
In China, in abut 1200 BC, peple used shells(殼) t buy w （1） they wanted. Later, in abut 1000 BC, metal(金屬) mney a （2）. Metal tls l （3） knives were first used as mney. The early metal mney then develped int the riginal(最早的) cins. In abut 100 BC, Chinese peple began t make mney ut f animal skin(皮). The first paper mney was made frm white deerskin(鹿皮). In all， China experienced mre than 500 years f using the early paper mney.
Outside f China, the first cins were made ut f gld r silver. In abut 700 BC, peple made the first metal cins. These early cins were first seen in Lydia, which is part f Turkey nw. The shape f these cins is r （4）. They lked very similar t the cins we use tday. After cins were made in Lydia, peple in Rme, Iran, and Greece began making cins. The cins were very strng and wuld nt be e （5） brken. At the beginning f the 19th century, gld became p （6） in England and the US. Mre and mre peple began t use it. Later, paper mney came int use, and it has been used fr several h （7） years.
Mney c （8） with time. Tday, electrnic t （9） develps rapidly. It's cnvenient fr us t pay （10） the Internet. N matter what it lks like, mney is an idea. It is the thught that peple can trade smething they have fr smething they want. Mney makes trading easier.
Passage 4【文化傳承】(2024西青區(qū)一模）
The Lantern Festival falls n the 15th day f the first lunar mnth. This day is always the first full mn in the new year. Ancient peple als c （1） it Shangyuan Festival. Celebratins and t （2） n this day began frm the Han Dynasty(朝代) and became ppular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red l （3） is ne f the main traditins. Lanterns f different shapes and sizes are usually put n trees, r a （4） river banks n shw. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kngming t ask fr help when he was in truble. Tday, when the lanterns slwly r （5） int the air, peple make wishes.
Anther traditin is g （6） lantern riddles(謎語). The riddles are usually shrt, wise, and smetimes humrus(幽默的). The answer t a riddle can be a Chinese character(漢字), a famus persn's name, r a name f a place.
The mst i （7） thing is t eat sweet dumplings with different tastes, because they are symbls f reunin and wishes fr gd luck. In nrthern China, they are called yuanxia w （8） in suthern part they're named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game r an activity, they are usually dne happily by a grup f friends r r （9）.
I n ld times, the Lantern Festival was als rmantic(浪漫的). W （10） lanterns gave yung peple a chance t meet each ther. A line frm Xin Qiji, a pet during the Sng Dynasty, shws this:
Hundreds and thusands f times I searched fr her in the crwd. Suddenly I turned, and there she std, in the dim light.
Passage 5(2024紅橋區(qū)一模）
Did yu knw that tea， the mst ppular drink in the wrld, was invented by accident(偶然的)? Many peple believe that tea was first drunk abut 5，000 years ag. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nng was the f （1） t discver tea as a drink. One day Shen Nng was biling(煮) drinking water ver an pen fire. Sme l （2） frm a tea plant fell int the water and remained there fr sme time. It prduced a nice smell, s （3） he tasted the brwn water. It was quite d （4）， and s, ne f the wrld's favrite drinks was invented.
A few thusand years l （5）， Lu Yu, “the saint(圣人) f the tea”, mentined Shen Nng in his bk Cha Jing. The bk describes hw tea plants were grwn and used t make tea. It als discusses where the finest tea leaves were prduced and what kinds f water were used.
It is believed that tea was b （6） t Krea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't a （7） until arund 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had becme the natinal drink. The tea trade frm China t Western cuntries t （8） place in the 19th century. This h （9） t spread the ppularity f tea and the tea plant t mre places arund the wrld. Even thugh many peple nw knw abut tea c （10），the Chinese are withut dubt the nes wh best understand the nature f tea.
Passage 6(2024紅橋區(qū)二模）
Bdy language is an imprtant frm f cmmunicatin that is used everywhere, a （1） we dn't ften think abut it. Sme messages are understd by peple arund the wrld just because they are nt c （2） by wrds. Fr example, in many cuntries, peple nd their heads t shw agreement and they put their fingers up t their muths t ask fr s （3）.
H （4）， bdy language is used differently in different cultures. Fr example, in sme Western cultures, peple shrug(聳肩) their shulders t shw they dn't understand r they dn't care abut smething. This isn't cmmn in （5） places. In Japan, peple b （6） t shw respect(尊敬) when they greet each ther r say gdbye. This isn't dne in the West.
Smetimes, peple think they knw abut the bdy language custms f certain cultures, but in fact, they dn't knw enugh. Kissing is an example that we need t l （7） abut. In many Eurpean cultures，wmen and children are kissed n each cheek(臉頰) by family members r friends when they m （8） in the street. New friends are ften greeted with a kiss n the cheek by Eurpeans at parties. In the Middle East, yu must be c （9） abut yur feet. It is very rude t shw the bttm f yur shes when yu rest ne leg n t （10） f the ther. It is als nt plite t tuch peple with yur shes.
S, as we can see，bdy language is just as imprtant as spken language when we cmmunicate with peple frm ther cultures.
Passage 7【文化傳承】(2024南開區(qū)二模）
The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very ppular flwer in China. The beautiful flwer has many m （1） in Chinese culture.
The chrysanthemum is k （2） as ne f the “Fur Gentlemen in Plants”. The ther three are the plum blssm，the rchid, and bamb. In the past, they std fr nble(高尚的) qualities.
The chrysanthemum cmes ut in bright clrs during cld a （3） days when mst flwers die. They are beautiful, strng and tugh. The flwer thus greatly inspired(啟發(fā)) ancient Chinese pets. They spke highly f its beauty and als used the chrysanthemum t represent(代表) their （4） in their wrks.
Ta Yuanming was a f （5） pet. He nce wrte a pem abut living as a hermit (隱士). He described hw he lved the chrysanthemum and used it t shw his s （6） in the pem.
“I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar tward the suthern muntains(采菊東籬下,悠然見南山),” Ta wrte in his pem. Since then, the chrysanthemum has becme the s （7） f the hermit. But the chrysanthemum is nt nly fund in Chinese pems.It is als a p （8） f Chinese fd.
The Chngyang Festival falls n the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar year. On that day, drinking wine made frm chrysanthemums is a ppular traditin. Chrysanthemum tea is als usually seen n Chinese dinner tables. It tastes great. Peple believe it is gd fr ne's health e （9） fr eyes.
In a wrd, the chrysanthemum has i （10） peple's life deeply and widely.
Passage 8(2024紅橋區(qū)三模）
Sme peple believe that humans culd live n the planet Mars by the year 2100.Our wn planet, the Earth, is b （1） mre and mre crwded and plluted because f the rapid increase in ppulatin. It is hped that peple culd start all ver again and build a better wrld n Mars. Here is what life there culd be l （2）.
At present, ur spacecraft are t slw t carry large numbers f passengers t Mars — it wuld t （3） mnths. With the develpment f t （4）， by the year 2100, the jurney might nly take abut 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed(速度) f light! Hwever, the spacecraft wuld travel s f （5） that the jurney t Mars might be quite uncmfrtable. Many peple wuld feel ill.
Humans cannt survive(生存) w （6） water, xygen r fd. S far, nbdy knws whether there wuld be enugh water r xygen n Mars fr peple there.
Mrever, scientists are nt s （7） whether plants culd grw n Mars. Fd wuld mst prbably be in the frm f pills and wuld nt be s tasty.
C （8） with life n the Earth, life n Mars wuld be better in sme ways. Peple wuld have mre space. They might live in huses with huge cmfrtable rms. Als, rbts wuld d mst f their wrk s that they culd have mre time t r （9）.
There wuld prbably be n schls n Mars. Every student wuld have a cmputer at hme cnnected t an interplanetary(行星間的)netwrk. They wuld study at nline schls with “e-teachers”.
L （10） n Mars wuld be interesting as well as challenging.
Passage 9（2023西青區(qū)二模）
Sme peple believe clrs can influence ur mds. Yu may wnder whether it's true. In fact, clrs can change ur mds and make us feel happy r sad, energetic r sleepy. This article explains what clrs can d and what characteristics they represent(代表).
Calm clrs
Have yu ever walked int a rm and felt relaxed? It culd be because the walls were painted blue. Blue is a calm clr. It brings p （1） t ur mind and bdy. Blue can als represent sadness, s yu may say “I'm feeling blue” when yu are feeling s （2）.White is anther calm clr. It is als the clr f purity. Many wmen like t w （3） white n their wedding day.
Warm clrs
Sme clrs, such as range and yellw, can make yu feel warm. Peple in cld areas prefer warm clrs in their hmes t c （4） a warm and cmfrtable feeling.
Orange represents jy. It can c （5） yu up when yu are feeling sad. Yellw is the clr f the sun, s it can remind yu f a warm sunny day. Yellw is als the clr f wisdm. Sme peple prefer this clr when they hpe fr s （6）.
Energetic clrs
W （7） yu feel tired r weak, yu shuld wear energetic clrs like green. Green can give yu e （8）， as it is the clr f nature and represents new life. Hwever, it is als the clr f envy, s we may say smene is “green with envy”.
Strng clrs
If yu require strength i （9） either bdy r mind, red may be f sme help t yu. Red is the clr f heat. It represents pwer and strng feelings. Wearing red can als make i （10） easier t take actin. This may help when yu are having difficulty making a decisin.
生活啟示類
Passage 1(2023天津）
A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he r she is p （1） with sme prgress in studies. Or a persn may smile if a friend tells a funny jke. There are ther gd r （2） t smile ften.
First, it is e （3） t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles(肌肉) t smile. On the ther hand, it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur f （4） a rest and smile!
Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t l （5） nice by exercising r wearing nice clthes. Hwever, peple ften say a smile is the best thing a persn can wear. That is because it is easy t be a （6） smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t stay with smene wh is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have pwer(感染力). Bth smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s （7） frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him r her want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend(往往會) t laugh with him r her. If a persn is s （8）， the best thing t d is t share a smile r a laugh. It is the easiest way t cheer smene up.
F （9）， smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy.Even thugh yu are sad, try smiling.Yu'll find that it will be difficult t s （10） sad fr very lng!
Passage 2(2020天津)
Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme”?This is just anther way f saying that it's n （1） t be hme! A lt f the peple and things we lve are at hme.
What d yu like abut being at hme?
What d yu like best abut being at hme? Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters.Maybe yu e （2） staying with yur mum and dad. Maybe yu have a pet yu like t play with.Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.
Yur bedrm is a （3） thing that makes hme special.Yur tys, yur bks, and yur favurite things are in yur bedrm.Cnsider what yu like best abut yur rm.Is it hw it lks? Is it yur cmfrtable b （4） that yu sleep n?Maybe yu like t have a q （5） place t read a bk r t think abut yur day.
Mealtime can be a special time at hme. Families sit arund the table t eat the fd Mum r Dad has prepared. It's a time t share interesting s （6） abut yur day.
Hw d yu help at hme?
There are a lt f things t d t make hme a special place.Wh des the chres(家庭雜務(wù)) l （7） cleaning, cking, and yardwrk(庭院勞動) at yur huse?When families wrk t （8） t d the chres, it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne. Maybe yu can h （9） lay the dinner table r clear the places. Maybe yu can pull weeds(草) ut f the flwer garden. Maybe yu can water the vegetable garden r the huseplants. Think abut what yu can d, s that w （10） yu cme hme every day, yu can say, “Hme, sweet hme!”
Passage 3（2024濱海新區(qū)一模)
We can't remember clearly when we started t take ur mbile phnes t a dinner table. This happens a lt, e （1） when we eat ut. Once a dish cmes, instead f lifting ur chpsticks, we t （2） ut ur mbile phnes and click. Later, we pst the phts nt Weib r WeChat， waiting t be “l(fā)iked”. Then we check ur mbile phnes frm time t time during the meal t see whether we get “l(fā)iked” r nt. We just cannt l （3） ur mbile phnes fr nly a meal.
A recent study suggests that spending time taking phts f fd makes the fd nt s gd. T test this, sme researchers did an e （4）. Sme peple were asked t take phts befre they culd enjy fd. As a result, it shwed that the mre phts they tk, the less d （5） the fd seemed t them.
Besides the scientific(科學(xué)的) result, there are als sme ther bad influences f taking phts f fd b （6） meals. After psting the phts nt the Internet, ne will nt be able t c （7） himself and check his mbile phne many times. “Des everyne like my phts? I hpe a lt f peple like t （8）!” It seems that yur mbile phne secretly calls yur name all the time, even when yu are with real peple.
S, next time yu g ut t have dinner with yur f （9） r friends, hw abut nt taking phts f fd? Let the fd be delicius as it is and s （10） yur life with peple arund yu. Trust me, it will be a wnderful time.
Passage 4（2023河西區(qū)一模）
One day, a lvely girl fund tw weak birds while she was walking in the wds. She tk them hme and p （1） them in a small cage(鳥籠). She fed them with lve and the birds grew strng. Every mrning they greeted her with a beautiful sng. The girl lved them very much and wanted their singing t l （2） frever(永遠).
One day, the girl left the cage's dr （3）. The larger and strnger ne f the tw birds flew ut f the cage. The girl watched wrriedly as it circled high a （4） her. She was afraid that it wuld fly away and she wuld never see it a （5）. S when it flew clse, she grasped(抓住) at it wildly. She was s h （6） that she held it tightly(緊緊地) in her hand! Suddenly, she felt that smething happened t the bird. She was surprised t find the bird was d （7）. She was very sad.
She nticed the ther bird jumping up and dwn in the cage. She culd feel that it wanted t be free. It hped t fly in the clear, blue s （8）. She lifted it frm the cage and flew it int the air.
W （9） the bird was flying happily in the sky, she was s glad. She watched the bird circling nce, twice, three times…
T her surprise, the bird flew back clser and sat sftly n her s （10）. It sang the sweetest sng she had ever heard.
The fastest way t lse lve is t hld it tightly. The best way t keep lve is t let it fly.
Passage 5（2023和平區(qū)二模)
I remember the day when I first learned t ride a bike. It was a frightening, yet fun experience. My grandfather was the ne wh taught me and he helped me when I gt hurt. The first time I gt n a bike, I had n idea w （1） I was ding, and just abut everything went wrng. My grandfather tld me t just put my feet n the pedals(腳蹬子) and start cycling. He als tld me he wuld hld nt the b （2） f the bike the whle time, yet he didn't.
As sn as I started trying t balance myself, he let the bike g. I happened t lk back just then. I was scared t death that I was ging t fall and hurt m （3）. When I was scared, my mind went blank frm cycling, and I just wanted ff. I frgt hw t use the brakes(車閘) and fell r （4） ff the bike. My grandfather kept e （5） me t get up and try again and after abut 15 minutes, I finally stpped crying, gt up and tried again.
As sn as I started riding again, my pants gt caught in the chain, and I fell flat n my face and h （6） my nse. As a result, my grandfather d （7） t call it a day and try again the next mrning. The next mrning I wke up brightly and early, and was very eager t try t ride my bike. Perhaps my nse felt better, s I wasn't s a （8） f falling anymre.
Even thugh I knew there were a lt f d （9） n the way t mastering the skills in riding a bike, I believed I culd d well with my grandfather's help. After all, riding a bike was a b （10） skill which I wanted t learn eagerly at such a yung age. Even till nw, I still hld the heart and passin in my life.
Passage 6（2023南開區(qū)二模）
Many bks have been written abut “the art f giving”. But what abut the art f receiving? Smetimes, receiving a gift can be difficult, especially when smene buys yu a gift yu dn't w （1）!
“I remember when I was abut twelve years ld, my parents g （2） me a purple schlbag,” says Xiajing. “It really made me feel embarrassed(尷尬的)， because I thught the schlbag was really ugly!Still, I pretended(假裝) that I l （3） it because I knew it wuld make my parents happy!”
Lingling a （4）.“That sunds like my grandparents! A few years ag, my grandparents bught me an range sweater fr my birthday. I used t wear it every time I visited them, but I tk it ff i （5） as sn as I left their huse! Of curse, this made me feel srry. It was a very nice thught, but my grandparents have different taste frm me!I think it's hard t buy c （6）r ther persnal things fr peple.”
T make things easier, sme peple j （7） use mney as a gift. In sme cultures, hwever, receiving mney can make peple uncmfrtable. “When smene gives me mney, it nly makes me think they're being lazy,” says Jhn. “In England, we have a saying: It's the thught that cunts. If smene gives me mney, I feel they dn't think at all. I p （8） t receive a gift that has sme thught behind it. I dn't m （9） if it's smething that I dn't need. If smene has thught abut a gift fr me, it always makes me happy.”
Different peple have very different thughts n this s （10）! S maybe the art f receiving is even mre difficult than the art f giving!What d yu think?
Passage 7（2023濱海新區(qū)二模）
In the past, whenever I was wrking twards a gal(目標(biāo)), I wuld meet ne prblem ver and ver again. Fr the first few days, I wuld be e （1） t d the wrk.But it never lasted fr a lng time.Day by day, I fell int a lazy situatin.
After years f effrts, I fund ut the best way t vercme(克服) this p （2）:use the pwer f respnsibility(責(zé)任).Generally, t push urselves t c （3） a task, we need t tell the task t ther peple.We can tell it t thse peple wh we trust.
Take new year's reslutins(決心) as an example. Peple set gd gals: dn't smke r eat l （4） junk fd.But they usually give up in a few days.This is b （5） they nly depend n themselves. S, after the excitement at the beginning, peple fall back int ld habits q （6）.
A better way t turn yur new year's reslutin int s （7） is t lk fr a few partners(伙伴) t supervise(監(jiān)督) yu. Fr example, yu can start a small grup f abut three r fur peple wh all have new year's gals. Make a weekly r mnthly reprt t s （8） yur prgress and next gals with each ther.In this way, yu can create a system in yur envirnment that helps yu t k （9） active.
If yu have a gal yu want t achieve, make sure t have smene a （10） ur partner.In return, yu can be a partner fr them.Then yu create a gd partnership that will speed(加速) up yur steps t success.
Passage 8(2023部分區(qū)二模)
One day Fred's aunt sent him a new spade(鐵鍬) and a small bx f seeds(種子). As sn as he gt them, he went ut t his wn garden t plant the seeds.
His sister Jane went with h （1）. As he dug, she std near him and talked t him with the bx f seeds in her hand. As Jane spke, she drpped the bx f seeds n the g （2） by mistake. All the seeds fell ut. Jane was afraid and s （3） srry t Fred, but Fred didn't speak t her.
“Oh, Fred.” she cried. “Why dn't yu speak t me?”
Fred answered, “I wanted t wait t （4） I culd cunt t ten.”
“Cunt t ten,” said Jane. “Why did yu want t cunt t ten?”
“Aunt nce tld me t cunt t ten befre I spke, if I felt angry. I knw that I am ften angry with yu, and I wanted t d the right thing t （5） time,” said Fred.
“Oh, Fred. H （6） gd yu are! It was very careless f me t let the seeds fall, b （7） I have cllected them again. Here they are.”
The seeds were put int the grund, and day b （8） day Fred and Jane came t watch them grw. At last, a lt f small green l （9） appeared abve the grund. They sn grew larger and had p （10） flwers, making the children very happy.
Befre yu speak t fast in anger, cunt t ten, and if yu are still angry, cunt again.
Passage 9(2023東麗區(qū)二模)
Peple are playing vide games everywhere these days, whether they're riding a bus r sitting in a restaurant. Sme f them e （1） these games s much that they can't put them dwn.
But is this a healthy habit? The Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO) desn't t （2） s. In June, it named “gaming disrder(障礙)” as a mental disrder in its Internatinal Classificatin f Diseases, CNN reprted.
“Gaming disrder” refers t persistent(持續(xù)的) r recurrent(反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的) videgaming behavir, whether nline r ffline. Of curse, nt everyne wh plays vide games has this disrder. It has three m （3） characteristics(特征).
The first sign is when the player lses c （4） ver his r her gaming habits. The secnd is when playing games becmes mre imprtant than ther a （5） fr the player. The third is when the cnditin leads t serius prblems in the player's persnal and family life. Many experts have welcmed the decisin. It is believed that new ways t t （6） this disrder will appear fllwing the WHO classificatin.
In fact, sme cuntries are already wrking t s （7） this prblem. Suth Krea has intrduced a law stpping children under 16 frm playing nline games between midnight and 6 am, USA Tday reprted. Chinese tech cmpany Tencent is als setting limits(限制) n the a （8）f time that teenagers can play its games. Children between 12 and 18 years ld can nly play tw hurs per day.
If yu have “gaming disrder”, yu shuld a （9） fr prfessinal medical help. But yu can use delayed gratificatin(延遲滿足) t deal with it, if yur cnditin is nt serius, the Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences pinted that ut.
Fr example, if yu tell yurself nt t play any vide games n weekdays, yu can allw yurself t play fr three hurs during the weekend. Or if yu really want t play them after schl, yu can tell yurself that yu cannt d s u （10） yu have finished yur hmewrk.
社會生活類
Passage 1(2022天津)
In the small villages f Kenya(肯尼亞), Africa, mst kids want t read bks.But n rads g t their hmes, nly miles and miles f sand. Cars and trucks are nt useful, s （1） library bks arrive n the backs f camels.Camels can handle(應(yīng)付)the sand and the bks.Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian(圖書管理員) w （2） t the villages tgether. One camel carries abut 180 kils f bks, and the ther carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shws the b （3） t the kids inside. Tw weeks later, the camels c （4） back with new bks.
Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand(泰國) get bks in a d （5） way. Their “l(fā) （6）” are carried by elephants.These animals can handle the difficult jurney. Because they are large, they can carry many bks in metal cases(金屬箱). The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains that f （7） in the area.
Indnesia(印度尼西亞) has its wn difficulties.The cuntry has ver 17,000 islands. Mst peple t （8） by bat and they als carry their bks by bat. A library bat hlds(容納) abut 500 bks in bxes. Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded(交換) fr new bks a few weeks l （9）.
Fr peple wh live far and can't get t a library, a library that cmes t them brings mre than bks.It brings a whle w （10） f infrmatin.
Passage 2(2019天津）
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge(挑戰(zhàn)).They didn't have a schl fr their kids.
Then the village elder thught f an i （1）.He said that there was an ld, abandned(廢棄的) farmhuse. It culd be changed int classrms after cleaning and furnishing(裝設(shè)備) it. All the villagers were p （2） with his suggestin and started the prject immediately.
The parents repaired the brken walls.Sme villagers d （3） the huse int three classrms by using pieces f wd. The thers helped make desks and chairs fr the students. Still, there was much mre wrk t d. But the rains were cming. They had t s （4） wrking fr the schl as it was nw the best time fr them t plant.
S the children f Mhangeni decided t finish the huse by t （5）. They had t hurry as summer had ended and ther schls had already pened.They didn't want t delay(耽擱) their studies.Every day they were busy with wrk like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news abut the prject s （6） and many peple knew it.Tw teachers wh wrked fr the cuntry's Department f Educatin arrived t help ut, and tw freign visitrs were als tuched(感動) by the children's a （7）. They dnated mney fr them t buy textbks and statinery.
After 10 days f hard wrk, the new schl was r （8）.The kids were very happy but a bit wrried — they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除……之外) this, they als faced many d （9）.There were nt enugh classrms t hld all the students.And tw r three students had t share ne bk.
Hwever, the children are happy t study in schl — e （10） in their new schl which they helped t build. Thugh their schl might nt be mdern, their dream f having a schl near their hmes has cme true.
Passage 3(2024河?xùn)|區(qū)一模）
The 6th Wrld Intelligence Cngress(WIC) was held nline in Tianjin n June 24, 2022. It brught famus guests tgether, i （1） Nbel Prize and Turing Award winners. As ne f the leading events in the field f smart technlgy, it had made m （ 2） great achievements in the past five years and pushed the develpment f nextgeneratin AI. Here are a few f the mst imprtant pints.
First, a h （3） number f latest scientific and technlgical achievements have been exhibited(展覽). In past years, varius prducts and t （4） have been exhibited, such as rbts that perfrm in the rchestra, smart hmes and smrat transprt.
Secnd, i （5） exchanges and cperatin(交流與合作) have been deepened. The Glbal Frum n Urban Gvernance(城市治理全球論壇) was als held in 2021, with leaders frm 41 c （6）， and rganizatins jining and finding develpment thrugh twway learning. By hlding the high-level WIC, Tianjin has b （7） an even larger platfrm fr internatinal cperatin in mre fields.
Third, intelligent technlgy has been d （8） integrated(融入)int scial develpment. The hst city Tianjin builds a natinal advanced manufacturing R&D base(先進制造業(yè)研發(fā)基地).It is puring new pwer i （9） the city's high-quality develpment.
Li Hngzhng said Tianjin has been aiming t be a pineer(先驅(qū))in AI develpment and made a series f achievements ver the past five years. Tianjin will try i （10） best t make manufacturing a main pwer fr the city's develpment and deepen the refrm(改革) f the lcal science and technlgy management system.
Passage 4(2024部分區(qū)一模）
Have yu ever wndered what PE classes are like in ther cuntries? In China, PE tests are required t graduate(畢業(yè)) frm b （1） middle schl and high schl. T get gd grades n the PE tests, Chinese students will need t p （2） running and ding situps and pullups(引體向上). H （3）， this is nt the way that PE classes wrk in the US high schls.
In my high schl, we are required t take tw semesters(學(xué)期) f PE t graduate. We play real sprts during PE classes, such as basketball and v （4）. There are als sme ther typical(種類) America sprts that we ften play，such as kickball and ddgeball(躲避球).I didn't knw the r （5） f kickball and ddgeball when I first came t the US. The teacher allwed me t sit n the sidelines, and w （6） hw ther students played it in rder t let me figure ut(弄清楚) the rules.
We als learn sme useful life skills in PE. Last year, I learned hw t d CPR（心肺復(fù)蘇),which is a life-saving skill. We were als taught hw t p （7） first aid t smene wh is chking(窒息). These skills are a large part f the final grade fr the PE class in my h （8） schl. Self-defense(自衛(wèi)) is taught in PE class as w （9）. This includes sme taekwnd(跆拳道), karate(空手道) skills and Chinese kung fu. It is practical.
I p （10）PE classes in the US t the nes in China. I think they are mre fun and useful. What d yu think?
Passage 5(2024河西區(qū)一模）
Traditinal Chinese Medicine(TCM) is used t help peple keep the balance f yin and yang. But have yu ever imagined that ne day yu can learn herb(藥草) planting and TCM curses at schl?
A primary schl in Nanjing has just （1） a herb farm. Mre than 30 herbs are p （2）. Students there are guided(指導(dǎo)) by dctrs frm a TCM hspital t tell d （3） herbs and learn plant develpment, medicinal value as well as grwing herbs. The hspital has als dnated ver 100 cartn bks abut TCM t help draw children's a （4） in herbal medicine.
Anther middle schl has i （5） TCM curses t students f all grades.
These curses cntain a basic k （6） f herbs, herb planting and cking with herbs.
They give students a deeper understanding f TCM, bringing ut their sense f p （7） in Chinese traditins and the cuntry's rich culture.
Als in Shanghai, Tngji University has p （8） freign students with sme chances t plant different kinds f herbs w （9） used in Chinese medicine and cking. By taking care f the plants, freign students can get firsthand experience f making herbal medicine frm start t finish, and spread TCM culture t their （10） cuntries.
The herb planting curses at schls and universities acrss China get students clse t TCM and help pass n the traditin.
Passage 6（2023河北區(qū)一模)
Mst f us have spent time at a museum, lking at and learning abut the things there. Every year, museums put a lt f mney and wrk int keeping their bjects(物品) in gd c （1）. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just r （2）， and that the air isn't t wet.
Hwever, even if all f them are crrect, sme things can still be harmful t a valuable bject — insects(昆蟲). Often they enter the museum inside the bject itself. They may a （3） be brught in by accident n visitrs' clthes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly m （4） frm ne bject t anther, and they enjy eating natural material(材料) such as wd, cttn, silk and wl.
Museum experts(專家) say that the lder the bjects are, the mre the insects seem t like them. That's a prblem because these things can't e （5） be repaired. As a result, museums will try almst anything t s （6） insects frm harming their cllectins. Fr example, a new bject will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff(工作人員) are sure there are n insects inside, it can be put n shw. If insects are f （7） in a piece f clthing r art, placing it in a freezer(冷凍柜) is ne way f getting rid f(除掉) them.
But nw ne museum in the US has decided t try smething new. They are t （8） a dg t find insects. Dgs have an e （9） sense f smell. Usually the dg sits dwn t shw what it has fund. Staff at the Museum f Fine Arts, Bstn hpe that their dg, Riley, will learn t d this when it finds insects. They say that at the mment it's just an experiment. Hwever, if Riley can help find insects b （10） they d a lt f harm, ther museums are sure t be interested.
事物介紹類
Passage 1(2021天津）
Electric cars may seem like a recent inventin, but they've been arund fr years. In the early 1900s, there were mre electric cars n the rad than there were petrl(汽油) cars. At that time, petrl was e （1） cmpared with ther fuels(燃料). W （2） petrl prices drpped and new technlgies were develped,electric cars went ut f fashin(過時).Instead, petrl cars became mre p （3） because they culd travel lnger distances(距離) withut stpping.
During the 20th century, petrl cars gt bigger, heavier, and faster.They needed mre fuel, and it c （4） mre air pllutin. Fr years, car makers didn't wrry abut pllutin.They didn't wrry abut the amunt f petrl cars used, e （5）.But when peple began t realise that there was nt enugh il n the earth, they asked car makers t prduce mre efficient(高效能的) and less plluting cars.
One m （6） f slving the prblem was a “hybrid” car(混合動力車), ne that ran partly n petrl and partly n electricity. Hybrid cars became ppular in the 2000s when petrl prices went up and the prices f hybrid cars went d （7）.
An all-electric car uses n petrl.The prblem, hwever, is that car batteries(電池) need t be recharged(再充電).That makes electric cars nt s useful fr lng j （8）. Many peple are nt p （9） with it.The gvernment and car makers are w （10） tgether t develp safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.When peple have these cars in the future, a petrl statin may be a thing f the past.
Passage 2【科技創(chuàng)新】(2024南開區(qū)一模）
D yu ever find yurself standing in frnt f rubbish bins, nt sure whether the piece f waste in yur hand is recyclable r nt? T s （1） this prblem, fur Hng Kng high schl students have i （2） a small rubbish bin that uses AI t srt(分類).
Cnnected t a cmputer, the bin uses a camera t tell the kind f the waste it receives and srts it int plastic, paper, r （3） kinds. T make sure the bin can srt waste crrectly, the team tested every prduct in the schl shp and t （4） at least 500 pictures f each ne, s the AI system has a better rate f accuracy(精準(zhǔn)度).
The i （5） f the smart bin was brn tw years ag, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, peple frm the city crwded int their village. They left behind a lt f rubbish and c （6） mre pllutin.“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish n the muntain. We had t pick up the waste every weekend，” the students recalled.
The students decided t develp a special recycling bin that wuld encurage peple t prtect the e （7）. They wrked hard. The team wuld cntinue t wrk n their inventin until 6 r 7 p.m. at schl, a （8） schl ended at 2 p.m. Frm time t time, they met and wrked tgether nline.
“Our bin is nw in its third generatin(代). Befre graduatin, we h （9） it can be widely used in the city,” The students said. “Then it will be e （10） than ever fr peple t recycle waste.”
Passage 3(2024河?xùn)|區(qū)二模）
Hw can yu d calculatins(計算) quickly? These days, yu are a （1） t use a calculatr(計算器). But hw abut peple in ancient times? In the very beginning, the cleverest amng them thught f using stnes. Then, arund the 2nd century B.C. Chinese b （2） t use the abacuses(算盤).Nw sme researchers c （3） it t be the wrld's ldest calculatr. In China, peple used abacuses t d calculatins fr thusands f years b （4） electrnic calculatrs became ppular.
The abacus is usually made f wd. It has many beads(珠子). Each bead abve the hrizntal divider(水平分隔器) s （5） fr five, and each bead belw the divider means ne. By mving the beads with fingers up r dwn, ne can d all kinds f calculatins.
It is great t watch a skilled hand use an abacus. Yu can watch f （6） mve and beads knck. And after a few secnds, the result cmes ut. Thrugh lts f p （7）， yu can use the abacus well. In the past, the abacus was used in all schls. It was cnsidered t be a b （8） skill that everybdy needed t pick up.
Tday, p （9） yu can hardly see abacuses because they are n lnger widely used. Hwever， we can still feel the imprtant rle they nce played. Abacuses have becme a symbl f much mney. Sme have cme t b （10） that abacuses can bring their wners wealth. Peple ften give a new baby a glden abacus-shaped amulet(護身符) as a present. It is thught that the amulet will help the kid grw up and becme a rich persn.
Passage 4(2024西青區(qū)二模）
E-bk is shrt fr electrnic bk. It is usually read n persnal cmputers. Sme mbile phnes can als be used t r （1） e-bks.
Earlier e-bks were written fr a small grup f readers and were abut nly a few s （2）. With the d （3） f the Internet, knwledge and answers t a lt f questins mainly cme frm e-bks. This is why the e-bk business is increasing mre q （4）.
E-bks have many advantages. First，they save time. We dn't need t g t a bkstre t buy bks. Besides, we can find the tpic we want t knw abut n the Internet, and t （5） we can quickly get many e-bks n similar tpics. Secnd, e-bks save mney. Sme e-bks cst a little mney, and there are millins f e-bks n the Internet w （6） we can get fr free. Third, mre fees are saved because e-bks dn't need t be p （7） n paper. Furth, e-bks make reading mre cnvenient(方便). We can carry a whle library f hundreds f bks w （8） us in a small cmputer r any e-bk reader withut wrrying abut their weight.
But e-bks have certain disadvantages. They need a persnal cmputer r an e-bk reader and the infrmatin can be l （9） if its file frmat(文件格式)is nt supprted r changed in the reader's cmputer.
Hwever, e-bks p （10） us with a new way f reading. That is gd.
Passage 5(2024濱海新區(qū)二模）
Fr thusands f years，rice has been central n the table f the Chinese diet. All ver the cuntry tday, cuntless numbers f peple begin their day w （1） a bwl f rice prridge. In fact, fr many, especially in suthern China, n meal is c （2） withut a helping f steamed rice(米飯).
A key part f everyday meals， rice is als a highlight f traditinal Chinese f （3）.
Nianga, a cake made frm sticky rice flur(粘米面), is a p （4） Spring Festival fd. As ga s （5） the same sund as高, meaning “high” in Chinese, the eating f nianga is b （6） t imprve status (地位) in the new year.
The Lantern Festival falls n the 15th day f the first lunar mnth each year. Small sticky rice balls, k （7） as yuanxia in the nrth and tangyuan in the suth, are eaten w （8） during this festival. These rund rice balls are traditinally seen as s （9） f family reunin(團聚).
Frm the Spring Festival t the Lantern Festival, the Dragn Bat Festival and the Laba Festival, rice plays a rle in many f ur favurite c （10）. Nt nly des it lend special tastes t these Festivals, rice als helps add magic and charm(魅力).
Passage 6(2024和平區(qū)三模）
Are yu an “I” persn r an “E” persn? We hear this questin a lt these days.
In f （1），these are tw persnality(性格) types based n the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” persn is shy and quiet, while an “E” persn is utging.
S what is the MBTI test? It's a persnality test that helps us understand ur persnality b （2） and tells us hw we relate t the wrld arund us. It was d （3） in the 1940s by Katharine Ck Briggs.
When yu take the MBTI test, yu are given several sets f questins. Fr each questin yu need t c （4） the answer that best matches yur feelings, attitudes and behavir. Then yu'll knw what yur persnality type is.
The MBTI test is ppular fr many r （5）. Let's take a clser lk at just a few. First peple want t understand themselves. Human persnality is very cmplex(復(fù)雜的), and this test prvides a simple way fr peple t learn abut t （6）. Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjyable, b （7） its questins are interesting. Then, peple try t find cnnectins. The MBTI test （8） a way t g beynd small talk and cnnect with ther n a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds f persnality tests n the market, the MBTI test is the mst widely used.
The MBTI test may shw s （9） we dn't knw abut urselves and can be a fun way t help us make new friends. But knwing smene's MBTI results desn't m （10） we really knw that persn. Nr d the MBTI results define(定義) wh we are.
人物故事類
Passage 1(2024部分區(qū)二模）
Did yu ever eat cartn steamed buns(饅頭)? If nt, yu can b （1） them in Bi Chenggng's shp.
Bi is frm Inner Mnglia(內(nèi)蒙古), China. He lks a little heavy. Yu may wnder if he can make thse lvely steamed buns. The a （2） is yes, and he is really gd at that.
Abut six years ag, Bi fund many peple liked t buy creative steamed buns t shw their best wishes w （3） they celebrated their children's 12th birthday. Hwever, there were few creative steamed bun shps in Hhht(呼和浩特). S he d （4） t pen ne.
T learn h （5） t make cute steamed buns, Bi read ckbks and watched vides nline. He even went t Shandng and Shanxi t learn f （6） lcal peple. He als tried and practiced really hard, “That's very imprtant，” he said.
Bi's steamed buns are lvely. They are in different s （7）， such as Peppa Pig, Mickey Muse and Snw White. Bi is s （8） abut the fd materials(材料), t. Althugh his steamed buns are clurful, they are healthy. The clurs are frm v （9） like spinach(菠菜)and carrts. Children like them very much and call him “Steamed bun man”. Bi is g （10） abut that. He prmises t make mre cartn steamed buns fr them.
Passage 2(2024河西區(qū)二模）
Chen Xingrng, 16, whse favrite activity is jumping nt the swing(秋千)in the living rm. The swing was s （1） up by his father t help him learn hw t swim withut water.
He was diagnsed(診斷) with autism(自閉癥) when he was a baby.“We did nt understand why such a thing wuld happen t us,” Chen Xunhu says, adding that he began travelling t big c （2） such as Beijing and Guangzhu t learn mre abut autism. He even quit(停止) his jb and paid his full a （3） t the disease.
In 2012, the father learned that swimming culd help peple with autism, s he spent mnths learning hw t swim by watching vides and reading bks. At first the training t his sn didn't w （4）. T his surprise, after three mnths, he discvered that his sn had develped the ability t cntrl his b （5） under water. It imprved his cnfidence， and swimming sn became a keen(熱衷的) activity f the family.
Thanks t the strict training and the lve and supprt f his family and cmmunity members, Chen Xingrng m （6） t becme an utstanding swimmer. Last year, he wn five m （7）， including a gld, a （8） the eighth Natinal Special Olympic Games.
As well as swimming, learning b （9） life skills is als an imprtant part f life fr a teenager with autism. With his father's effrts， Chen has learned t buy fd in the market. He als wrks as a v （10） at a restaurant and likes t take care f patients in a clinic(診所) by cvering the patients with quilts(被子).
“I hpe he will live a wnderful life in the future.”
Passage 3(2023河?xùn)|區(qū)一模)
Huang Wenxiu is the rle mdel f the times. In 2022, a TV shw The Daughter f The Muntain tld us her s （1）. It was thught f highly by many peple.
When Huang was in cllege, the idea f serving her hme twn came t her.
She wanted t g back and d her best t i （2） the backward situatin f her hme twn. After graduating frm Beijing Nrmal University in 2016, Huang r （3） t Baise, her hme twn, instead f staying in the capital. She nce said, “I grew up in a muntainus v （4） where quite a number f peple live in pverty(貧窮). And all I wish is t d my part t c （5） their lives.”
But Huang sn discvered that her jb was nt e （6）. She had been wrried abut the village develpment fr a lng time. It tk her tw mnths just t visit the 195 pr families thrugh the village. The rad ut f pverty is l （7）. She travelled 25,000 kilmetres by car in ne year in the jb. Huang encuraged villagers t plant sugar ranges and many ther plants, and she helped them learn abut hw t sell their prducts nline. L （8）， 8,418 villagers were lifted ut f pverty in the end thanks t Huang Wenxiu's hard wrk.
Hwever, n June 16, 2019, Huang lst her life at the age f 30 because f a flash fld(山洪). She was swept away by the fld when she was d （9） back t wrk.
A （10） she passed away, her spirit still lives n. “I believe that ne day we can turn ur cuntry int the rich ne.” Huang Wenxiu nce dreamed f.
Passage 4（2023河北區(qū)二模）
Inventr Clarence Birdseye was brn in New Yrk in 1886. Frm a yung age, he was interested in animals and plants and in 1906, Birdseye went t cllege. Hwever, tw years later, he l （1） cllege fr family reasns. Then he tk a jb and wrked fr the US gvernment.
In 1912, Birdseye mved t Labradr — nw in Canada. He stayed there u （2） 1915.When he was in Labradr, Birdseye watched lcal peple fishing t （3） hles which was cut in an icy lake. As sn as they pulled ut fish, the fish at nce frze(凍結(jié)) in the very cld a （4）. He nticed that they culd then be kept fr a lng p （5）. When peple wanted sme t eat, they culd defrst(解凍) them withut lsing any f the freshness. Birdseye realised that cling fd very quickly was the key t keeping its freshness. This was easy in very cld envirnments. In w （6） envirnments, peple had t freeze fd slwly. When fd is frzen in this way, ice crystals(冰晶), shaped like knives, start t grw inside it. These cut int the fd and change the fd's cellular structure(細胞結(jié)構(gòu)) and then its taste. It tk Birdseye years t wrk ut hw t cl fd quickly enugh t stp them frm grwing. Then he began t wnder hw this way f freezing might wrk with fresh v （7） and ther fd like fish and meat.
After a lt f effrts, in the late 1920s, Birdseye develped a m （8） t freeze fd fast in the US. Later, he i （9） the first line f frzen fd int the market. Frzen fd began t be widely accepted.
Birdseye died in 1956.Tday peple c （10） him as the father f the mdern frzen fd industry(行業(yè)).
Passage 5(2023和平區(qū)三模)
If yu were a little screw(螺絲), culd yu stick t yur pst(崗位) frever? Lei Feng answered the questin with his service t his cuntry.
Lei Feng was prbably the mst f （1） sldier. He helped many peple w （2） he was alive. He carried luggage fr the elderly and p （3） fd fr the pr children. He nce gave all his mney t his friend's sick parents and he darned(縫補) pants and scks fr his fellw sldiers.
Lei Feng h （4） spke abut what he did fr thers. After he died in 1962, peple fund his d （5） and learned abut him. He became a symbl f the giving spirit. “There is a limit(限制) t ne's life, b （6） n limit t serving the peple,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Ma Zedng called n the natin t learn frm Lei Feng, and each year's March 5 has been n （7） as “Lei Feng Day”. On that day, students d all kinds f vlunteer wrk t learn frm the rle mdel. This year, sme fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes a （8） the rad in rder.
Being a vlunteer needs t learn a lt. Accrding t Jiang Meng, a 26yearld vlunteer frm the Yuth Team f Shugang Winter Olympics Service Grup, vlunteers have t knw all abut the events. They als keep in m （9） the histry and stries behind them t better shw the beauty f Shugang and Beijing t guests. “Peple say vlunteering is abut g （10）， but I've gt a lt thrugh being a vlunteer — the hnr and the praise, as well as the grwing persnal skills,” said Jiang.
Passage 6（2023紅橋區(qū)三模）
Lenard da Vinci（萊昂納多·達·芬奇）was brn n April 15th, 1452 in a nrthern Italian twn. He is c （1） ne f the greatest painters f all time.He is still f （2） tday because f the Mna Lisa and ther wellknwn paintings. H （3）， nt many peple knw he was als an engineer and an inventr.
Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pineer in many areas. He drew plans and pictures and w （4） abut his many ideas in his diaries.Since he died n May 2nd, 1519, peple have been learning frm them.They included plans fr an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings f musical i （5）， flying machines and machines fr war, such as guns(槍).
Since many f da Vinci's inventins were ahead f their time, they were nly tested hundreds f years later.Because he culdn't test them, nt all f da Vinci's plans wrked ut as well as he wished.Hwever, sme f his ideas w （6） well.Fr example, ne f his bridges was finally built 500 years a （7） it was drawn and flying machines, such as helicpters, are very cmmn nw.
Sme think da Vinci wanted t keep his ideas secret as he wrte his diary in cde(密碼). O （8） think it was just easier fr him t write this way because he was lefthanded. Either way, da Vinci's d （9） can nly be read with a mirrr because everything is written backwards.As it t （10） sme time t translate the diaries, they were published(出版) mre than 150 years after his death.
2025年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：綜合填空 專題練習(xí)題·教師版
科普知識類
Passage 1(2024天津）
Lng ag, the early peple did nt live in huses as we d tday. Mst f the hmes were in caves r shelters(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘hmes’ were nly used as temprary (臨時的) shelters t prtect （1） them frm the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the frests. Men f that time were called ‘cave peple’.
These ‘cave peple’ usually lived in small grups and life was nt easy （2） fr them. They had t mve frm place t place t search （3） fr fd. They wuld hunt, fish r pick wild fruit. When they culdn't find anything （4） t eat, they wuld leave t find anther prper place. Their tls were very simple. They ate raw(生的) fd until （5） they learnt hw t make a fire. Fr clthing, they used nly the bark(樹皮) f trees r the skins(皮) f animals t cver （6） their bdies.
Hwever, the lives f the ‘cave peple' changed. They cllected the seeds(種子) f wild plants that grew （7） in the frests. Sn they learnt t plant fruit, vegetables and ther crps. They als kept cws, sheep and ther kinds f farm animals （8） fr milk, meat and skins. They became farmers （9） and lived in nly ne certain area. Their grups became larger （10） than befre as they lived mre settled(固定的) lives. They built huses as lng-lasting hmes, and as a result, villages and twns develped quickly. The ‘cave peple’ began t be civilized(文明的).
Passage 2(2018天津）
Hw d we knw the time? A clck, a watch r a cell phne can help us. Hwever, many years ag there were n clcks and knwing the time was nt s easy. Over the centuries peple have develped different ways （1） f telling the time.
Abut 5，500 years ag, the Egyptians invented （2） the sun clck. This was a tall stne structure. Its shadw(影子)shwed the mvement f the sun （3）. They were able t determine (測定)midday.
Abut 3，500 years ag, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clck and culd measure(測量) the time fr half a day. On cludy （4） days r at night it was impssible t tell the time with a sun clck r a sundial.
Water clcks were the first （5） clcks nt t use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flws(流動)frm ne cntainer(容器)t anther. When the water reaches a certain level （6）， it mves a lever(控制桿) and this shws the hurs. The Egyptians used water clcks abut 3，400 years ag. These clcks were ppular in the Middle East and China but they failed （7） t keep accurate(精確的) time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clck was invented. This was mre accurate， but （8） was expensive t make. Over the next few centuries it was develped. Fr example， springs(發(fā)條) were added arund 1500. This imprved （9） accuracy and allwed clcks t be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clck was develped. Clcks became cheaper t build and wn. Peple began depending n them mre and mre t run businesses, markets and s n.
Mre recently, in 1956, came the digital clck. And nwadays satellites(人造衛(wèi)星) send ur cell phnes the time t the exact secnd. There has been a lt f prgress in timekeeping but sme things never change （10）. Man f us still have truble getting ut f bed n time and nt missing appintments.
Passage 3(2024河北區(qū)一模）
Lng lng ag, peple arund the wrld did nt have mney. They traded animals r plants fr things they wanted.
In China, in abut 1200 BC, peple used shells(殼) t buy what （1） they wanted. Later, in abut 1000 BC, metal(金屬) mney appeared （2）. Metal tls like （3） knives were first used as mney. The early metal mney then develped int the riginal(最早的) cins. In abut 100 BC, Chinese peple began t make mney ut f animal skin(皮). The first paper mney was made frm white deerskin(鹿皮). In all， China experienced mre than 500 years f using the early paper mney.
Outside f China, the first cins were made ut f gld r silver. In abut 700 BC, peple made the first metal cins. These early cins were first seen in Lydia, which is part f Turkey nw. The shape f these cins is rund （4）. They lked very similar t the cins we use tday. After cins were made in Lydia, peple in Rme, Iran, and Greece began making cins. The cins were very strng and wuld nt be easily （5） brken. At the beginning f the 19th century, gld became ppular （6） in England and the US. Mre and mre peple began t use it. Later, paper mney came int use, and it has been used fr several hundred （7） years.
Mney changes （8） with time. Tday, electrnic technlgy （9） develps rapidly. It's cnvenient fr us t pay ver （10） the Internet. N matter what it lks like, mney is an idea. It is the thught that peple can trade smething they have fr smething they want. Mney makes trading easier.
Passage 4【文化傳承】(2024西青區(qū)一模）
The Lantern Festival falls n the 15th day f the first lunar mnth. This day is always the first full mn in the new year. Ancient peple als called （1） it Shangyuan Festival. Celebratins and traditins （2） n this day began frm the Han Dynasty(朝代) and became ppular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red lanterns （3） is ne f the main traditins. Lanterns f different shapes and sizes are usually put n trees, r alng （4） river banks n shw. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kngming t ask fr help when he was in truble. Tday, when the lanterns slwly rise （5） int the air, peple make wishes.
Anther traditin is guessing （6） lantern riddles(謎語). The riddles are usually shrt, wise, and smetimes humrus(幽默的). The answer t a riddle can be a Chinese character(漢字), a famus persn's name, r a name f a place.
The mst imprtant/interesting （7） thing is t eat sweet dumplings with different tastes, because they are symbls f reunin and wishes fr gd luck. In nrthern China, they are called yuanxia while （8） in suthern part they're named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game r an activity, they are usually dne happily by a grup f friends r relatives （9）.
I n ld times, the Lantern Festival was als rmantic(浪漫的). Watching （10） lanterns gave yung peple a chance t meet each ther. A line frm Xin Qiji, a pet during the Sng Dynasty, shws this:
Hundreds and thusands f times I searched fr her in the crwd. Suddenly I turned, and there she std, in the dim light.
Passage 5(2024紅橋區(qū)一模）
Did yu knw that tea， the mst ppular drink in the wrld, was invented by accident(偶然的)? Many peple believe that tea was first drunk abut 5，000 years ag. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nng was the first （1） t discver tea as a drink. One day Shen Nng was biling(煮) drinking water ver an pen fire. Sme leaves （2） frm a tea plant fell int the water and remained there fr sme time. It prduced a nice smell, s （3） he tasted the brwn water. It was quite delicius （4）， and s, ne f the wrld's favrite drinks was invented.
A few thusand years later （5）， Lu Yu, “the saint(圣人) f the tea”, mentined Shen Nng in his bk Cha Jing. The bk describes hw tea plants were grwn and used t make tea. It als discusses where the finest tea leaves were prduced and what kinds f water were used.
It is believed that tea was brught （6） t Krea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear （7） until arund 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had becme the natinal drink. The tea trade frm China t Western cuntries tk （8） place in the 19th century. This helped （9） t spread the ppularity f tea and the tea plant t mre places arund the wrld. Even thugh many peple nw knw abut tea culture （10），the Chinese are withut dubt the nes wh best understand the nature f tea.
Passage 6(2024紅橋區(qū)二模）
Bdy language is an imprtant frm f cmmunicatin that is used everywhere, althugh （1） we dn't ften think abut it. Sme messages are understd by peple arund the wrld just because they are nt cmmunicated （2） by wrds. Fr example, in many cuntries, peple nd their heads t shw agreement and they put their fingers up t their muths t ask fr silence（3）.
Hwener （4）， bdy language is used differently in different cultures. Fr example, in sme Western cultures, peple shrug(聳肩) their shulders t shw they dn't understand r they dn't care abut smething. This isn't cmmn in ther （5） places. In Japan, peple bw （6） t shw respect(尊敬) when they greet each ther r say gdbye. This isn't dne in the West.
Smetimes, peple think they knw abut the bdy language custms f certain cultures, but in fact, they dn't knw enugh. Kissing is an example that we need t learn （7） abut. In many Eurpean cultures，wmen and children are kissed n each cheek(臉頰) by family members r friends when they meet （8） in the street. New friends are ften greeted with a kiss n the cheek by Eurpeans at parties. In the Middle East, yu must be careful （9） abut yur feet. It is very rude t shw the bttm f yur shes when yu rest ne leg n tp （10） f the ther. It is als nt plite t tuch peple with yur shes.
S, as we can see，bdy language is just as imprtant as spken language when we cmmunicate with peple frm ther cultures.
Passage 7【文化傳承】(2024南開區(qū)二模）
The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very ppular flwer in China. The beautiful flwer has many meanings （1） in Chinese culture.
The chrysanthemum is knwn （2） as ne f the “Fur Gentlemen in Plants”. The ther three are the plum blssm，the rchid, and bamb. In the past, they std fr nble(高尚的) qualities.
The chrysanthemum cmes ut in bright clrs during cld autumn （3） days when mst flwers die. They are beautiful, strng and tugh. The flwer thus greatly inspired(啟發(fā)) ancient Chinese pets. They spke highly f its beauty and als used the chrysanthemum t represent(代表) their pinins （4） in their wrks.
Ta Yuanming was a famus （5） pet. He nce wrte a pem abut living as a hermit (隱士). He described hw he lved the chrysanthemum and used it t shw his spirit （6） in the pem.
“I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar tward the suthern muntains(采菊東籬下,悠然見南山),” Ta wrte in his pem. Since then, the chrysanthemum has becme the symbl （7） f the hermit. But the chrysanthemum is nt nly fund in Chinese pems.It is als a part （8） f Chinese fd.
The Chngyang Festival falls n the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar year. On that day, drinking wine made frm chrysanthemums is a ppular traditin. Chrysanthemum tea is als usually seen n Chinese dinner tables. It tastes great. Peple believe it is gd fr ne's health especially （9） fr eyes.
In a wrd, the chrysanthemum has influenced （10） peple's life deeply and widely.
Passage 8(2024紅橋區(qū)三模）
Sme peple believe that humans culd live n the planet Mars by the year 2100.Our wn planet, the Earth, is becming （1） mre and mre crwded and plluted because f the rapid increase in ppulatin. It is hped that peple culd start all ver again and build a better wrld n Mars. Here is what life there culd be like （2）.
At present, ur spacecraft are t slw t carry large numbers f passengers t Mars — it wuld take （3） mnths. With the develpment f technlgy （4）， by the year 2100, the jurney might nly take abut 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed(速度) f light! Hwever, the spacecraft wuld travel s fast （5） that the jurney t Mars might be quite uncmfrtable. Many peple wuld feel ill.
Humans cannt survive(生存) withut （6） water, xygen r fd. S far, nbdy knws whether there wuld be enugh water r xygen n Mars fr peple there.
Mrever, scientists are nt sure （7） whether plants culd grw n Mars. Fd wuld mst prbably be in the frm f pills and wuld nt be s tasty.
Cmpared （8） with life n the Earth, life n Mars wuld be better in sme ways. Peple wuld have mre space. They might live in huses with huge cmfrtable rms. Als, rbts wuld d mst f their wrk s that they culd have mre time t relax （9）.
There wuld prbably be n schls n Mars. Every student wuld have a cmputer at hme cnnected t an interplanetary(行星間的)netwrk. They wuld study at nline schls with “e-teachers”.
Life （10） n Mars wuld be interesting as well as challenging.
Passage 9（2023西青區(qū)二模）
Sme peple believe clrs can influence ur mds. Yu may wnder whether it's true. In fact, clrs can change ur mds and make us feel happy r sad, energetic r sleepy. This article explains what clrs can d and what characteristics they represent(代表).
Calm clrs
Have yu ever walked int a rm and felt relaxed? It culd be because the walls were painted blue. Blue is a calm clr. It brings peace （1） t ur mind and bdy. Blue can als represent sadness, s yu may say “I'm feeling blue” when yu are feeling sad （2）.White is anther calm clr. It is als the clr f purity. Many wmen like t wear （3） white n their wedding day.
Warm clrs
Sme clrs, such as range and yellw, can make yu feel warm. Peple in cld areas prefer warm clrs in their hmes t create （4） a warm and cmfrtable feeling.
Orange represents jy. It can cheer （5） yu up when yu are feeling sad. Yellw is the clr f the sun, s it can remind yu f a warm sunny day. Yellw is als the clr f wisdm. Sme peple prefer this clr when they hpe fr success （6）.
Energetic clrs
When （7） yu feel tired r weak, yu shuld wear energetic clrs like green. Green can give yu energy （8）， as it is the clr f nature and represents new life. Hwever, it is als the clr f envy, s we may say smene is “green with envy”.
Strng clrs
If yu require strength in （9） either bdy r mind, red may be f sme help t yu. Red is the clr f heat. It represents pwer and strng feelings. Wearing red can als make it （10） easier t take actin. This may help when yu are having difficulty making a decisin.
生活啟示類
Passage 1(2023天津）
A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he r she is pleased （1） with sme prgress in studies. Or a persn may smile if a friend tells a funny jke. There are ther gd reasns （2） t smile ften.
First, it is easier （3） t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles(肌肉) t smile. On the ther hand, it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur face （4） a rest and smile!
Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t lk （5） nice by exercising r wearing nice clthes. Hwever, peple ften say a smile is the best thing a persn can wear. That is because it is easy t be arund （6） smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t stay with smene wh is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have pwer(感染力). Bth smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread （7） frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him r her want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend(往往會) t laugh with him r her. If a persn is sad （8）， the best thing t d is t share a smile r a laugh. It is the easiest way t cheer smene up.
Finally （9）， smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy.Even thugh yu are sad, try smiling.Yu'll find that it will be difficult t stay （10） sad fr very lng!
Passage 2(2020天津)
Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme”?This is just anther way f saying that it's nice （1） t be hme! A lt f the peple and things we lve are at hme.
What d yu like abut being at hme?
What d yu like best abut being at hme? Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters.Maybe yu enjy （2） staying with yur mum and dad. Maybe yu have a pet yu like t play with.Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.
Yur bedrm is anther （3） thing that makes hme special.Yur tys, yur bks, and yur favurite things are in yur bedrm.Cnsider what yu like best abut yur rm.Is it hw it lks? Is it yur cmfrtable bed （4） that yu sleep n?Maybe yu like t have a quiet （5） place t read a bk r t think abut yur day.
Mealtime can be a special time at hme. Families sit arund the table t eat the fd Mum r Dad has prepared. It's a time t share interesting stries （6） abut yur day.
Hw d yu help at hme?
There are a lt f things t d t make hme a special place.Wh des the chres(家庭雜務(wù)) like （7） cleaning, cking, and yardwrk(庭院勞動) at yur huse?When families wrk tgether （8） t d the chres, it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne. Maybe yu can help （9） lay the dinner table r clear the places. Maybe yu can pull weeds(草) ut f the flwer garden. Maybe yu can water the vegetable garden r the huseplants. Think abut what yu can d, s that when （10） yu cme hme every day, yu can say, “Hme, sweet hme!”
Passage 3（2024濱海新區(qū)一模)
We can't remember clearly when we started t take ur mbile phnes t a dinner table. This happens a lt, especially （1） when we eat ut. Once a dish cmes, instead f lifting ur chpsticks, we take （2） ut ur mbile phnes and click. Later, we pst the phts nt Weib r WeChat， waiting t be “l(fā)iked”. Then we check ur mbile phnes frm time t time during the meal t see whether we get “l(fā)iked” r nt. We just cannt leave（3） ur mbile phnes fr nly a meal.
A recent study suggests that spending time taking phts f fd makes the fd nt s gd. T test this, sme researchers did an experiment （4）. Sme peple were asked t take phts befre they culd enjy fd. As a result, it shwed that the mre phts they tk, the less delicius （5） the fd seemed t them.
Besides the scientific(科學(xué)的) result, there are als sme ther bad influences f taking phts f fd befre （6） meals. After psting the phts nt the Internet, ne will nt be able t cntrl （7） himself and check his mbile phne many times. “Des everyne like my phts? I hpe a lt f peple like them （8）!” It seems that yur mbile phne secretly calls yur name all the time, even when yu are with real peple.
S, next time yu g ut t have dinner with yur family （9） r friends, hw abut nt taking phts f fd? Let the fd be delicius as it is and share （10） yur life with peple arund yu. Trust me, it will be a wnderful time.
Passage 4（2023河西區(qū)一模）
One day, a lvely girl fund tw weak birds while she was walking in the wds. She tk them hme and put （1） them in a small cage(鳥籠). She fed them with lve and the birds grew strng. Every mrning they greeted her with a beautiful sng. The girl lved them very much and wanted their singing t last （2） frever(永遠).
One day, the girl left the cage's dr pen （3）. The larger and strnger ne f the tw birds flew ut f the cage. The girl watched wrriedly as it circled high abve （4） her. She was afraid that it wuld fly away and she wuld never see it again （5）. S when it flew clse, she grasped(抓住) at it wildly. She was s happy （6） that she held it tightly(緊緊地) in her hand! Suddenly, she felt that smething happened t the bird. She was surprised t find the bird was dead （7）. She was very sad.
She nticed the ther bird jumping up and dwn in the cage. She culd feel that it wanted t be free. It hped t fly in the clear, blue sky （8）. She lifted it frm the cage and flew it int the air.
While/When （9） the bird was flying happily in the sky, she was s glad. She watched the bird circling nce, twice, three times…
T her surprise, the bird flew back clser and sat sftly n her shulder （10）. It sang the sweetest sng she had ever heard.
The fastest way t lse lve is t hld it tightly. The best way t keep lve is t let it fly.
Passage 5（2023和平區(qū)二模)
I remember the day when I first learned t ride a bike. It was a frightening, yet fun experience. My grandfather was the ne wh taught me and he helped me when I gt hurt. The first time I gt n a bike, I had n idea what （1） I was ding, and just abut everything went wrng. My grandfather tld me t just put my feet n the pedals(腳蹬子) and start cycling. He als tld me he wuld hld nt the back （2） f the bike the whle time, yet he didn't.
As sn as I started trying t balance myself, he let the bike g. I happened t lk back just then. I was scared t death that I was ging t fall and hurt myself （3）. When I was scared, my mind went blank frm cycling, and I just wanted ff. I frgt hw t use the brakes(車閘) and fell right （4） ff the bike. My grandfather kept encuraging （5） me t get up and try again and after abut 15 minutes, I finally stpped crying, gt up and tried again.
As sn as I started riding again, my pants gt caught in the chain, and I fell flat n my face and hit （6） my nse. As a result, my grandfather decided （7） t call it a day and try again the next mrning. The next mrning I wke up brightly and early, and was very eager t try t ride my bike. Perhaps my nse felt better, s I wasn't s afraid （8） f falling anymre.
Even thugh I knew there were a lt f difficulties （9） n the way t mastering the skills in riding a bike, I believed I culd d well with my grandfather's help. After all, riding a bike was a basic （10） skill which I wanted t learn eagerly at such a yung age. Even till nw, I still hld the heart and passin in my life.
Passage 6（2023南開區(qū)二模）
Many bks have been written abut “the art f giving”. But what abut the art f receiving? Smetimes, receiving a gift can be difficult, especially when smene buys yu a gift yu dn't want （1）!
“I remember when I was abut twelve years ld, my parents gave （2） me a purple schlbag,” says Xiajing. “It really made me feel embarrassed(尷尬的)， because I thught the schlbag was really ugly!Still, I pretended(假裝) that I liked/lved （3） it because I knew it wuld make my parents happy!”
Lingling agrees （4）.“That sunds like my grandparents! A few years ag, my grandparents bught me an range sweater fr my birthday. I used t wear it every time I visited them, but I tk it ff immediately （5） as sn as I left their huse! Of curse, this made me feel srry. It was a very nice thught, but my grandparents have different taste frm me!I think it's hard t buy clthes （6）r ther persnal things fr peple.”
T make things easier, sme peple just （7） use mney as a gift. In sme cultures, hwever, receiving mney can make peple uncmfrtable. “When smene gives me mney, it nly makes me think they're being lazy,” says Jhn. “In England, we have a saying: It's the thught that cunts. If smene gives me mney, I feel they dn't think at all. I prefer （8） t receive a gift that has sme thught behind it. I dn't mind （9） if it's smething that I dn't need. If smene has thught abut a gift fr me, it always makes me happy.”
Different peple have very different thughts n this subject （10）! S maybe the art f receiving is even mre difficult than the art f giving!What d yu think?
Passage 7（2023濱海新區(qū)二模）
In the past, whenever I was wrking twards a gal(目標(biāo)), I wuld meet ne prblem ver and ver again. Fr the first few days, I wuld be excited （1） t d the wrk.But it never lasted fr a lng time.Day by day, I fell int a lazy situatin.
After years f effrts, I fund ut the best way t vercme(克服) this prblem （2）:use the pwer f respnsibility(責(zé)任).Generally, t push urselves t cmplete （3） a task, we need t tell the task t ther peple.We can tell it t thse peple wh we trust.
Take new year's reslutins(決心) as an example. Peple set gd gals: dn't smke r eat little/less （4） junk fd.But they usually give up in a few days.This is because （5） they nly depend n themselves. S, after the excitement at the beginning, peple fall back int ld habits quickly （6）.
A better way t turn yur new year's reslutin int success （7） is t lk fr a few partners(伙伴) t supervise(監(jiān)督) yu. Fr example, yu can start a small grup f abut three r fur peple wh all have new year's gals. Make a weekly r mnthly reprt t share （8） yur prgress and next gals with each ther.In this way, yu can create a system in yur envirnment that helps yu t keep （9） active.
If yu have a gal yu want t achieve, make sure t have smene as （10） ur partner.In return, yu can be a partner fr them.Then yu create a gd partnership that will speed(加速) up yur steps t success.
Passage 8(2023部分區(qū)二模)
One day Fred's aunt sent him a new spade(鐵鍬) and a small bx f seeds(種子). As sn as he gt them, he went ut t his wn garden t plant the seeds.
His sister Jane went with him （1）. As he dug, she std near him and talked t him with the bx f seeds in her hand. As Jane spke, she drpped the bx f seeds n the grund （2） by mistake. All the seeds fell ut. Jane was afraid and said （3） srry t Fred, but Fred didn't speak t her.
“Oh, Fred.” she cried. “Why dn't yu speak t me?”
Fred answered, “I wanted t wait till （4） I culd cunt t ten.”
“Cunt t ten,” said Jane. “Why did yu want t cunt t ten?”
“Aunt nce tld me t cunt t ten befre I spke, if I felt angry. I knw that I am ften angry with yu, and I wanted t d the right thing this （5） time,” said Fred.
“Oh, Fred. Hw （6） gd yu are! It was very careless f me t let the seeds fall, but （7） I have cllected them again. Here they are.”
The seeds were put int the grund, and day by （8） day Fred and Jane came t watch them grw. At last, a lt f small green leaves （9） appeared abve the grund. They sn grew larger and had pretty （10） flwers, making the children very happy.
Befre yu speak t fast in anger, cunt t ten, and if yu are still angry, cunt again.
Passage 9(2023東麗區(qū)二模)
Peple are playing vide games everywhere these days, whether they're riding a bus r sitting in a restaurant. Sme f them enjy （1） these games s much that they can't put them dwn.
But is this a healthy habit? The Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO) desn't think （2） s. In June, it named “gaming disrder(障礙)” as a mental disrder in its Internatinal Classificatin f Diseases, CNN reprted.
“Gaming disrder” refers t persistent(持續(xù)的) r recurrent(反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的) videgaming behavir, whether nline r ffline. Of curse, nt everyne wh plays vide games has this disrder. It has three main （3） characteristics(特征).
The first sign is when the player lses cntrl （4） ver his r her gaming habits. The secnd is when playing games becmes mre imprtant than ther activities （5） fr the player. The third is when the cnditin leads t serius prblems in the player's persnal and family life. Many experts have welcmed the decisin. It is believed that new ways t treat （6） this disrder will appear fllwing the WHO classificatin.
In fact, sme cuntries are already wrking t slve （7） this prblem. Suth Krea has intrduced a law stpping children under 16 frm playing nline games between midnight and 6 am, USA Tday reprted. Chinese tech cmpany Tencent is als setting limits(限制) n the amunt （8）f time that teenagers can play its games. Children between 12 and 18 years ld can nly play tw hurs per day.
If yu have “gaming disrder”, yu shuld ask （9） fr prfessinal medical help. But yu can use delayed gratificatin(延遲滿足) t deal with it, if yur cnditin is nt serius, the Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences pinted that ut.
Fr example, if yu tell yurself nt t play any vide games n weekdays, yu can allw yurself t play fr three hurs during the weekend. Or if yu really want t play them after schl, yu can tell yurself that yu cannt d s until（10） yu have finished yur hmewrk.
社會生活類
Passage 1(2022天津)
In the small villages f Kenya(肯尼亞), Africa, mst kids want t read bks.But n rads g t their hmes, nly miles and miles f sand. Cars and trucks are nt useful, s （1） library bks arrive n the backs f camels.Camels can handle(應(yīng)付)the sand and the bks.Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian(圖書管理員) walk （2） t the villages tgether. One camel carries abut 180 kils f bks, and the ther carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shws the bks （3） t the kids inside. Tw weeks later, the camels cme （4） back with new bks.
Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand(泰國) get bks in a different （5） way. Their “l(fā)ibraries （6）” are carried by elephants.These animals can handle the difficult jurney. Because they are large, they can carry many bks in metal cases(金屬箱). The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains that fall （7） in the area.
Indnesia(印度尼西亞) has its wn difficulties.The cuntry has ver 17,000 islands. Mst peple travel （8） by bat and they als carry their bks by bat. A library bat hlds(容納) abut 500 bks in bxes. Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded(交換) fr new bks a few weeks later （9）.
Fr peple wh live far and can't get t a library, a library that cmes t them brings mre than bks.It brings a whle wrld （10） f infrmatin.
Passage 2(2019天津）
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge(挑戰(zhàn)).They didn't have a schl fr their kids.
Then the village elder thught f an idea （1）.He said that there was an ld, abandned(廢棄的) farmhuse. It culd be changed int classrms after cleaning and furnishing(裝設(shè)備) it. All the villagers were pleased （2） with his suggestin and started the prject immediately.
The parents repaired the brken walls.Sme villagers divided （3） the huse int three classrms by using pieces f wd. The thers helped make desks and chairs fr the students. Still, there was much mre wrk t d. But the rains were cming. They had t stp （4） wrking fr the schl as it was nw the best time fr them t plant.
S the children f Mhangeni decided t finish the huse by themselves （5）. They had t hurry as summer had ended and ther schls had already pened.They didn't want t delay(耽擱) their studies.Every day they were busy with wrk like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news abut the prject spread （6） and many peple knew it.Tw teachers wh wrked fr the cuntry's Department f Educatin arrived t help ut, and tw freign visitrs were als tuched(感動) by the children's actins （7）. They dnated mney fr them t buy textbks and statinery.
After 10 days f hard wrk, the new schl was ready （8）.The kids were very happy but a bit wrried — they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除……之外) this, they als faced many difficulties （9）.There were nt enugh classrms t hld all the students.And tw r three students had t share ne bk.
Hwever, the children are happy t study in schl — especially （10） in their new schl which they helped t build. Thugh their schl might nt be mdern, their dream f having a schl near their hmes has cme true.
Passage 3(2024河?xùn)|區(qū)一模）
The 6th Wrld Intelligence Cngress(WIC) was held nline in Tianjin n June 24, 2022. It brught famus guests tgether, including （1） Nbel Prize and Turing Award winners. As ne f the leading events in the field f smart technlgy, it had made many（ 2） great achievements in the past five years and pushed the develpment f nextgeneratin AI. Here are a few f the mst imprtant pints.
First, a huge （3） number f latest scientific and technlgical achievements have been exhibited(展覽). In past years, varius prducts and technlgies （4） have been exhibited, such as rbts that perfrm in the rchestra, smart hmes and smrat transprt.
Secnd, internatinal （5） exchanges and cperatin(交流與合作) have been deepened. The Glbal Frum n Urban Gvernance(城市治理全球論壇) was als held in 2021, with leaders frm 41 cuntries （6）， and rganizatins jining and finding develpment thrugh twway learning. By hlding the high-level WIC, Tianjin has becme （7） an even larger platfrm fr internatinal cperatin in mre fields.
Third, intelligent technlgy has been deeply （8） integrated(融入)int scial develpment. The hst city Tianjin builds a natinal advanced manufacturing R&D base(先進制造業(yè)研發(fā)基地).It is puring new pwer int （9） the city's high-quality develpment.
Li Hngzhng said Tianjin has been aiming t be a pineer(先驅(qū))in AI develpment and made a series f achievements ver the past five years. Tianjin will try its （10） best t make manufacturing a main pwer fr the city's develpment and deepen the refrm(改革) f the lcal science and technlgy management system.
Passage 4(2024部分區(qū)一模）
Have yu ever wndered what PE classes are like in ther cuntries? In China, PE tests are required t graduate(畢業(yè)) frm bth （1） middle schl and high schl. T get gd grades n the PE tests, Chinese students will need t practice/practise （2） running and ding situps and pullups(引體向上). Hwever （3）， this is nt the way that PE classes wrk in the US high schls.
In my high schl, we are required t take tw semesters(學(xué)期) f PE t graduate. We play real sprts during PE classes, such as basketball and vlleyball （4）. There are als sme ther typical(種類) America sprts that we ften play，such as kickball and ddgeball(躲避球).I didn't knw the rules （5） f kickball and ddgeball when I first came t the US. The teacher allwed me t sit n the sidelines, and watch （6） hw ther students played it in rder t let me figure ut(弄清楚) the rules.
We als learn sme useful life skills in PE. Last year, I learned hw t d CPR（心肺復(fù)蘇),which is a life-saving skill. We were als taught hw t prvide （7） first aid t smene wh is chking(窒息). These skills are a large part f the final grade fr the PE class in my high （8） schl. Self-defense(自衛(wèi)) is taught in PE class as well （9）. This includes sme taekwnd(跆拳道), karate(空手道) skills and Chinese kung fu. It is practical.
I prefer （10）PE classes in the US t the nes in China. I think they are mre fun and useful. What d yu think?
Passage 5(2024河西區(qū)一模）
Traditinal Chinese Medicine(TCM) is used t help peple keep the balance f yin and yang. But have yu ever imagined that ne day yu can learn herb(藥草) planting and TCM curses at schl?
A primary schl in Nanjing has just pened （1） a herb farm. Mre than 30 herbs are planted （2）. Students there are guided(指導(dǎo)) by dctrs frm a TCM hspital t tell different （3） herbs and learn plant develpment, medicinal value as well as grwing herbs. The hspital has als dnated ver 100 cartn bks abut TCM t help draw children's attentin （4） in herbal medicine.
Anther middle schl has intrduced （5） TCM curses t students f all grades.
These curses cntain a basic knwledge （6） f herbs, herb planting and cking with herbs.
They give students a deeper understanding f TCM, bringing ut their sense f pride （7） in Chinese traditins and the cuntry's rich culture.
Als in Shanghai, Tngji University has prvided （8） freign students with sme chances t plant different kinds f herbs widely （9） used in Chinese medicine and cking. By taking care f the plants, freign students can get firsthand experience f making herbal medicine frm start t finish, and spread TCM culture t their wn （10） cuntries.
The herb planting curses at schls and universities acrss China get students clse t TCM and help pass n the traditin.
Passage 6（2023河北區(qū)一模)
Mst f us have spent time at a museum, lking at and learning abut the things there. Every year, museums put a lt f mney and wrk int keeping their bjects(物品) in gd cnditin （1）. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right （2）， and that the air isn't t wet.
Hwever, even if all f them are crrect, sme things can still be harmful t a valuable bject — insects(昆蟲). Often they enter the museum inside the bject itself. They may als （3） be brught in by accident n visitrs' clthes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly mve （4） frm ne bject t anther, and they enjy eating natural material(材料) such as wd, cttn, silk and wl.
Museum experts(專家) say that the lder the bjects are, the mre the insects seem t like them. That's a prblem because these things can't easily （5） be repaired. As a result, museums will try almst anything t stp （6） insects frm harming their cllectins. Fr example, a new bject will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff(工作人員) are sure there are n insects inside, it can be put n shw. If insects are fund （7） in a piece f clthing r art, placing it in a freezer(冷凍柜) is ne way f getting rid f(除掉) them.
But nw ne museum in the US has decided t try smething new. They are training （8） a dg t find insects. Dgs have an excellent （9） sense f smell. Usually the dg sits dwn t shw what it has fund. Staff at the Museum f Fine Arts, Bstn hpe that their dg, Riley, will learn t d this when it finds insects. They say that at the mment it's just an experiment. Hwever, if Riley can help find insects befre （10） they d a lt f harm, ther museums are sure t be interested.
事物介紹類
Passage 1(2021天津）
Electric cars may seem like a recent inventin, but they've been arund fr years. In the early 1900s, there were mre electric cars n the rad than there were petrl(汽油) cars. At that time, petrl was expensive （1） cmpared with ther fuels(燃料). When （2） petrl prices drpped and new technlgies were develped,electric cars went ut f fashin(過時).Instead, petrl cars became mre ppular （3） because they culd travel lnger distances(距離) withut stpping.
During the 20th century, petrl cars gt bigger, heavier, and faster.They needed mre fuel, and it caused （4） mre air pllutin. Fr years, car makers didn't wrry abut pllutin.They didn't wrry abut the amunt f petrl cars used, either （5）.But when peple began t realise that there was nt enugh il n the earth, they asked car makers t prduce mre efficient(高效能的) and less plluting cars.
One methd （6） f slving the prblem was a “hybrid” car(混合動力車), ne that ran partly n petrl and partly n electricity. Hybrid cars became ppular in the 2000s when petrl prices went up and the prices f hybrid cars went dwn （7）.
An all-electric car uses n petrl.The prblem, hwever, is that car batteries(電池) need t be recharged(再充電).That makes electric cars nt s useful fr lng jurneys （8）. Many peple are nt pleased （9） with it.The gvernment and car makers are wrking （10） tgether t develp safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.When peple have these cars in the future, a petrl statin may be a thing f the past.
Passage 2【科技創(chuàng)新】(2024南開區(qū)一模）
D yu ever find yurself standing in frnt f rubbish bins, nt sure whether the piece f waste in yur hand is recyclable r nt? T slve （1） this prblem, fur Hng Kng high schl students have invented （2） a small rubbish bin that uses AI t srt(分類).
Cnnected t a cmputer, the bin uses a camera t tell the kind f the waste it receives and srts it int plastic, paper, r ther （3） kinds. T make sure the bin can srt waste crrectly, the team tested every prduct in the schl shp and tk （4） at least 500 pictures f each ne, s the AI system has a better rate f accuracy(精準(zhǔn)度).
The idea （5） f the smart bin was brn tw years ag, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, peple frm the city crwded int their village. They left behind a lt f rubbish and caused （6） mre pllutin.“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish n the muntain. We had t pick up the waste every weekend，” the students recalled.
The students decided t develp a special recycling bin that wuld encurage peple t prtect the envirnment （7）. They wrked hard. The team wuld cntinue t wrk n their inventin until 6 r 7 p.m. at schl, althugh （8） schl ended at 2 p.m. Frm time t time, they met and wrked tgether nline.
“Our bin is nw in its third generatin(代). Befre graduatin, we hpe （9） it can be widely used in the city,” The students said. “Then it will be easier （10） than ever fr peple t recycle waste.”
Passage 3(2024河?xùn)|區(qū)二模）
Hw can yu d calculatins(計算) quickly? These days, yu are able （1） t use a calculatr(計算器). But hw abut peple in ancient times? In the very beginning, the cleverest amng them thught f using stnes. Then, arund the 2nd century B.C. Chinese began （2） t use the abacuses(算盤).Nw sme researchers cnsider （3） it t be the wrld's ldest calculatr. In China, peple used abacuses t d calculatins fr thusands f years befre （4） electrnic calculatrs became ppular.
The abacus is usually made f wd. It has many beads(珠子). Each bead abve the hrizntal divider(水平分隔器) stands （5） fr five, and each bead belw the divider means ne. By mving the beads with fingers up r dwn, ne can d all kinds f calculatins.
It is great t watch a skilled hand use an abacus. Yu can watch fingers （6） mve and beads knck. And after a few secnds, the result cmes ut. Thrugh lts f practice （7）， yu can use the abacus well. In the past, the abacus was used in all schls. It was cnsidered t be a basic （8） skill that everybdy needed t pick up.
Tday, perhaps （9） yu can hardly see abacuses because they are n lnger widely used. Hwever， we can still feel the imprtant rle they nce played. Abacuses have becme a symbl f much mney. Sme have cme t believe （10） that abacuses can bring their wners wealth. Peple ften give a new baby a glden abacus-shaped amulet(護身符) as a present. It is thught that the amulet will help the kid grw up and becme a rich persn.
Passage 4(2024西青區(qū)二模）
E-bk is shrt fr electrnic bk. It is usually read n persnal cmputers. Sme mbile phnes can als be used t read （1） e-bks.
Earlier e-bks were written fr a small grup f readers and were abut nly a few subjects （2）. With the develpment （3） f the Internet, knwledge and answers t a lt f questins mainly cme frm e-bks. This is why the e-bk business is increasing mre quickly （4）.
E-bks have many advantages. First，they save time. We dn't need t g t a bkstre t buy bks. Besides, we can find the tpic we want t knw abut n the Internet, and then （5） we can quickly get many e-bks n similar tpics. Secnd, e-bks save mney. Sme e-bks cst a little mney, and there are millins f e-bks n the Internet which （6） we can get fr free. Third, mre fees are saved because e-bks dn't need t be printed （7） n paper. Furth, e-bks make reading mre cnvenient(方便). We can carry a whle library f hundreds f bks with （8） us in a small cmputer r any e-bk reader withut wrrying abut their weight.
But e-bks have certain disadvantages. They need a persnal cmputer r an e-bk reader and the infrmatin can be lst （9） if its file frmat(文件格式)is nt supprted r changed in the reader's cmputer.
Hwever, e-bks prvide （10） us with a new way f reading. That is gd.
Passage 5(2024濱海新區(qū)二模）
Fr thusands f years，rice has been central n the table f the Chinese diet. All ver the cuntry tday, cuntless numbers f peple begin their day with （1） a bwl f rice prridge. In fact, fr many, especially in suthern China, n meal is cmplete （2） withut a helping f steamed rice(米飯).
A key part f everyday meals， rice is als a highlight f traditinal Chinese fd/festival(s) （3）.
Nianga, a cake made frm sticky rice flur(粘米面), is a ppular （4） Spring Festival fd. As ga sunds （5） the same sund as高, meaning “high” in Chinese, the eating f nianga is believed （6） t imprve status (地位) in the new year.
The Lantern Festival falls n the 15th day f the first lunar mnth each year. Small sticky rice balls, knwn （7） as yuanxia in the nrth and tangyuan in the suth, are eaten widely （8） during this festival. These rund rice balls are traditinally seen as symbls （9） f family reunin(團聚).
Frm the Spring Festival t the Lantern Festival, the Dragn Bat Festival and the Laba Festival, rice plays a rle in many f ur favurite celebratins （10）. Nt nly des it lend special tastes t these Festivals, rice als helps add magic and charm(魅力).
Passage 6(2024和平區(qū)三模）
Are yu an “I” persn r an “E” persn? We hear this questin a lt these days.
In fact （1），these are tw persnality(性格) types based n the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” persn is shy and quiet, while an “E” persn is utging.
S what is the MBTI test? It's a persnality test that helps us understand ur persnality better （2） and tells us hw we relate t the wrld arund us. It was develped （3） in the 1940s by Katharine Ck Briggs.
When yu take the MBTI test, yu are given several sets f questins. Fr each questin yu need t chse （4） the answer that best matches yur feelings, attitudes and behavir. Then yu'll knw what yur persnality type is.
The MBTI test is ppular fr many reasns （5）. Let's take a clser lk at just a few. First peple want t understand themselves. Human persnality is very cmplex(復(fù)雜的), and this test prvides a simple way fr peple t learn abut themselves （6）. Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjyable, because （7） its questins are interesting. Then, peple try t find cnnectins. The MBTI test ffers （8） a way t g beynd small talk and cnnect with ther n a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds f persnality tests n the market, the MBTI test is the mst widely used.
The MBTI test may shw smething （9） we dn't knw abut urselves and can be a fun way t help us make new friends. But knwing smene's MBTI results desn't mean （10） we really knw that persn. Nr d the MBTI results define(定義) wh we are.
人物故事類
Passage 1(2024部分區(qū)二模）
Did yu ever eat cartn steamed buns(饅頭)? If nt, yu can buy （1） them in Bi Chenggng's shp.
Bi is frm Inner Mnglia(內(nèi)蒙古), China. He lks a little heavy. Yu may wnder if he can make thse lvely steamed buns. The answer （2） is yes, and he is really gd at that.
Abut six years ag, Bi fund many peple liked t buy creative steamed buns t shw their best wishes when （3） they celebrated their children's 12th birthday. Hwever, there were few creative steamed bun shps in Hhht(呼和浩特). S he decided （4） t pen ne.
T learn hw （5） t make cute steamed buns, Bi read ckbks and watched vides nline. He even went t Shandng and Shanxi t learn frm （6） lcal peple. He als tried and practiced really hard, “That's very imprtant，” he said.
Bi's steamed buns are lvely. They are in different shapes （7）， such as Peppa Pig, Mickey Muse and Snw White. Bi is serius/strict （8） abut the fd materials(材料), t. Althugh his steamed buns are clurful, they are healthy. The clurs are frm vegetables （9） like spinach(菠菜)and carrts. Children like them very much and call him “Steamed bun man”. Bi is glad （10） abut that. He prmises t make mre cartn steamed buns fr them.
Passage 2(2024河西區(qū)二模）
Chen Xingrng, 16, whse favrite activity is jumping nt the swing(秋千)in the living rm. The swing was set （1） up by his father t help him learn hw t swim withut water.
He was diagnsed(診斷) with autism(自閉癥) when he was a baby.“We did nt understand why such a thing wuld happen t us,” Chen Xunhu says, adding that he began travelling t big cities （2） such as Beijing and Guangzhu t learn mre abut autism. He even quit(停止) his jb and paid his full attentin （3） t the disease.
In 2012, the father learned that swimming culd help peple with autism, s he spent mnths learning hw t swim by watching vides and reading bks. At first the training t his sn didn't wrk （4）. T his surprise, after three mnths, he discvered that his sn had develped the ability t cntrl his breath （5） under water. It imprved his cnfidence， and swimming sn became a keen(熱衷的) activity f the family.
Thanks t the strict training and the lve and supprt f his family and cmmunity members, Chen Xingrng managed （6） t becme an utstanding swimmer. Last year, he wn five medals （7）， including a gld, at （8） the eighth Natinal Special Olympic Games.
As well as swimming, learning basic （9） life skills is als an imprtant part f life fr a teenager with autism. With his father's effrts， Chen has learned t buy fd in the market. He als wrks as a vlunteer （10） at a restaurant and likes t take care f patients in a clinic(診所) by cvering the patients with quilts(被子).
“I hpe he will live a wnderful life in the future.”
Passage 3(2023河?xùn)|區(qū)一模)
Huang Wenxiu is the rle mdel f the times. In 2022, a TV shw The Daughter f The Muntain tld us her stry （1）. It was thught f highly by many peple.
When Huang was in cllege, the idea f serving her hme twn came t her.
She wanted t g back and d her best t imprve （2） the backward situatin f her hme twn. After graduating frm Beijing Nrmal University in 2016, Huang returned （3） t Baise, her hme twn, instead f staying in the capital. She nce said, “I grew up in a muntainus village （4） where quite a number f peple live in pverty(貧窮). And all I wish is t d my part t change （5） their lives.”
But Huang sn discvered that her jb was nt easy （6）. She had been wrried abut the village develpment fr a lng time. It tk her tw mnths just t visit the 195 pr families thrugh the village. The rad ut f pverty is lng （7）. She travelled 25,000 kilmetres by car in ne year in the jb. Huang encuraged villagers t plant sugar ranges and many ther plants, and she helped them learn abut hw t sell their prducts nline. Luckily （8）， 8,418 villagers were lifted ut f pverty in the end thanks t Huang Wenxiu's hard wrk.
Hwever, n June 16, 2019, Huang lst her life at the age f 30 because f a flash fld(山洪). She was swept away by the fld when she was driving （9） back t wrk.
Althugh （10） she passed away, her spirit still lives n. “I believe that ne day we can turn ur cuntry int the rich ne.” Huang Wenxiu nce dreamed f.
Passage 4（2023河北區(qū)二模）
Inventr Clarence Birdseye was brn in New Yrk in 1886. Frm a yung age, he was interested in animals and plants and in 1906, Birdseye went t cllege. Hwever, tw years later, he left （1） cllege fr family reasns. Then he tk a jb and wrked fr the US gvernment.
In 1912, Birdseye mved t Labradr — nw in Canada. He stayed there until （2） 1915.When he was in Labradr, Birdseye watched lcal peple fishing thrugh （3） hles which was cut in an icy lake. As sn as they pulled ut fish, the fish at nce frze(凍結(jié)) in the very cld air/areas （4）. He nticed that they culd then be kept fr a lng perid （5）. When peple wanted sme t eat, they culd defrst(解凍) them withut lsing any f the freshness. Birdseye realised that cling fd very quickly was the key t keeping its freshness. This was easy in very cld envirnments. In warm/warmer （6） envirnments, peple had t freeze fd slwly. When fd is frzen in this way, ice crystals(冰晶), shaped like knives, start t grw inside it. These cut int the fd and change the fd's cellular structure(細胞結(jié)構(gòu)) and then its taste. It tk Birdseye years t wrk ut hw t cl fd quickly enugh t stp them frm grwing. Then he began t wnder hw this way f freezing might wrk with fresh vegetables （7） and ther fd like fish and meat.
After a lt f effrts, in the late 1920s, Birdseye develped a methd （8） t freeze fd fast in the US. Later, he intrduced （9） the first line f frzen fd int the market. Frzen fd began t be widely accepted.
Birdseye died in 1956.Tday peple cnsider （10） him as the father f the mdern frzen fd industry(行業(yè)).
Passage 5(2023和平區(qū)三模)
If yu were a little screw(螺絲), culd yu stick t yur pst(崗位) frever? Lei Feng answered the questin with his service t his cuntry.
Lei Feng was prbably the mst famus （1） sldier. He helped many peple when （2） he was alive. He carried luggage fr the elderly and prvided （3） fd fr the pr children. He nce gave all his mney t his friend's sick parents and he darned(縫補) pants and scks fr his fellw sldiers.
Lei Feng hardly （4） spke abut what he did fr thers. After he died in 1962, peple fund his diary （5） and learned abut him. He became a symbl f the giving spirit. “There is a limit(限制) t ne's life, but （6） n limit t serving the peple,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Ma Zedng called n the natin t learn frm Lei Feng, and each year's March 5 has been named （7） as “Lei Feng Day”. On that day, students d all kinds f vlunteer wrk t learn frm the rle mdel. This year, sme fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes alng （8） the rad in rder.
Being a vlunteer needs t learn a lt. Accrding t Jiang Meng, a 26yearld vlunteer frm the Yuth Team f Shugang Winter Olympics Service Grup, vlunteers have t knw all abut the events. They als keep in mind （9） the histry and stries behind them t better shw the beauty f Shugang and Beijing t guests. “Peple say vlunteering is abut giving （10）， but I've gt a lt thrugh being a vlunteer — the hnr and the praise, as well as the grwing persnal skills,” said Jiang.
Passage 6（2023紅橋區(qū)三模）
Lenard da Vinci（萊昂納多·達·芬奇）was brn n April 15th, 1452 in a nrthern Italian twn. He is cnsidered （1） ne f the greatest painters f all time.He is still famus （2） tday because f the Mna Lisa and ther wellknwn paintings. Hwever （3）， nt many peple knw he was als an engineer and an inventr.
Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pineer in many areas. He drew plans and pictures and wrte （4） abut his many ideas in his diaries.Since he died n May 2nd, 1519, peple have been learning frm them.They included plans fr an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings f musical instruments （5）， flying machines and machines fr war, such as guns(槍).
Since many f da Vinci's inventins were ahead f their time, they were nly tested hundreds f years later.Because he culdn't test them, nt all f da Vinci's plans wrked ut as well as he wished.Hwever, sme f his ideas wrked （6） well.Fr example, ne f his bridges was finally built 500 years after （7） it was drawn and flying machines, such as helicpters, are very cmmn nw.
Sme think da Vinci wanted t keep his ideas secret as he wrte his diary in cde(密碼). Others （8） think it was just easier fr him t write this way because he was lefthanded. Either way, da Vinci's diaries （9） can nly be read with a mirrr because everything is written backwards.As it tk （10） sme time t translate the diaries, they were published(出版) mre than 150 years after his death.

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