（2024·遼寧·一模）“Few articles change wners mre frequently than clthes. They travel dwnwards frm grade t grade in the scial scale with remarkable regularity,” wrte the jurnalist Adlphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a cat’s jurney in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resld repeatedly; cut dwn int a smaller item; eventually recycled int new fabric. But with the imprvement in peple’s living standards, that mdel is mind-bggling in the era f fast fashin. The average British custmer buys fur items a mnth. And it is reprted that 350,000 tnnes f used but still wearable clthes g t landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival f the secnd-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashin website Ass, sales f vintage clthes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clthing was nce wrn ut f necessity, and nw it is simply a way f life. Busy families sell used items n eBay, teenagers trade n Depp and sme fashin peple ffer designer labels n Vestiaire Cllective. Strikingly, it has becme big enugh business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice f the actin.
Fr sme buyers and sellers, the switch t the secnd-hand is brn f financial difficulties. Only a few have becme wrried abut the impact f their shpping habit n the planet. But the shift is nly a partial slutin. Sme peple wrry that sme mainstream brands may “greenwash” — using secnd-hand gds t imprve their image, rather than engaging mre seriusly with sustainability.
Hwever, the biggest cncern may be that peple keep buying because they knw they can resell gds, still chasing the pleasure f the next purchase but with an eased cnscience (愧疚). Bh, a pwerful fast fashin cmpany, has seen sales and prfits rise, despite cncerns abut envirnmental prblems in its supply chain that led t an investigatin last year.
A new Netflix series, Wrn Stries, dcuments the emtinal meanings that clthes can have: Each ld item is full f memries. Actually, a handbag frm a grandmther and a scarf passed n by a father are bth valuable fr us. A lve f style is nt a bad r an unimprtant thing. But a cmmitted relatinship is better than a quick flash. Can we learn t appreciate ur wn ld clthes as well as thers’?
1．What des the wrd “mind-bggling” underlined in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Unbelievable.B．Ppular.C．Reasnable.D．Influential.
2．With the business mentined in paragraph 2, the authr wants t shw _______.
A．ld clthes are mre ppular than new pieces
B．the nline secnd-hand markets are bming
C．the fashin wrld begins t favr vintage clthes
D．many clthing brands are innvative in their new prducts
3．Hw des the secnd-hand trade impact peple accrding t paragraph 4?
A．It makes peple feel free t pursue fast fashin.
B．It makes peple mre cautius abut their budgets.
C．It encurages peple t chse ec-friendly clthes.
D．It pushes peple t be mre engaged with sustainability.
4．Which f the fllwing views des Wrn Stries advcate?
A．Old items have lst favr with the public.
B．Old items are wrthy f being lng cherished.
C．Older generatins attach great imprtance t ld items.
D．Older generatins care abut the quality f their clthes.
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了與從前反復(fù)使用衣服的模式不同，現(xiàn)在大家往往追逐快時尚，造成了很大浪費(fèi)，不過網(wǎng)上二手市場正在蓬勃發(fā)展，但只有少部分人是真的認(rèn)識到了自己的購物習(xí)慣對地球的影響，而且一些主流品牌有可能會借此機(jī)會來“洗綠”，很多人有可能會繼續(xù)購買。文章指出，雖然追求風(fēng)格無可厚非，但是學(xué)會欣賞舊衣服實際上是很有意義的。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“as he traced a cat’s jurney in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resld repeatedly; cut dwn int a smaller item; eventually recycled int new fabric (他追溯了一件大衣在上個世紀(jì)的歷程：反復(fù)清洗、修理和轉(zhuǎn)售；縮為成更小件的；最終被回收制成新的織物)”可知，以前的衣服會被反復(fù)多次使用，再結(jié)合表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的“But”和劃線詞的下文“The average British custmer buys fur items a mnth. And it is reprted that 350,000 tnnes f used but still wearable clthes g t landfills in the UK each year. (英國消費(fèi)者平均每月購買四件商品。據(jù)報道，英國每年有35萬噸用過但還能穿的衣服被送往垃圾填埋場)”可知，現(xiàn)在情況和以前不同，衣服更迭速度很快，很多衣服被浪費(fèi)了。由此可知，以前衣服循環(huán)使用的模式在現(xiàn)在快時尚的時代是令人難以置信的，劃線詞意思應(yīng)該與unbelievable“令人難以置信的”一致。故選A項。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“At fashin website Ass, sales f vintage clthes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clthing was nce wrn ut f necessity, and nw it is simply a way f life. Busy families sell used items n eBay, teenagers trade n Depp and sme fashin peple ffer designer labels n Vestiaire Cllective. Strikingly, it has becme big enugh business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice f the actin. (在時尚網(wǎng)站Ass，古著的銷量增長了92%。衣服曾經(jīng)是出于需要而穿，現(xiàn)在它只是一種生活方式。忙碌的家庭在eBay上出售二手物品，青少年在Depp上交易，一些時尚人士在Vestiaire Cllective上出售設(shè)計師品牌。引人注目的是，它已經(jīng)成為一個足夠大的業(yè)務(wù)，主流零售商也想分一杯羹)”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)二手交易銷量增長，不同的人群在不同的平臺交易二手衣服，主流零售商甚至也想?yún)⑴c其中。由此推知，作者是想說明網(wǎng)上二手市場正在蓬勃發(fā)展。故選B項。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hwever, the biggest cncern may be that peple keep buying because they knw they can resell gds, still chasing the pleasure f the next purchase but with an eased cnscience (愧疚). (然而，最大的擔(dān)憂可能是，人們繼續(xù)購買，因為他們知道他們可以轉(zhuǎn)售商品，仍然在追求下一次購買的樂趣，但良心上有所放松)”可知，二手交易業(yè)務(wù)讓人們有了處理已購商品的方法，解除了購買不必要衣服的愧疚感，可以繼續(xù)購買衣服，即讓人們可以自由地追求快時尚。故選A項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“A new Netflix series, Wrn Stries, dcuments the emtinal meanings that clthes can have: Each ld item is full f memries. Actually, a handbag frm a grandmther and a scarf passed n by a father are bth valuable fr us. (Netflix的一部新劇《舊衣往事》記錄了衣服的情感含義：每一件舊衣服都充滿了回憶。其實，祖母送的手提包和父親送的圍巾對我們來說都很有價值)”可知，這部劇表明舊衣服具有情感含義，充滿回憶，富有價值。由此推知，它主張的是“舊東西值得長期珍藏”。故選B項。
（2024·廣東汕頭·一模）The integratin f artificial intelligence (AI) in educatinal technlgy has brught cnvenience and efficiency t classrms wrldwide. Hwever, despite these advancements, it is crucial t recgnize the significant challenges it pses t the autnmy and prfessinal judgment f instructrs. One f the primary cncerns assciated with AI-driven tls in educatin is the depersnalizatin f instructin. These tls ften rely n pre-packaged digital cntent and standardized slutins, leaving little rm fr instructrs t tailr their teaching methds.
Each student pssesses unique characteristics, including distinct learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses. Instructrs, armed with their wealth f experience and expertise, are best psitined t custmize their appraches t meet these individual needs. They knw hw t adapt t their students’ varying learning styles. Hwever, AI-driven platfrms restrict their ability t d s effectively, resulting in a ne-size-fits-all apprach that fails t engage and inspire students t reach their maximum ptential.
The implicatins f this depersnalizatin are far-reaching. By diminishing(降低) the rle f instructrs as facilitatrs f meaningful educatinal interactins, we run the risk f preventing the grwth f critical thinking and prblem-slving skills amng students.
Educatin shuld nt merely fcus n knwledge acquisitin (習(xí)得), but shuld als develp the ability t analyze, evaluate, and apply that knwledge in real-wrld cntexts. It shuld help ne’s mind grw, nt simply pssess infrmatin. Thrugh dynamic classrm discussins, cperative prjects, and hands-n activities, instructrs play a vital rle in cultivating these essential skills. AI-driven platfrms, with their standardized slutins and autmated features, are ill-equipped t prvide the same level f engagement and intellectual stimulatin as human instructrs. While AI-driven platfrms undeniably have their advantages, we must nt lse sight f the imprtance f preserving instructrs’ autnmy and the educatinal experience they prvide.
5．Why d AI-driven tls fail t help instructrs adjust their teaching methds?
A．Their slutins will be challenged.B．They dn’t have prfessinal judgement.
C．Their digital cntent is set previusly.D．They think little f the students’ autnmy.
6．What advantage d instructrs have ver AI-driven tls?
A．They are mre prfessinal.B．They can satisfy individual needs.
C．They have higher efficiency.D．They adpt ne-size-fits-all apprach.
7．In which aspect des depersnalizatin in educatin influence n students?
A．Their respnse in classrm discussins.
B．Their ability in slving real life prblems.
C．Their willingness t cperate with thers.
D．Their adaptability t varius learning styles.
8．What shuld educatin fcus n apart frm knwledge acquisitin?
A．Ding cperative prjects.B．Organizing hands-n activities.
C．Develping thinking ability.D．Evaluating students’ develpment.
5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工智能(AI)與教育技術(shù)的融合為世界各地的課堂帶來了便利和效率。然而，盡管取得了這些進(jìn)步，但認(rèn)識到這對教師的自主性和專業(yè)判斷構(gòu)成的重大挑戰(zhàn)是至關(guān)重要的。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“These tls ften rely n pre-packaged digital cntent and standardized slutins, leaving little rm fr instructrs t tailr their teaching methds.(這些工具通常依賴于預(yù)先打包的數(shù)字內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化解決方案，教師幾乎沒有空間來定制他們的教學(xué)方法。)”可知，人工智能驅(qū)動的工具無法幫助教師調(diào)整教學(xué)方法，因為其數(shù)字內(nèi)容是之前設(shè)置的。故選C。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Each student pssesses unique characteristics, including distinct learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses. Instructrs, armed with their wealth f experience and expertise, are best psitined t custmize their appraches t meet these individual needs. They knw hw t adapt t their students’ varying learning styles.(每個學(xué)生都有獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)，包括不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式、優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。教師擁有豐富的經(jīng)驗和專業(yè)知識，最適合定制他們的方法來滿足這些個人需求。他們知道如何適應(yīng)學(xué)生不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式。)”可知，與人工智能驅(qū)動的工具相比，教師的優(yōu)勢在于他們可以滿足個人需求。故選B。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“By diminishing(降低) the rle f instructrs as facilitatrs f meaningful educatinal interactins, we run the risk f preventing the grwth f critical thinking and prblem-slving skills amng students.(通過削弱教師作為有意義的教育互動促進(jìn)者的作用，我們冒著阻礙學(xué)生批判性思維和解決問題能力發(fā)展的風(fēng)險。)”可知，教育中去人格化對學(xué)生的影響主要表現(xiàn)在學(xué)生解決現(xiàn)實生活問題的能力上。故選B。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Educatin shuld nt merely fcus n knwledge acquisitin (習(xí)得), but shuld als develp the ability t analyze, evaluate, and apply that knwledge in real-wrld cntexts.(教育不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注知識的獲取，還應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)分析、評價和在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中應(yīng)用這些知識的能力。)”可知，教育除了注重知識的獲取外，還應(yīng)注重思維能力的培養(yǎng)。故選C。
（2024·山東濰坊·一模）Hiring prcesses can be thught f as a battle between integrity and dishnesty. Yu might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-prmting candidates, and t a certain extent it is. But cmpanies themselves are prne (有傾向的) t bend reality ut f shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the bvius wrngders: jb applicants. When it cmes t writing the resume (簡歷), they tend t massage (美化) reality int the mst appealing shape pssible. Everyne beynd a certain level f experience is a transfrmatinal leader persnally respnsible fr generating millins incme; the wrld ecnmy wuld be abut 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends fur and a half hurs a day watching TV and nline vides. But each average jb candidate is an enthusiast fr public welfare, using their spare time nly fr wrthy purpses, like vlunteering in sup kitchens.
But the tendency t stretch the truth infects cmpanies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a jb descriptin that invariably describes the wrk envirnment as fast-paced and innvative, and then lays ut a set f imprbable requirements fr the “ideal candidate”, smene wh almst by definitin des nt exist. Smetimes, the requirements include an ability t g back and change the curse f histry.
T few firms ffer an accurate accunt f what a psitin actually invlves in their jb previews, which are suppsed t give prspective emplyees a genuine sense f the negatives and psitives f the jb, as well as a clear idea f the cmpany’s crprate culture. One effective strategy is t lay ut in text r vide, what a typical day in the rle wuld lk like.
Such hnesty can be its wn reward. Research has lng suggested that realistic jb previews lead t lwer turnver and higher emplyee satisfactin. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest f Twsn University and his c-authrs cncluded that favurable perceptins f the rganisatin’s hnesty are the best explanatin fr why. S a prcess designed t uncver the truth abut jb applicants wuld run a lt mre smthly if firms were als hnest abut themselves.
9．Why are “l(fā)eader” and “enthusiast” mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T present a rule.B．T clarify a fact.
C．T make a cmparisn.D．T explain a phenmenn.
10．What des the underlined wrd “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Overstate.B．Overturn.C．Overlk.D．Overestimate.
11．What are jb previews expected t be like in paragraph 4?
A．They shw a psitin as it is.B．They are made either in text r vide.
C．They are favrable fr bigger firms.D．They mainly cntain negatives f a jb.
12．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Pains and gains f emplyees.B．Hw t get the lying ut f hiring.
C．Hw t be mre appealing in hiring.D．A wrestle between applicants and cmpanies.
9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了招聘過程中求職者和公司都傾向于夸大事實，很少有公司提供真實的職位預(yù)覽，但研究表明誠實是一種回報，真實的職位預(yù)覽會降低離職率，提高員工滿意度。
9．推理判斷題。第二段中“When it cmes t writing the resume (簡歷), they tend t massage (美化) reality int the mst appealing shape pssible.(在寫簡歷的時候，他們傾向于把現(xiàn)實情況美化成最吸引人的樣子)”提到求職者寫簡歷時會美化現(xiàn)實，下文“Everyne beynd a certain level f experience is a transfrmatinal leader persnally respnsible fr generating millins incme(每個經(jīng)驗稍長的人都是變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，個人負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)造數(shù)百萬的收入)”和“But each average jb candidate is an enthusiast fr public welfare, using their spare time nly fr wrthy purpses, like vlunteering in sup kitchens.(但平均每位求職者都熱衷于公益事業(yè)，他們只把業(yè)余時間用于有價值的目的，比如在施粥處做志愿)”都是舉例具體說明上述現(xiàn)象，故選D。
10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“as well as applicants(和申請者一樣)”以及“The typical firm will write a jb descriptin that invariably describes the wrk envirnment as fast-paced and innvative, and then lays ut a set f imprbable requirements fr the ‘ideal candidate’, smene wh almst by definitin des nt exist.(典型的公司會撰寫一份工作描述，總是將工作環(huán)境描述為快節(jié)奏和創(chuàng)新的，并提出一套對‘理想候選人’的不太可能的要求，幾乎按定義來說，這樣的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申請者一樣，也有夸大事實的傾向，stretch意為“夸大”，故選A。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“T few firms ffer an accurate accunt f what a psitin actually invlves in their jb previews, which are suppsed t give prspective emplyees a genuine sense f the negatives and psitives f the jb, as well as a clear idea f the cmpany’s crprate culture. One effective strategy is t lay ut in text r vide, what a typical day in the rle wuld lk like.(很少有公司會在職位預(yù)覽中準(zhǔn)確地描述一個職位的實際工作內(nèi)容，而預(yù)覽的目的是讓未來的員工真正了解這份工作的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，以及公司的企業(yè)文化。一個有效的策略是在文字或視頻中列出這個職位的典型一天是怎么過的)”可知，職位預(yù)覽應(yīng)該展示一個職位的真實情況，故選A。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Such hnesty can be its wn reward.(這種誠實本身就是一種回報)”可知，文章介紹了招聘過程中求職者和公司都傾向于夸大事實，很少有公司提供真實的職位預(yù)覽，但研究表明誠實是一種回報，真實的職位預(yù)覽會降低離職率，提高員工滿意度，B項“如何消除招聘中的謊言”能夠總結(jié)文章大意，故選B。
（2024·安徽黃山·一模）When clds and flu hit, many peple autmatically turn t ver-the-cunter (OTC) medicines t push thrugh and treat their symptms (癥狀). Althugh these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might cme as a surprise t many peple t learn that they are nt risk-free. A study estimated that every year, ver 26,000 peple went t the emergency rm fr adverse (有害的) events related t OTC cld and cugh medicines.
When tw r mre drugs are used tgether, their interactin can smetimes prduce unexpected harmful effects. Physicians are typically knwledgeable abut ptential drug interactins, s it is very imprtant fr patients t ask their healthcare prviders which OTC medicines are safe fr them t use.
It is imprtant t read the package ingredients f OTC medicines clsely t avid duplicatin f dses (劑量重復(fù)). Cld medicines are typically made up f multiple ingredients, including pain relievers, nasal decngestants and cugh suppressants r expectrants. A persn wh takes a single-ingredient medicine paired with ne f these multi-ingredient medicines can receive an unsafe dse f that ingredient.
While everyne culd ptentially experience adverse effects frm cld and flu medicines, sme grups-including lder adults, children and pregnant wmen-may be at greater risk.
Older peple wh are using prescribed (處方的) drugs t treat multiple health cnditins may have a higher risk f drug interactins because f the higher number f medicines being used at the same time t treat different cnditins. The aging bdy is nt expert at absrbing, distributing and clearing medicines as yunger bdies are. This can put lder adults at higher risk fr an verdse and drug-t-drug interactins with sme medicines.
The Fd and Drug Administratin and the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin d nt recmmend giving cld medicine t children under age 4. Because f a variety f factrs, yung children have a higher risk f an accidental verdse and adverse events that culd lead t death.
13．Why did the authr mentin the study in paragraph 1?
A．T stress the easy access t OTC medicines.
B．T explain the dangers f using OTC medicines.
C．T emphasize the imprtance f OTC medicines.
D．T prve the ptential risks f using OTC medicines.
14．What advice des the authr give t thse wh take different drugs at the same time?
A．Turn t dctrs fr advice.B．Buy medicines frm physicians.
C．Take nly ne drug instead.D．Change the ingredients f drugs.
15．What can we infer frm the text?
A．Wmen cannt face aging psitively.
B．Children are mre easily affected by diseases.
C．Older peple’s bdy cannt deal with medicines easily.
D．Peple’s desire fr health makes them take mre medicine.
16．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．OTC medicines may nt be safe.
B．Tips fr taking ver-the-cunter drugs.
C．Hw t deal with an OTC drug verdse?
D．Shuld medicines be available “ver the cunter”?
13．D 14．A 15．C 16．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了非處方藥 (OTC) 如感冒和流感藥物的風(fēng)險，文章建議人們在使用OTC藥品前要和醫(yī)生確認(rèn)是否安全。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Althugh these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might cme as a surprise t many peple t learn that they are nt risk-free. A study estimated that every year, ver 26,000 peple went t the emergency rm fr adverse (有害的) events related t OTC cld and cugh medicines.(盡管這些藥物很容易獲得并廣泛使用，但許多人可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們并非沒有風(fēng)險。一項研究估計，每年有26000多人因非處方感冒藥和咳嗽藥相關(guān)的不良事件前往急診室)”可知，這項研究是為了證明OTC藥物也是有風(fēng)險的，D選項（證明使用OTC藥品的潛在危險）符合題意，故選D項。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Physicians are typically knwledgeable abut ptential drug interactins, s it is very imprtant fr patients t ask their healthcare prviders which OTC medicines are safe fr them t use. (醫(yī)生通常了解潛在的藥物相互作用，因此患者詢問他們的醫(yī)療保健提供者哪些OTC藥物對他們來說是安全的是非常重要的)”可知，醫(yī)生擁有醫(yī)學(xué)知識，了解各種風(fēng)險，所以在服用OTC藥物之前，一定要和醫(yī)生確認(rèn)是否安全，故選A項。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“The aging bdy is nt expert at absrbing, distributing and clearing medicines as yunger bdies are. (衰老的身體不像年輕的身體那樣擅長于吸收、分配和清除藥物)”可知，老人的身體已經(jīng)衰老，無法像年輕人那樣高效地處理藥品了，C選項（老年人的身體不容易處理藥物）符合題意，故選C項。
16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Althugh these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might cme as a surprise t many peple t learn that they are nt risk-free. (雖然這些藥物容易獲得并廣泛使用，但許多人可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)它們并非沒有風(fēng)險)”可知，OTC藥物也是有風(fēng)險的，A選項（OTC藥物并非總是安全）符合題意，故選A項。
（2024·山西·一模）A new research frm the University f Michigan stated, “Peple tend t have ne f three beliefs abut the meaning f wrk and which categry yu fall int largely depends n yur parents.” Wrkers wh are jb-riented (有工作傾向的) are thse just trying t make a living wh much prefer the activities they pursue utside f the ffice. Career-riented adults value the scial status and fame that cmes with prfessinal achievement. Calling-riented peple d wrk that they are passinate abut because they want t have a psitive impact n the wrld.
In the first study int hw these rientatins riginate, researchers fund that hw teenagers perceive their parents’ wrk habit is central t the develpment f their wn wrk attitudes. It’s nt a straightfrward transfer f values. Peple wh perceive their father t have a strng career-rientatin are mre likely t be career-riented themselves-but career-determined mthers have n effect n their kids’ wrk rientatin. The researchers wed this t generatinal gender nrms. When the study’s participants were teenagers, mstly in the1980s, men were mre cmmnly emplyed utside f the hme and were mre likely than wmen t hld “career” jbs with pprtunity fr advancement. Mthers d have a ntable effect n whether children have a jb-rientatin mentality. Teenagers wh are clse t their mthers are less likely t view wrk as just a jb when they grw up, prbably because they’ve been raised t value scial, rather than instrumental life experiences.
Having bth parents display the same wrk ethic (行為準(zhǔn)則) has a strng influence, but nly in the case f calling-riented ffspring (子女). As the sciety nwadays favrs mney and prfessinal achievement, a child with tw calling-riented parents is mre likely t have the cnfidence t ignre these scietal pressures and pursue her dreams. Children can affect their parents’ wrk ethic, t. Allwing peple t bring their children int the ffice has been shwn t bst efficiency and prductivity and culd help raise that next generatin f career-riented wrkers.
17．What mtivates calling-riented peple t d wrk they like?
A．T achieve scial status and fame.B．T pursue activities utside the ffice.
C．T believe they can earn them much mney.D．T make a psitive cntributin t the wrld.
18．What is crucial in shaping the wrk attitudes f teenagers?
A．Peer pressure.B．Persnal preferences.
C．Educatinal backgrund.D．Awareness f parents’ wrk habits.
19．Why are children clse t mthers less likely t be jb-riented?
A．Because mthers value scial life experiences.
B．Because mthers fcus n instrumental life experiences.
C．Because mthers tend t have a strnger career rientatin.
D．Because mthers emphasize the imprtance f wrk as just a jb.
20．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The influence f scietal pressures n wrk beliefs.
B．The preferences f wrkers in different ccupatins.
C．The impact f parental wrk habits n teenagers’ attitudes.
D．The relatinship between mney and prfessinal achievement.
17．D 18．D 19．A 20．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，從三個不同的工作導(dǎo)向說明人們對工作意義的看法很大程度上取決于父母，強(qiáng)調(diào)了父母工作習(xí)慣對青少年態(tài)度的影響。
17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Calling-riented peple d wrk that they are passinate abut because they want t have a psitive impact n the wrld. (使命導(dǎo)向型的人做他們熱愛的工作，因為他們想對世界產(chǎn)生積極的影響。)”可知，對世界做出積極貢獻(xiàn)激勵使命取向型的人做他們喜歡的工作。故選D項。
18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In the first study int hw these rientatins riginate, researchers fund that hw teenagers perceive their parents’ wrk habit is central t the develpment f their wn wrk attitudes. (在第一項關(guān)于這些導(dǎo)向如何產(chǎn)生的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年如何看待父母的工作習(xí)慣對他們自己的工作態(tài)度的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。)”可知，在塑造青少年的工作態(tài)度方面，了解父母的工作習(xí)慣是至關(guān)重要的。故選D項。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Teenagers wh are clse t their mthers are less likely t view wrk as just a jb when they grw up, prbably because they’ve been raised t value scial, rather than instrumental life experiences.(與母親關(guān)系密切的青少年長大后不太可能將工作僅僅視為一份工作，這可能是因為他們在成長過程中受到的教育更重視社交，而不是工具性的生活經(jīng)歷。)”可知，因為母親重視社交生活經(jīng)驗，所以離母親近的孩子不太可能以工作為導(dǎo)向。故選A項。
20．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Peple tend t have ne f three beliefs abut the meaning f wrk and which categry yu fall int largely depends n yur parents. (人們對工作的意義往往有三種看法，而你屬于哪一類很大程度上取決于你的父母。)”可知，本文從三個不同的工作導(dǎo)向闡釋了人們對工作意義的看法很大程度上取決于父母，強(qiáng)調(diào)了父母工作習(xí)慣對青少年態(tài)度的影響。故選C項。
（2024·江蘇泰州·一模）A satellite is an bject in space that rbits arund anther. It has tw kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The mn is a natural satellite that mves arund the earth while artificial satellites are thse made by man.
Despite their widespread impact n daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend n different cmplicated makeups. On the utside, they may lk like a wheel, equipped with slar panels r sails. Inside, the satellites cntain missin-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tls the satellites need t perfrm their wrk. Amng them, high-reslutin cameras and cmmunicatin electrnics are typical nes. Besides, the part that carries the lad and hlds all the parts tgether is called the bus.
Artificial satellites perate in a systematic way just like humans. Cmputers functin as the satellite’s brain, which receive infrmatin, interpret it, and send messages back t the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensrs are ther imprtant parts that nt nly recgnize light, heat, and gases, but als recrd changes in what is being bserved. Radis n the satellite send infrmatin back t the earth. Slar panels prvide electrical pwer fr the cmputers and ther equipment, as well as the pwer t mve the satellite frward.
Artificial satellites use gravity t stay in their rbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything tward the center f the planet. T stay in the earth’s rbit, the speed f a satellite must adjust t the tiniest changes in the pull f gravity. The satellite’s speed wrks against earth’s gravity just enugh s that it desn’t g speeding int space r falling back t the earth.
Rckets carry satellites t different types and heights f rbits, based n the tasks they need t perfrm. Satellites clser t the earth are in lw-earth rbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The clser t the earth, the strnger the gravity is. Therefre, these satellites must travel at abut 17,000 miles per hur t keep frm falling back t the earth, while higher-rbiting satellites can travel mre slwly.
21．What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The appearance f artificial satellites.B．The cmpnents f artificial satellites.
C．The basic functin f artificial satellites.D．The specific missin f artificial satellites.
22．What is the rle f cmputers in artificial satellites?
A．Prviding electrical pwer.B．Recrding changes bserved.
C．Mnitring space envirnment.D．Prcessing infrmatin received.
23．Hw d artificial satellites stay in their rbits?
A．By relying n pwerful rckets t get ut f gravity.
B．By rbiting at a fixed speed regardless f gravity’s pull.
C．By changing speed cnstantly based n the pull f gravity.
D．By resisting the pull f gravity with advanced technlgies.
24．Why d satellites in higher-earth rbit travel mre slwly?
A．They are mre affected by earth’s gravity.
B．They take advantage f rckets mre effectively.
C．They have weaker pull f gravity in higher rbits.
D．They are equipped with mre advanced instruments.
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人造衛(wèi)星的組成、運(yùn)行方式和速度等基本情況。
21．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“On the utside, they may lk like a wheel, equipped with slar panels r sails. Inside, the satellites cntain missin-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tls the satellites need t perfrm their wrk.(在外面，它們可能看起來像一個輪子，配備了太陽能電池板或帆。衛(wèi)星內(nèi)部裝有特定任務(wù)的科學(xué)儀器，其中包括衛(wèi)星執(zhí)行工作所需的任何工具)”可知，文章第二段主要講的是人造衛(wèi)星的組成部分。故選B項。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Cmputers functin as the satellite’s brain, which receive infrmatin, interpret it, and send messages back t the earth.(計算機(jī)就像衛(wèi)星的大腦一樣，接收信息，解釋信息，并將信息發(fā)回地球)”可知，計算機(jī)在人造衛(wèi)星中的作用是處理接收到的信息。故選D項。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Artificial satellites use gravity t stay in their rbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything tward the center f the planet. T stay in the earth’s rbit, the speed f a satellite must adjust t the tiniest changes in the pull f gravity.(人造衛(wèi)星利用重力保持在軌道上。地球的引力把所有東西都拉向地球的中心。為了保持在地球軌道上運(yùn)行，衛(wèi)星的速度必須根據(jù)引力最微小的變化進(jìn)行調(diào)整)”可知，人造衛(wèi)星是通過在重力的作用下不斷改變速度保持在軌道上的。故選C項。
24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The clser t the earth, the strnger the gravity is. Therefre, these satellites must travel at abut 17,000 miles per hur t keep frm falling back t the earth, while higher-rbiting satellites can travel mre slwly.(離地球越近，引力就越強(qiáng)。因此，這些衛(wèi)星必須以每小時17000英里的速度運(yùn)行，以防止落回地球，而軌道較高的衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行速度更慢)”可知，高地球軌道上的衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行速度較慢是因為它們在高軌道上的引力較弱。故選C項。
（2024·廣東深圳·一模）Each year, the wrld lses abut 10 millin hectares f frest—an area abut the size f Iceland—because f cutting dwn trees. At that rate, sme scientists predict the wrld’s frests culd disappear in 100 t 200 years. T handle it, nw researchers at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have pineered a technique t generate wd-like plant materials in a lab. This makes it pssible t “grw” a wden prduct withut cutting dwn trees.
In the lab, the researchers first take cells frm the leaves f a yung plant. These cells are cultured in liquid medium fr tw days, then mved t anther medium which cntains nutrients and tw different hrmnes. By adjusting the hrmne levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities f the cells. Next, the researchers use a 3D printer t shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grw in the dark fr three mnths. Finally, the researchers dehydrate the material, and then evaluate its qualities.
They fund that lwer hrmne levels lead t plant materials with mre runded, pen cells f lwer density, while higher hrmne levels cntribute t the grwth f plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures. Lwer r higher density f cell structures makes the plant materials sfter r mre rigid, helping the materials grw with different wd-like characteristics. What’s mre, it’s t be nted that the research prcess is abut 100 times faster than the time it takes fr a tree t grw t maturity!
Research f this kind is grund-breaking. “This wrk demnstrates the great pwer f a technlgy,” says lead researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain. “The real pprtunity here is t be at its best with what yu use and hw yu use it. This technlgy can be tuned t meet the requirements yu give abut shapes, sizes, rigidity, and frms. It enables us t ‘grw’ any wden prduct in a way that traditinal agricultural methds can’t achieve.”
25．Why d researchers at MIT cnduct the research?
A．T grw mre trees.B．T prtect plant diversity.
C．T reduce tree lsses.D．T predict frest disappearance.
26．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut the lab research?
A．Its theretical basis.B．Its key prcedures.
C．Its scientific evidence.D．Its usual difficulties.
27．What des the finding suggest abut the plant materials?
A．The hrmne levels affect their rigidity.
B．They are better than naturally grwn plants.
C．Their cells’ shapes mainly rely n their density.
D．Their grwth speed determines their characteristics.
28．Why is the research grund-breaking accrding t Berenstain?
A．It uses new bilgical materials in lab experiments.
B．It revlutinizes the way t make wden prducts.
C．It challenges traditinal scientific theries in frestry.
D．It has a significant impact n wrldwide plant grwth.
25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了避免砍伐樹木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。解釋了其實驗過程以及其積極意義。
25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Each year, the wrld lses abut 10 millin hectares f frest—an area abut the size f Iceland—because f cutting dwn trees. At that rate, sme scientists predict the wrld’s frests culd disappear in 100 t 200 years. T handle it, nw researchers at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have pineered a technique t generate wd-like plant materials in a lab.(每年，由于砍伐樹木，世界上損失了大約1000萬公頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學(xué)家預(yù)測，按照這個速度，世界上的森林可能會在100到200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個問題，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這項研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選C。
26．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“In the lab, the researchers first take cells frm the leaves f a yung plant. These cells are cultured in liquid medium fr tw days, then mved t anther medium which cntains nutrients and tw different hrmnes. By adjusting the hrmne levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities f the cells. Next, the researchers use a 3D printer t shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grw in the dark fr three mnths. Finally, the researchers dehydrate the material, and then evaluate its qualities.(在實驗室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上提取細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。通過調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的物理和機(jī)械特性。接下來，研究人員使用3D打印機(jī)來塑造細(xì)胞基材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長三個月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評估其質(zhì)量)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)于實驗室研究的關(guān)鍵程序。故選B。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“They fund that lwer hrmne levels lead t plant materials with mre runded, pen cells f lwer density, while higher hrmne levels cntribute t the grwth f plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures. Lwer r higher density f cell structures makes the plant materials sfter r mre rigid, helping the materials grw with different wd-like characteristics.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞更圓、更開放，密度更低，而較高的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)更小，但密度更大。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔軟或更堅硬，幫助材料生長出不同的類木特性)”可知，激素水平影響植物材料的硬度。故選A。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This technlgy can be tuned t meet the requirements yu give abut shapes, sizes, rigidity, and frms. It enables us t ‘grw’ any wden prduct in a way that traditinal agricultural methds can’t achieve.(該技術(shù)可以調(diào)整以滿足對形狀、大小、剛性和形式的要求。它使我們能夠以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方法無法實現(xiàn)的方式“種植”任何木制品)”可知，貝倫斯坦認(rèn)為這項研究具有開創(chuàng)性因為它革新了制作木制品的方法。故選B。
（2024·云南昆明·一模）Frgetting names, faces, r events is a universal human experience; even thse wh see their minds sharp struggle with memry lss frm time t time. Mst cnsider these mental mistakes t be annyed, and they’re seen as a ptentially wrrisme sign f cgnitive decline. But neurlgist Sctt Small, wh studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Clumbia University, thinks this view f frgetting is all wrng. In fact, sme amunt f frgetfulness is critical fr ur minds and relatinships t functin at their best.
We’re develping drugs t prtect against memry lss. But many psychlgists have jked that what they want is a frgetfulness drug. T much memry pses a challenge in any lng-term relatinship. Anger, hatred—they all cme frm nt being able t let g f emtinal memries. Peple wh repeatedly think f anger r fear suffer, ften in lneliness.
Living in a nisy, ever-changing wrld, frgetting details is actually a perfect adaptatin. Creativity isn’t making smething ut f nthing. It’s making cnnectins between already-knwn elements—ideas, wrds, visuals, r expressins—t create smething new. But t make new cnnectins, the existing cnnectins in yur mind have t be lse. If the cnnectins between thse elements are t tightly bund in ur memry, there’s n rm fr creativity.
What can we d t help ur brains frget what we need t frget? One f the best ways t make sure that yu dn’t have a brain that’s burning t. ht with bad memries is t stay scially engaged. Anther thing t d is t sleep, and sleep well. Many experts have cncluded that we sleep in rder t frget, s it makes sense that sleep has been shwn t imprve creativity. If yu’re shrt f sleep, yur brain is n fire with t many memries. The brain is like a lawn f grass—yu need t keep it trimmed t make way fr new memries, new cnnectins, and new grwth.
29．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The damage f cgnitive decline.B．The imprtance f frgetting things.
C．The reasns f getting mental disease.D．The methds f preventing memry lss.
30．Why is the frgetfulness drug needed?
A．Because varius pressure makes us sleepless.
B．Because sme patients frget imprtant things.
C．Because t much memry disturbs and bthers us.
D．Because many senirs suffer frm Alzheimer’s disease.
31．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．T much memry blcks ur creativity.B．Our brain can adapt t ever-changing wrld.
C．Sleeping well cntributes t imprved attentin.D．Bad memry has terrible impact n ur scial life.
32．Where is the text prbably frm?
A．A bk review.B．An advertisement.C．A science fictin.D．A news reprt.
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了遺忘的重要性以及太多的記憶會阻礙我們的創(chuàng)造力。
29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Frgetting names, faces, r events is a universal human experience; even thse wh see their minds sharp struggle with memry lss frm time t time. Mst cnsider these mental mistakes t be annyed, and they’re seen as a ptentially wrrisme sign f cgnitive decline. But neurlgist Sctt Small, wh studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Clumbia University, thinks this view f frgetting is all wrng. In fact, sme amunt f frgetfulness is critical fr ur minds and relatinships t functin at their best.(忘記名字、面孔或事件是人類普遍的經(jīng)歷;即使是那些頭腦清醒的人也會時不時地與失憶作斗爭。大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這些心理錯誤是令人煩惱的，它們被視為認(rèn)知能力下降的潛在令人擔(dān)憂的跡象。但是在哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究和治療阿爾茨海默病的神經(jīng)學(xué)家斯科特·斯莫爾認(rèn)為，這種關(guān)于遺忘的觀點(diǎn)是完全錯誤的。事實上，一定程度的健忘對我們的思維和人際關(guān)系發(fā)揮最佳作用至關(guān)重要)”可知，第一段的主要內(nèi)容是遺忘的重要性。故選B。
30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“But many psychlgists have jked that what they want is a frgetfulness drug. T much memry pses a challenge in any lng-term relatinship. Anger, hatred—they all cme frm nt being able t let g f emtinal memries. Peple wh repeatedly think f anger r fear suffer, ften in lneliness.(但許多心理學(xué)家開玩笑說，他們想要的是一種遺忘藥。太多的記憶對任何長期關(guān)系來說都是一個挑戰(zhàn)。憤怒、憎恨——它們都來自于無法放下情緒記憶。反復(fù)想到憤怒或恐懼的人往往會感到孤獨(dú))”可知，需要遺忘藥是因為太多的記憶會擾亂和困擾我們。故選C。
31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“If the cnnectins between thse elements are t tightly bund in ur memry, there’s n rm fr creativity.(如果這些元素之間的聯(lián)系在我們的記憶中過于緊密，就沒有創(chuàng)造力的空間)”以及最后一段“Many experts have cncluded that we sleep in rder t frget, s it makes sense that sleep has been shwn t imprve creativity. If yu’re shrt f sleep, yur brain is n fire with t many memries. The brain is like a lawn f grass—yu need t keep it trimmed t make way fr new memries, new cnnectins, and new grwth.(許多專家得出結(jié)論，我們睡覺是為了遺忘，所以睡眠可以提高創(chuàng)造力也就說得通了。如果你睡眠不足，你的大腦會因為太多的記憶而著火。大腦就像一片草地，你需要修剪它，為新的記憶、新的聯(lián)系和新的成長騰出空間)”可知，太多的記憶會阻礙我們的創(chuàng)造力。故選A。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“But neurlgist Sctt Small, wh studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Clumbia University, thinks this view f frgetting is all wrng. In fact, sme amunt f frgetfulness is critical fr ur minds and relatinships t functin at their best.(但是在哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究和治療阿爾茨海默病的神經(jīng)學(xué)家斯科特·斯莫爾認(rèn)為，這種關(guān)于遺忘的觀點(diǎn)是完全錯誤的。事實上，一定程度的健忘對我們的思維和人際關(guān)系發(fā)揮最佳作用至關(guān)重要)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了遺忘的重要性以及太多的記憶會阻礙我們的創(chuàng)造力，屬于科普知識，故推測這篇文章最有可能選自新聞報道。故選D。
（2024·山東日照·一模）Dr Paul King at Texas Christian University has been an influential schlar in the field f cmmunicatin studies fr 30 years. I spke t King abut his research int “state anxiety in listening perfrmance”. Mst f us believe that anxiety impacts nly the persn giving the speech r presentatin. Dr King has discvered that audience members feel anxiety, t.
King says that listening is a tiring activity because the learner is cntinually adding material t be remembered-retrieved-later. This is what he means by “cgnitive backlg(認(rèn)知積壓)”. Put simply, the lnger the task r the mre infrmatin that is delivered, the greater the cgnitive lad. Accrding t King, listening t a five-minute presentatin prduces a relatively small amunt f cgnitive backlg; an 18-minute presentatin prduces a little mre, while a 60-minute presentatin prduces s much backlg that yu risk seriusly upsetting yur audience unless yu create a very engaging presentatin with “sft breaks”— stries, vides, demnstratins, r ther speakers.
The lnger the presentatin, the mre the listener has t rganize, cmprehend, and remember. The burden increases alng with a listener’s anxiety. They becme increasingly frustrated, even angry. King says that the current research int memry prcessing suggests that it’s better t study cntent n tw r three ccasins fr a shrt perid f time instead f spending an entire evening cramming(填鴨式學(xué)習(xí)).
King applies the results t his graduate class n research methds. If given a chice, mst graduate students wuld rather attend a single three-hur class than three 50-minute classes. When King taught his class nce a week, he fund that the students returned fr the next class having lst mst f the infrmatin they had learned the prir week. King discvered the “better practice” was t schedule the same cntent n three separate ccasins, such as Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday. King said that despite bjectins, when he taught the class n three ccasins his students scred better and exhibited a better memry f the cmplex material.
33．What des Dr Paul King say abut “cgnitive backlg”?
A．It shuld be prevented frm happening.
B．It is affected by the number f listeners.
C．It changes with the length f a presentatin.
D．It prduces a negative effect n mental health.
34．What is the functin f “sft breaks”?
A．T ease listeners’ anxiety.B．T shw the talents f speakers.
C．T add tpics t the presentatin.D．T make the presentatin lnger.
35．What des Dr Paul King’s new practice fcus n?
A．Explring cmplex materials.B．Cmpleting a single task at a time.
C．Breaking up the whle int parts.D．Gruping students by their levels.
36．What can we learn abut Dr Paul King’s new class schedule?
A．It was welcmed by students.B．It turned ut t be a success.
C．It made n difference indeed.D．It still had rm fr imprvement.
33．C 34．A 35．C 36．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要訪談了德克薩斯基督教大學(xué)的保羅·金教授，討論了他的研究“聽力表現(xiàn)中的狀態(tài)焦慮”。文章揭示了聽眾在聽力過程中也會感受到焦慮，這種焦慮隨著演講時間的增長和信息量的增加而增加。文章還提到，金教授將這一研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于自己的研究生課程，通過將課程內(nèi)容分三次授課，而不是一次三小時的集中授課，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果更好。
33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Put simply, the lnger the task r the mre infrmatin that is delivered, the greater the cgnitive lad.(簡單來說，任務(wù)越長或者傳遞的信息越多，認(rèn)知負(fù)荷就越大)”可知，認(rèn)知負(fù)荷隨著任務(wù)的長度發(fā)生變化，故選C項。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accrding t King, listening t a five-minute presentatin prduces a relatively small amunt f cgnitive backlg; an 18-minute presentatin prduces a little mre, while a 60-minute presentatin prduces s much backlg that yu risk seriusly upsetting yur audience unless yu create a very engaging presentatin with “sft breaks”— stries, vides, demnstratins, r ther speakers.( 根據(jù)金博士的說法，聽一個五分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生相對較少的認(rèn)知積壓；18分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生更多一些，而60分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生如此多的認(rèn)知積壓，除非你制作了一個非常吸引人的演講，并有“輕松休息”——故事、視頻、演示或其他演講者，否則你冒著嚴(yán)重激怒你的聽眾的風(fēng)險)”可知，“輕松休息”的功能是減輕聽眾的焦慮情緒，故選A項。
35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“King applies the results t his graduate class n research methds.(金博士將結(jié)果應(yīng)用到他的研究生課程研究方法上)”以及“King discvered the “better practice” was t schedule the same cntent n three separate ccasins, such as Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday. (金博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，更好的做法是將相同的內(nèi)容安排在三個不同的時間，例如周一、周三和周五)”可知，金博士的新做法是將整個任務(wù)分解為幾個部分，故選C項。
36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“King said that despite bjectins, when he taught the class n three ccasins his students scred better and exhibited a better memry f the cmplex material(金博士說，盡管有反對意見，當(dāng)他在三個不同時間教授課程時，他的學(xué)生得分更好，并且對復(fù)雜材料的記憶力更好)”可知，保羅·金博士的新課程安排，結(jié)果證明是成功的，故選B項。
（2024·山東日照·一模）Dr Paul King at Texas Christian University has been an influential schlar in the field f cmmunicatin studies fr 30 years. I spke t King abut his research int “state anxiety in listening perfrmance”. Mst f us believe that anxiety impacts nly the persn giving the speech r presentatin. Dr King has discvered that audience members feel anxiety, t.
King says that listening is a tiring activity because the learner is cntinually adding material t be remembered-retrieved-later. This is what he means by “cgnitive backlg(認(rèn)知積壓)”. Put simply, the lnger the task r the mre infrmatin that is delivered, the greater the cgnitive lad. Accrding t King, listening t a five-minute presentatin prduces a relatively small amunt f cgnitive backlg; an 18-minute presentatin prduces a little mre, while a 60-minute presentatin prduces s much backlg that yu risk seriusly upsetting yur audience unless yu create a very engaging presentatin with “sft breaks”— stries, vides, demnstratins, r ther speakers.
The lnger the presentatin, the mre the listener has t rganize, cmprehend, and remember. The burden increases alng with a listener’s anxiety. They becme increasingly frustrated, even angry. King says that the current research int memry prcessing suggests that it’s better t study cntent n tw r three ccasins fr a shrt perid f time instead f spending an entire evening cramming(填鴨式學(xué)習(xí)).
King applies the results t his graduate class n research methds. If given a chice, mst graduate students wuld rather attend a single three-hur class than three 50-minute classes. When King taught his class nce a week, he fund that the students returned fr the next class having lst mst f the infrmatin they had learned the prir week. King discvered the “better practice” was t schedule the same cntent n three separate ccasins, such as Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday. King said that despite bjectins, when he taught the class n three ccasins his students scred better and exhibited a better memry f the cmplex material.
37．What des Dr Paul King say abut “cgnitive backlg”?
A．It shuld be prevented frm happening.
B．It is affected by the number f listeners.
C．It changes with the length f a presentatin.
D．It prduces a negative effect n mental health.
38．What is the functin f “sft breaks”?
A．T ease listeners’ anxiety.B．T shw the talents f speakers.
C．T add tpics t the presentatin.D．T make the presentatin lnger.
39．What des Dr Paul King’s new practice fcus n?
A．Explring cmplex materials.B．Cmpleting a single task at a time.
C．Breaking up the whle int parts.D．Gruping students by their levels.
40．What can we learn abut Dr Paul King’s new class schedule?
A．It was welcmed by students.B．It turned ut t be a success.
C．It made n difference indeed.D．It still had rm fr imprvement.
37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要訪談了德克薩斯基督教大學(xué)的保羅·金教授，討論了他的研究“聽力表現(xiàn)中的狀態(tài)焦慮”。文章揭示了聽眾在聽力過程中也會感受到焦慮，這種焦慮隨著演講時間的增長和信息量的增加而增加。文章還提到，金教授將這一研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于自己的研究生課程，通過將課程內(nèi)容分三次授課，而不是一次三小時的集中授課，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果更好。
37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Put simply, the lnger the task r the mre infrmatin that is delivered, the greater the cgnitive lad.(簡單來說，任務(wù)越長或者傳遞的信息越多，認(rèn)知負(fù)荷就越大)”可知，認(rèn)知負(fù)荷隨著任務(wù)的長度發(fā)生變化，故選C項。
38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accrding t King, listening t a five-minute presentatin prduces a relatively small amunt f cgnitive backlg; an 18-minute presentatin prduces a little mre, while a 60-minute presentatin prduces s much backlg that yu risk seriusly upsetting yur audience unless yu create a very engaging presentatin with “sft breaks”— stries, vides, demnstratins, r ther speakers.( 根據(jù)金博士的說法，聽一個五分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生相對較少的認(rèn)知積壓；18分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生更多一些，而60分鐘的演講會產(chǎn)生如此多的認(rèn)知積壓，除非你制作了一個非常吸引人的演講，并有“輕松休息”——故事、視頻、演示或其他演講者，否則你冒著嚴(yán)重激怒你的聽眾的風(fēng)險)”可知，“輕松休息”的功能是減輕聽眾的焦慮情緒，故選A項。
39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“King applies the results t his graduate class n research methds.(金博士將結(jié)果應(yīng)用到他的研究生課程研究方法上)”以及“King discvered the “better practice” was t schedule the same cntent n three separate ccasins, such as Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday. (金博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，更好的做法是將相同的內(nèi)容安排在三個不同的時間，例如周一、周三和周五)”可知，金博士的新做法是將整個任務(wù)分解為幾個部分，故選C項。
40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“King said that despite bjectins, when he taught the class n three ccasins his students scred better and exhibited a better memry f the cmplex material(金博士說，盡管有反對意見，當(dāng)他在三個不同時間教授課程時，他的學(xué)生得分更好，并且對復(fù)雜材料的記憶力更好)”可知，保羅·金博士的新課程安排，結(jié)果證明是成功的，故選B項。
（2024·湖南長沙·一模）Crws (烏鴉) are undeniably intelligent. Frm making tls t hlding hatred, crws have been surprising the scientific cmmunity with their skillset. In fact, a study nce published in the jurnal Current Bilgy fund “the crw brain is the same relative size as the chimpanzee (大猩猩) brain”.
Nw, a study published in Science Advances finds crws understand what is knwn as recursin (遞歸). Prir t this study, recursin was believed t be unique t humans.
“We were interested in the ability t represent recursive structures—defined here as having elements be put within ther similar elements,” Diana Lia said, wh is the study’s first authr. Lia says it was surprising t discver crws “were able t knw the underlying recursive structure f the rders” upn first expsure. This makes the birds similar t humans, wh are able t extract patterns with little experience. “Recursin is thught t be a key feature f human symblic systems such as language r mathematics—and since these are thught t be unique t humans—there’s been interest in whether nn-human animals can grasp and generate recursive structures,” says Lia.
What exactly is recursin? Lia explains: “A classic example sentence is ‘the muse the cat caught ran’ where the clause the cat caught’ is within the clause’ the muse wh ran’. These cmplex structures are fund in human languages but nt in animal cmmunicatin systems which suggest that recursin might be what separates them.”
The findings f this study are significant since they shw recursive ability in animals that are nt clsely related t chimpanzees. “This suggests that this ability is either very evlutinarily (進(jìn)化) ancient r that is a prduct f cnvergent evlutin,” says Lia. “Als, it wuld prpse that certain brain structures are nt necessary t supprt this ability since birds have a dramatically different neural architecture.”
Lia says scientists knw crws are smart but the extent f their intelligence is really unexpected. “Everyne has the impressin that crws are super smart but I simply didn’t knw just hw intelligent they are.”
41．What is the finding f the new study?
A．Crws can make tls.
B．Crws understand recursin.
C．Crws can create special patterns.
D．Crws and chimpanzees are f a brain size.
42．Which structure can shw Crws’ special ability?
A．I bught a bkB．My bk was missing.
C．The bk I bught was missing.D．My bk was missing and I bught ne.
43．What impressed Diana Lia?
A．Crws’ intelligence level.B．Crws’ bdy structure.
C．The reasn fr Crws’s martness.D．peple’s impressin f crws.
44．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Crws Are Humans’ clse Relatives
B．Crws Are Fund the cleverest Bird
C．Crws Have the Ability t Learn t speak
D．Crws Have a Human-like Grammar skill
41．B 42．C 43．A 44．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項科學(xué)研究，研究表明烏鴉能夠理解一種被稱之為遞歸的認(rèn)知原理，而遞歸被認(rèn)為是人類語言或數(shù)學(xué)符號系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵特征。
41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Nw, a study published in Science Advances finds crws understand what is knwn as recursin (遞歸). Prir t this study, recursin was believed t be unique t humans.(現(xiàn)在，一項發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，烏鴉理解一種被稱為遞歸的概念。在這項研究之前，人們認(rèn)為遞歸是人類獨(dú)有的)”可知，烏鴉被發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠理解遞歸結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。
42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Nw, a study published in Science Advances finds crws understand what is knwn as recursin (遞歸). Prir t this study, recursin was believed t be unique t humans.(現(xiàn)在，一項發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，烏鴉理解一種被稱為遞歸的概念。在這項研究之前，人們認(rèn)為遞歸是人類獨(dú)有的)以及第四段“A classic example sentence is ‘the muse the cat caught ran’ where the clause the cat caught’ is within the clause’ the muse wh ran’. These cmplex structures are fund in human languages but nt in animal cmmunicatin systems which suggest that recursin might be what separates them.(一個經(jīng)典的例句是‘貓抓的老鼠跑了’，其中‘貓抓的’是‘老鼠跑了’這個從句中的一部分。這些復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)在人類語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在動物交流系統(tǒng)中卻沒有，這表明遞歸可能是將它們區(qū)分開來的關(guān)鍵)”可推知，烏鴉可以分析出句子中的從句結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。
43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lia says scientists knw crws are smart but the extent f their intelligence is really unexpected.(廖說，科學(xué)家們知道烏鴉很聰明，但他們的聰明程度真的出乎意料)”可知，Lia雖然知道烏鴉很聰明，但是對烏鴉的聰明程度感到驚訝。故選A。
44．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Crws (烏鴉) are undeniably intelligent. Frm making tls t hlding hatred, crws have been surprising the scientific cmmunity with their skillset. In fact, a study nce published in the jurnal Current Bilgy fund “the crw brain is the same relative size as the chimpanzee (大猩猩) brain”.(烏鴉無疑是非常聰明的。從制作工具到保持仇恨，烏鴉的技能讓科學(xué)界感到驚訝。事實上，一項曾發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“烏鴉的大腦與大猩猩的大腦在相對大小上是相同的”)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了烏鴉大腦中存在特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，這種復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)被認(rèn)為是人類語言或數(shù)學(xué)符號系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵特征，D項“Crws Have a Human-like Grammar skill(烏鴉有類似人類的語法技能)”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D。
（2024·廣東湛江·一模）Fr the histry f life n Earth, rganisms have relied n the light f the sun, mn, and stars t find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning f electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused prblems in the natural wrld. Amng the impacts f artificial light at night(ALAN), light pllutin lures migrating birds t cities with shcking cnsequences, cntributes t the alarming decline in insect ppulatins, and cnvinces sea turtle babies t amble(緩行)away frm the water instead f twards it.
Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.
Using a cmbinatin f light pllutin data and spawning(產(chǎn)卵)bservatins, researchers were able t shw fr the first time that crals expsed t ALAN are spawning ne t three days earlier and clser t the full mn cmpared t thse n unlit crals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilizatin success f gametes(配子)and genetic cnnectivity between nearby lit and unlit cral systems,” they explain.
“Crals are amng the mst bidiverse, ecnmically imprtant, and threatened ecsystems n the planet,” write the authrs f the study.
“Climate change has led t mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destructin, fisheries, and pllutin have reduced crals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The cmplete lss f crals is anticipated ver the next 100 years.”
If we want t reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we culd perhaps lk t delay the switching-n f night-time lighting in castal regins t ensure the natural dark perid between sunset and mnrise when cral reprductin remains undisturbed.
45．Why is the first paragraph written?
A．T present the tpic f the text.B．T advcate energy cnservatin.
C．T explain a natural phenmenn.D．T prvide backgrund infrmatin.
46．What des the underlined wrd “ptimum” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Pssible.B．Apprpriate.C．Flexible.D．Sensitive.
47．What is the researchers’ majr cncern ver crals?
A．Extinctin.B．Lsing value.
C．Terrible diseases.D．Expsure t mnlight.
48．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Creatures Rely n Natural Lights t Schedule Their Life
B．Night-time Lighting Shrtens Natural Dark Perid
C．Castal Lights Trick Crals int Early Spawning
D．Light Pllutin Leads t Serius Cnsequences
45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了海濱城市的照明對珊瑚的影響。這些照明產(chǎn)生的光會使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚產(chǎn)卵早，從而對其產(chǎn)生不利影響。
45．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Fr the histry f life n Earth, rganisms have relied n the light f the sun, mn, and stars t find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning f electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused prblems in the natural wrld. Amng the impacts f artificial light at night(ALAN), light pllutin lures migrating birds t cities with shcking cnsequences, cntributes t the alarming decline in insect ppulatins, and cnvinces sea turtle babies t amble(緩行)away frm the water instead f twards it.(在地球上生命的歷史中，生物一直依靠太陽、月亮和星星的光來找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。雖然19世紀(jì)末開始的電燈可能給人類帶來了好處，但它也給自然界帶來了問題。在夜間人造光(ALAN)的影響中，光污染將候鳥吸引到城市，帶來令人震驚的后果，導(dǎo)致昆蟲數(shù)量驚人的下降，并使海龜寶寶遠(yuǎn)離水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介紹了始于 19 世末的人造光源對自然產(chǎn)生的不好的影響，結(jié)合第二段“Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.(現(xiàn)在，普利茅斯大學(xué)的一項新研究增加了另一個令人失望的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即ALAN如何影響與我們共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染會誘使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳時間之外繁殖。)”講述文章主題是闡述人造光對于珊瑚的危害可推斷，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故選D。
46．詞句猜測題。分析句子可知，后面的定語從句“when they wuld nrmally reprduce(當(dāng)它們正常繁殖的時候)”修飾the ptimum time可知“the ptimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖時間”，所以畫線詞與apprpriate“合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?。故選B。
47．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“The cmplete lss f crals is anticipated ver the next 100 years.( 預(yù)計珊瑚將在未來100年內(nèi)完全消失。)”可知，研究人員最大的擔(dān)心是珊瑚的滅絕。故選A。
48．主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是第二段“Nw, a new study frm the University f Plymuth adds anther disappinting finding abut hw ALAN is affecting the creatures with whm we share the planet: Light pllutin frm castal cities can trick crals(珊瑚)int reprducing utside f the ptimum times when they wuld nrmally reprduce.(現(xiàn)在，普利茅斯大學(xué)的一項新研究增加了另一個令人失望的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即ALAN如何影響與我們共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染會誘使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳時間之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主要介紹了海濱城市的照明對珊瑚的影響。這些照明產(chǎn)生的光會使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚產(chǎn)卵早，從而對其產(chǎn)生不利影響，因此 C 項“海岸燈光誘使珊瑚提早產(chǎn)卵”為合適的標(biāo)題。故選C。

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