?專題6 動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破(講解版)
研究高考 明確考況
考查點(diǎn)
全國新高考卷
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動(dòng)詞的搭配





1、 動(dòng)詞:①、在完形填空中,重點(diǎn)考查語境中的詞義辨析。②、在語法填空中,側(cè)重考查與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞和副詞。
2、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查以一般體、進(jìn)行體和完成體為主
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
卷I,61題
浙江高考,61題
浙江高考,56題
卷I,38題
甲卷,66題
卷I,61題
卷I,67題
卷III,66題
卷I,65題
卷II,64題
卷II,66題
卷III,65題
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
浙江高考,59題
浙江高考,60題
卷I,40題
卷II,44題
甲卷,61題
卷I,68題
卷III,63題
卷III,69題
主謂一致
浙江高考,61題
卷I,41題
卷II,43題

卷II,62題
卷I,70題

必備知識(shí) 整合提高
考點(diǎn)1、動(dòng)詞
分考點(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)詞的基本劃分
Point 1 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是指具有完整意義,可以單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后面是否能直接跟賓語,可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)其所表示的動(dòng)作是否具有延續(xù)性,可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
(1)、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞
后面能直接跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞稱為及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞后可跟單賓語、雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。例如:read,tell,
keep等。后面不能直接跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞稱為不及物動(dòng)詞,不及物動(dòng)詞若接賓語,動(dòng)詞后需要加介詞。例如:agree, arrive,come,die,,happen等。
●He has finished the tough task. 他已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。(單賓語)
●My parents bought me a nice backpack. 我父母給我買了一個(gè)好看的背包。(雙賓語)
●I find the book very interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書非常有趣。(復(fù)合賓語)
● It is impolite to laugh at others..嘲笑別人是不禮貌的。
2)、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù),可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如:stay, write,,work,cay, repair,,hold等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示的動(dòng)作不可以延續(xù),是在瞬間完成的,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用(在否定句中可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用)。常見的有:finish,stop,put,go, come,,arrive, receive, close,,begin等。
●The boy slept until 7 o'clock this morning. 那個(gè)男孩一直睡到今天早晨7點(diǎn)。
●They didn't finish their homework until 12 o'clock. 他們直到12點(diǎn)才完成家庭作業(yè)。
Point 2 連系動(dòng)詞
連系動(dòng)詞后跟表語構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。
(1)、狀態(tài)連系動(dòng)詞:表示人或事物的狀態(tài),如be動(dòng)詞。
●Ability and wisdom are mental weapons for man. 能力和才智是人類的精神武器。
2)、持續(xù)連系動(dòng)詞:表示人或物持續(xù)或保持某種狀態(tài),如stay,remain,keep,stand(處于),lie(處于)等。
●The weather remained cold in April. 四月的天氣仍然很冷。
(3)、表象連系動(dòng)詞:表示“看起來;像”,如seem(看來),,appear(好像)等。
● It seems likely that he will miss Ireland'' s next match. 看來他有可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過愛爾蘭隊(duì)的下一場比賽。
4)感官連系動(dòng)詞:表示人的感覺,如feel,smell, sound, taste,look等。
● That music sounds beautiful. 那音樂聽起來很優(yōu)美。
【特別注意】
look,feel,taste, sound, smell作系動(dòng)詞時(shí),常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
●The flowers smell sweet..這些花聞起來很香。
5)、變化連系動(dòng)詞:表示由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硗庖环N狀態(tài),如become,tum,go,grow等。
● He became famous as a writer. 他作為作家而聞名。
分考點(diǎn)2??紕?dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
Point 1 用于“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+of+sth."結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞有
accuse控 cheat欺騙 cure治愈 inform通知 mind使想走 rob搶劫 warm警告 rid使擺脫
suspect懷疑 persuade說服 convince使信服
●This photo reminds me of my school days. 這張照片使我想起了我的學(xué)生時(shí)代。
●The fellow robbed me of my wallet on the bus. 那個(gè)家伙在公交車上搶了我的錢包。
Point 2 用于“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+for+sth."結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞有:
forgive原諒 excuse原諒 blame責(zé)備 criticize批評(píng) scold責(zé)備 thank感謝 pardon原諒
punish懲罰 admire 欽佩;贊賞 praise贊揚(yáng) respect尊重
●I used to blame my parents for messing up my life. 我過去常怪我的父母擾亂了我的生活。
●He was punished for the mistake he had made. 他因?yàn)樽约悍傅腻e(cuò)誤而受到懲罰。
●The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 這所學(xué)校因其卓越的教學(xué)廣受贊譽(yù)。
Point 3 用于“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+from+( doing )sth."結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞有:
keep阻止 stop阻止 prevent阻止 defend保衛(wèi) preserve保護(hù);保存 protect保護(hù)
shelter保護(hù) prohibit禁止;阻止 ban禁止
● The heavy rain prevented him from going out. 大雨阻止他外出。
●You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold. 你需要暖和的衣服來御寒。
●She has been banned from driving for six months. 她已被禁止駕駛六個(gè)月。
【特別注意】
stop還可用于 stop doing sth..(停止做某事)和 stop to do sth..(停下來去做某事)結(jié)構(gòu)。
keep還可用于 keep doing sth..(繼續(xù)做某事)和 keep sb.. doing sth..(讓某人一直做某事)結(jié)構(gòu)。
●So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.
因此,當(dāng)你出錯(cuò)時(shí)不要停止演講,除非那確實(shí)是個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。
●I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。
考點(diǎn)2、一般體
分考點(diǎn)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
Point 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語一般由動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下
①、一般情況,直接在詞尾加-s
work---works learn---learns
②、以-s,x,ch,sh或-0結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-es
pass-passes discuss-discusses wash-washes teach-teaches fix-fixes go-goes
③、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i再加-es
carry-carries cry-cries study-studies worry-worries
Point 2 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
(1) 、表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與頻度副詞及表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
always總是 often經(jīng)常 usually通常 sometimes 有時(shí)hardly ever 幾乎不 frequently:經(jīng)常
on Sundays在星期天 every day//week/ month//year每天/每周/每月/每年 once/ twice a week每周一/兩次monthly每月 every+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)每隔… yearly每年
●On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only20 miles.
周一早晨,我通常要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)開車上班,雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。
●There are buses to the station every ten minutes. 每十分鐘就有公共汽車開往車站。
(2)、表示主語目前的性格、特征、狀態(tài)或能力等。
● He is a man of few words. 他是一個(gè)少言寡語的人。
●Planning so far ahead makes no sense-so many things will have changed by next year.
提前如此長的時(shí)間作計(jì)劃沒有意義,很多事情到明年都已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。
●She knows French and German besides English. 除了英語,她還會(huì)法語和德語。
(3)、表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理及自然現(xiàn)象,或用在格言中。
●"Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”
奶奶過去經(jīng)常說:“人生就像在雪中行走,”“因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉剂粲凶阚E?!?br /> ●The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
● Failure is the mother of success..失敗是成功之母。
(4)、表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排、時(shí)間表等馬上要發(fā)生的事情,常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。該用法常用于火車時(shí)刻表、飛機(jī)航班時(shí)刻表,以及電影開演、作息、安排等時(shí)刻表上,且僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞,例如:arrive到達(dá) come來 go去 start開始 leave離開 begin開始 take off起飛 stop停止
finish完成
●The train leaves at 44:30p.m 火車在下午4:30出發(fā)
●The plane takes off at5 o'clock. 飛機(jī)在5點(diǎn)鐘起飛。
分考點(diǎn)2般過去時(shí)
Point 1 一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)
(1)、一般過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,其變化規(guī)則如下:
①、一般情況,直接在詞尾加-ed
look-looked watch-watched stay-stayed expect-expected
②、以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-d
hope-hoped like-liked
③、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i再加-ed
study-studied try-tried copy-copied carry-carried
④、以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-ed
stop-stopped clap-clapped plan-planned prefer-preferred admit--admitted permit-permitted
(2) 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式及過去分詞變化詳見附錄
Point 2 一般過去時(shí)的用法
(1)、表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),其中包括過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
in1990在1990年 yesterday昨天 days/ years ago天/年前 the other day幾天前
time從前 the day before yesterday前天 once upon a time從前 last week/month/year上周/上個(gè)月/去年
●I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. 去年有一次出行,我在美國趕上了颶風(fēng)
●I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.
我一直是一個(gè)熱情的讀者,孩提時(shí)有時(shí)候一天能讀三本書。
(2)、描述過去時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
●He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.
他睜開眼睛,迅速地穿上衣服,并從床跳了下來。
【特別注意】
在含 before和 after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,若主從句表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都用一般過去時(shí),前一個(gè)動(dòng)作不必用過去完成時(shí)。
●Henry visited New York before he left for Washington. 亨利在去華盛頓之前游覽了紐約。
●After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game.
到家后,彼得就去幾個(gè)拍賣網(wǎng)站尋找他的游戲。
(3)、有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有具體表明,但實(shí)際上是“剛才,剛剛”發(fā)生,應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。如 I didn'' t know.....或I forgot.....等表示事先或說話之前不知道或不記得,但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。
●I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在這里
●Sorry, I forgot to bring your book. 很抱歉,我忘記把你的書帶來了。
分考點(diǎn)3一般將來時(shí)
Point 1 will/ shall+動(dòng)詞原形
(1)、表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)泶嬖诘臓顟B(tài),shall-一般用于第人稱,will可用于各種人稱,常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
in the future將來 tomorrow明天 before long不久以后;很快 later on后來
next week// month//year下周/下個(gè)月/明年 the day after tomorrow 后天
●Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacation. 幸運(yùn)的是,兩周后我將回家過暑假。
●My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old. 我的生日就要到了。我將要18歲了。
(2)、will還可表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。
●----Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight? 要我給薩拉預(yù)約今天晚上去機(jī)場的出租車嗎?
----Don't bother. I'll drive her there. 不用麻煩了。我會(huì)開車送她去那里。
Point 2 “ be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事;還可表示“預(yù)見”,即某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。
●Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 無論是在家里還是在工作場所,未來的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會(huì)變得更加普遍
●Look at the dark clouds.. It is going to rain. 看那些烏云,要下雨了。
Point 3 “be to+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
●The highway is to be opened in May. 這條高速公路將在5月份開放。
●You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 10點(diǎn)前你們得上交論文。
Point 4 “ be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示立即要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常譯為“即將……;馬上就……”,通常不
不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。
●Work was about to start on a new factory building. 新廠房即將動(dòng)工。
分考點(diǎn)4過去將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用于賓語從句中。主要形式有:
Point 1 should/ would+動(dòng)詞原形
●He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning. 他說會(huì)議將在今天上午九點(diǎn)半開始。
Point 2 was/ were going to+動(dòng)詞原形
●I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告訴我他打算回家
Point 3 was/ were to+動(dòng)詞原形
●She said she was to get married next month. 她說她計(jì)劃在下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。
Point 4 was/ were about to+動(dòng)詞原形
● The train was about to leave. 火車就要開了。
考點(diǎn)3 進(jìn)行體
分考點(diǎn)1 進(jìn)行體的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成;過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成;將來進(jìn)行時(shí)由“will/ shall+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ing:
①、 一般情況,在詞尾直接加-ing
work-----working study-----studying listen----listening look----looking
②、 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e,再加-ing
have----having face---facing take---taking write----writing
③、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-ing
cut---cutting put---putting swim---swimming begin----beginning
④、以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變-ie為y再加-ing
lie----lying tie----tying die---dying
分考點(diǎn)2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
Point 1 表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作,常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。
例如: now現(xiàn)在 at present目前 at this moment.此刻 these days目前;如今
●We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.
我們正考慮應(yīng)如何改變植物的基因結(jié)構(gòu)以取代我們每天使用的東西的功能。
●We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我們今天面對(duì)的是一個(gè)陌生的新世界,并且我們都在想我們要怎么面對(duì)它。
●The workers are building a garden these days. 工人們這些日子一直在修建一個(gè)花園
Point 2 一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:
come來 go去 leave離開 arrive到達(dá) start開始 begin開始 return返回 move移動(dòng) take拿
●A foreign professor is coming to visit our school this weekend. 一位外國教授本周末將要參觀我們學(xué)校。
●We are moving to a new house. 我們將要搬進(jìn)一所新房子里。
分考點(diǎn)3過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
Point 1 表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或過去某一個(gè)階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常用的時(shí)間狀語有
at this// that time+過去時(shí)間 at.o' clock+過去時(shí)間 from......to......+過去時(shí)間 those days那些日子
just now剛才;剛
●I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。
●The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. 經(jīng)理很擔(dān)心由助理替他舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì),但幸好一切進(jìn)展順利。
【特別注意】
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)及過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與 always,constantly, continually, all the time等狀語連用,表示反復(fù)出
現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或強(qiáng)調(diào)贊賞、厭惡、生氣、好奇等感情色彩,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
●The size and location of the world's deserts are always changing.
世界上沙漠的面積和位置總是在變化。(表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)
● He is always helping others. 他總是樂于助人。(表贊賞)
● She is always forgetting something. 她總是忘事。(表不滿)
Point 2 表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,常與when, while引導(dǎo)的間狀語從句連用。
●My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday. 我弟弟昨天騎自行車時(shí)從車上掉了下來
●When Prof. White came into the classroom, the students were doing their homework.
當(dāng)懷特教授走進(jìn)室時(shí),學(xué)生們正在做作業(yè)。
Point 3 一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,多用于從句中。常見的該類動(dòng)詞有:
leave離開 start開始 come來 go去 return返回 begin開始 arrive到達(dá)
● He asked me when I was leaving. 他問我打算什么時(shí)候離開。
●He said he was starting tomorrow. 他說他打算明天出發(fā)。
分考點(diǎn)4將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
Point 表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天的這個(gè)時(shí)間 (by)then那時(shí)
from 1: 30 to 4: 30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 明天/后天從1:30到4:30
●I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.
我太激動(dòng)了!明天早上此時(shí)我將飛往上海。
●I will be studying in the library from 1: 30 to 4: 30 tomorrow. 明天1:30到4:30,我將會(huì)在圖書館學(xué)習(xí)。
分考點(diǎn)5 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
Point 1 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如be,seem, appear,become,get,,remain,lie(位于)等
●The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.
(如果)男孩不住在那里,這個(gè)房子安靜得像個(gè)墳?zāi)埂?br /> Point 2 表示某些特定意思的感官動(dòng)詞see, sound,hear,feel, taste, smell等。
●I saw a car pass by our house. 我看到一輛車經(jīng)過我們的房子。
Point 3 表示擁有的動(dòng)詞,如have,own, possess,,belong,,contain等
● The book belongs to her. 這本書是她的。
Point 4 表示心理、思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞,如 believe,think,know,understand,forget,hope,realize, want, wish, need, agree, remember等。
●The man claimed to be a social worker and the old woman believed him.
那個(gè)男人自稱是社會(huì)福利工作者,老婦人信以為真。
Point 5 表示情感的動(dòng)詞,如 admire,appreciate, enjoy,like, love, hate, regret, prefer, fear等
●I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 假如你支付現(xiàn)金的話,我會(huì)不勝感激。
考點(diǎn)4 完成體
分考點(diǎn)1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,其基本用法如下:
Point 1 表示動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個(gè)沒有明確說出的過去時(shí)間,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成,且其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語有:
lately近來 recently最近 so far到目前為止 by now到現(xiàn)在 upon/ till now直到現(xiàn)在
in the last/ past few days/ years在過去的幾天/幾年里
●Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
到目前為止,工作進(jìn)展得很順利,我們確信一定會(huì)按時(shí)完工。
●In the last century or so, these changes in agricultural technology have accelerated.
大約在上個(gè)世紀(jì),農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)方面的這些變化已經(jīng)加快了。
Point 2 表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去,常用的時(shí)間狀語有
since+時(shí)間 / 從句 for+時(shí)間
●His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的首部小說自上個(gè)月出版以來獲得了許多好評(píng)。
●He has taught Chinese for more than 20 years. 他教中文已有20多年了。
Point 3 瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但在肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。在否定句中,瞬間動(dòng)詞可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞有:
go,come, arrive, leave, begin, borrow, buy, die, fall, stop, start,kill, close, graduate,join, finish,lose。若瞬間動(dòng)詞要接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語,需要做一些相應(yīng)的變換,如:
borrow-→keep借 buy→have買 finish-→ be over結(jié)束 leave-→ be away離開 open→ be open打開
close-→ be closed關(guān)閉 come/go/ become-→be來/去/變得;成為 die→ be dead死 fall asleep-→ be asleep睡覺
marry→ be married結(jié)婚 put on-→ have on/wear穿 fall ill-→be ill 生病
join the army-→ be a soldier / be in the army參軍
“他已經(jīng)參軍三年了”可以用以下方式表示:
●He joined the army three years ago.
=It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
=He has been a soldier for three years.
=He has been in the army for three years.
(x )He has joined the army for three years.
分考點(diǎn)2過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,必須以過去某一時(shí)刻為基點(diǎn),即“過去的過去”。其基本用法如下:
Point 1 表示在過去某一時(shí)間或過去某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作,即“過去的過去”。
●The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
第二天,我們得到了一個(gè)令人失望的消息,那就是另一位買主已經(jīng)給出了一個(gè)更高的價(jià)格。
●The film had begun when we got to the cinema yesterday. 昨天我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí),電影已經(jīng)開始了。
Point 2 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)刻,并也可能繼續(xù)下
去。常用的時(shí)間狀語有:
by then到那時(shí)為止 by that time到那時(shí)候 before..在…之前 by the end of.到…末為止
until then直到那時(shí) by the time+一般過去時(shí)的從句 到……時(shí)候
●Experiments of this kind had been conducted in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
在二戰(zhàn)之前這種實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)在美國和歐洲進(jìn)行得很好。
●By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克從英格蘭到家中時(shí),他的兒子已大學(xué)畢業(yè)
●As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.
由于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,城鎮(zhèn)的一些人已經(jīng)失業(yè)。
【特別注意】
如果表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間或某件事情為止,某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成,要用將來完成時(shí),常用的時(shí)間狀語有“by+將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間”或“ by the end of+將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間”或 by the time引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句等。
●----Tommy is planning to buy a car. ----湯米計(jì)劃要買車。
----I know. By next month, he will have saved enough for a used one.
---我知道。到下個(gè)月,他就能攢夠買一輛二手車的錢了。
Point 3 intend,mean,hope, want,plan,suppose,expect, think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí),可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法等。
●I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本來打算昨天去看你的,但我這邊來了一個(gè)不速之客。(實(shí)際上沒去)
●We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
我們本來期望你能贏得這次比賽。(實(shí)際上沒有贏)
分考點(diǎn)3常使用完成時(shí)的句型
Point 1 “It was/ had been+段時(shí)間+ since從句”,從句用過去完成時(shí);“It is/ has been+一段時(shí)間+ since
從句”,從句用一般過去時(shí)。
●It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我們十年沒這么高興了。
Point 2 “ It is the first/ second/time+that從句”,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);“ It was the first/ second/
time+that從句”,從句用過去完成時(shí)。
●It is the first time that I have been here. 這是我第一次到這里來。
●The teacher said it was the first time that little John had listened so attentively.
老師說這是小約翰第一次那么認(rèn)真地聽講。
Point 3 “That/This/It is/was+the+最高級(jí)+名詞+定語從句”,從句常用完成時(shí)
●This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的最好的一部電影。
●That dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had. 那頓飯是我們吃過的最貴的一頓飯。
Point 4 在 hardly/ scarcely......when......及no sooner.......than.......(一…就…)型中,主句常用過去完成
時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)且 hardly// scarcely及 no sooner位于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝
●Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. 我剛到公交車站,公交車就開了。
●Scarcely had I finished the exercise when the bell rang. 我剛做完練習(xí),鈴就響了。
考點(diǎn)5 完成進(jìn)行體
高考對(duì)于完成進(jìn)行體要求考生掌握的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由have/ has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,其基本用法如下:
Point 1 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛完成,也可能仍在進(jìn)行。常用的時(shí)間狀語有:
this month這個(gè)月 all this morning整個(gè) all night整個(gè)晚上 these few days這幾 since..自從…
recently最近
●I'm tired out. I have been shopping all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
我累壞。我整個(gè)下午都在購物,我好像什么事也沒完成。
●Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在過去的三個(gè)月里,湯姆每天晚上都在圖書館學(xué)習(xí)。
●Mother wants to be a good provider, a role she has been shouldering since her marriage to Father.
母親想做一個(gè)稱養(yǎng)家的人,一個(gè)自從她和父親結(jié)婚以來就一直承擔(dān)著的角色。
Point 2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行,而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。
●I have been ringing you several times in two days. 這兩天內(nèi)我給你打過幾次電話。
●---You are a great swimmer 一你是個(gè)很棒的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
---Thanks. It's because I have been practising a lot these days. 一謝謝。這是因?yàn)檫@些天我一直在做大量練習(xí)。
考點(diǎn)6 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
分考點(diǎn)1含狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
Point 在由when, while, before, after,until ,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句、由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,以及由 though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,若主句表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),則主句可以用一般將來時(shí)、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句相應(yīng)地用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
●I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing.
我手頭的工作一做完,就馬上去圖書館。(時(shí)間狀語從句)
●If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.
如果我們飲用臟水,我們會(huì)因細(xì)菌感染疾病,從而生病。
●They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功,他們也會(huì)支持你。(讓步狀語從句)
分考點(diǎn)2 含賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
Point 1 如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí),從句可根據(jù)句意需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
● He says(that) he works at night..他說他上夜班。
● She says(that) she has been to Mount Tai..她說她去過泰山。
Point 2 如果主句為過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),從句多用過去時(shí)態(tài)。具體情況如下:
①、從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句時(shí)態(tài):一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
●He said there was no hospital in the village. 他說村莊里沒有醫(yī)院。
②、從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前,從句時(shí)態(tài):過去完成時(shí)
●He said that he had finished the task. 他說他已經(jīng)完成了任務(wù)。
③、從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后,從句時(shí)態(tài): 過去將來時(shí)
●He said that he was going to look after the patient. 他說他會(huì)去照顧病人。
【特別注意】
(1)當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、格言、諺語或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí),即使主句用的是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
●He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光比聲音傳播得快得多。
●The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it.
老師告訴我們:世上無難事,只怕有心人
(2)當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),若從句中有表示確定的過去時(shí)間的狀語,從句仍用一般過去時(shí)。
●She said she came to work here in 1998. 她說她是1998年來這里工作的。
考點(diǎn)7 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
分考點(diǎn)1被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見的時(shí)態(tài)變化(以動(dòng)詞clean為例)

一般體
進(jìn)行體
完成體
現(xiàn)在
am/is/are cleaned
am/is/are being cleaned
have/has been cleaned
過去
was/were cleaned
was/were being cleaned
had been cleaned
將來
shall/will be cleaned

shall/will have been cleaned
過去將來
should/would be cleaned


分考點(diǎn)2被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
Point 1 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法
(1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。
●New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 新西蘭的葡萄酒品質(zhì)很高,廣銷全世界。
【特別注意】
①、有些及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語有:
lack缺少 suit適合 have有 cost花費(fèi) fit適合 belong to屬于 wish希 hold抓住
take part in參加 suffer from遭受 date back to追溯到
●I don't have that much money on me. 我身上沒帶那么多錢。
●Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 獅子和老虎屬于貓科。
②不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語有:
happen/ take place/ occur發(fā)生 remain剩下 come up被提出 come out出版 break out爆發(fā)
run out用完
●Three questions came up at the meeting. 在這次會(huì)議上(我們)提出了三個(gè)問題。
●His money is running out. 他的錢快用完了。
(2)不知道或無須說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
●James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.
詹姆斯·布林德利被公認(rèn)為早期最杰出的運(yùn)河工程師之一。
(3)用在科技文獻(xiàn)或新聞報(bào)道中。
●Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s. 這種小汽車是20世紀(jì)80年代制造的
Point 2 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
(1)表示主語的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞,如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, peel等,常與well, badly,easily,smoothly等副詞連用,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
● The shirt doesn't wash well. 這件襯衫不好洗。
● The book sells well. 這本書賣得很好。
(2)系動(dòng)詞 smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容詞作表語,用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
● Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的嗓音聽起來很美妙。
(3)open, close, lock, move, keep等動(dòng)詞常與won't,can't,wouldn't, hardly, scarcely等連用,以及表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”的動(dòng)詞,如 begin, start, finish, end等,常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
● This drawer won'' t lock. 這個(gè)抽屜鎖不上。
●The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 這個(gè)商店每天下午6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。
(4)有些非謂語動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn),表示被動(dòng)意義。常見的此類非謂語動(dòng)詞有:
①、(be) to blame, (be) to seek, (be) to let((出租)等。
●It is not he but you who are to blame. 該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的是你而不是他。
②、need, want, require, deserve, be worth等后接v.-ing
● The library wants repairing. 圖書館需要被修繕。
③、"(be +)easy/difficult/hard/heavy/light/dangerous/pleasant/comfortable/fit/interesting/expensive... to do"
●The question is easy to answer. 這個(gè)問題容易(被)回答。
(5)有些動(dòng)詞,如cook, bake, print, do等,常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。
● The book is printing. 這本書正在(被)印刷。
(6)某些介詞短語,如 under discussion,under consideration, on display, on sale, in dispute等,也可用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義。
●A wide range of postcards and other souvenirs are on sale in the visitors' center.
游客中心出售各種明信片以及其他紀(jì)念品。
考點(diǎn)8 主謂一致
Point 1 動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。
● Looking after the children is his full-- time job. 照看這些孩子是他的全職工作。
● To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country.
舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)對(duì)于一個(gè)國家來說是一種無上的榮耀。
● Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 心之所愿,無所不成。
【特別注意】
what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;但如果從句表示復(fù)數(shù)含義,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
●What she told me is none of your business.
她告訴我什么與你無關(guān)。( What she told me.屬于單數(shù)的抽象概念,因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)
●What I need for the cleaning are a pair of rubber gloves and some plastic bags.
我需要一副橡膠手套和幾個(gè)塑料袋來進(jìn)行大掃除。(主語 What I need指的是一副橡膠手套和幾
個(gè)塑料袋,是復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
Point 2 集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)主語所指的意義而定。若把集體名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體(各個(gè)成員),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
常見的集體名詞有:
family家庭 class班級(jí) team團(tuán)隊(duì) group組 public公眾 audience觀眾 committee委員會(huì)
government 政府 army軍隊(duì) crowd人群 club俱樂部 staff職員
●The class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 這個(gè)班由20個(gè)男生和15個(gè)女生組成。
●The whole class were told to stay behind after school. 全班的學(xué)生被告知放學(xué)后留下。
【特別注意】
people, cattle, police等集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
●The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain. 警察正在山里搜尋兇手。
Point 3 由or, either...or, neither...nor , not only... but also.., not...but...等連接并列主語時(shí),謂
語動(dòng)詞常和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
● Neither he nor I am going to the cinema..他和我都不會(huì)去看電影。
●Not only the students but also the teacher was grateful for your help.
不僅是學(xué)生們,而且這位老師也感謝你的幫助。
Point 4 如果主語后面帶有 as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like, rather
than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等詞或短語連接的成分時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
●The famous musician, as well as his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony.
那個(gè)著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)陂_幕式上表演
●Six people, including a policeman, were praised at the awards ceremony.
頒獎(jiǎng)儀式上,有六人被嘉獎(jiǎng),包括一名警。
Point 5 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),如果兩個(gè)名詞表示不同的人或物,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
●A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。
【特別注意】
如果用and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
●The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings,is popular among those people.
我在會(huì)議上經(jīng)常提到的那位作家兼教授,在那些人中很受歡迎。
Point 6 each, every, no所修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),即使有and連接,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。
●Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday.
每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加將在星期六舉辦的“英語之夜”晚會(huì)。
Point 7 “ more than one// many a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
●More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.
很多男孩喜歡打籃球,而很多女孩擅長打棒球。
【特別注意】
“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ than one"”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Point 8 “分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”或“ the rest of/ plenty of/ the majority of/ lots of/part of+名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其所表示的意義。
●About one third of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有三分之一的書值得一讀。
●Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
地球表面總共有超過70%的部分被水覆蓋。
Point 9 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在表示單位數(shù)量且用作主語時(shí),通常被看作整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
●Three thousand miles is a long distance. 3,000英里是一段很長的
Point 10 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如trousers, pants, jeans, glasses , shoes, gloves等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of/two/three.. pairs of來修飾,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
● His trousers were slightly short. 他的褲子有點(diǎn)短。
● A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。
Point 11 關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 等在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)先行詞是“ the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)先行詞是“ one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
●Guilin is a city that has a history of more than 2,000 years. 桂林是一座具有2,000多年歷史的城市。
●He is the only one of persons who has known the secret so far. 他是到目前為止唯一一個(gè)知道這個(gè)秘密的
●The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
長城是世界著名建筑之一,吸引了大批游客。
Point 12 a number of, a variety of等后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of, the
variety of 等后接名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
● A number of options were suggested. 好幾種選擇被提出。
●The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.
在20世紀(jì)90年代初,醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量達(dá)到了18所,從那時(shí)候起一直保持在這個(gè)水平。
Point 13 a quantity of和 quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果 a quantity of和
quantities of 后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果 a quantity of和 quantities of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 an amount of和 amounts后都常接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于的amount單復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)代英語中, an amount of和 amounts of后也可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
●A quantity of money has been wasted on the project. =Quantities of money have been wasted on the project.
在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上浪費(fèi)了大量的金錢。
核心考法 重難突破
考法1 考查動(dòng)詞的用法或短語及搭配
語法填空??疾閯?dòng)詞短語或搭配。同一動(dòng)詞和不同的介詞或副詞搭配有著不同的含義;同一介詞或副詞和不同的動(dòng)詞搭配含義也會(huì)不同,如:give+in/out/away/up,tum+in/out/on/off/up/down,put up/on/down/ away/off,,set up/off/out/about/aside,cut up/ down/ off,,come along/off/across/through,carry/feed/put/focus on, get/look/take/come over等。
【天津2018·3改編】] At first Robert wouldn' t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave______as she was
so confident about her skills.
【解析】句意為:剛開始羅伯特不讓他的女兒去潛水,但是最終他讓步了,因?yàn)樗畠簩?duì)自己的(潛水)技能很自信。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用 give in,,意為“屈服;讓步”,故填in。(根據(jù)考試要求,無提示詞填空題只填1詞)
考法2 考查具有明顯時(shí)間標(biāo)志的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
此類題目通常有較明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,可能是明確的時(shí)間狀語,也可能是動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語等標(biāo)志詞。做該類試題時(shí),可根據(jù)不同情況尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,通過對(duì)時(shí)間狀語或動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語等標(biāo)志詞及語境的分析作出判斷。但有時(shí)題干中的時(shí)間狀語具有干擾性,如for,now等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語,所以考生要根據(jù)具
體語境來判斷時(shí)態(tài)。題干中常出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞或時(shí)間狀語有:
(1)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): sometimes, every day/week, on Sundays等;
(2)、一般過去時(shí): yesterday, last week, three years ago, the other day, the day before yesterday, once upon a time, in1990等;
(3)、一般將來時(shí): next week, tomorrow, before long, in the future, later on, the day after tomorrow
(4)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):look,now, at present at this moment,these days等;
(5)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):then,at that time,those days等;
(6)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí): at this time tomorrow/ the day after tomorrow,from... to... tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
(7)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): lately, recently,so far,yet,by now,up to/till now,since then, in the last/past few days/years
(8)、過去完成時(shí): by then,by that time, until then, by the end of 2012,before1999等。
1、【2021年新高考八省聯(lián)考】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56. (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:它不像喬治華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家,自從向公眾開放以來,就被證明對(duì)游客來說是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞,Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主語;結(jié)合句意及設(shè)空處后的時(shí)間狀語從句since it opened to the public可知,此處指過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念,故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have +過去分詞;主語Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人稱單數(shù),所以助動(dòng)詞用has,提示詞prove 的過去分詞形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
2、 【2021年新高考八省聯(lián)考】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65. (sell)most of their furniture.
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)后,他們租了房子,賣掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處和前面的動(dòng)詞rented一起做并列謂語;根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語1861可知,此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),提示詞sell的過去式形式是sold。故填sold。
3、【2021年全國高考甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61. (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)).
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知,空格處為謂語,動(dòng)詞build和主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(be done),根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語the Tang dynasty可知,用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式,主語it為第三人稱單數(shù),主謂一致,故填was built。
4、【全國I 2020·61】 The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探測器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_____(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【解析】句意為:以中國古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的無人探測器“嫦娥四號(hào)”,上周在月球的南極-艾特肯盆地著陸。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處為句子的謂語動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語 last week可知,此處講述的是過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填 touched.
考法3 考查沒有明顯時(shí)間標(biāo)志的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
近幾年高考對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查更加語境化,題干中多未給出明顯的時(shí)間狀語或標(biāo)志詞,此時(shí)考生可根據(jù)上下文,認(rèn)真體會(huì)語境,挖掘其隱含信息,弄清時(shí)間的先后順序,從而作出正確的判斷。
1、【2021年全國高考甲卷】We 66. (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知,此處為謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上下文可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填hired。
2、【2021年新高考I卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
61. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意:你不禁會(huì)想,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來說,把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語,it是從句的形式主語,不定式為真正主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,安置臺(tái)階的石頭為陳述過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填was。
3、【2021年新高考八省聯(lián)考】"The little home 60. (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh.
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:這個(gè)小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞,The little home作主語。結(jié)合句意及常識(shí)可知,房子是“被漆”的,主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài);根據(jù)上文的was built可知,此處為一般過去時(shí)態(tài);一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過去分詞;主語The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱,所以要用was,提示詞paint的過去分詞形式是painted。故填was painted。
4、【2021年浙江高考】It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59. (consider) healthy.
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:它的計(jì)算方法是用一個(gè)人的體重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之間被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少謂語,主語(a BMI)是單數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語和consider是表被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填is considered。
5、【全國新高考I 2020·38】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,_______(form)the core
collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
【解析】句意為:例如,漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件藏品是1759年開放的大英博物館的核心藏品。分析句子成分可知,該空為句子的謂語;根據(jù)語境可知,此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填 formed
考法4 考查主從復(fù)合句中前后時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
(1)、在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí),則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí);若主句為一般過去時(shí),則從句也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)、正確判定主句謂語動(dòng)詞及從句謂語動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境。
(3)、解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:
如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài),則從句可根據(jù)語境使用任何所需的時(shí)態(tài);如果主句為過去時(shí)態(tài),則從句需用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。
【浙江2019年6月·62】 One study in America found that students' grades_______(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【解析】句意為:美國的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在學(xué)校推行校服制度之后,學(xué)生的成績提高了一些。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處在句中作賓語從句的謂語,賓語從句中的時(shí)間狀語從句 after
the school introduced uniforms的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),因此賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填 improved.
考法5 考查一些固定句式的時(shí)態(tài)
英語中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這種句式,考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。例如:
(1)It is the first/second/... time that sb. have/has done...
(2)It was the first/second/... time that sb. had done...
(3)sb. was/were doing sth. when... did...
(4)It's high time that sb. did/should do...
(5)Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when sb. did...
(6)No sooner had sb. done sth. than... did...
1、【天津2017·8改編】I_________(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
【解析】句意為:我正開車去倫敦,這時(shí)我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯(cuò)了路。sb.was/ were doing sth..when.did.為固定句型,意為“某人正在做某事,這時(shí)……”。因此,主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),故填 was driving
2、【全國I 2015·61】 It was raining lightly when I____________(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【解析】句意為:我正好在拂曉前到達(dá)陽朔,那時(shí)天空正下著小雨。sb.was/ were doing sth..when.did.為固定句式,意為“某人正在做某事,這時(shí)……”。故填 arrived.
考法6 考查主謂一致
主謂一致遵循的原則有語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則,主要考點(diǎn)如下:
(1)、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
(2)、主語后帶有with, along with, together with, as well as,but等詞或短語連接的成分時(shí),謂語動(dòng)的單復(fù)數(shù)與前面主語的數(shù)保持一致。
(3)、either... or...,,neither... nor..., not only... but also...,or等連接的并列主語,通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和與它最近的主語保持一致。
(4)、集體名詞作主語時(shí),要根據(jù)主語所表示的意義來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
(5)、“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/ the rest/ the majority...+of+名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于of后名詞的數(shù)及其所表示的意義。
(6)、定語從句中的主謂一致。
【全國新高考I 2020·41】 Often,, only a small part of a museum's collection_______________(be)on display.
【解析】句意為:通常,一個(gè)博物館的藏品只有一小部分會(huì)被展出。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處為句子的謂語,本句陳述的是一般事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);“ a part of+名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)collection為單數(shù)可知,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填is
【全國Ⅱ 2020·62】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers_________(carry) special significance.
【解析】句意為:這就是為什么用植物、水果和花卉進(jìn)行裝飾承載著特殊的重要意義。分析句子成分可知,本句包含why引導(dǎo)的表語從句,設(shè)空處為從句的謂語動(dòng)詞;且此處陳述客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);從句的主語為動(dòng)名詞短語 decorating with plants,, fruits and flowers,從句謂語應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填 carries.

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