押題預(yù)測目錄
一、思想哲理類
押題1
The mental pain f failure can stimulate yu t becme better at the activity in which yu lack prficiency-if yu can cnsider the unpleasant experience as an indicatr f persnal grwth. This is what researchers fund when they cnducted a field experiment at an imprvisatin (即興表演) club. One grup f amateur imprvisers was instructed t actively seek the feeling f awkwardness. The schlars fund that, cmpared with imprvisers wh were nt given this instructin, the first grup was mre engaged in the exercise. Instead f seeing the discmfrt as smething t avid, they saw it as central t the prcess and leaned int it.
This has effects n hw t imprve rdinary life. Yu can put failure t gd use in many ther areas f life. If yu’re a student, take a class far utside yur area f skills and interests, knwing that the struggle t cpe with a very nvel challenge may imprve studying what yu d like. Enjy the difficulty f it and analyze the mistakes yu make—and yu will almst certainly find that yu're ding even better at yur preferred subject.
Emplyers can apply these principles as well. I like the “75/25 rule,” accrding t which emplyees spend three-quarters f their time n their assigned task and ne quarter helping thers utside their area. The shrt-term cst f this is frictin as peple struggle with nvelty and difficulty-and bsses shuld take care nt t make this wrse by being punitive r verly critical. But I have seen the lng-term benefit f better mtivatin in the cre assignment, as well as a better flw f infrmatin and distributin f new skills acrss different activities within an enterprise.
The embrace-failure principle can even be applied t happiness itself. Nne f us wants t be unhappy. But inviting surces f unhappiness int life can be extremely beneficial. Reslve nt t be afraid f fear, anger, r sadness. They are nrmal and natural parts f life, after all. And if yu let them, they will help yu savr (享受) the jys f life all the mre.
1．What did the experiment at the imprvisatin club find?
A．Aviding awkwardness imprved imprvisers’ creativity.
B．Actively embracing awkwardness increased engagement.
C．Prfessinal imprvisers perfrmed better than amateurs.
D．Discmfrt negatively impacted participants’ mtivatin.
2．Why des the authr advise students t take unfamiliar classes?
A．T reduce their academic pressure.
B．T increase their studying interests.
C．T avid errrs in their preferred field.
D．T indirectly strengthen their majr subjects.
3．What is the lng-term effect f the “75/25 rule”?
A．Emplyees are mre mtivated and multi-skilled.
B．Cmpetitins amng clleagues get mre intense.
C．New and difficult assignments becme effrtless.
D．Cnflicts in wrkplace disappear cmpletely.
4．Which is the best title f the text?
A．The Different Ways t Avid Failure.
B．The Advice n Hw t Seek Happiness.
C．The Benefits f Ding Things Yu’re Bad at.
D．The Reasns Why Yu’re in Negative Mds.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是議論文。主要討論了失敗的心理痛苦如何能夠激勵(lì)個(gè)人在缺乏熟練度的活動(dòng)中變得更好，并提出了如何應(yīng)用這一原則來改善日常生活、工作場所乃至追求幸福。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The mental pain f failure can stimulate yu t becme better at the activity in which yu lack prficiency-if yu can cnsider the unpleasant experience as an indicatr f persnal grwth. This is what researchers fund when they cnducted a field experiment at an imprvisatin (即興表演) club. One grup f amateur imprvisers was instructed t actively seek the feeling f awkwardness. The schlars fund that, cmpared with imprvisers wh were nt given this instructin, the first grup was mre engaged in the exercise. Instead f seeing the discmfrt as smething t avid, they saw it as central t the prcess and leaned int it.(如果你能把不愉快的經(jīng)歷視為個(gè)人成長的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，那么失敗帶來的精神痛苦可以刺激你在你不熟練的活動(dòng)中變得更好。這是研究人員在一個(gè)即興表演俱樂部進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一組業(yè)余即興表演者被要求積極尋找尷尬的感覺。學(xué)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與沒有得到這種指導(dǎo)的即興表演者相比，第一組人更投入到練習(xí)中。他們沒有把不舒服看作是要避免的事情，而是把它看作是過程的核心，并傾向于它)”可知，即興表演俱樂部的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了積極地接受尷尬會(huì)增加參與度。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“If yu’re a student, take a class far utside yur area f skills and interests, knwing that the struggle t cpe with a very nvel challenge may imprve studying what yu d like. Enjy the difficulty f it and analyze the mistakes yu make—and yu will almst certainly find that yu're ding even better at yur preferred subject.(如果你是一名學(xué)生，參加一門與你的技能和興趣領(lǐng)域相去甚遠(yuǎn)的課程，要知道努力應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)非常新奇的挑戰(zhàn)可能會(huì)促進(jìn)你學(xué)習(xí)自己喜歡的東西。享受它的難度，分析你犯的錯(cuò)誤——你幾乎肯定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你在你喜歡的科目上做得更好)”可知，作者建議學(xué)生選修不熟悉的課程，因?yàn)榭梢蚤g接加強(qiáng)他們的主要科目。故選D項(xiàng)。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“I like the “75/25 rule,” accrding t which emplyees spend three-quarters f their time n their assigned task and ne quarter helping thers utside their area. The shrt-term cst f this is frictin as peple struggle with nvelty and difficulty-and bsses shuld take care nt t make this wrse by being punitive r verly critical. But I have seen the lng-term benefit f better mtivatin in the cre assignment, as well as a better flw f infrmatin and distributin f new skills acrss different activities within an enterprise.(我喜歡“75/25規(guī)則”，根據(jù)該規(guī)則，員工將四分之三的時(shí)間花在分配給他們的任務(wù)上，四分之一的時(shí)間用來幫助他們領(lǐng)域之外的其他人。這樣做的短期成本是摩擦，因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谂c新鮮事物和困難作斗爭——老板們應(yīng)該小心，不要因?yàn)閼土P或過度批評(píng)而使情況變得更糟。但是，我已經(jīng)看到了在核心任務(wù)中更好的激勵(lì)，以及在企業(yè)內(nèi)不同活動(dòng)中更好的信息流和新技能分配的長期好處)”可知，“75/25規(guī)則”的長期影響是員工更有動(dòng)力，技能也更豐富。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“The embrace-failure principle can even be applied t happiness itself. Nne f us wants t be unhappy. But inviting surces f unhappiness int life can be extremely beneficial. Reslve nt t be afraid f fear, anger, r sadness. They are nrmal and natural parts f life, after all. And if yu let them, they will help yu savr (享受) the jys f life all the mre.(擁抱失敗的原則甚至可以應(yīng)用于幸福本身。沒有人想要不快樂。但是把不快樂的來源引入生活是非常有益的。下定決心不要害怕恐懼、憤怒或悲傷。畢竟，它們是生活中正常而自然的一部分。如果你讓他們這樣做，他們會(huì)幫助你更好地享受生活的樂趣)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了失敗的心理痛苦如何能夠激勵(lì)個(gè)人在缺乏熟練度的活動(dòng)中變得更好，所以C項(xiàng)“做你不擅長的事情的好處”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
押題2
What if everything happens fr a reasn? Burnt tast thery, a mdern view n this classic idea, suggests that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect (多米諾效應(yīng)). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.
When we feel like things are utside ur cntrl, that can be scary. The burnt tast thery can help sme peple let g f their need fr cntrl and take negative situatins mre psitively.
Hwever, while maintaining a psitive mindset can be beneficial, ver-ptimism can lead t “pisnus psitivity”. When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive fa?ade (假象) instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.
Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
1．What can be inferred frm the burnt tast thery?
A．Life is a prcess, nt destinatin.B．Lst in the east, gained in the west.
C．Life is full f endless challenges.D．Lst time will never be fund again.
2．Which can be an utcme frm “pisnus psitivity”?
A．Lss f chances t grw.B．Failure t acknwledge thers.
C．Inability t cntrl emtins.D．Decline in physical health.
3．Which can be seen as a grwth mindset mentined in the last paragraph?
A．Finding reasns fr failure.
B．Aviding pushing thers t hard.
C．Accepting life and making it better.
D．Keeping a psitive mindset and wrking hard.
4．Which is the best pssible title fr the text?
A．Bum Tast Thery: Find a True Self
B．Bum Tast Thery: Lead a Psitive Life
C．Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity
D．Burn Tast Thery: Hw t Live Actively
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了烤焦面包理論及其相關(guān)思考，指出相較于單純積極思考，培養(yǎng)成長型思維模式更有益，要正視事情帶來的感受，認(rèn)識(shí)到無法掌控一切，努力提升應(yīng)對(duì)意外挑戰(zhàn)的能力。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect(多米諾效應(yīng)). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.(想象一下，在你上班前不小心把面包烤焦了。根據(jù)烤焦面包理論，這個(gè)小小的不便可能會(huì)引發(fā)多米諾效應(yīng)。你的早晨會(huì)因此延遲三到五分鐘——而這恰好讓你比平常晚些出門，從而避開了一場可能發(fā)生的車禍。又或者，你會(huì)搭乘晚一班的火車，錯(cuò)過與某個(gè)你不想見到的人的尷尬碰面。你甚至可能會(huì)結(jié)識(shí)一個(gè)原本不會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)的新朋友，進(jìn)而發(fā)展出一段友誼或浪漫的關(guān)系。)”可知，根據(jù)烤焦面包理論，比如不小心烤焦面包這種看似不好的小事情，可能會(huì)引發(fā)一系列連鎖反應(yīng)，帶來意想不到的好結(jié)果，像避開一場潛在的車禍、錯(cuò)過不想見的人或者結(jié)識(shí)新朋友等。這體現(xiàn)了“失之東隅，收之桑榆”的道理，即雖然在一方面有所損失，卻在另一方面有所收獲。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive facade(假象)instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.(當(dāng)我們只允許自己關(guān)注積極的想法時(shí)，我們其實(shí)是在剝奪自己妥善應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和困境、讓自己變得更好的機(jī)會(huì)，取而代之的是專注于營造一種虛假的積極表象。通過不斷地回避負(fù)面經(jīng)歷，我們可能會(huì)忽視它們對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生的真正影響，并且在自己陷入掙扎時(shí)也無法察覺。這會(huì)讓我們對(duì)自己感覺更糟糕，還可能導(dǎo)致我們壓抑負(fù)面情緒或經(jīng)歷，拒絕全面地認(rèn)識(shí)和處理它們。)”可知，當(dāng)陷入“有毒的積極心態(tài)”時(shí)，我們只關(guān)注積極想法，會(huì)剝奪自己妥善應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和困境、讓自己變得更好的機(jī)會(huì)，專注于營造一種虛假的積極表象。由此可知，“有毒的積極心態(tài)”可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是失去成長的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.(與其單純地專注于積極思考，努力培養(yǎng)一種成長型思維模式或許會(huì)更有幫助。你并非總是需要去尋找生活中的一線希望，甚至是一片烤焦面包背后的意義。有時(shí)候事情就是發(fā)生了，而且很糟糕。但只要我們花時(shí)間去正視這些事情給我們帶來的感受，并且認(rèn)識(shí)到我們無法總是掌控身邊的一切，我們?nèi)匀荒軌蚺μ嵘约?，改進(jìn)我們應(yīng)對(duì)生活中意外挑戰(zhàn)的方式——而這才是真正重要的。)”可知，培養(yǎng)成長型思維模式不是單純地專注于積極思考，不必總是去尋找生活中的積極面，當(dāng)事情糟糕時(shí)，我們要正視這些事情帶給我們的感受，認(rèn)識(shí)到我們無法控制周圍的一切，并且努力提升自己以及處理生活中意外挑戰(zhàn)的能力。由此可知，最后一段提到的成長型思維模式的是接受生活并讓它變得更好。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇引入烤焦面包理論，即生活中的小不便背后有更大原因，接著闡述該理論能幫助人們以更積極的態(tài)度看待負(fù)面情況，隨后指出過度樂觀導(dǎo)致的 “有毒的積極心態(tài)” 的危害，強(qiáng)調(diào)不能單純專注于積極思考，最后提出培養(yǎng)成長型思維模式更有益，要正視生活中的各種情況并努力提升應(yīng)對(duì)能力。選項(xiàng)C“Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity(烤焦面包理論：不僅僅是積極心態(tài))”既包含了烤焦面包理論能帶來積極看待事情的一面，又指出了不能僅僅局限于積極心態(tài)，還需要應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的各種情況，培養(yǎng)成長型思維，全面地概括了文章的主旨。故選C。
押題3
Scrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t wrth living fr a human being, implying that we shuld attempt t knw urselves, t think thrugh ur actins, chices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it cmes t thinking abut ur wn happiness and what makes ur lives g well, it really des seem that this reflective attitude can ruin ur chances f finding what we seek.
Perhaps it’s nt surprising that we are better designed fr engaging in ther activities than reflecting n hw best t achieve ur wn happiness and well-being. Ding things that enhance ur grwth in physical, scial and intellectual areas tends t bring the reward f feeling gd, and s stimulates us further t pursue thse activities. Sitting arund reflecting n what will make us happy is a lt less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think t much, there is an pprtunity cst - time that we culd have spent in a wrthwhile activity has gne while we were thinking deeply abut the best way t develp.
The philspher David has written abut the rle f reflective thinking in sprts. One f his bservatins is that while sprts peple need t think abut the basic actins they are perfrming, it can be cunterprductive t start thinking abut the elements making up thse actins. A ftballer needs t think abut kicking the ball lw and hard t the left f the galkeeper, but nt t verthink the mechanics f the precise small mvements f legs and feet that prduce that utcme. If he r she des start this srt f thught prcess, it very ften leads t a prer sht. What’s needed is a kind f autmatic respnse t the situatin.
Perhaps smething similar is ging n in ur life. Thse peple wh start detailed prgrams f self-develpment in varius dimensins, fcusing n diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, wrk utput, and s n, are like the ftballer thinking thrugh the small muscle mvements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflectin n their wn develpment and hw they want t achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level f develpment frever unbtainable fr them.
1．What may cause an pprtunity cst?
A．Spending time n wrthy activities.
B．Jining in scial meetings actively.
C．Getting stuck in much self-reflectin.
D．Ding physical exercises efficiently.
2．What des the underlined wrd “cunterprductive” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Ineffective.B．Meaningless.C．Cnstructive. D．Prfitable.
3．What des the authr suggest readers d t achieve their gals?
A．Make a cmprehensive plan.B．Adpt a direct apprach.
C．Think carefully befre actin.D．Attach imprtance t details.
4．What is a suitable title fr this text?
A．The Risk f OverthinkingB．The Key t Well-being
C．The Way t Think ReflectivelyD．The Methd t Develp Yurself
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是議論文。文章主要討論了反思性思考在追求個(gè)人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sitting arund reflecting n what will make us happy is a lt less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think t much, there is an pprtunity cst - time that we culd have spent in a wrthwhile activity has gne while we were thinking deeply abut the best way t develp. (坐下來思考什么能讓我們快樂比追求讓我們快樂的事情效率低得多，如果我們想得太多，就會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)成本——我們本可以花在有價(jià)值的活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間，卻在我們深入思考發(fā)展的最佳方式時(shí)浪費(fèi)了。)”可知，陷入過多的自我反省可能導(dǎo)致機(jī)會(huì)成本。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“A ftballer needs t think abut kicking the ball lw and hard t the left f the galkeeper, but nt t verthink the mechanics f the precise small mvements f legs and feet that prduce that utcme. If he r she des start this srt f thught prcess, it very ften leads t a prer sht. (一名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要考慮把球踢得又低又猛，踢到守門員的左邊，但不要過多地考慮腿部和腳部精確的微小運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的效果。如果他或她確實(shí)開始了這種思維過程，那通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致射球不佳。)”可知，如果運(yùn)動(dòng)員過多地考慮腿部和腳部精確的微小運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的效果，會(huì)產(chǎn)生反效果，推知cunterprductive應(yīng)是“產(chǎn)生相反效果”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhaps smething similar is ging n in ur life. Thse peple wh start detailed prgrams f self-develpment in varius dimensins, fcusing n diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, wrk utput, and s n, are like the ftballer thinking thrugh the small muscle mvements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflectin n their wn develpment and hw they want t achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level f develpment frever unbtainable fr them. (也許類似的事情正在我們的生活中發(fā)生。那些在飲食、習(xí)慣、運(yùn)動(dòng)、心理活動(dòng)、工作輸出等各個(gè)方面開始詳細(xì)的自我發(fā)展計(jì)劃的人，就像足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員通過小肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)思考問題一樣。也許他們對(duì)自身發(fā)展和如何實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展的善意反思，正是使他們永遠(yuǎn)無法獲得高水平發(fā)展的原因。)”可推知，作者建議讀者采用直接的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。故選B項(xiàng)。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Scrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t wrth living fr a human being, implying that we shuld attempt t knw urselves, t think thrugh ur actins, chices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it cmes t thinking abut ur wn happiness and what makes ur lives g well, it really des seem that this reflective attitude can ruin ur chances f finding what we seek. (蘇格拉底宣稱，未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的生活不值得一個(gè)人活下去，這意味著我們應(yīng)該嘗試了解自己，通過我們的行為、選擇、偏見和態(tài)度來思考。但是，當(dāng)我們思考自己的幸福以及是什么讓我們的生活變得美好時(shí)，這種反思的態(tài)度似乎真的會(huì)破壞我們找到我們所尋求的東西的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，本文主要講述過度思考的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以A項(xiàng)“過度思考的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
二、人工智能類 (批判性思維)
押題1
Since the dawn f human histry, innvatin has been a balancing act f wnder and fear. Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly (同時(shí)) causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. Yet thrugh all these advancements, ne cnstant has remained: human cgnitin (認(rèn)知) , the unique spark f thught and creativity that has shaped ur prgress.
But tday, smething is different. Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. With the rise f artificial intelligence (AI), we are n lnger just building tls t enhance ur abilities; we are building systems that may be superir t ur very capacity t think, create, and innvate. This shift desn’t just cmpletely change industries, but it als challenges the cre f what makes us human.
In past innvatins, technlgies functined as extensins f human abilities. The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. These tls were clearly under human cntrl, perating within the bundaries we set.
Hwever, AI is fundamentally different. It perates in the range f cgnitin, nt merely cnducting tasks, but als learning, reasning, and even generating creative cntent. Frm writing news articles t diagnsing diseases, AI systems are perfrming tasks nce thught t require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed?
Histrically, we’ve accepted bslescence (過時(shí)) as part f the cycle f innvatin and, in mst situatins, embraced it. Outdated tls shuld be abandned, and new nes take their place. But when the “tl” at risk f bslescence is human cgnitin itself, we enter unknwn area. AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins.
1．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．One gd turn deserves anther.B．Take things as they cme.
C．Dn’t put the cart befre the hrse.D．Every cin has tw sides.
2．What des the authr mean by saying “But tday, smething is different” in paragraph 2?
A．Human cgnitin starts t be utdated.B．Wnder and fear have lst balance.
C．Human cgnitin has reached a ceiling.D．Creativity has shaped ur prgress.
3．Hw is the main idea presented in the text?
A．By telling stries.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the rise f artificial intelligence?
A．Cncerned.B．Skeptical.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章指出歷史上技術(shù)突破利弊共存，如今 AI 使人類認(rèn)知面臨過時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，引發(fā)對(duì)人類地位和未來的擔(dān)憂。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. (從火的發(fā)現(xiàn)到飛機(jī)的首次飛行，每一項(xiàng)技術(shù)突破都在承諾提升人類能力的同時(shí)帶來了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。火可以溫暖我們，也可以毀滅我們；飛機(jī)可以讓我們彼此相連，也可以變成戰(zhàn)爭工具。)”可知，技術(shù)突破既有積極的一面，也有消極的一面，這體現(xiàn)了事物都有兩面性。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. (歷史上第一次，人類認(rèn)知本身面臨過時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)” 可知，作者說“But tday, smething is different”指的是人類認(rèn)知開始面臨過時(shí)的情況。故選A項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章中通過列舉“Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes (從火的發(fā)現(xiàn)到飛機(jī)的首次飛行)”“The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. (飛機(jī)擴(kuò)大了我們的活動(dòng)范圍，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)增加了我們獲取信息的途徑，計(jì)算機(jī)提高了我們的計(jì)算能力。)”等例子，來闡述不同技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)以及人工智能與以往技術(shù)的不同，從而呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed? (當(dāng)機(jī)器比我們更會(huì)思考時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？更重要的是，在一個(gè)我們的智力優(yōu)勢(shì)不再有保障的時(shí)代，作為人類意味著什么？)”以及最后一段“AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins. (人工智能有可能超越我們的智力才能，這使人類處于劣勢(shì)，在這種情況下我們必須正視自己的局限性。)”可知，作者對(duì)人工智能的崛起表示擔(dān)憂。故選A項(xiàng)。
押題2
The ptential fr AI like ChatGPT t affect hw humans interact with cmputers and transfrm jbs has left many cmpany leaders head-scratching. As with ther breakthrughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questins abut hw AI wuld impact jbs.
We believe that leading cmpanies shuld neither attempt t autmate human jbs nr wait n the sidelines until the shrtcmings f AI are irned ut. Instead, cmpanies shuld take a mre strategic apprach t make AI psitively influence jbs.
Custmer service prvides an instructive case in pint f the ways AI will transfrm — nt wipe ut — jbs. Fr example, we fund that the wrk fr custmer service representatives culd be brken dwn int 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed hw AI might affect each f thse tasks. Fur f the tasks like directing rganizatinal activities remained unchanged and culd be perfrmed entirely by humans. Fur repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices f gds and services and cllecting payments, culd be fully autmated. Five tasks culd be upgraded t help humans wrk mre effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, autmated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements f a new mix f tasks arund which cmpanies shuld redesign human jbs t get the greatest advantage frm AI.
Instead f being dminated by AI, peple are guiding them by human experience and knwledge. In fact, the develpers f ChatGPT are cntinuing t refine it based n hw peple are using it nline. As ne f ChatGPT's develpers pinted ut, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is t take a large language mdel with a tendency t pur ut anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds f respnses human users actually prefer.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Excited.B．Cnfused.C．Relieved.D．Frightened.
2．What change will AI bring t the custmer service department?
A．The department aims t replace human wrkers with AI.
B．Mst tasks in the department will remain untuched by AI.
C．Staff in the department are expected t determine prduct prices.
D．AI can lead t nvel rles fr human emplyees.
3．Why des the authr mentin the wrds f a develper f ChatGPT in paragraph 4?
A．T prve that a large language mdel is the key t ChatGPT's success.
B．T shw that ChatGPT will be capable f speaking anything.
C．T supprt that AI shuld remain under human cntrl and guidance.
D．T supprt that AI will be smarter than humans in cmmunicatin.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．AI: Beauty r Beast?B．ChatGPT’s Secret t Success
C．AI Will Enrich — Nt Erase — Human JbsD．Clear Divisins f Tasks in Custmer Service
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了人工智能，如Chat GPT，對(duì)工作崗位的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)AI不會(huì)取代人類工作，而是改變其工作方式。通過分析客戶服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，文章提出企業(yè)應(yīng)通過戰(zhàn)略性設(shè)計(jì)，利用AI增強(qiáng)和升級(jí)工作任務(wù)，推動(dòng)工作轉(zhuǎn)型。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“As with ther breakthrughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questins abut hw AI wuld impact jbs.(與人工智能的其他突破一樣，ChatGPT提出了人工智能將如何影響就業(yè)的重大問題)”可知，ChatGPT提出了人工智能將如何影響就業(yè)的重大問題，說明人工智能讓許多公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人感到困惑，故劃線詞head-scratching意為“讓人疑惑的”。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Five tasks culd be upgraded t help humans wrk mre effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, autmated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements f a new mix f tasks arund which cmpanies shuld redesign human jbs t get the greatest advantage frm AI.(有五項(xiàng)任務(wù)可以升級(jí)，以幫助人類更有效地工作。然后出現(xiàn)了五種新的高價(jià)值任務(wù)。人工、自動(dòng)化、更新和緊急任務(wù)——這些是新任務(wù)組合的要素，公司應(yīng)該圍繞這些要素重新設(shè)計(jì)人類的工作，以從人工智能中獲得最大的優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，人工智能可以為人類員工帶來新的角色。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Instead f being dminated by AI, peple are guiding them by human experience and knwledge.(人們不再被人工智能所支配，而是用人類的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)來引導(dǎo)它們)”可知，作者在第4段提到了ChatGPT的開發(fā)者的話是為了支持人工智能應(yīng)該繼續(xù)處于人類的控制和指導(dǎo)之下。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“We believe that leading cmpanies shuld neither attempt t autmate human jbs nr wait n the sidelines until the shrtcmings f AI are irned ut. Instead, cmpanies shuld take a mre strategic apprach t make AI psitively influence jbs.(我們認(rèn)為，領(lǐng)先的公司既不應(yīng)該試圖將人類的工作自動(dòng)化，也不應(yīng)該坐等人工智能的缺點(diǎn)得到解決。相反，企業(yè)應(yīng)該采取更具戰(zhàn)略性的方法，讓人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)產(chǎn)生積極影響)”結(jié)合文章探討了人工智能，如Chat GPT，對(duì)工作崗位的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)A I不會(huì)取代人類工作，而是改變其工作方式。通過分析客戶服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，文章提出企業(yè)應(yīng)通過戰(zhàn)略性設(shè)計(jì)，利用AI增強(qiáng)和升級(jí)工作任務(wù)，推動(dòng)工作轉(zhuǎn)型。故最適合的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)“人工智能將豐富而不是消除人類的工作”。故選C。
押題3
A lt f my friends are deeply wrried abut artificial intelligence, while acknwledging the pssible benefits. Many fears abut AI are based n an underestimatin f the human mind. Sme peple seem t believe that the mind is like a cmputer. It’s all just infrmatin prcessing, algrithms (算法) all the way dwn, s f curse machines are ging t eventually vertake us.
This is a pr view f wh we humans are. The Canadian schlar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much mre accurate view f the human mind: “What we d is nt prcessing. It is nt cmputatin. It is nt data analysis. It is a human activity that is a cmplex cmbinatin f cnscius (有意識(shí)的) and uncnscius, lgical and emtinal reflectin.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next wrd in a sentence; it develped t lve and bnd with thers; t seek the kind f wisdm that is held in the bdy; t seek and create meaning. AI can cpy human thught because it can take all the ideas that human beings have prduced and prduce them int strings f wrds r cllectins f images that make sense t us. But that desn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emtins, mral feelings and a unique wrldview based n a lifetime f distinct and never t be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind f intelligence, mre pwerful than us in sme ways, but narrwer. It’s helping peple handle bring tasks. It’s prbably ging t be a fantastic tutr, which will transfrm educatin and help humans all arund the wrld learn mre. But AI’s ultimate accmplishment will be t remind us wh we are by revealing what it can’t d. It will frce us t duble dwn n all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care f each ther, being a gd teammate, reading deeply, explring daringly, grwing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a gd time.
1．What des the authr intend t emphasize by quting Michael Ignatieff?
A．The ptential threats f artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability f human thught.
C．The infrmatin prcessing f the human mind.
D．The unique nature f human mental activity.
2．Hw des the authr develp the third paragraph?
A．By giving an exact definitin.B．By making detailed cntrasts.
C．By listing specific data.D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What des the authr think AI will finally d?
A．Remind us f the human limitatins.B．Replace human beings in aspects f life.
C．Encurage us t fcus n learning activities.D．Enhance ur understanding f human nature.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Can AI Think fr Itself?B．D We Need t Resist AI?
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity?D．Is AI Age Welcme?
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了很多人擔(dān)心人工智能會(huì)帶來威脅，作者認(rèn)為這種擔(dān)心是基于對(duì)人類思維的低估。通過引用學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)比人類思維與人工智能的不同，作者指出人工智能雖然在某些方面強(qiáng)大，但與人類思維有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，其最終作用是讓人們更加關(guān)注那些體現(xiàn)人類獨(dú)特性的活動(dòng)。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“The Canadian schlar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much mre accurate view f the human mind: “What we d is nt prcessing. It is nt cmputatin. It is nt data analysis. It is a human activity that is a cmplex cmbinatin f cnscius (有意識(shí)的) and uncnscius, lgical and emtinal reflectin.”(加拿大學(xué)者邁克爾·伊格納蒂夫（Michael Ignatieff）對(duì)人類思維的看法要準(zhǔn)確得多：“我們所做的不是處理。這不是計(jì)算。這不是數(shù)據(jù)分析。它是一種人類活動(dòng)，是有意識(shí)和無意識(shí)、邏輯和情感反映的復(fù)雜結(jié)合。”)”可知，作者引用 Michael Ignatieff 的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)人類思維活動(dòng)不是簡單的處理、計(jì)算或數(shù)據(jù)分析，而是有意識(shí)和無意識(shí)、邏輯和情感反思的復(fù)雜組合，突出了人類思維活動(dòng)的獨(dú)特性。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中，作者先指出“The human mind isn’t just predicting the next wrd in a sentence; it develped t lve and bnd with thers; t seek the kind f wisdm that is held in the bdy; t seek and create meaning.(人類的大腦不只是預(yù)測句子中的下一個(gè)單詞；它發(fā)展為愛和與他人的聯(lián)系；尋求身體所蘊(yùn)藏的智慧；尋找和創(chuàng)造意義)”，這說明了人類思維的特點(diǎn)；接著又說“AI can cpy human thught because it can take all the ideas that human beings have prduced and prduce them int strings f wrds r cllectins f images that make sense t us. But that desn’t mean the AI ‘mind’ is like the human mind. The AI ‘mind’ lacks understanding, self-awareness, emtins, mral feelings and a unique wrldview based n a lifetime f distinct and never t be repeated experiences.( 人工智能可以復(fù)制人類的思想，因?yàn)樗梢詫⑷祟惍a(chǎn)生的所有想法轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)我們有意義的單詞串或圖像集。但這并不意味著人工智能的“思維”就像人類的思維。人工智能“頭腦”缺乏理解、自我意識(shí)、情感、道德感受和基于一生獨(dú)特且永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)重復(fù)的經(jīng)歷的獨(dú)特世界觀)”將人工智能的“思維”與人類思維進(jìn)行對(duì)比，闡述了人工智能的“思維”雖然能復(fù)制人類思想，但缺乏人類思維所具有的理解、自我意識(shí)、情感、道德感和獨(dú)特的世界觀等。由此推知，作者是通過詳細(xì)的對(duì)比來展開第三段的。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“But AI’s ultimate accmplishment will be t remind us wh we are by revealing what it can’t d. It will frce us t duble dwn n all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care f each ther, being a gd teammate, reading deeply, explring daringly, grwing spiritually, finding kindred spirits(志趣相投者) and having a gd time.( 但人工智能的最終成就將是通過揭示它不能做什么來提醒我們，我們是誰。它將迫使我們加倍投入所有使我們成為人類的活動(dòng)：互相照顧，成為一個(gè)好隊(duì)友，深入閱讀，大膽探索，精神成長，找到志同道合的人，享受美好時(shí)光)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人工智能的最終成就將是通過揭示它不能做的事情來提醒我們?nèi)祟惖谋举|(zhì)，促使我們更加關(guān)注那些使我們成為獨(dú)特人類的活動(dòng)，從而增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)人性的理解。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“A lt f my friends are deeply wrried abut artificial intelligence, while acknwledging the pssible benefits. Many fears abut AI are based n an underestimatin f the human mind. Sme peple seem t believe that the mind is like a cmputer. It’s all just infrmatin prcessing, algrithms(算法) all the way dwn, s f curse machines are ging t eventually vertake us.( 我的很多朋友都對(duì)人工智能深感擔(dān)憂，同時(shí)也承認(rèn)它可能帶來的好處。許多對(duì)人工智能的擔(dān)憂都是基于對(duì)人類思維的低估。有些人似乎認(rèn)為大腦就像一臺(tái)電腦。這一切都只是信息處理，算法，所以當(dāng)然機(jī)器最終會(huì)超過我們)”可知，文章開篇提到很多人擔(dān)心人工智能，接著闡述了人類思維的獨(dú)特性以及人工智能與人類思維的區(qū)別，最后說明人工智能的最終作用，整體圍繞人工智能是否會(huì)威脅人類這一話題展開討論。由此可知，“人工智能會(huì)威脅人類嗎？”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
三、心理學(xué)類
押題1
A beautiful piece f music was playing n the radi. I did nt knw what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I nticed my mind wandering as if t wn the music. It was like it was nt enugh fr me just t enjy the mment. I needed t memrize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing t capture that mment. And in ding this, I was n lnger enjying it. What stpped me frm enjying the music?
In asking that questin, I remembered the humanistic psychlgist Erich Frmm. In his classic bk T Have r T Be? he wrte abut “having” and “being” as tw different mindsets r attitudes twards life. Frmm described hw having was a dminant cultural mindset and ultimately at the rt f many f ur persnal and scial prblems.
The having mindset is s deeply ingrained within us that it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way. The having mindset raises an essential prblem fr humanity. Frmm writes abut hw it cmes frm ur materialistic culture in which having as a mindset is priritized ver a being mindset.
It ften seems that mst f us treat life as if we were just playing a giant game f Mnply (大富翁) in real time. Wh can cllect the mst wealth and prperty and explit (剝削) the ther players? It is a game in which we learn t value nly what brings us mnetary gain. We truly need s little in the way f material things t be cntented in life. We need a sense f purpse, meaning, relatinships, gd health, and the resurces t be safe and secure.
It feels like we have n chice but t live as if we were the pieces n a Mnply bard. But we can be aware f the chices we make in life and begin t adjust ur lives either dwn the path f having r being. That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.
1．What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A．He didn’t like music.B．He liked analyzing music ccasinally.
C．He failed t enjy the music.D．He listened t music casually.
2．What des the underlined wrd “ingrained” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Rted.B．Affected.C．Imagined.D．Discvered.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards “having” mindset?
A．Interested.B．Oppsed.C．Psitive.D．Uncncerned.
4．What des the authr advise us t d?
A．Play the game f Mnply.B．Change ur mindsets in life.
C．Aim high and seek yur frtune.D．Find life purpse and help thers.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。作者由聽音樂的經(jīng)歷引出心理學(xué)家弗洛姆關(guān)于“擁有”和“存在”兩種心態(tài)的觀點(diǎn)，指出“擁有”心態(tài)的問題并建議人們做出改變。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“I did nt knw what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I nticed my mind wandering as if t wn the music. It was like it was nt enugh fr me just t enjy the mment. I needed t memrize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing t capture that mment. And in ding this, I was n lnger enjying it.(我不知道那是什么音樂，于是開始認(rèn)真聆聽，但隨后我注意到自己的思緒開始飄移，好像想要占有這首音樂。僅僅享受當(dāng)下對(duì)我來說似乎還不夠。我需要記住、理解并分析我所聽到的內(nèi)容，以抓住那一刻。而這樣做的時(shí)候，我就不再享受音樂了)”可推知，作者因?yàn)橄胍涀?、理解和分析音樂，結(jié)果無法享受音樂了。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。劃線詞所在句“The having mindset is s deeply ingrained within us that it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way.(“擁有”心態(tài)在我們內(nèi)心如此ingrained，以至于它可以占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，把我們的“存在”心態(tài)擠到一邊)”中“”是固定句型，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，由“it can take ver and push ur being ut f the way”可推知，“擁有”心態(tài)對(duì)我們影響很深，如同扎根在我們內(nèi)心一樣，所以才導(dǎo)致“存在”心態(tài)擠到一邊。故劃線詞“ingrained”意為“根深蒂固的”，與“Rted”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Frmm described hw having was a dminant cultural mindset and ultimately at the rt f many f ur persnal and scial prblems.(弗洛姆描述了“擁有”是一種占主導(dǎo)地位的文化心態(tài)，并且最終是我們?cè)S多個(gè)人和社會(huì)問題的根源)”、第三段中“The having mindset raises an essential prblem fr humanity.(“擁有”心態(tài)給人類帶來了一個(gè)根本性的問題)”和最后一段中“That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.(這樣，我們就可以學(xué)會(huì)欣賞一段音樂而不需要購買它，去散步，欣賞野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者引用弗洛姆的觀點(diǎn)，說明“擁有”心態(tài)會(huì)給個(gè)人和社會(huì)帶來問題，同時(shí)建議人們學(xué)會(huì)欣賞而不是去擁有。由此推知，作者對(duì)“擁有”心態(tài)持反對(duì)態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“But we can be aware f the chices we make in life and begin t adjust ur lives either dwn the path f having r being.That way, we can learn t enjy a piece f music withut needing t buy it, g fr a walk, and appreciate the wildflwers withut picking them.(但是我們可以意識(shí)到我們?cè)谏钪兴龅倪x擇，并開始調(diào)整我們的生活，要么走向“擁有”的道路，要么走向“存在”的道路。這樣，我們就可以學(xué)會(huì)欣賞一段音樂而不需要購買它，去散步，欣賞野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者建議人們學(xué)會(huì)欣賞而不是去擁有，這是建議我們改變生活中的心態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。
押題2
Cnsider the hierarchy (層次) f needs prpsed in 1943 by the psychlgist Abraham Maslw. Maslw believed that peple tend t fcus n meeting their needs in a particular rder f urgency. We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs. The “middle needs” f lve and belnging — family, friends, rmance — can’t be met with mney, and pursuing mney with t much gust can even result in unexpected cnsequences.
Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000, but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.
Perhaps yur parents always put a lt f pressure n yu t succeed financially, r yu tend t be insecure abut yur self-wrth and rely a lt n scial cmparisn. One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直覺) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.
1．What is the primary rle f mney accrding t Maslw’s hierarchy f needs?
A．It ensures a sense f safety.B．It satisfies all levels f needs.
C．It is crucial fr self-actualizatin.D．It is mst effective fr basic survival needs.
2．What des “gust” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Resistance.B．Enthusiasm.C．Indifference.D．Hesitatin.
3．Why might pursuing mney excessively lead t stress even at higher incme levels?
A．It leads t a cnstant need fr financial grwth.
B．It cmplicates financial chices fr the wealthy.
C．It may vershadw scial and emtinal bnds.
D．It increases the pressure t maintain high incme.
4．What is the authr’s view n using mney as a measure f self-wrth?
A．It’s a natural respnse.B．It’s a reasnable pursuit.
C．It’s a ntable miscnceptin.D．It’s a temprary phase in persnal grwth.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文，討論了心理學(xué)家馬斯洛的需求層次理論，以及金錢在滿足人類需求中的作用。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.(我們從生存需求開始，比如食物、住所和安全。一旦滿足了這些需求，我們就會(huì)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)和情感需求，比如愛和歸屬感。最后，我們關(guān)注更高層次的需求，比如自我實(shí)現(xiàn)——換句話說，尋找生活的意義。)”以及第二段“Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs.(在這三個(gè)層面中，金錢只對(duì)第一個(gè)層面有真正的幫助。這就是為什么經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，一旦一個(gè)人達(dá)到了滿足這些需求的相對(duì)微薄的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段，他的幸福感就不會(huì)有太大改善)”可知，這表明金錢對(duì)基本需求的滿足最為有效，而對(duì)其他層次的需求幫助有限。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下段“Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.(過于關(guān)注金錢與馬斯洛的最高層次需求是背道而馳的，因?yàn)檫@樣做會(huì)讓人們陷入一個(gè)陷阱，研究人員稱之為‘自我價(jià)值的經(jīng)濟(jì)偶然性’，當(dāng)一個(gè)人的自尊取決于他或她的經(jīng)濟(jì)成功時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況)”可知，上文應(yīng)是提到過于關(guān)注金錢，從而引出本段內(nèi)容，推知gust是“熱情”之意，和B項(xiàng)意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000,but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.(這也許可以解釋為什么當(dāng)錢緊張時(shí)和人們達(dá)到較高收入水平時(shí)，壓力水平都很高。領(lǐng)英在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們的收入超過5萬美元時(shí)，工作壓力會(huì)下降，但當(dāng)人們的收入超過20萬美元時(shí)，工作壓力就會(huì)開始顯著上升。一些研究人員稱，高收入者壓力大的一個(gè)原因是他們忽視了人際關(guān)系)”可知，過度追求金錢可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們忽視人際關(guān)系，從而影響他們的社會(huì)和情感需求。故選C項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直覺) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.(不管怎樣，你可能會(huì)用金錢來衡量自己，而沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，希望在某個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)‘昂貴’到足以贏得別人的愛和尊重。你的本能可能會(huì)告訴你，為了找到平靜和滿足，你應(yīng)該賺得更多、更多、更多。你的直覺在說謊，你可以通過重新評(píng)估你的優(yōu)先級(jí)而變得更快樂)”可知，將金錢作為衡量自我價(jià)值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一種錯(cuò)誤觀念。作者認(rèn)為這種觀念是一種錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
押題3
Many seemingly serius persnality tests are nt supprted by research. Despite being a billin-dllar industry, cmmercial persnality testing des nt predict success. That’s because mst tests assume ne’s characters are static.
Researches cnfirm that peple can intentinally shape their characters. That’s cntrary t their assumptin that yur persnality type places yu in a bx, directing hw yu chse partners, activities and careers.
Yu can think f persnality as labels that summarize yur respnses t questins as fllws. D yu think abut situatins mre pessimistically, r are yu a glass-half-full kind f persn? D yu wait until the last minute t cmplete tasks, r d yu plan ahead? Depending n yur answers, yu might be labeled as a certain persnality. Hwever, peple ften view persnality as the cre f wh they are. Accrding t scientific definitins, persnality is nt ne’s likes, dislikes r preferences. It’s nt yur values r what yu think is imprtant. Shifting characters des nt change the cre f wh yu are. It simply means respnding t situatins with different thughts and behavirs.
Here is a cmmn example. Suppse yu’re nt super reliable. If yu start t think “being n time shws thers that yu respect them”, t feel pride when yu arrive t a dinner party befre friends, and t engage in new behavirs that increase yur timeliness (守時(shí)) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appintment reminders — yu are demnstrating the features f a reliable persn. If yu maintain these changes t yur thughts and behavirs ver time — ta-da! — yu are reliable.
Besides, persnality changes acrss a persn’s lifetime. As peple grw lder, they tend t experience fewer negative emtins, becme mre cnsiderate, place greater emphasis n harmnius relatinships and are less critical f thers. Slw yet steady changes in thughts and behavirs can eventually develp the persnality peple desire.
1．What des the underlined wrd “static” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Flexible.B．Cnstant.C．Cmplex.D．Predictable.
2．What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A．Questins help peple understand labels.B．Planning ahead leads t cmpleting tasks.
C．Negative beliefs tend t wrsen situatins.D．Persnality is hw ne thinks and behaves.
3．What des the cmmn example shw?
A．Hw t manage the time.B．Hw t maintain changes.
C．Hw t change persnality.D．Hw t increase timeliness.
4．Hw might peple becme as they age?
A．Critical.B．Psitive.C．Selfless.D．Reliable.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要通過論述和舉例，探討了人格測試的局限性以及人格并非固定不變的觀點(diǎn)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)人們可以通過改變思維和行為來塑造自己的性格。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“That’s because mst tests assume ne’s characters are static.(這是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)測試假設(shè)一個(gè)人的性格是static)”和第二段中“Researches cnfirm that peple can intentinally shape their characters. That’s cntrary t their assumptin that yur persnality type places yu in a bx, directing hw yu chse partners, activities and careers.(研究表明，人們可以有意識(shí)地塑造自己的性格。這與他們的假設(shè)相反，即你的性格類型將你限制在一個(gè)盒子里，決定你選擇伴侶、活動(dòng)和職業(yè))”可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的性格是固定的，不變的，由此可推知，劃線單詞“static”意為“不變的”。故選B。
2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段中關(guān)鍵句“Hwever, peple ften view persnality as the cre f wh they are. Accrding t scientific definitins, persnality is nt ne’s likes, dislikes r preferences. It’s nt yur values r what yu think is imprtant. Shifting characters des nt change the cre f wh yu are. It simply means respnding t situatins with different thughts and behavirs.(然而，人們常常將性格視為自身的核心。但根據(jù)科學(xué)定義，性格并非是一個(gè)人的喜好或偏好，也不是你的價(jià)值觀或者你認(rèn)為重要的東西。改變性格并不會(huì)改變你本質(zhì)的自我，它僅僅意味著以不同的思維和行為方式來應(yīng)對(duì)各種情況)”可知，本段主要討論了性格是如何通過思想和行為來體現(xiàn)的，即該段主要說明性格是一個(gè)人思考和行為的方式。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Here is a cmmn example. Suppse yu’re nt super reliable. If yu start t think “being n time shws thers that yu respect them”, t feel pride when yu arrive t a dinner party befre friends, and t engage in new behavirs that increase yur timeliness (守時(shí)) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appintment reminders — yu are demnstrating the features f a reliable persn. If yu maintain these changes t yur thughts and behavirs ver time — ta-da! — yu are reliable.(這里有一個(gè)常見的例子。假設(shè)你不是特別可靠。如果你開始認(rèn)為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)表明你尊重他人”，當(dāng)你在朋友之前到達(dá)晚宴時(shí)感到自豪，并采取新的行為來提高你的守時(shí)性——比如用鬧鐘起床和設(shè)置約會(huì)提醒——你正在展示一個(gè)可靠的人的特征。如果你隨著時(shí)間的推移保持這些思想和行為的變化——噠噠！——你就是可靠的)”可推知，這個(gè)例子展示了如何通過改變思想和行為來改變性格。故選C。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“As peple grw lder, they tend t experience fewer negative emtins, becme mre cnsiderate, place greater emphasis n harmnius relatinships and are less critical f thers.(隨著年齡的增長，人們往往會(huì)經(jīng)歷更少的負(fù)面情緒，變得更加體貼，更加重視和諧的關(guān)系，對(duì)他人的批評(píng)也會(huì)減少)”可知，隨著年齡增長，人們更少經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒，更加積極樂觀。故選B。
四、科學(xué)研究類
押題1
Sme scientists insist that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths, they suggest, is stupid r ignrant (無知的). Well, n. In science, what we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. The histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that these matters needed t be recnsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center f the universe and the stability f cntinents.
Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. T say that science is “true” r “permanent” is like saying that “beauty is abslute”. At best, it’s a bit ff-key (不恰當(dāng)?shù)?. The cncept f beauty tday is very different frm what it was in ancient Greece r the Middle Ages, and s are mst f ur “l(fā)aws” f nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the use f experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt.
Each f these views has its value, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular (唯一的) scientific methd is unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld. Our effrts t understand and explain the natural wrld are just that: effrts.
Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is its wn reward.
1．Accrding t paragraph 1, what is cnsidered as truth in science________.
A．may have lasting valueB．may need re-examining
C．shuld be knwn t allD．shuld nt be rejected
2．Why des the authr mentin “beauty” in paragraph 2?
A．T raise a questin.B．T make a predictin.
C．T illustrate an idea.D．T prpse a slutin.
3．What des the authr think f the methds f science?
A．They shuldn’t be used t fl the public.
B．They rely heavily n bservatin and descriptin.
C．They seldm cause arguments amng scientists.
D．They shuldn’t be limited t a single methd.
4．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Effrts in Science: Dreaming Big.B．Science: Endless Jurney t Truth.
C．Scientists: Defenders f Science.D．Scientific Methd: Simple Chice.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】這是一篇議論文。本文主要論述了科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，即科學(xué)是一個(gè)不斷學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，科學(xué)的真理并不是永恒不變的，而科學(xué)的方法也不應(yīng)該局限于一種單一的方法，而是需要不斷地探索和發(fā)展。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that these matters needed t be recnsidered.(科學(xué)史上有很多例子表明，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)解決的問題，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這些問題需要重新考慮)”可知，在科學(xué)中被認(rèn)為是真理的可能需要重新審查。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. T say that science is ‘true’ r ‘permanent’ is like saying that ‘beauty is abslute’.(科學(xué)是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，有時(shí)我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們認(rèn)為正確的東西其實(shí)是錯(cuò)誤的。說科學(xué)是‘真理’或‘永恒’的，就像說‘美是絕對(duì)’的一樣)”可知，作者提到“美”是為了說明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即科學(xué)的真理并不是永恒不變的，就像美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而改變一樣。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time.(歷史和哲學(xué)已經(jīng)表明，單一的科學(xué)方法是不科學(xué)的。事實(shí)上，科學(xué)的方法在不同的學(xué)科和不同的時(shí)間都有所不同)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)的方法不應(yīng)該局限于一種單一的方法。故選D。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要論述了科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，即科學(xué)是一個(gè)不斷學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，科學(xué)的真理并不是永恒不變的，而科學(xué)的方法也不應(yīng)該局限于一種單一的方法，而是需要不斷地探索和發(fā)展，由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“科學(xué)：通往真理的無盡之旅”最能概括文章主旨，適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選B。
押題2
Peple ften think that scientific discveries cme frm the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view verlks the effrts f lesser-knwn pineers. Als, ppular belief hlds that the sudden idea is the key t making scientific breakthrughs, as if it just appears in smene’s mind.
This pinin might be partially true. It desn’t accurately represent the true nature f scientific breakthrughs. Apart frm, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whse cntributins are rightly recgnized — we believe innvatin is largely a trial-and-errr prcess, where tw steps frward may smetimes cme with ne step back r even mre steps t the right r left.
Take Jhn Nichlsn, a lesser-knwn scientist frm the 1910s. He was a mathematical physicist wh suggested the idea f ‘prt-elements’ in space. By mixing different weights f these atms, he culd recver the weights f the elements in the peridic table. Thugh prt-elements dn’t actually exist, Nichlsn’s wild ideas led him t prpse a new thery abut atmic structure. Niels Bhr, the Nbel prize-winning father f mdern atmic thery, later built n this idea t develp his famus mdel f the atm.
What can we learn frm this stry? Science is always evlving, similar t the evlutin f animal species. Just randm r unexpected changes f ideas may pen the dr fr advances in science. Supprt fr this idea can be seen in many areas. Fr example, in US hrse racing, the ‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’ stirrup placement, where the rider’ s left ft is placed lwer than the right ft, prvides a speed advantage n val tracks. It was created by a little-knwn rider named Jackie Westrpe. Had Westrpe dne careful research t develp this technique? N. He had a leg injury that prevented him frm fully bending his left knee. This change just happened t imprve his left-hand turning perfrmance. As a result, many riders quickly adpted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing tday.
Many ther examples shw science prgress ften cmes frm mistakes, accidents, r pure luck. It’s time t abandn the naive beliefs f genius and explre the true causes f creativity.
1．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T supprt specific ideas.
B．T describe a cmmn belief.
C．T cmpare certain beliefs.
D．T challenge a ppular view.
2．What des the writer imply abut Darwin and Einstein in paragraph 2?
A．They set an example fr thers t fllw.
B．Their way f wrking has been misunderstd.
C．They are exceptins t the usual rule.
D．Their achievements deserve greater recgnitin.
3．What d we knw abut the idea f Nichlsn?
A．It made him famus as an imprtant scientist.
B．Peple nly fully understd it later in histry.
C．Other scientists were initially dubtful abut it.
D．It paved the way fr smene else’ s breakthrugh.
4．What is mst interesting abut the ‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’ stirrup adjustment?
A．Why it was made.
B．Hw quickly peple used it.
C．The research wrk behind it.
D．The cleverness f its first user.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了發(fā)明創(chuàng)造不是一蹴而就的，而往往來自不斷的試錯(cuò)過程。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Peple ften think that scientific discveries cme frm the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view verlks the effrts f lesser-knwn pineers. Als, ppular belief hlds that the sudden idea is the key t making scientific breakthrughs, as if it just appears in smene’s mind. (人們通常認(rèn)為科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)來自查爾斯·達(dá)爾文和阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦等天才。這種觀點(diǎn)忽視了鮮為人知的先驅(qū)者的努力。此外，人們普遍認(rèn)為，突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵，就好像它只是出現(xiàn)在某人的腦海里一樣)”可知，文章第一段描述了一個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn)，即突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“This pinin might be partially true. It desn’t accurately represent the true nature f scientific breakthrughs. Apart frm, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whse cntributins are rightly recgnized — we believe innvatin is largely a trial-and-errr prcess, where tw steps frward may smetimes cme with ne step back r even mre steps t the right r left. (這種觀點(diǎn)可能部分正確。它并不能準(zhǔn)確地代表科學(xué)突破的真實(shí)性質(zhì)。此外，達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)得到了正確的認(rèn)可，我們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個(gè)試錯(cuò)過程，前進(jìn)兩步有時(shí)可能會(huì)后退一步，甚至向左或向右邁出更多步)”可知，事實(shí)上，創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個(gè)試錯(cuò)過程，并不是突然的靈感，例如，達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)。由此推知，作者在第二段中暗示了達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦的工作方式被誤解了。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Thugh prt-elements dn’t actually exist, Nichlsn’s wild ideas led him t prpse a new thery abut atmic structure. Niels Bhr, the Nbel prize-winning father f mdern atmic thery, later built n this idea t develp his famus mdel f the atm. (盡管原元素實(shí)際上并不存在，但尼科爾森的瘋狂想法使他提出了一種關(guān)于原子結(jié)構(gòu)的新理論。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者、現(xiàn)代原子理論之父尼爾斯·玻爾后來在這一思想的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了他著名的原子模型)”可知，尼爾斯·玻爾的原子模型是在尼科爾森的瘋狂想法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的。由此推知，尼科爾森的想法為別人的突破鋪平了道路。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“It was created by a little-knwn rider named Jackie Westrpe. Had Westrpe dne careful research t develp this technique? N. He had a leg injury that prevented him frm fully bending his left knee. This change just happened t imprve his left-hand turning perfrmance. As a result, many riders quickly adpted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing tday. (它是由一位名叫杰基·韋斯特洛普的鮮為人知的騎手創(chuàng)造的。韋斯特洛普是否進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究來開發(fā)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)？沒有。他的腿受傷了，無法完全彎曲左膝。這一變化恰好提高了他的左轉(zhuǎn)能力。因此，許多車手很快采用了今天仍然在比賽中使用的acey-deucy風(fēng)格)”可知，杰基·韋斯特洛普發(fā)明“acey deucy”箍筋調(diào)整不是特意進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究，而是因?yàn)樽约旱耐仁軅?，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這很有趣。由此推知，“acey deucy”箍筋調(diào)整最有趣的是為什么它被制作出來。故選A項(xiàng)。
押題3
A man in a lab cat bends under a dim light with tight eyes lking at a micrscpe. Time is shrt, the pays-ff are high, and nly this scientist can save everyne. That kind f rmanticized picture f science was standard fr a lng time. But it’s far frm the truth.
Sme scientists search fr the causes f sme bservable effects, such as the link between destryed frests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” f things. Fr example, eclgists build mdels t estimate gray wlf abundance in Mntana, US. It’s impractical t spt them all and cunt them, Abundance mdels are nt 100 percent accurate, but they ffer estimates that seem gd enugh t set harvesting qutas (限額) and maintain the ecsystem.
Beynd the “what” and the “why”, scientists may fcus n the “hw”. Fr instance, the lives f peple living with illnesses can be imprved by research n hw t relieve symptms, even if the true causes f their disrders are largely unknwn t current medicine.
Peple ften think “real science” shuld prvide definite, cmplete and perfect answers t their questins. Hwever, given varius limitatins and the wrld’s cmplexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is ften the best way fr scientists t reach their gals and slve the prblems at hand.
In the wrld f science, disagreement is a feature, nt a bug. Science is a scial prcess in which the cmmunity’s scrutiny (審查) ensures we have the best available knwledge. “Best available” des nt mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find ut hw t imprve it.
The lng histry f atmism (原子論) shws hw science is a prcess rather than a fast delivery f results set in stne. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin cnducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussin regarding atms, questins abut the atm’s prperties were abut t spark decades f cntrversy with the birth f quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussins cntinue t the present day.
S, real science is a cllective, imperfect and many-sided prcess in which scientists cntribute multiple and ften partial slutins t cmplex and diverse prblems.
1．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the article?
A．By presenting a typical miscnceptin.B．By giving an example f scientific failure.
C．By describing a scientific research prcess.D．By telling a scientist’s persnal experience.
2．What d Paragraph 2 and 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The histry f scientific research.
B．The challenges faced by scientists.
C．The methds scientists use t share results.
D．The specific attentin f scientists n their research.
3．What is the authr’s view n disagreement in science?
A．It inspires critical thinking.
B．It seeks universal standards.
C．It creates cnfusin and delays cnclusins.
D．It indicates imperfectin in research appraches.
4．What des the real scientific prcess emphasize?
A．Cmplete and immediate slutins.B．Individual achievements and final results.
C．Diverse cntributins and nging revisins.D．Definitive answers and cmplete certainty.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)的本質(zhì)是集體、不完美且多面的過程，科學(xué)家通過多種視角和方法解決復(fù)雜問題，分歧和持續(xù)改進(jìn)是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵。
1．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“A man in a lab cat bends under a dim light with tight eyes lking at a micrscpe. Time is shrt, the pays-ff are high, and nly this scientist can save everyne. That kind f rmanticized picture f science was standard fr a lng time. But it’s far frm the truth. (一位身穿實(shí)驗(yàn)室外套的男士在昏暗的燈光下瞇著眼睛，俯身盯著顯微鏡。時(shí)間緊迫，回報(bào)豐厚，而且只有這位科學(xué)家能夠拯救所有人。很長一段時(shí)間以來，這種對(duì)科學(xué)的浪漫化想象一直是人們心中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖景。但這與事實(shí)相去甚遠(yuǎn))”可知，作者通過呈現(xiàn)一種長期存在的對(duì)科學(xué)的浪漫化誤解來引入文章的主題。故選A。
2．主旨大意題。由文章第二段中“Sme scientists search fr the causes f sme bservable effects, such as the link between destryed frests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” f things. (有些科學(xué)家探究某些可觀察到的現(xiàn)象背后的原因，比如森林遭到破壞與地球氣溫上升之間的聯(lián)系。還有些科學(xué)家可能會(huì)研究事物的“是什么”，而非“為什么”)”和第三段中“Beynd the “what” and the “why”, scientists may fcus n the “hw”. (除了“是什么”和“為什么”，科學(xué)家們還可能關(guān)注“怎么做”)”可知，第二段和第三段主要講述了科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯恐兴唧w關(guān)注的不同方面，也就是科學(xué)家研究的具體關(guān)注點(diǎn)。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。由文章第五段“In the wrld f science, disagreement is a feature, nt a bug. Science is a scial prcess in which the cmmunity’s scrutiny (審查) ensures we have the best available knwledge. “Best available” des nt mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find ut hw t imprve it. (在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，存在分歧是一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，而非缺陷。科學(xué)是一個(gè)社會(huì)性的過程，科學(xué)界的審查能確保我們掌握目前所能獲取的最佳知識(shí)?！澳壳八塬@取的最佳知識(shí)”并不意味著“確鑿無疑的”，而是指在我們找到改進(jìn)方法之前，這是我們所擁有的最好的知識(shí))”可知，作者認(rèn)為這種分歧促使科學(xué)界進(jìn)行審查，以獲取更好的知識(shí)，也就是激發(fā)了批判性思維。故選A。
4．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“S, real science is a cllective, imperfect and many-sided prcess in which scientists cntribute multiple and ften partial slutins t cmplex and diverse prblems. (所以，真正的科學(xué)是一個(gè)集體參與的、并不完美的、多面性的過程。在這個(gè)過程中，科學(xué)家們?yōu)閺?fù)雜多樣的問題提供多種往往只是部分有效的解決方案)”可推知，真正的科學(xué)過程強(qiáng)調(diào)多樣化的貢獻(xiàn)和不斷的修訂。故選C。
五、文化與藝術(shù)類
押題1
In tday’s intercnnected wrld, crss-cultural cmmunicatin has emerged as a vital skill fr fstering internatinal cperatin and scial harmny. Britain, with its centuries-ld histry f absrbing diverse influences and its current multicultural landscape, serves as an ideal example f hw traditin and mdernity can cexist t bridge cultural gaps.
The rts f British cultural adaptability trace back t ancient times. When the Rmans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they nt nly established management systems but als cnstructed public facilities such as rads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the nrthern brder f their empire. These innvatins nt nly managed cnflicts with Celtic tribe’s but als laid the fundatin fr future cultural exchanges. Tday, this legacy f blending ld and new remains evident. Fr instance, the British Parliament maintains strict dress cdes requiring frmal suits and rbed (長袍) during sessins, symblizing respect fr traditin. Meanwhile, mdern Britain embraced literary festivals and experimental theater prductins, reflecting its dynamic engagement with cntemprary artistic expressin.
Hwever, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In internatinal business settings, British prfessinals ften priritize building trust thrugh indirect cmmunicatin and tea-break small talk, while their American cunterparts favr straightfrward discussins t get straight t the pint. Research by the Lndn Business Schl (2022) reveals that 68 % f crss-Atlantic negtiatins face delays due t these cntrasting styled. Americans may interpret British pliteness as in decisin, whereas Britns perceive American directness as impersnal and verlay fcused nly n business deals.
Language differences further test cultural sensitivity. A simple phrase like “I’ll cnsider it” in British English ften means a plite refusal, whereas Americans might take it literally as penness t further discussin. Even gestured differ: maintaining eye cntact is seen as cnfident in the U. S. But may be viewed as aggressive in sme British cntexts.
T address these challenged, educatinal institutins play a key rle. Universities like Oxfrd and Cambridge nw ffer curses such as “Glbal Cmmunicatin Strategies,” where students rle-play negtiatin scene’s and analyze case studies f multinatinal crpratins. Such training emphasized empathy, active listening, and adapting cmmunicatin styled t diverse audiences. As glbalizatin cntinued t erase brders, mastering these skills becmes nt just beneficial but essential fr building a mre inclusive wrld.
1．What can be knwn abut the purpse f the Rmans building Hadrian’s Wall?
A．T establish trade ruted with Celtic tribes.B．T mark the suthern brder f the Rman Empire.
C．T shwcase advanced architectural skills.D．T manage cnflicts and cntrl territry.
2．What can be inferred abut British and American negtiatin style frm Paragraph 3?
A．Their differences may lead t misunderstandings.B．They bth value lng-term relatinships equally.
C．Americans prefer indirect cmmunicatin.D．British negtiatrs fcus n shrt-term gains.
3．What des the wrd “impersnal” mean in the cntext f American negtiatrs?
A．Friendly and emtinal.B．Aggressive and rude.
C．Emtinally distant and frmal.D．Humrus and casual.
4．What might the authr discuss next regarding crss-cultural cmmunicatin training?
A．The histry f Rman educatin systems.B．Specific methds used in university cursed.
C．Hw technlgy replaces traditinal teaching.D．Ecnmic csts f cultural misunderstandings.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。本文以英國為例，探討了跨文化溝通的歷史根基與現(xiàn)代挑戰(zhàn)，包括傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代價(jià)值觀的融合、國際談判中的文化誤解及語言差異，并強(qiáng)調(diào)通過教育培養(yǎng)文化敏感性的重要性。文章指出，在全球化時(shí)代，理解并適應(yīng)文化差異是促進(jìn)國際合作與社會(huì)和諧的關(guān)鍵。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“When the Rmans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they nt nly established management systems but als cnstructed public facilities such as rads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the nrthern brder f their empire. (公元前55年，當(dāng)羅馬人入侵不列顛時(shí)，他們不僅建立了管理系統(tǒng)，還建造了公路和哈德良長城等公共設(shè)施——哈德良長城是一座標(biāo)志著他們帝國北部邊界的大型防御建筑)”可知，哈德良長城是一座防御建筑，用來標(biāo)記羅馬帝國的北部邊界。因此，可以推斷出建造哈德良長城的目的是為了管理沖突和控制領(lǐng)土。D選項(xiàng)“T manage cnflicts and cntrl territry. (為了管理沖突和控制領(lǐng)土)”符合題意。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hwever, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In internatinal business settings, British prfessinals ften priritize building trust thrugh indirect cmmunicatin and tea-break small talk, while their American cunterparts favr straightfrward discussins t get straight t the pint. (然而，應(yīng)對(duì)文化差異仍然具有挑戰(zhàn)性。在國際商務(wù)環(huán)境中，英國專業(yè)人士通常通過間接溝通和茶歇閑聊來優(yōu)先建立信任，而他們的美國同行則更喜歡直截了當(dāng)?shù)挠懻摚灾北贾黝}。)”可知，此處明確提到了英國和美國在談判風(fēng)格上的差異。同時(shí)本段中“Research by the Lndn Business Schl (2022) reveals that 68% f crss-Atlantic negtiatins face delays due t these cntrasting styles. (倫敦商學(xué)院(2022年)的研究顯示，由于這些截然不同的風(fēng)格，68%的跨大西洋談判面臨延誤)”說明這些差異談判風(fēng)格可能導(dǎo)致誤解和延誤。因此，可以推斷出A選項(xiàng) “Their differences may lead t misunderstandings. (他們的差異可能導(dǎo)致誤解) ”符合題意。故選A。
3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Americans may interpret British pliteness as indecisin, whereas Britns perceive American directness as impersnal and verly fcused nly n business deals. (美國人可能會(huì)把英國人的禮貌解釋為猶豫不決，而英國人則認(rèn)為美國人的直截了當(dāng)是……和過于專注于生意) ”可知，這里提到了英國人對(duì)美國人直截了當(dāng)?shù)目捶ㄊ恰癷mpersnal”，并且與“verly fcused nly n business deals”并列，即英國人則認(rèn)為美國人的過于專注于生意，這種直截了當(dāng)使情感上疏遠(yuǎn)，而且過于正式的即不近人情的。選項(xiàng)C“Emtinally distant and frmal. (情感上疏遠(yuǎn)和正式的)”與劃線詞為同義詞。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“T address these challenges, educatinal institutins play a key rle. Universities like Oxfrd and Cambridge nw ffer curses such as ‘Glbal Cmmunicatin Strategies,’ where students rle-play negtiatin scenes and analyze case studies f multinatinal crpratins. (為了解決這些挑戰(zhàn)，教育機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。牛津和劍橋等大學(xué)現(xiàn)在提供‘全球溝通策略’等課程，學(xué)生可以在其中扮演談判場景并分析跨國公司的案例研究)”這里提到了大學(xué)提供的跨文化交流培訓(xùn)課程，并舉例說明了課程的內(nèi)容。因此，可以推斷出作者接下來可能會(huì)討論這些課程中使用的具體方法。選項(xiàng)B“Specific methds used in university curses. (大學(xué)課程中使用的具體方法) ”符合題意。故選B。
押題2
I'm an artist, always cnsidering art and beauty as essential t life as daily bread. Hwever, I didn't initially think much abut hw thers perceived art. Over time, I nticed that many, even mst peple, regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity.
My rudest awakening n this subject came during a visit t Britain. While explring the cuntryside, I stpped at a small stre that made its wn cheese daily. The salespersn, a yung wman with an air f expertise, was astnished by my ignrance f milk prducts. When I asked if they sld the cheese made that mrning, she said with annyance, “Dn't yu knw nthing abut cheese?” Suddenly and withut thinking, I said, “N. D yu knw anything abut art?” Her reply “N. But that's nt smething yu have t d with every day, and cheese is!” made me realize that fr mst peple, art isn't a daily essential.
Despite this cmmn view, I firmly believe art is as crucial as fd. It's the expressin f ur individuality. We all share basic human qualities, feelings, and lngings, but it's hw we express them uniquely that defines art.
Thrughut art histry, while the subject matter f paintings may be similar, the true essence lies in the artist's unique style. Museums, which I nce saw as the preserve f a few great artists, nw seem t sptlight the universal truth f individual uniqueness. They remind us that expressing ur riginality is the cre f art and life.
Art is everywhere in ur daily lives. Whether we're cking, arranging flwers, r cnducting business, art is ur unique vice, helping us resist the pressure t fllw and preserve ur individual beauty. As Jhn Muir said, “Everybdy needs beauty as well as bread.” Art is indeed a universal, individual, and fundamental truth, an essential part f ur daily existence.
1．Hw did the authr riginally react t thers' views n art?
A．He felt curius.B．He paid little attentin.
C．He was cncerned.D．He was ppsed t them.
2．What did the authr learn during his visit t the British stre?
A．The beauty in cheese.B．The necessities in life.
C．Cmmn pinin n art.D．The value f art in life.
3．Why des the authr think art is crucial?
A．It shapes ne's persnality.B．It's as cmmn as daily bread.
C．It enriches peple's lives.D．It's a way t shw ff neself.
4．What des the text mainly cnvey t us?
A．The significance f art in everyday life.
B．The authr's lng-term passin fr art.
C．The difference between art and daily needs.
D．The histry f art and the rle f museums.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了作者對(duì)藝術(shù)在生活中的重要性的看法，并通過個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和藝術(shù)史的觀點(diǎn)來論證藝術(shù)是日常生活的必需品。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Hwever, I didn't initially think much abut hw thers perceived art.(然而，我最初并沒有過多考慮別人如何看待藝術(shù))”可知，作者最初對(duì)他人對(duì)藝術(shù)的看法并不在意。故選B。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Her reply “N. But that's nt smething yu have t d with every day, and cheese is!” made me realize that fr mst peple, art isn't a daily essential.(她的回答“不，但藝術(shù)不是你每天都要接觸的東西，而奶酪是！”讓我意識(shí)到，對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，藝術(shù)并不是日常必需品)”可知，作者在商店的經(jīng)歷讓他了解到大眾對(duì)藝術(shù)的普遍看法。故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Despite this cmmn view, I firmly believe art is as crucial as fd. It's the expressin f ur individuality. We all share basic human qualities, feelings, and lngings, but it's hw we express them uniquely that defines art.(盡管有這種普遍的觀點(diǎn)，但我堅(jiān)信藝術(shù)和食物一樣重要。它是我們個(gè)性的表現(xiàn)。我們都有基本的人類品質(zhì)、情感和渴望，但我們?nèi)绾为?dú)特地表達(dá)它們才是藝術(shù)的定義。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為藝術(shù)的重要性在于它塑造了個(gè)性。故選A。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段“Art is indeed a universal, individual, and fundamental truth, an essential part f ur daily existence.(藝術(shù)確實(shí)是一種普遍的、個(gè)人的、基本的真理，是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹谋匦杵?。）可知，本文主要傳達(dá)了藝術(shù)在日常生活中的重要性。故選A。
押題3
In a drawing rm in rural Oxfrdshire, an artist slwly and deliberately puts pen t paper. Her arm mves acrss the canvas, the marks gradually integrating int a prtrait f herself. It seems like a mment f creative expressin. But this is n rdinary artist—she is the wrld’s first humanid rbt artist, Ai-Da. By design, her very existence brings int questin hw we define art, and wh, r in this case, what, can create it.
Will AI algrithms (算法) and rbts like Ai-Da mean the end f human creativity and artistry,r can they strengthen ur wn creative ptential? When Marcel Duchamp prpsed that a urinal (小便池) be cnsidered art, he flipped the art wrld n its head. In much the same way, AI-created artwrks are changing the standards f the art wrld, because bth were cntrversial and cntain bjects that haven’t technically been created by an “artist’s” hand.
Smene argues that a humanid artist like Ai-Da represents sciety’s current fears — the rise f jb-stealing AI algrithms and ptential rbt dminatin. But technlgical revlutins like artificial intelligence dn’t necessarily mean the “end f art” as many fear. Instead, they can help t kickstart an artistic transfrmatin and mve us twards different ways f seeing and creating. “AI might kick us int being creative again as humans,” says mathematician du Sauty, wh sees it as a pwerful partner in the pursuit f human creativity.
Hwever, questins f authrship haunt the artificial intelligence stry. Artists Hlly Herndn and Mat Dryhurst c-funded Spawning AI, which aimed at empwering human creatrs t prhibit AI frm using their wrks. But there are als artists wh see AI as a new utlet fr their wn creativity. Sme artists are nw even training algrithms in an attempt t push their wn creative bundaries.
It’s clear that AI algrithms and machines like Ai-Da are having an impact n the art wrld. Their wrks are exhibited alngside mre traditinal frms f art wrldwide. Next year we’ll see the wrld’s first AI art gallery pen its drs in LA．Eva J?ger, the creative AI lead, is als helping t bring AI art t the masses, with a prgramme f exhibitins leading t critical discussin abut the impact f technlgy n art. She sees the cperatin between human and machine as a space fr real creative ptential.
1．What des the phrase “flipped the art wrld n its head” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Overturned the art standards.B．Dminated the art wrld.
C．Bradened artists’ hrizns.D．Recgnized artists’ wisdm.
2．What influence will Ai-Da generate n the art wrld?
A．It will increase the cmmercial value.B．It will replace human artists sn.
C．It may bst human creativity.D．It may help artists prtect their wrks.
3．What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Spawning AI helps prduce better art wrks.B．Sme artists trained AI t wrk fr them.
C．AI art gallery will win ver mre visitrs.D．Eva lks favrably t the future f AI.
4．What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T argue that AI will eventually utperfrm human artists.
B．T explre the impact f AI n art definitin and creativity.
C．T prmte the idea that artwrks created by AI lacks value.
D．T recrd the histry f art mvements and their significance.
【答案1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要探討了人工智能(AI)和機(jī)器人如Ai-Da對(duì)藝術(shù)定義和人類創(chuàng)造力的影響，以及AI在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的潛在作用和未來發(fā)展方向。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“When Marcel Duchamp prpsed that a urinal (小便池) be cnsidered art, he flipped the art wrld n its head. In much the same way, AI-created artwrks are changing the standards f the art wrld, because bth were cntrversial and cntain bjects that haven’t technically been created by an “artist’s” hand.(當(dāng)馬塞爾·杜尚提出將小便池視為藝術(shù)時(shí)，他flipped the art wrld n its head，同樣，人工智能創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品正在改變藝術(shù)界的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际怯袪幾h的，而且包含的物品在技術(shù)上并不是由“藝術(shù)家”的手創(chuàng)作的。)”可知，當(dāng)馬塞爾·杜尚提出將小便池視為藝術(shù)時(shí)，他徹底改變了藝術(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故“flipped the art wrld n its head”意味著徹底改變了藝術(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選A。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Instead, they can help t kickstart an artistic transfrmatin and mve us twards different ways f seeing and creating.(相反，它們可以幫助啟動(dòng)藝術(shù)變革，推動(dòng)我們走向不同的觀看和創(chuàng)作方式)”可知，Ai-Da可能會(huì)促進(jìn)人類的創(chuàng)造力。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“She sees the cperatin between human and machine as a space fr real creative ptential.(她認(rèn)為人與機(jī)器之間的合作是一個(gè)真正具有創(chuàng)造潛力的空間)”可推知， Eva對(duì)AI的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選D。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“By design, her very existence brings int questin hw we define art, and wh, r in this case, what, can create it.(她的存在本身就引發(fā)了我們?nèi)绾味x藝術(shù)以及誰，或者在這種情況下，什么可以創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的問題)”可推知，作者寫作的目的是探討AI對(duì)藝術(shù)定義和創(chuàng)造力的影響。故選B。
六、社會(huì)生活類
押題1
Mst have prbably heard f Henry David Threau and his bk Walden, even thugh his message f simplicity may sund utdated. Nwadays, smartphnes fld us with text messages. Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past.
Threau wuld beg t differ. As a writer wh advcated the value f simplicity almst tw centuries ag, he was a cntrarian (叛逆者) fr his time. He lived during the height f the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise f large factries, expanding urban develpments, and pwerful machines.
Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds. He brught with him nly the necessities f life and wrte abut this adventure in his bk Walden. In the bk, Threau is basically making a philsphical statement. We are nt living meaningful lives due t mdern technlgy. We created pwerful machines t make life mre cnvenient. Unfrtunately, these machines have dne the ppsite. In his wrds, “men have becme the tls f their tls”.
That is t say, we are nt the nes cntrlling technlgy. Technlgy is cntrlling us. Every few minutes, smartphnes may distract us with messages. At least half f Americans check their phnes several times an hur. Meanwhile, infrmatin verlad frm scial media can weaken ur cncentratin and heighten cnfusin.
When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse. Persnally, I’ve dne s in tw ways. First, I use very little data n my phne and keep the apps n it t a minimum. Mst time, I nly use my phne t call r text. Secnd, I quit mst scial media. Sure, thse tw things aren’t as extreme as Threau withdrawing int the wds. Nevertheless, they’re realistic mves I can make tward living a mre meaningful life.
1．Why des the authr refer t Threau’s bk Walden in Paragraph1?
A．T tell the characters f Threau.B．T attract mre cnsumers.
C．T bring in the cncept f simple life.D．T discuss the advantage f smartphnes.
2．What might drive Threau t live in the wds?
A．The purpse t keep fit.B．His plan f writing a bk.
C．The pace f his time.D．His wrry abut technlgy.
3．What is the authr’s attitude t Threau’s wrds “men have becme the tls f their tls”?
A．Tlerant.B．Dubtful.C．Apprving.D．Critical.
4．What is the authr’s main argument in this text?
A．Mdern technlgy imprves ur lives.B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C．We shuld withdraw frm mdern sciety.D．Pwerful machines are necessary fr prgress.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了梭羅的簡單生活理念及其對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的啟示。
1．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Mst have prbably heard f Henry David Threau and his bk Walden, even thugh his message f simplicity may sund utdated. Nwadays, smartphnes fld us with text messages. Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past. (大多數(shù)人可能都聽說過亨利·戴維·梭羅和他的著作《瓦爾登湖》，盡管他提倡簡樸生活的理念聽起來可能已經(jīng)過時(shí)。如今，智能手機(jī)向我們狂轟濫炸般發(fā)送短信。許多消費(fèi)者都在購買最新的數(shù)字設(shè)備，從平板電腦、健身追蹤器到商用無人機(jī)應(yīng)有盡有。簡樸生活似乎已經(jīng)成了過去式。)”可知，作者提到梭羅的《瓦爾登湖》是為了引出簡單生活的概念。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds. (梭羅厭倦了那個(gè)時(shí)代的持續(xù)忙碌，于是從城市生活中抽身，獨(dú)自住在樹林里。)”可知，他的時(shí)間節(jié)奏促使梭羅住在樹林里。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“That is t say, we are nt the nes cntrlling technlgy. Technlgy is cntrlling us. Every few minutes, smartphnes may distract us with messages. At least half f Americans check their phnes several times an hur. Meanwhile, infrmatin verlad frm scial media can weaken ur cncentratin and heighten cnfusin. (也就是說，我們不是控制技術(shù)的人。技術(shù)在控制我們。每隔幾分鐘，智能手機(jī)就可能用消息分散我們的注意力。至少有一半的美國人每小時(shí)會(huì)查看幾次手機(jī)。與此同時(shí)，社交媒體上的信息過載會(huì)削弱我們的專注力，加劇困惑。)”可知，作者認(rèn)同梭羅的觀點(diǎn)，即人們已成為自己創(chuàng)造的工具的奴隸，技術(shù)正在控制我們。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes. Simple living seems t be a thing f the past. (許多消費(fèi)者都在購買最新的數(shù)字設(shè)備，從平板電腦、健身追蹤器到商用無人機(jī)應(yīng)有盡有。簡樸生活似乎已經(jīng)成了過去式。)”和最后一段“When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse. (當(dāng)技術(shù)造成如此多的干擾和困惑時(shí)，通過減少過度使用技術(shù)來簡化生活可能是有益的。)”可知，作者的主要論點(diǎn)是簡化生活在一定程度上有助于過上更有意義的生活。故選B。
押題2
Fr t lng, we’ve been living n the edge f burnut, with t-d lists grwing lnger, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive. But if there’s n time t breathe r rm t think, hw are we able t cme up with new ideas, let alne carry them ut?
I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect. Hwever, the tide is turning in the wrld f wrk: there’s a grwing pushback against nn-stp demands, and increased awareness abut the benefits — including imprved cncentratin, creativity and jb satisfactin-f ding ne thing at a time.
Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither. But it’s actually a little mre cmplex than this. If ne f the tasks is familiar t yu and desn’t demand t much f yu cgnitively (認(rèn)知地), it may well be that yu can take n a secnd task at the same time. The main issue is thinking yu can d bth at nce fr thse tasks where yu can’t. This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adpted by all srts f typically high-achieving peple and a mark f status. But ur brains cannt cmplete tasks at the same time. They are cmpleted in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.
1．What’s peple’s cmmn view t busyness?
A．It is a way t generate new ideas.
B．It shws that peple are less prductive.
C．It reflects peple’s pr time-management.
D．It is a symbl f efficiency and excellence.
2．Hw des the authr feel after she became self-emplyed?
A．Relaxed.B．Panicked.C．Uneasy.D．Stress-free.
3．What can we learn abut multitasking frm paragraph 3?
A．It can reduce ur prductivity.B．It can weaken ur cgnitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and cncentrated.D．It is essential in tday’s fast-pace wrld.
4．What des the authr suggest in the passage?
A．Fllwing high-achieving peple.B．Wrking ne task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency f multitasking.D．Challenging ur brain capacity.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們普遍存在的過度忙碌和“多任務(wù)處理”現(xiàn)象，以及這種生活方式對(duì)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力和工作效率的負(fù)面影響。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive.(忙碌一直被當(dāng)作一種榮譽(yù)的象征，而閑暇時(shí)光則被視為毫無成效，這早已不是什么秘密。)”可知，忙碌一直被當(dāng)作一種榮譽(yù)的象征，而閑暇時(shí)光則被視為毫無成效。這意味著在人們的普遍觀念中，忙碌是一種值得驕傲的事情，可理解為忙碌象征著效率和優(yōu)秀。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect.(直到2023年我開始自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，我才意識(shí)到這種生活方式在我身上已經(jīng)根深蒂固到了何種程度。原本預(yù)期在忙碌時(shí)段與清閑時(shí)段之間取得平衡后，能獲得喘息和反思的機(jī)會(huì)，從而感到輕松，可沒想到卻帶來了焦慮和自我評(píng)判。)”可知，作者在2023年開始自主創(chuàng)業(yè)后，原本預(yù)期在忙碌和清閑之間取得平衡能獲得喘息和反思的輕松感，但沒想到卻帶來了焦慮和自我評(píng)判，作者自主創(chuàng)業(yè)后感到不安。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither.(根據(jù)《時(shí)間箱管理》一書的作者M(jìn)arc Za-Sanders的說法，“多任務(wù)處理”指的是試圖同時(shí)處理兩件事情，例如在開會(huì)時(shí)快速發(fā)送幾封電子郵件。遺憾的是，這樣做的結(jié)果可能是兩件事都沒做好，而且兩件事都體驗(yàn)不佳。)”以及“This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.(這樣做不僅效率低下，還很容易讓人感到沮喪。)”可知，多任務(wù)處理可能導(dǎo)致兩件事都做不好，既沒有效率還容易讓人沮喪，所以會(huì)降低我們的工作效率。故選A。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.(多任務(wù)處理讓我們更快地感到疲憊，也降低了我們的效率。所以，讓我們告別一次處理一百件事情的時(shí)代吧。)”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了多任務(wù)處理的壞處，結(jié)合最后一句告別一次處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的時(shí)代，可推斷出作者建議一次只做一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。故選B。
押題3
Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (贊美). Hwever, giving cmpliments is n straightfrward matter and requires skills and knwledge. Dne well, wrds f praise can be a cmfrting balm fr human relatins. But dne prly; cmpliments can be ineffective. even destructive.
Whether the cmpliment is effective in uplifting the ther persn depends n whether it is believable,apprpriate, and qualified. If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives,because I am hairless. Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere and unscripted, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
Cnsider, fr example, hw yu’d respnd t a flattering cmpliment frm a salespersn yu’d never met abut hw smart and discriminating yu are when yu’re leaning tward a particular purchase. Yu’d prbably find that kind f cmpliment ff-putting, because the persn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and is simply buttering yu up t make a sale. The cmpliment fails n all three cunts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspicius, and yur willingness t spend mney in a stre is nt a meaningful cntext fr grading yur intelligence.
Given all f this, it might sund as thugh giving a cmpliment that can be accepted and beneficial is difficult and fraught. My idea is: Mving beynd ther peple’s appearance and perfrmance. One quality peple rarely cmpliment — but shuld — is what the psychlgist Rhett Diessner calls“mral beauty,” a characteristic that is reflected in acts f charity, kindness, sympathy, frgiveness, curage, r self-sacrifice.Diessner finds that witnessing such beauty brings mral elevatin, which is experienced as“pleasant feelings f warmth in the chest, feeling uplifted, mved,” which in turns leads t being mre “ptimistic abut humanity.” In a cmplicated and cnflict-filled wrld, saying“Nice tie!” r“Gd jb!” is fine. But making a habit f recgnizing and cmplimenting true acts f lve and kindness can help us all get mre f the uplift we need.
1．What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A．Giving cmpliments is nt as imprtant as giving and taking criticism.
B．The impact f giving cmpliments is ften straightfrward and fixed.
C．Cmpliments can be ineffective r even destructive when yu are pr.
D．The imprtance f giving cmpliments can never be veremphasized.
2．Accrding t Paragraph 2, what will the authr agree with abut cmpliments?
A．It is always challenging t deliver sincere cmpliments.
B．Dishnest peple are unqualified te give cmpliments.
C．Varius factrs impact the effectiveness f cmpliments.
D．Credible cmpliments shuld be well prepared befrehand.
3．What pint des the authr illustrate by mentining a salespersn’s cmpliment?
A．Salespeple are nt gd at giving sincere cmpliments.
B．Cmpliments given in a sales cntext are always believable.
C．A cmpliment must meet certain criteria t be accepted.
D．Peple shuld avid believing cmpliments frm a salespersn.
4．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Art and Science f Giving Effective Cmpliments
B．The Psychlgy behind Receiving Cmpliments Psitively
C．The Effect f Cmpliments n Human Relatinships
D．The Challenges and Rewards f Recgnizing Mral Beauty
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了贊美他人的重要性、有效贊美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及方式。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (贊美).(盡管給予和接受批評(píng)對(duì)于與他人相處很重要，但有一種技能確實(shí)勝過它：給予贊美的能力)”以及“Dne well, wrds f praise can be a cmfrting balm fr human relatins.(如果做得好，贊美之詞可以成為人際關(guān)系的一劑安慰良藥)”可推知，贊美他人的重要性再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whether the cmpliment is effective in uplifting the ther persn depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and qualified.(贊美是否能有效地提升他人，取決于它是否可信、恰當(dāng)和合格)”以及“Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it, it must be sincere and unscripted, and it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.(即使贊美符合一個(gè)人的自我認(rèn)知，它也必須滿足三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能被接受。贊美必須來自一個(gè)有可信度的人，必須是真誠的、自然的，并且必須在適當(dāng)?shù)那榫持谐霈F(xiàn))”可推知，各種因素影響贊美的有效性。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Yu’d prbably find that kind f cmpliment ff-putting, because the persn desn’t knw yu well enugh t judge yur true qualities and is simply buttering yu up t make a sale. The cmpliment fails n all three cunts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspicius, and yur willingness t spend mney in a stre is nt a meaningful cntext fr grading yur intelligence.(你可能會(huì)覺得這種贊美讓人不舒服，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人不夠了解你，無法判斷你的真實(shí)品質(zhì)，只是為了推銷而討好你。這種贊美在三個(gè)方面都不成立：贊美者缺乏可信度，他們的真誠度值得懷疑，而且你在商店花錢的意愿并不是衡量你智力的有意義的情境)”可推知，作者通過提到銷售人員的贊美來說明贊美必須滿足一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能被接受。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“Imprtant as giving and taking criticism is fr getting alng with thers, ne skill des utperfrm it: the ability t give cmpliments (贊美). Hwever, giving cmpliments is n straightfrward matter and requires skills and knwledge.(與給予和接受批評(píng)對(duì)與人相處很重要一樣，一項(xiàng)技能甚至更勝一籌：那就是給予贊美的能力。然而，給予贊美并不是一件簡單的事情，它需要技巧和知識(shí))”以及下文主要講述贊美的重要性和有效贊美的技巧可知，文章主要講述有效贊美的重要性和技巧，所以選項(xiàng)A“The Art and Science f Giving Effective Cmpliments(給予有效贊美的藝術(shù)與科學(xué))”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
七、思辨類
押題1
Winstn Churchill nce said, “Success cnsists f ging frm failure t failure withut lss f enthusiasm.” It’s ne f cuntless platitudes claiming that failure leads t success. But there’s strng evidence that such a cncept is wrngheaded and can lead t terrible real-wrld cnsequences, researchers said in a new reprt.
In fact, many peple d nt learn frm their failures, and it’s stupid t expect therwise, accrding t findings published June 10 in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy: General.
“Peple ften cnfuse what is with what ught t be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant prfessr f management and rganizatins at Nrthwestern University, said in a news release. “Peple ught t pay attentin and learn frm failure, but ften they dn’t because failure is demtivating and self-threatening.”
A series f 11 experiments invlving mre than 1,800 participants fund that peple ften dn’t gain wisdm frm failure, and that expecting them t d s can have ptentially terrible cnsequences: Peple vastly verestimated the percentage f prspective nurses, lawyers and teachers wh pass licensing exams after previusly failing them. Nurses tended t verestimate hw much clleagues wuld learn frm a past errr. Peple assumed that heart patients wuld embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many dn’t.
“Peple expect success t fllw failure much mre ften than it actually des,” Eskreis-Winkler said. “Peple usually assume that past behavir predicts future behavir, s it’s surprising that we ften believe the ppsite when it cmes t succeeding after failure.”
Telling peple they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain f a failure, but that way f thinking wn’t naturally turn int peple learning a lessn, researchers said. On the ther hand, peple can adjust their expectatins f thers when given mre infrmatin abut hw little failure actually brings gd results. Experiments fund peple were mre in favr f taxpayer mney being used fr recvery and drug treatment prgrams when they learned abut the lw rates f success fr peple using thse prgrams.
“Crrecting ur wrng beliefs abut failure culd help mve taxpayer dllars frm punishment t recvery and imprvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
1．What des the underlined wrd “platitudes” in Paragrah1 prbably mean?
A．Wrn-ut sayings.B．Cnfirmed principles.
C．Cnvincing examples.D．Cmmn statements.
2．What will assuming success after failure bring abut?
A．Higher success rate.B．N repetitin f mistakes.
C．Varied negative emtins.D．Overptimism abut results.
3．Which f the fllwing cases will the authr apprve f?
A．Being passive abut an intense relatinship.
B．Lwering expectatins f smkers after quit-failures.
C．Cnvincing the students a test failure is unimprtant.
D．Expecting emplyees t learn mre frm wrk failure.
4．What wuld be the best title f the text?
A．Braving Failures Fr SuccessB．Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C．Failures’ Benefits Might Be OverratedD．Success Ges Hand In Hand With Failure
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章對(duì)“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點(diǎn)提出了質(zhì)疑，并論述了人們往往不能從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，以及這種錯(cuò)誤觀念可能導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)實(shí)后果。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“But there’s strng evidence that such a cncept is wrngheaded and can lead t terrible real-wrld cnsequences, researchers said in a new reprt.(但研究人員在一份新報(bào)告中指出，有確鑿證據(jù)表明，這樣的觀念是錯(cuò)誤的，并且可能在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。)”可推測，劃線單詞的意思和“常見的、被廣泛提及的”相似。選項(xiàng)D“Cmmn statements.”，意為“常見的陳述”，與此相符。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“A series f 11 experiments invlving mre than 1,800 participants fund that peple ften dn’t gain wisdm frm failure, and that expecting them t d s can have ptentially terrible cnsequences: Peple vastly verestimated the percentage f prspective nurses, lawyers and teachers wh pass licensing exams after previusly failing them. Nurses tended t verestimate hw much clleagues wuld learn frm a past errr. Peple assumed that heart patients wuld embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many dn’t.(一系列由1800多名參與者參與的11項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們通常不會(huì)從失敗中獲得智慧，而且指望他們這樣做可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生潛在的嚴(yán)重后果：人們大大高估了那些之前考試未通過的準(zhǔn)護(hù)士、律師和教師在再次參加職業(yè)資格考試時(shí)的通過率。護(hù)士往往會(huì)高估同事從過去的錯(cuò)誤中所能學(xué)到的東西。人們以為心臟病患者會(huì)接受更健康的生活方式，但實(shí)際上很多人并沒有。)”以及第五段““Peple expect success t fllw failure much mre ften than it actually des,”Eskreis-Winkler said. “Peple usually assume that past behavir predicts future behavir, s it’s surprising that we ften believe the ppsite when it cmes t succeeding after failure.”(Eskreis-Winkler說：“人們期望失敗后能成功的頻率，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于實(shí)際情況。人們通常認(rèn)為過去的行為可以預(yù)測未來的行為，所以令人驚訝的是，當(dāng)涉及到失敗后能否成功時(shí)，我們常常持有相反的觀點(diǎn)?！?”可知，人們往往認(rèn)為失敗后會(huì)成功，但實(shí)際并非如此，這種想法會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們高估失敗后成功的概率，對(duì)結(jié)果過于樂觀。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Telling peple they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain f a failure, but that way f thinking wn’t naturally turn int peple learning a lessn, researchers said. On the ther hand, peple can adjust their expectatins f thers when given mre infrmatin abut hw little failure actually brings gd results.(研究人員表示，告訴人們失敗后會(huì)成功也許能減輕失敗帶來的痛苦，但這種思維方式并不會(huì)自然而然地讓人們吸取教訓(xùn)。另一方面，當(dāng)人們了解到失敗實(shí)際上很少能帶來好結(jié)果的更多信息時(shí)，他們可以調(diào)整對(duì)他人的期望。)”可知，人們常常高估失敗后會(huì)成功的情況，實(shí)際上很多人不會(huì)從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)人們了解到失敗很少能帶來好結(jié)果的更多信息時(shí)，應(yīng)該調(diào)整對(duì)他人的期望。選項(xiàng)B“Lwering expectatins f smkers after quit-failures.( 降低對(duì)戒煙失敗的吸煙者的期望)”符合文章中提到的糾正對(duì)失敗的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知，作者可能會(huì)認(rèn)可。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Peple ften cnfuse what is with what ught t be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant prfessr f management and rganizatins at Nrthwestern University, said in a news release. “Peple ught t pay attentin and learn frm failure, but ften they dn’t because failure is demtivating and self-threatening.”(該研究的首席研究員Lauren Eskreis-Winkler是西北大學(xué)管理與組織學(xué)助理教授，她在一份新聞稿中表示：“人們常常把‘是什么’和‘應(yīng)該是什么’混為一談。人們應(yīng)該留意并從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)，但他們往往做不到，因?yàn)槭?huì)讓人失去動(dòng)力，還會(huì)威脅到自尊心?！?”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇以溫斯頓?丘吉爾的話引出關(guān)于“失敗導(dǎo)致成功”這一觀點(diǎn)，接著指出有證據(jù)表明這種觀念是錯(cuò)誤的。隨后通過一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)說明人們通常不會(huì)從失敗中獲得智慧，且往往高估失敗后成功的可能性，還提到糾正對(duì)失敗的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知的意義。選項(xiàng)C“Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated(失敗的益處可能被高估了)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章主旨，即人們認(rèn)為失敗能帶來成功等益處這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的，失敗的益處被高估了。故選C。
押題2
It’s n secret that peple feel like they are getting busier.
Yet, are we really crazy busy? Wrk undertaken at the University Cllege Lndn’s Centre fr Time Use Research bldly claims that we are less, nt mre, busy ver the past half century. Hw can that be?
Cnsider this: Mdern inventins like the dishwasher, the washer and dryer, the micrwave and any number f ther labr-saving devices, have fundamentally diminished the time needed fr husehld chres. And “wrk hurs per week declined fr a century,” writes Kyle Kwalski, a best-selling authr, wh investigates in his bk the reasn we feel busy in such a cnvenient sciety.
It isn’t just the reality f hw we spend ur time that has shifted, either. Culturally, hw we define “busy” has als changed cnsiderably.
Histrically, wrking lng hurs didn’t generate admiratin. In ancient Rme, tium, the Latin wrd signifying freedm frm wrk and leisure time, was a dear activity t the wealthy wh culd happily affrd nt t wrk fr a living.
What a difference a few decades makes! Eln Musk, the wealthiest persn n the planet, prtrays himself as a wrkahlic, wrking 80 t 100 hurs per week. Celebrities brag abut their busyness and crazy wrk schedules n scial media. Recent data frm the U. S Census Bureau als suggests that the highest earners wrk the lngest hurs.
Part f this mnumental shift is dwn t the gradual rise f knwledge-intensive ecnmies. Labr markets are increasingly highly structured and cmpetitive, where human capital is ne f the mst prized ecnmic assets. On the supply side, wrkers invest heavily in their educatin and skill develpment, recgnizing that their human capital is their mst marketable resurce. On the demand side, cmpanies, institutins, and headhunters cmpete t attract tp talent and the best brains. All f this has helped usher in an envirnment where lng wrk hurs have becme a status symbl; a way fr individuals t demnstrate their wrth.
As Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances ur prductivity and efficiency at wrk, will we use the extra time t enjy ur lives, r will we simply push mre tasks int an already verladed schedule, seeking a sense f imprtance?
1．Which f the fllwing culd be Kyle Kwalski’s wrk?
A．Why D We Feel S Busy When Research Says We’re Nt?
B．What D Mdern Inventins Bring T Us Nwadays?
C．Hw Des Mdern Technlgy Weaken Our Busyness?
D．When Will Husehld Chres Be Ttally Dne By AI?
2．Why is Eln Musk mentined in paragraph 6?
A．T intrduce a tpic.B．T supprt an idea.
C．T make a predictin.D．T clarify a definitin.
3．Which f the fllwing best explains “mnumental” underlined in paragraph 7?
A．Majr.B．Psitive.C．Abrupt.D．Slight.
4．Why des the authr raise the questins in the last paragraph?
A．T urge readers t seek self-imprtance.
B．T advcate leading a busy and admirable life.
C．T inspire readers t reflect n the busy lifestyle.
D．T suggest fighting against the verladed schedule.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章通過比較歷史和現(xiàn)代的工作觀念，探討了為何現(xiàn)代人盡管有各種勞動(dòng)力節(jié)省設(shè)備，但依然感覺非常忙碌。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Wrk undertaken at the University Cllege Lndn’s Centre fr Time Use Research bldly claims that we are less, nt mre, busy ver the past half century. Hw can that be? (倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院時(shí)間使用研究中心進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究大膽聲稱，我們?cè)谶^去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里變得不那么忙了，而不是更加忙碌。怎么可能呢？)”以及第三段“And “wrk hurs per week declined fr a century,” writes Kyle Kwalski, a best-selling authr, wh investigates in his bk the reasn we feel busy in such a cnvenient sciety.(暢銷書作家凱爾·科瓦爾斯基在他的書中寫道，“每周工作時(shí)間減少了一個(gè)世紀(jì)”，他在書中調(diào)查了我們?cè)谶@樣一個(gè)便利的社會(huì)中感到忙碌的原因)”可推知，凱爾·科瓦爾斯基的書與我們?yōu)槭裁从X得忙碌有關(guān)，故選A。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Eln Musk, the wealthiest persn n the planet, prtrays himself as a wrkahlic, wrking 80 t 100 hurs per week. Celebrities brag abut their busyness and crazy wrk schedules n scial media. Recent data frm the U. S Census Bureau als suggests that the highest earners wrk the lngest hurs.(埃隆·馬斯克，地球上最富有的人，把自己描述為一個(gè)工作狂，每周工作80到100小時(shí)。名人在社交媒體上炫耀他們的忙碌和瘋狂的工作時(shí)間表。來自美國人口普查局的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，收入最高的人工作時(shí)間最長)”可推知，提到埃隆·馬斯克是為了支持現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中長時(shí)間工作被視為一種值得仰慕的現(xiàn)象，故選B。
3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Histrically, wrking lng hurs didn’t generate admiratin.(從歷史上看，長時(shí)間工作并不會(huì)引起人們的贊賞)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“What a difference a few decades makes!(幾十年的時(shí)間改變了很多)”可知，變化是巨大的，而這一巨大轉(zhuǎn)變的部分原因是知識(shí)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐漸崛起。所以這里的“mnumental”意為“大規(guī)模的、巨大的”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A最為接近，故選A。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段提出的“As Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances ur prductivity and efficiency at wrk, will we use the extra time t enjy ur lives, r will we simply push mre tasks int (當(dāng)生成式人工智能提高我們的生產(chǎn)力和工作效率時(shí)，我們會(huì)利用額外的時(shí)間享受生活，還是會(huì)簡單地將更多任務(wù)塞進(jìn)已經(jīng)過載的安排中，尋求一種重要感？)”以及全文的討論，可推知，作者提出這個(gè)問題的目的是希望讀者能夠反思這種忙碌的生活方式，故選C。
八、教育類
押題1
I have been studying the French language fr three years. This field f study has been the hardest but mst precius f my life. I wuld put it abve the study f writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-ld by under my mther’s guidance. I always “felt” I culd write. I did nt always “feel” I culd study a freign language effectively.
But here I am, right nw, in a French htel. I spke French at the brder, when I checked in and when I went t get lunch. I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. I feel, as I always d, like I am lst in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way mre clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French nvels; I didn’t feel it at schl. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as imprtant as any reality. The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney.
Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. They are nt the nrm (常態(tài)), thugh. The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing.
1．Hw des the authr feel abut making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward.B．Hpeless.C．Cmpetent.D．Rewarding.
2．Why des the authr emphasize feelings?
A．T highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．T shw that psitive thinking can drive grwth.
C．T illustrate that peple shuld fllw their hearts.
D．T clarify his experience in mindset transfrmatin.
2．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The lws are always fllwed by highs.
B．Feeling cnfident shuld be made a nrm.
C．Struggles are an essential part f learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning ccurs.
4．Which statement might the authr prbably agree with?
A．Fail again, fail better.B．Stay grunded, wrk fr greatness.
C．Accept the lws, wait fr the chance.D．Be curageus, explre the unknwn.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了學(xué)習(xí)過程中的掙扎、錯(cuò)誤與成長之間的關(guān)系，以及這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)個(gè)人成長的重要性。
1． 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. (我說得不流利。我聽錯(cuò)單詞。我真的不會(huì)使用復(fù)雜的語法。但我的話完全可以理解，并且達(dá)到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (這些自信和動(dòng)力的時(shí)刻是寶貴的，因?yàn)樗鼈兲嵝盐椅乙呀?jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己在法語中犯錯(cuò)是寶貴的經(jīng)歷，并且能讓他意識(shí)到自己的進(jìn)步，故作者認(rèn)為在法語中犯錯(cuò)是值得的。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney. (對(duì)犯錯(cuò)誤的恐懼滋養(yǎng)了絕望，使學(xué)習(xí)者放棄。難的不是語言學(xué)習(xí)本身。難的是你在當(dāng)前水平的自我認(rèn)知，以及你對(duì)自己永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是這樣的悲觀信念。將掙扎轉(zhuǎn)化為成長的轉(zhuǎn)變，才是真正讓學(xué)習(xí)成為改變?nèi)松穆贸獭?”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)感受是為了表明積極的思考可以推動(dòng)成長，將掙扎轉(zhuǎn)化為成長的轉(zhuǎn)變，才是真正讓學(xué)習(xí)成為改變?nèi)松穆贸?。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事實(shí)是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它們是學(xué)習(xí)過程的一部分，是塑造我們成為更好自己的轉(zhuǎn)變的一部分。然而，正是通過這些低谷，我一直在學(xué)習(xí)和成長。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為掙扎和低谷是學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重要部分，它們有助于我們的成長。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (這些自信和動(dòng)力的時(shí)刻是寶貴的，因?yàn)樗鼈兲嵝盐椅乙呀?jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己在法語中犯錯(cuò)是寶貴的經(jīng)歷，并且能讓他意識(shí)到自己的進(jìn)步；再根據(jù)最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事實(shí)是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它們是學(xué)習(xí)過程的一部分，是塑造我們成為更好自己的轉(zhuǎn)變的一部分。然而，正是通過這些低谷，我一直在學(xué)習(xí)和成長。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為掙扎和低谷是學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重要部分，它們有助于我們的成長，由此可知，作者可能同意“再試一次，更好地失敗”這一觀點(diǎn)，即不要害怕失敗，要從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)并再次嘗試。故選A。
押題2
Teaching is a caregiving prfessin. We all have that ne teacher wh inspired us t aim higher, chse a certain career path, r simply discver ur passins. This rle cmes with nt nly many satisfactins, but lts f pressure t hld yurselves t a higher standard. The respnsibilities f teachers nly increased during the pandemic, s teachers had t shw cmpassin fr students and parents — ften withut expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s s easy t think f teachers as selfless peple that give it all fr future generatins.
Hwever, where des that leave teachers? Educatrs are taught t d many things, but their educatin is usually lacking in addressing the emtinal prblems f being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed t make my nline classes as enjyable as pssible fr my students. Later, it turned ut that ther teachers were having prblems as well. I had zer reasns t feel s islated in my experience. What I needed was self-cmpassin. Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.” In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.
Being a teacher cmes with s many expectatins and respnsibilities. In thery, nbdy’s perfect, but there’s great pressure t be a gd rle mdel, educatr, mentr, etc. The inner critic has s much mre “material” t wrk with when yu’ re in frnt f a class. It’s n wnder that in stressful situatins, it’s harder t cntrl yur self-talk. Fr example, if yu fail t uplad a lessn n time, yur inner critic will jump at the chance t say, “Yu’ re s frgetful, and I can’t believe yu did this.”
It’s n secret that teachers are usually under a lt f stress. A part f the slutin can be incrprating self-cmpassin int teaching, which can nt nly enhance a satisfactry jb but als have a gd effect n students.
1．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Teachers’ dedicating themselves t the cause f teaching.
B．Teachers’ shwing great cmpassin fr themselves.
C．Teachers’ suffering frm unknwn mental pressure.
D．Teachers’ failing t learn smething in their careers.
2．Which f the fllwing fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view n self-cmpassin?
A．Self-cmpassin is hard fr teachers t learn.
B．Self-cmpassin helps teachers understand students well.
C．The mre self-cmpassin yu have, the mre benefits yu’ll get.
D．The mre yu understand thers, the mre self-cmpassin yu’ll have.
3．What can be inferred frm the example given in paragraph 3?
A．Teachers’ respnsibilities matter.B．Teachers have a lt f wrk pressure.
C．Teachers play a big rle in students’ life.D．It’s nrmal fr teachers t d wrng things.
4．What is mainly talked abut in the text?
A．The imprtance f teachers’ self-cmpassin.
B．The suggestins n raising future generatins.
C．The necessity f reducing the burden n teachers.
D．The appraches t teachers’ grwth and develpment.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了教師自我同情的重要性，指出教育者通常缺乏對(duì)自身情感問題的關(guān)注，而在疫情期間，教師更需要自我同情來應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，同時(shí)自我同情也能對(duì)教學(xué)和學(xué)生產(chǎn)生積極影響。
1．詞句猜測題。第一段中“That’s why it’s s easy t think f teachers as selfless peple that give it all fr future generatins.(這就是為什么很容易把老師看作是無私的人，他們?yōu)橄乱淮冻隽艘磺?”指出老師是無私的人，他們?yōu)橄乱淮冻隽艘磺?；根?jù)指代關(guān)系和第二段中“Hwever, where des that leave teachers? Educatrs are taught t d many things, but their educatin is usually lacking in addressing the emtinal prblems f being a teacher.(然而，那對(duì)教師來說意味著什么？教育者被教導(dǎo)要做很多事情，但他們的教育通常缺乏解決作為教師所面臨的情感問題)”可知，盡管教育者為下一代付出了一切，但他們自己卻通常缺乏對(duì)自身情感問題的關(guān)注。由此可推斷出，指示代詞“that”指代的是上文中“老師們無私地為教學(xué)事業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)一切”的這一行為。故選A項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.’ In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.(該領(lǐng)域的主要研究人員克里斯汀·內(nèi)夫博士說：“自我同情只是向內(nèi)的同情?！睋Q句話說，就是對(duì)自己表現(xiàn)出你通常對(duì)學(xué)生或生活中其他人表現(xiàn)出的同樣的關(guān)心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力獲得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面幫助你)”可知，克里斯汀·內(nèi)夫博士認(rèn)為自我同情就是對(duì)自己的同情，擁有更多的自我同情可以在生活的各個(gè)方面幫助你。由此推知，克里斯汀·內(nèi)夫博士會(huì)贊同“The mre self-cmpassin yu have, the mre benefits yu’ll get.(你擁有的自我同情越多，你得到的益處就越多)”。故選C項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Being a teacher cmes with s many expectatins and respnsibilities. In thery, nbdy’s perfect, but there’s great pressure t be a gd rle mdel, educatr, mentr, etc.(作為一名教師，有很多期望和責(zé)任。從理論上講，沒有人是完美的，但要成為一個(gè)好的榜樣、教育者、導(dǎo)師等等，壓力是很大的)”和“Fr example, if yu fail t uplad a lessn n time, yur inner critic will jump at the chance t say, ‘Yu’ re s frgetful, and I can’t believe yu did this.’(例如，如果你沒有按時(shí)上傳課程，你內(nèi)心的批評(píng)者會(huì)抓住機(jī)會(huì)說：‘你太健忘了，我不相信你竟然會(huì)這樣做?！?”可知，本段通過未能按時(shí)上傳課程的例子，說明了教師內(nèi)心的批評(píng)者會(huì)如何利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來指責(zé)自己，由此可推斷出，這個(gè)例子表明了教師的工作壓力很大。故選B項(xiàng)。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第二段中“What I needed was self-cmpassin. Accrding t Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-cmpassin is simply cmpassin directed inwards.’ In ther wrds, it’s abut shwing yurself the same care and understanding that yu typically shw students r ther peple in yur life. Sme peple have mre self-cmpassin than thers, and wrking twards achieving mre f it can help yu in all aspects f yur life.(我需要的是自我同情。該領(lǐng)域的主要研究人員克里斯汀·內(nèi)夫博士說：“自我同情只是向內(nèi)的同情?！睋Q句話說，就是對(duì)自己表現(xiàn)出你通常對(duì)學(xué)生或生活中其他人表現(xiàn)出的同樣的關(guān)心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力獲得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面幫助你)”和最后一段“It’s n secret that teachers are usually under a lt f stress. A part f the slutin can be incrprating self-cmpassin int teaching, which can nt nly enhance a satisfactry jb but als have a gd effect n students.(眾所周知，教師通常承受著很大的壓力。解決方案的一部分可以是將自我同情融入教學(xué)中，這不僅可以提升工作的滿意度，而且對(duì)學(xué)生也有好處)”可知，文章主要指出教師需要關(guān)注自身的情感問題，通過自我同情來應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，同時(shí)也能對(duì)教學(xué)產(chǎn)生積極影響，即論述了教師自我同情的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)。
押題3
Sme futurists have gne s far as t say that, intelligent machines will replace teachers within10 years. Nt surprisingly, this causes cncern amng educatrs. As artificial intelligence (AI) develps, it is playing an increasingly imprtant rle in educatin. But shuld teachers really be wrried?
I have been invlved in AI in educatin thrughut my career, develped award-winning AI-based prducts. While I am mre excited than ever abut the ptential f AI t imprve the quality and ecnmies f learning, I dn’t think educatrs shuld wrry abut being replaced by machines. Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.
Studies shw that teachers have mre impact n students’ achievement than any ther aspect f schling, and effective teachers have a lasting impact n students’ success. Yet many teachers reprt that their wrklad is unmanageable, and much f their time is devted t activities ther than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. Fr example, by autmating the scring f student wrk teachers spend less time n grading assignments and data input and management and fcus instead n respnding t students’ needs.
Teachers with large classes find it stressful t meet the needs f individual students. AI can give these the practice pprtunities and individualized feedback that they therwise might nt receive. Teachers have few pprtunities t interact with students utside f the classrm. AI-based learning envirnments can be made available t students anywhere and anytime. Learning can cntinue utside f the classrm. This helps every learner t make rapid prgress tward mastery f their subjects.
Thus, the questin shuld nt be whether AI will replace teachers, but hw it can supprt teacher and learners bth inside and utside the classrm.
1．Accrding t what futurists say in the first paragraph, we can learn ________.
A．AI might be a threat t educatrs
B．teachers are irreplaceable in schl
C．intelligent machines are develping fast
D．the teacher is playing an imprtant rle in educatin
2．What is the authr’s pinin abut AI in educatin?
A．AI can replace teachers.
B．AI is less useful than educatrs.
C．AI can make educatin very prfitable.
D．AI has the ptential t replace teachers.
3．Accrding t the authr, AI can supprt teachers by ________.
A．interacting with students
B．helping teachers rganize class activities
C．reducing the time teachers spend n activities ther than teaching
D．helping teachers check hw students are mastering what they have learnt
4．What is the authr mainly talking abut?
A．The develpment f AI.
B．The ways that AI can help educatrs.
C．The imprtance f educatrs in educatin.
D．The impacts that teachers have had n educatin.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章中作者認(rèn)為人工智能不但不會(huì)威脅到教師這份職業(yè)，它還可以幫助教師一起工作，并且具體講述了人工智能幫助教育工作者的方式。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Sme futurists have gne s far as t say that, intelligent machines will replace teachers within10 years.(一些未來學(xué)家甚至說，智能機(jī)器將在10年內(nèi)取代教師)”可知，一些未來學(xué)家認(rèn)為人工智能可能對(duì)教育工作者構(gòu)成威脅。故選A。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.(相反，人工智能更有可能為教師的工作助力：減少過度工作，讓他們的工作更有價(jià)值)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人工智能不但不會(huì)威脅到教師這份職業(yè)，它還可以幫助老師一起工作。C選項(xiàng)（人工智能可以對(duì)教育非常有好處）符合題意。故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Yet many teachers reprt that their wrklad is unmanageable, and much f their time is devted t activities ther than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. Fr example, by autmating the scring f student wrk teachers spend less time n grading assignments and data input and management and fcus instead n respnding t students’ needs.(然而，許多教師報(bào)告說，他們的工作量難以管理，他們的大部分時(shí)間都花在了教學(xué)以外的活動(dòng)上。這是人工智能可以提供幫助的領(lǐng)域。例如，通過自動(dòng)評(píng)分學(xué)生作業(yè)，教師花在批改作業(yè)、數(shù)據(jù)輸入和管理上的時(shí)間更少，而專注于回應(yīng)學(xué)生的需求)”可知，人工智能可以通過減少教師在教學(xué)以外的活動(dòng)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間的方式支持教師。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Instead, AI is mre likely t empwer teachers: reduce verwrk, and make their jbs mre rewarding.(相反，人工智能更有可能為教師的工作助力：減少過度工作，讓他們的工作更有價(jià)值)”及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人工智能對(duì)教育工作者的幫助。B選項(xiàng) (人工智能幫助教育工作者的方式。)能夠概括文章主旨。故選B。
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心理學(xué)類閱讀理解是高考英語中的重要題型之一，通常涉及人類行為、情緒、認(rèn)知、心理健康等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的邏輯思維能力和對(duì)心理學(xué)概念的理解能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
311
人格測試的局限性以及人格并非固定不變的觀點(diǎn)
議論文
推理判斷、詞句猜測、細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意
心理學(xué)類閱讀理解是高考英語中的重要題型之一，通常涉及人類行為、情緒、認(rèn)知、心理健康等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的邏輯思維能力和對(duì)心理學(xué)概念的理解能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
368
論述了科學(xué)的本質(zhì)
議論文
推理判斷、主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解
科學(xué)研究類說明文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、技術(shù)應(yīng)用、科學(xué)原理等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
354
發(fā)明創(chuàng)造不是一蹴而就的，而往往來自不斷的試錯(cuò)過程
議論文
推理判斷
科學(xué)研究類說明文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、技術(shù)應(yīng)用、科學(xué)原理等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
360
科學(xué)的本質(zhì)是集體、不完美且多面的過程
議論文
推理判斷、主旨大意
科學(xué)研究類說明文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、技術(shù)應(yīng)用、科學(xué)原理等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
369
在全球化時(shí)代，理解并適應(yīng)文化差異是促進(jìn)國際合作與社會(huì)和諧的關(guān)鍵
議論文
推理判斷、詞句猜測、細(xì)節(jié)理解
文化與藝術(shù)類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及文化傳承、藝術(shù)價(jià)值、文化多樣性、藝術(shù)與社會(huì)的關(guān)系等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的文化素養(yǎng)和對(duì)藝術(shù)話題的思辨能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
308
作者對(duì)藝術(shù)在生活中的重要性的看法
議論文
推理判斷、細(xì)節(jié)理解
文化與藝術(shù)類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及文化傳承、藝術(shù)價(jià)值、文化多樣性、藝術(shù)與社會(huì)的關(guān)系等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的文化素養(yǎng)和對(duì)藝術(shù)話題的思辨能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
388
人工智能(AI)和機(jī)器人如Ai-Da對(duì)藝術(shù)定義和人類創(chuàng)造力的影響，以及AI在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的潛在作用和未來發(fā)展方向
議論文
推理判斷、詞義猜測、細(xì)節(jié)理解
文化與藝術(shù)類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的重要題型之一，通常涉及文化傳承、藝術(shù)價(jià)值、文化多樣性、藝術(shù)與社會(huì)的關(guān)系等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的文化素養(yǎng)和對(duì)藝術(shù)話題的思辨能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
324
梭羅的簡單生活理念及其對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的啟示
議論文
推理判斷、主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解
社會(huì)生活類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的常見題型之一，通常涉及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、生活方式、人際關(guān)系、社會(huì)問題等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的社會(huì)觀察能力和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
325
現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們普遍存在的過度忙碌和“多任務(wù)處理”現(xiàn)象，以及這種生活方式對(duì)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力和工作效率的負(fù)面影響
議論文
推理判斷、細(xì)節(jié)理解
社會(huì)生活類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的常見題型之一，通常涉及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、生活方式、人際關(guān)系、社會(huì)問題等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的社會(huì)觀察能力和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
366
贊美他人的重要性、有效贊美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及方式
議論文
推理判斷、主旨大意
社會(huì)生活類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的常見題型之一，通常涉及社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、生活方式、人際關(guān)系、社會(huì)問題等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的社會(huì)觀察能力和邏輯思維能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
346
文章對(duì)“失敗是成功之母”這一常見觀點(diǎn)提出了質(zhì)疑
議論文
推理判斷、詞句猜測、主旨大意
思辨類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的高難度題型之一，通常涉及哲學(xué)、倫理、社會(huì)爭議等深層次主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力、批判性思維能力和對(duì)抽象概念的理解能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
362
通過比較歷史和現(xiàn)代的工作觀念，探討了為何現(xiàn)代人盡管有各種勞動(dòng)力節(jié)省設(shè)備，但依然感覺非常忙碌
議論文
推理判斷、詞句猜測、細(xì)節(jié)理解
思辨類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的高難度題型之一，通常涉及哲學(xué)、倫理、社會(huì)爭議等深層次主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力、批判性思維能力和對(duì)抽象概念的理解能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
339
論述了學(xué)習(xí)過程中的掙扎、錯(cuò)誤與成長之間的關(guān)系，以及這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)個(gè)人成長的重要性
議論文
推理判斷
教育類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的高頻題型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、學(xué)習(xí)方法、教育改革等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的教育背景知識(shí)和對(duì)教育問題的思辨能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
357
論述了教師自我同情的重要性
議論文
推理判斷、詞句猜測、主旨大意
教育類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的高頻題型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、學(xué)習(xí)方法、教育改革等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的教育背景知識(shí)和對(duì)教育問題的思辨能力。
詞數(shù)
話題
體裁
考點(diǎn)
押題理由
289
作者認(rèn)為人工智能不但不會(huì)威脅到教師這份職業(yè)
議論文
推理判斷、細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意
教育類議論文是高考英語閱讀理解中的高頻題型之一，通常涉及教育理念、教育制度、學(xué)習(xí)方法、教育改革等主題。這類文章不僅考查學(xué)生的語言理解能力，還要求考生具備一定的教育背景知識(shí)和對(duì)教育問題的思辨能力。

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