專題03 閱讀理解（說明文）
（2024屆·河北石家莊·一模）Change can be unsettling. Gd r bad, exciting r unexpected, there’s an undeniable anxiety that accmpanies seeing ur lives shift. Thankfully, nature reminds us that entering a new seasn in ur lives is nthing t fear but smething t enjy.
What’s nw knwn as “l(fā)eaf-peeping” has becme a highly prfitable frm f turism in the United States. A research shws that acrss states in the eastern half f the cuntry, fall fliage (葉子) turism cntributes mre than $30 billin t lcal ecnmies. And even thugh climate change has made int mre difficult t predict when exactly fliage will peak, it hasn’t stpped peple frm trying t figure it ut. Turism leaders frm the Smky Muntains recently released their annual fall fliage predictin map which helps travelers plan ut when they have the best chance t catch thse beautiful autumn views.
Perhaps part f what makes the fliage s special is the belief that it’s temprary. Eventually, branches will becme bare, and we’ll stp taking phts fr scial media. And as the seasns change and we feel that familiar lnging fr what was, trees will nce again embrace (欣然接受) their evlutin.
Even when they aren’t decrated with flashy fall clrs and their internal systems slw dwn, trees are still supprting the ecsystem. Their fallen leaves are brken dwn by bacteria and fungi and prvide the sil with nutrients the tree needs t grw. Insects take up shelter in their bark, eventually becming fd fr ther wildlife seeking a place t nest. Their strng rts stabilize the sil, preventing ersin (侵蝕) frm winter snwmelt.
Right nw, trees arund the cuntry are already beginning t welcme their next chapter. During this time f the year, it feels like frests are just ffering endless jy fr free. And fall fliage is an everlasting reminder that the grwth with changes is beautiful.
1．What des “l(fā)eaf-peeping” refer t?
A．A frm f turism where peple g t see fall fliage.
B．A measure taken by turism leaders t prtect trees.
C．A research abut the effects f climate change n trees.
D．A methd fr predicting when fall fliage will peak.
2．Why d peple find fall fliage s special?
A．It brings change t daily life.B．It cntributes t lcal ecnmy.
C．It helps preserve ecsystems.D．It lasts nly fr a shrt time.
3．What can we learn abut trees in fall frm paragraph 4?
A．They are easily damaged by bacteria.B．They stp rting due t cld weather.
C．They cntinue prviding shelter fr wildlife.D．They play a rle in reducing snwfall.
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Trees Supprting the EcsystemB．Lessn frm Trees: Embracing Change
C．Fall Fliage Turism in the USD．Climate Changes in the Seasn f Fall
（2024屆·湖南·湖南師大附中校聯(lián)考一模）Digital reading appears t be destrying habits f “deep reading”. Astnishing numbers f peple with years f schling are in effect illiterate. This mnth’s Ljubljana Manifest (宣言) explains: “The digital field may prmte mre reading than ever in histry, but it als ffers many temptatins t read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — r even nt t read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential t civilizatin. It enabled the enlightenment and an internatinal increase in empathy. Withut it, we wuld suffer a lt. As the Ljubljana Manifest ntes, “as much as ne-third f Eurpeans struggle even with lwer-level reading skills.” Mre than ne-fifth f adults in the US “fall int the illiterate/functinally illiterate categry”. Separately, pst-pandemic reading scres fr American 13-year-lds are the lwest in decades. And the Washingtn-based Center fr Glbal Develpment recently estimated that literacy in Suth Asia and sub-Saharan Africa amng thse with five years f schling has decreased by 10% this past half century.
Experts in the Ljubljana Manifest recrd the demerits f digital reading: “Recent studies f varius kinds indicate a decline f critical and cnscius reading, slw reading, nn-strategic reading and lng-frm reading.” When yu read a bk n paper, yu can be entirely inside the experience, absrb hundreds f pages f details thrughly and begin t capture the wrld’s cmplexity. Online, says Maryanne Wlf f UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrlling”. The medium is the message: ding deep reading n yur phne is as hard as playing tennis with yur phne. Recently, a bright 11-year-ld tld me I was wasting time n bks: he absrbed mre infrmatin faster frm Wikipedia. He had a pint. But digital readers als absrb mre misinfrmatin and seldm absrb fine perspectives.
In shrt, as prfessrs frm Nrthwestern University fresaw in 2005, we are returning t the days when nly an elite (精英) “reading class” cnsumes lng texts, which is wrrying.
5．What can we learn abut digital reading frm paragraph 1?
A．Digital reading has slved the prblem f illiteracy.
B．Digital reading has lessened the practice f deep reading.
C．Digital reading has made deep reading accessible t wider readers.
D．Digital reading has arused a greater appreciatin fr deep reading.
6．What is the purpse f the figures used in paragraph 2?
A．T display the ppularity f digital reading.
B．T highlight the advantages f deep reading.
C．T present the unfavrable situatin f literacy.
D．T stress the illiterate’s lwer-level reading skills.
7．What des the underlined wrd “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Effects.B．Depths.C．Features.D．Drawbacks.
8．What might be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A．Advantages f digital reading.B．Benefits f higher-level reading.
C．Ways t encurage digital reading.D．Measures t practice deep reading.
（2024屆·海南·校聯(lián)考一模）Fr the first time, scientists have grwn plants in the mn sil cllected by NASA’s Apll astrnauts. The scientists had n idea if anything wuld grw in the mn dirt. They wanted t see if it culd be used t grw fd by the next generatin f mn explrers. The results surprised them. Plants actually can grw in lunar (月球的) sil.
The researchers planted thale cress (芥藍), a small flwering plant, in mn sil returned frm the Apll missins. The gd news was that all f the seeds grew. The bad news was that after the first week the lunar sil stressed the plants s much that they grew slwly. Mst f the mn plants ended up stunted—meaning small r nt fully develped.
The lnger the sil was expsed t radiatin and slar wind n the mn, the wrse the plants seemed t d. The sil cllected by the Apll 11 missin was the least helpful fr grwth. It was expsed a cuple billin years lnger t the elements.
Scientists said, “This is a big step frward t knw that we can grw plants. The real next step is t g and d it n the surface f the mn.”
Mn dirt is full f glass particles frm micrmeterite (微小隕石) impacts. One slutin might be t use yunger gelgic spts n the mn, like lava flws, fr digging up sil. The envirnment als culd be changed by adding special nutrient (營養(yǎng)物) mixtures r artificial lighting.
Only 382 kilgrams f mn rcks and sil were brught back by the six Apll erews that landed n the mn. Mst f them are still lcked away, frcing researchers t experiment with sil made f vlcanic ash n Earth.
Early last year NASA finally gave ut 12 grams f sil t the University f Flrida researchers fr the planting experiment. NASA said the timing fr such an experiment was finally right with the space agency lking t put astrnauts back n the mn in a few years.
9．What is the result f the planting experiment with lunar sil?
A．The plants culdn’t grw nrmally.B．It was difficult fr the seeds t grw.
C．They were struck by sme diseases.D．The sil was t stressed fr the plants t grw.
10．What is the final purpse f this experiment?
A．T create a new crp.B．T imprve lunar sil.
C．T plant n the mn.D．T find the right amunt f light.
11．Why did the scientists use vlcanic ash fr testing?
A．Lunar sil cannt be brught back by humans.B．Lunar sil was difficult t btain fr testing.
C．Lunar sil is nt suitable fr planting.D．Lunar sil is the same as vlcanic ash.
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Future Astrnauts Will Grw Fd n the Mn
B．It’s Time t Study Grwing Crps n the Mn
C．Lunar Sil Cnsists f Tiny Glass Particles
D．Scientists Grw Plants in Dirt frm the Mn
（2024屆·廣東汕頭·?？家荒＃㏑ace walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接觸) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries (卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
13．Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A．They must run lng distances.B．They are qualified fr the marathn.
C．They have t fllw special rules.D．They are gd at swinging their legs.
14．What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A．It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.B． It’s less challenging physically.
C． It’s mre effective in bdy building.D． It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
15．What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A．Getting experts’ pinins.B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced cach.D．Ding regular exercises.
16．Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Tlerant.D．Cnservative.
（2024屆·江西萍鄉(xiāng)·萍鄉(xiāng)中學校考一模）Imagine yu’re ut fr an evening strll in a freign city, lking t find a restaurant fr dinner. If yu’re like mst peple, yu will lk fr the busiest restaurant with the mst diners because its ppularity is bund t reflect n the quality f fd and service. But is this true?
Naturally cpying ther peple’s thughts r chices r simply ging with the crwd is ften referred t as “herd behaviur”. It is a frequent ccurrence amng humans as well as many ther animals, a cmmn example being sheep. Herding can appear t make a lt f sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.
Psychlgy research suggests that the phenmenn relies n the existence f scial cnnectins r patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms f passing n infrmatin. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability t “mentalise”, which means being able t read and interpret smene else’s mental state and using the infrmatin t explain their chices.
Cntrary t the s-called “wisdm f crwds”, which emerges when the judgement f individual grup members are independently cllected t prduce an average pinin, herd behavir typically rely n s-called “infrmatin cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where peple take n thers’ beliefs r cpy their chices withut critically assessing the underlying reasns. This frequently leads t the imitatin f irratinal (不理性的) r simply stupid behavirs. Cnsequently, herding can have many undesirable utcmes, including unfavrable influences n cnsumer chices, like in the restaurant example abve.
Hwever, it seems there is n quick and easy fix t resist the lure f herd behaviur. Instead, lng-term attitude changes may be necessary, which culd invlve individuals adpting mre critical appraches twards their peers’ pinin, and questining thers’ behavir as ppsed t blindly fllwing them.
17．Which f the fllwing can be called “herd behaviur” ?
A．Chsing the mst crwded restaurant t dine in.
B．Asking friends fr suggestins when in cnfusin.
C．Running ut immediately when the fire bell rings.
D．Analyzing a prduct carefully befre buying it.
18．An imprtant cnditin fr herd behaviur lies in _______.
A．explaining life patterns
B．understanding scial cnnectins
C．cmprehending thers’ mental state
D．sharing infrmatin amng individuals
19．What leads t the herd behaviur?
A．Wisdm f crwds.B．Uncertain utcmes.
C．Lack f ratinal analyses.D．Enugh individual pinins.
20．Hw can peple avid the the herd behaviur?
A．Never fllw the trend.B．Keep a questining mind.
C．Say n t any ppular events.D．Stand ppsite against the public.
（2024屆·江西萍鄉(xiāng)·萍鄉(xiāng)中學?？家荒＃㎜ate nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are s many things that can cut int ur shut-eye. When des that threaten ur health — and what can we d abut it?
T start with the basics: if yu are getting anywhere frm seven t nine hurs a night, yu’re prbably fine. But yu shuld certainly get cncerned with cnsistently sleeping less than seven hurs a night, and really cncerned if it drpped t six r belw. “If yu are waking up a lt in the night, this will impact the quantity and quality f yur sleep, which can lead t harm in yur immune system, impairment in gut (腸道) health and many ther side-effects,” says Christpher Barker, a persnal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an indicatr f a sleep disrder r anther underlying health cnditin — if yu’re cncerned abut any f these issues, it’s wrth talking t yur dctr.”
S what is yur best bet fr catching sme quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try t expse yurself t sunlight during the day t keep yur circadian rhythms n track. Physical activity can als help: sleep and exercise have a bidirectinal relatinship. In a 2022 pll, participants wh undertk vigrus physical activity tended t fall asleep faster, wke up less during the night and wke up feeling refreshed, cmpared with nn-exercisers.
When it’s time fr bed, make sure yu turn in at a reasnably cnsistent hur, and keep yur sleep hygiene in shape. “Yu shuld try t keep yur weekend rutine within ne t tw hurs f yur weekday ne, and keep them highly cnsistent,” says Barker. “I’d als suggest keeping yur bedrm free f electrnics, and keep it cl and dark. I ften wrk with athletes, and ne f the first things I ask them t d is activate their devices’ night mde, which cuts dwn n the emissin f blue light that can impede sleep. Ideally, stay ff all f yur devices fr an hur befre bed.”
Oh, and taking a deep breath really can wrk: there is evidence that it activates yur parasympathetic nervus system (副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)) and winds yu dwn.
21．Why des the authr mentin “s many things” in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic.B．T make cmparisns.
C．T supprt his/her argument.D．T seek pinins.
22．What may be an indicatr f a sleep disrder?
A．Deep breath.B．Gut discmfrt.
C．Sufficient bedtime.D．Sleep cnsistency.
23．Hw can we get quality Zs?
A．Exercise regularly.B．Wrk with athletes.
C．Keep weekends busy.D．Activate digital devices.
24．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Stress frm a pr sleep.
B．Trend f sleeping less at night.
C．Bad habits that threaten ur health.
D．Ways t get a cnsistent gd sleep.
（2024屆·江西景德鎮(zhèn)·統(tǒng)考一模）The PAL-V Liberty is a revlutinary vehicle that can travel n bth land and air. It is the wrld’s first cmmercial flying car, and it is nw available fr pre-rder. The PAL-V Liberty is develped by a Dutch cmpany called PAL-V Internatinal B．V., which stands fr Persnal Air and Land Vehicle. The cmpany has been wrking n the prject since 2001, and has successfully tested the prttype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a tw-seater hybrid car and gyrplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a fldable rtr n tp. It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected t be delivered t custmers in 2023, alter btaining the necessary certificatins frm aviatin authrities. The cmpany claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulatins f bth cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy t perate. Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.
T drive the PAL-V Liberty, ne needs bth a driving license and a pilt license. The vehicle als requires a runway r airstrip t take ff and land, as it cannt d s vertically like a helicpter. The cmpany says it has received 70 rders fr the vehicle s far, mstly frm custmers in Eurpe and Nrth America. The PAL-V Liberty is a grundbreaking innvatin that culd change the future f transprtatin, but it als faces many challenges and limitatins.
25．What’s the limitatin f the Pineer Editin f the PAL-V Liberty?
A．Lack f custmized selectin.B．Failure t land and take ff vertically
C．Extra mney t be paid fr flight training.D．Disagreement with the existing traffic rules.
26．What can we infer abut frm the passage?
A．The PAL-V Liberty has been used in ur daily life.
B．If yu have a pilt license, yu can drive the PAL-V Liberty.
C．It can switch between driving and flying mde in a shrt time
D．The Sprt Editin is mre attractive features than the Pineer Editin.
27．What's the authr’s attitude twards the PAL-V Liberty?
A．favrableB．skepticalC．bjectiveD．indifference
28．What is the best title fr the article?
A．The Dutch InnvatinB．The Future f Transprtatin
C．The Hybrid Car and the GyrplaneD．The Wrld’s First Cmmercial Flying Car
（2024屆·吉林·統(tǒng)考一模）A revlutin has recently taken place in behaviural bilgy. Its cnsequences are far-reaching, bth fr ur self-image as humans and fr ur relatinship with animals. Just a few decades ag, behaviural science was guided by tw key beliefs: animals cannt think, and n scientific statements can be made abut their emtins. Tday, the same discipline hlds bth ideas t be false and assumes the very ppsite: animals f sme species are capable f insight – they can recgnize themselves in a mirrr and exhibit at least a basic sense f self-awareness – and they have rich emtinal lives that seem t be amazingly similar t thse f humans.
Indeed, the transfrmatin f the cncept f the animal in mdern behaviural bilgy has been fundamental. This has been cnfirmed by the death f a third belief: fr decades, it was taught that animals behave fr the gd f their species. Tday we knw this is nt the case. Rather, animals d everything t ensure that cpies f their wn genes are passed t the next generatin with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will als kill cnspecifics. Clearly, they are nt, as Jane Gdall had nce famusly hped, ‘like us, but better’.
The brder between humans and animals is als beginning t blur in ther areas. Certain aspects f the scial envirnment can cause stress fr bth humans and animals, while ther similar factrs can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviur des nt develp in a fixed manner: envirnmental influences, scialisatin, and learning can change an animal frm the prenatal phase (胎兒期) thrugh adulthd. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised upn clser inspectin.
Hwever, such similarities acrss genes, brain structure, and the endcrine (內(nèi)分泌的) system d nt autmatically imply similarities cncerning thughts, feelings, and behaviur. T better understand these characteristics, we need t lk at specific studies in bth animals and humans. In the case f animals, such studies take place within the field f behaviural bilgy, which was prperly defined by ne f the fathers f the discipline, the Nbel Prize winner Niklaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study f behaviur by bilgical methds’.
29．Accrding t the new research, sme animals___________.
A．pssess rich emtins.B．can hardly recgnize themselves.
C．can shw little self-awareness.D．a(chǎn)re incapable f understanding.
30．It can be inferred that animals’ behaviural actins are mainly driven by __________.
A．their desire t prtect their species.
B．their ability t recgnize themselves in mirrrs.
C．their urge t guarantee the gene transmissin.
D．their eagerness t be scially interacted.
31．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．There’s a clear distinctin between humans and animals.
B．Scial envirnment may have an impact n animal behavir.
C．Animals will eventually becme standardized.
D．Learning alne can shape animal behaviur altgether.
32．Which f the fllwing titles best summarizes the article?
A．Evlutin f Views in Behaviral Bilgy: Typical Human, Typical Animal?
B．The Emtinal Lives f Animals: A Study f Similarities and Differences with Humans
C．Understanding the Blurred Bundaries: The Human – Animal Cnnectin in Mdern Science
D．Past and Present: Hw Behaviral Bilgy Views Animals
（2024屆·吉林·統(tǒng)考一模）Behind the Mask
Wearing the face f Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means mre than simply putting n a tapel, r mask.
“When yu dance with a tapel and perfrm its character, yu underg a transfrmatin,”says I Made Bandem, a schlar and teacher f Balinese arts – and a dancer fr seven decades. “Yu must’marry’that mask and make ritual (儀式) fferings t create unity between yurself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them, s that they can learn its true character.”
Hand – carved tapel are essential t Tpeng Pajegan and Tpeng Panca, dance dramas ften held at temple festivals and family rituals acrss this Indnesian island. The masks, alng with delicate cstumes, music that makes yu sleep, and staccat mvements – smetimes nly f the fingers – have attracted Balinese audiences since the 17th century. The stries staged in Pajegan and Panca tell the histry f the Balinese peple, and the characters never change: Their appearance, mvements, rles, and even the rder in which they emerge remain the same. Yet in spite f this structure, tpeng leave rm fr a great deal f artistic freedm. With n written text and n required musical arrangement, the entire perfrmance which can last arund fur hurs will be an imprvisatin – dancers and musicians drawing signals frm ne anther.
It’s believed that every mask used fr perfrmance has a spirit. And if the crrect fferings and tabs have been bserved and the dancers have devted themselves t mental, physical, and spiritual training, then during a dance drama their bdies will becme a medium fr the tapel’s spirit.
“A dancer strives t achieve taksu, which is a cmbinatin f presence, pwer, and passin, ”says Bandem.“This is what we pray fr befre we perfrm; it is thrugh taksu that we bring the ancestrs and their stries t life.”
33．What can we learn abut tapel frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Tapel refers t a character’s name.
B．Tapel is suppsed t be with the dancers all alng.
C．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when wrn by a dancer.
34．All the fllwing can attract the audience at the dance dramas mentined except________.
A．Well-designed cstumes.B．Balinese stries.C．Uplifting music.D．Artistic freedm.
35．Which ne can better explain the meaning f “imprvisatin” in the third paragraph?
A．A perfrmance created casually.B．A perfrmance with full preparatin.
C．A perfrmance given perfectly terribly.D．A perfrmance withut deliberate preparatin.
36．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．Taksu is a Balinese dancer’s pursuit.B．The stry behind the mask.
C．Tapel’s spirit is impssible t verlk.D．Taksu is a medium t cnnect the past and the present.
（2024屆·海南·校聯(lián)考一模）Auke-Flrian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist wh studies hw wild animals use materials made by humans. “Almst anything can becme part f a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when smene at a hspital in Antwerp, Belgium sent him a picture f a magpie (喜鵲) nest. The tp f the nest had thin metal spikes (刺) pinting ut all ver. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”, which are usually placed n buildings t prevent birds frm landing. But this time, the birds used the spikes t make a nest.
In time, the researchers learned abut several ther nests in Eurpe that als used anti-bird spikes. Sme were magpie nests; thers were made by crws (烏鴉). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr. Hiemstra. Magpies and crws are knwn fr being clever. The tw kinds f birds are related, and are famus fr being able t slve challenging prblems.
But the birds didn’t use the spikes in exactly the same ways. The crws used the spikes n the inside f their nests t help make the nests mre stable. Magpies have t wrry abut ther birds, including crws, stealing their eggs. Nrmally, they use thrny (多刺的) branches t build a spiky runded cver ver their nests. But in this case, they appeared t use the spikes like humans d—putting them n tp f their nests t keep ther birds frm landing. Mr. Hiemstra says the magpie nest fund in Antwerp had abut 1, 500 spikes in it.
It’s cmmn fr birds t use all kinds f man-made materials in their nests, which can bth help and hurt the birds. Fr example, chemicals frm cigarette butts can keep insect pests away, but they can als pisn the birds. Bits f string may help birds build nests, but baby birds can get trapped in them. It’s nt clear if spikes in nests cause any prblems fr the birds. But it’s prbably mre cmmn than we knw.
37．What was Auke-Flrian Hiemstra surprised at?
A．Wild animals can use man-made materials.
B．Anything can becme a part f a bird nest.
C．Magpies will make nests n tp f a hspital.
D．Birds use anti-bird spikes t build their nests.
38．What are crws and magpies famus fr?
A．Having a clse relatinship.
B．Being smart enugh t vercme truble.
C．Making the craziest bird nests by themselves.
D．Ging thrugh anti-bird spikes int buildings.
39．Why d crws use anti-bird spikes?
A．T build a cver ver their nests.B．T keep ther birds frm landing.
C．T further strengthen their nests.D．T prtect their eggs frm magpies.
40．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The cmmnness f birds using man-made materials.
B．The risk that birds using man-made materials.
C．The diversity f materials birds might chse fr their nests.
D．The advantages and disadvantages f birds using man-made materials.
（2024屆·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）Fr all f human histry, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists behind lab-grwn meat say that’s n lnger necessary. They prduce meat by grwing cells btained frm an animal’s bdy.
Lab-grwn meat, als called “cell-cultivated” r “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix f nutrients t animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is t create an alternative t agriculturally raised meat. And unlike ther meat substitutes which are made frm plant prteins and ther ingredients, lab-grwn meat is real meat. When ready, the meat is frmed int shapes such as sausages r nuggets (塊), and lks, smells and tastes like any ther grcery stre versin,
Recently, the U. S. Department f Agriculture (USDA) has given tw cmpanies apprval
t sell lab-grwn chicken. The apprval launches a new era f meat prductin aimed at eliminating harm t animals, and reducing the envirnmental impacts f grazing (放牧) and grwing feed fr animals. Scientists warn that the typical way meat is prduced nw, in cncentrated animal feeding peratins, is a risk factr fr the emergence f diseases. Lab-grwn meat is mre sustainable and can be prduced withut antibitics, and withut prducing greenhuse gas emissins linked t animal agriculture.
“Everything we knw abut hw meat can be made is ging t change. But dn’t expect t see cultivated meat in grcery stres just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO f UPSIDE Fds. Lab-grwn chicken is much mre expensive, because it cannt yet be prduced n the scale f traditinal meat.
“T make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and funder f the Gd Fd Institute, a nnprfit grup that prmtes alternative prteins. Hwever, the disadvantage f high energy needs will be ffset by the reductin in land and water use and ther benefits. If cultured meat is prduced n a large scale, it culd als ffer a slutin t feeding the wrld’s grwing ppulatin.
41．What d we knw abut lab-grwn meat?
A．It is abundant in plant prteins.
B．It can be bught in grcery stres.
C．It is generated frm animals’ cells.
D．It tastes mre delicius than traditinal meat.
42．What is the ptential benefit f lab-grwn meat?
A．Higher safety fr eating.
B．Lwer csts fr restaurants.
C．Imprvements in traditinal agriculture.
D．Psitive impacts n climate change and animals.
43．What prblem des the authr mentin in paragraph 4?
A．It is hard t prduce lab-grwn meat in quantity.
B．The USDA desn’t apprve the sale f lab-grwn meat.
C．Many peple raise dubts abut the safety f lab-grwn meat.
D．Lab-grwn meat can disturb cmpetitin in the meat industry.
44．What des the underlined wrd “ffset” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Balanced.B．Satisfied.C．Increased.D．Exchanged.
（2024屆·廣東肇慶·統(tǒng)考一模）Healthy human skin is cvered with bacteria (細菌) that are quick t settle in an pen wund. T prevent these rganisms frm spreading thrugh the bdy, which can permanently injure r kill a persn, the infected wund may need t be cleaned and treated with antibitics. Medical prfessinals typically identify infectins by unwrapping and bserving a wund r by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and cnducting a labratry test. But remving a wund dressing can slw dwn the healing prcess. Plus, bservatins are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
T address these issues, sme research teams are develping devices that sit under bandages and cntinuusly mnitr indirect signs f infectin, such as changes in wund temperature r acidity. And scientists at the Natinal University f Singapre have nw created an even mre direct infectin sensr.
This sensr can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infectin indicatr because disease-causing bacteria prduce it in large amunts inside wunds, whereas bacteria n healthy skin d nt—s testing fr the substance reduces the chance f a false psitive result. Furthermre, DNase builds up befre ther infectin signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infectin detectin n wunds” (WINDOW) sensr, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely n a material called DNAgel. There searchers develped a particular kind f DNAgel that remains stable in watery envirnments, such as the human bdy, but begins t break dwn in the presence f DNase. They cnnected this gel (凝膠) t a chip that senses when the gel respnds by sending a signal t a smartphne.
Thus far, the team has expsed the DNAgel t wund swabs frm 18 peple’s wunds t see hw much the material degraded in the presence f the bacteria. There searchers als used the device n six living lab mice whse wunds were expsed t the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infectins.
45．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The harm f cmmn wunds.
B．The treatment f infected wunds.
C．The interventin n wund healing.
D．The dilemma f infectin bservatin.
46．Hw des the WINDOW sensr detect infectins?
A．By cmparing wund acidity.
B．By detecting the DNase enzyme.
C．By measuring the bacteria amunt.
D．By bserving changes in wund clr.
47．What can we expect f the WINDOW sensr in the future?
A．It will cut dwn the length f infectin-treating.
B．It culd reduce the cst f infectin bservatin.
C．It can mnitr wunds cntinuusly and remtely.
D．It might help cnduct labratry tests n wunds.
48．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Innvatins in Wund Infectin Detectin
B．Remving the Dangers f Open Wunds
C．Recgnizing the Rle f DNase in Healing
D．Challenges in Wund Care and Treatment
（2024屆·山西呂梁·校聯(lián)考一模）It wasn’t until 1985 that an explratin led by Rbert Ballard and Jean-Luis Michel discvered the Titanic’s final resting place. Shrtly after, Ballard urged the U. S. Cngress t declare the ruins t be a memrial. In July 1986, Ballard placed a plaque (牌匾) n the ship, asking that the site be left undisturbed in memry f the mre than 1, 500 peple wh died there.
But that didn’t happen. Mre than a century after the ship’s sinking, interest in the Titanic is insatiable. Althugh mst satisfy their curisity by visiting the museums, exhibitins, and permanent cllectins arund the wrld dedicated t the ruins, thse able t pay fr a ticket desire t see it fr themselves.
The first fficial salvage (打撈) effrt was undertaken by the Titanic Ventures Limited Partnership (TVLP) and L’Institut Francais de Recherche pur 1’Explitatin de la Mer in 1987, when arund 1, 800 items f treasure were cllected and cnserved. In 1992, a federal curt ruled TVLP was the first and exclusive salvager f the Titanic— thugh in fllwing decades, the cmpany pushed fr mre. The cmpany has cnducted eight explratins t the Titanic while giving rise t a small but pricey turism market. Researchers, salvagers, and even filmmakers like James Camern, wh directed the 1997 blckbuster film Titanic, have made cuntless trips t the wreck. And fr a pretty penny, turists have been able t g t.
The Titanic was damaged significantly upn impact with the seabed, and slwly, irn-eating bacteria is cnsuming what remains. Less than a decade after it was fund, rapid wrsening was being nticed. In 2019, a dive cnfirmed huge prtins f the ship were cllapsing.
Tday the surrunding site is littered with trash, including beer and sda bttles, chains, and carg nets frm salvage effrts. Visitrs have als littered the area with plaques and memrials. In 2001, a cuple was even married in a submersible resting n the Titanic’s bw.
49．What was Ballard’s purpse f planting a plaque n the Titanic?
A．T prtect the sunk wreck.B．T build a marine memrial.
C．T hnr his dead teammates.D．T prepare fr next discvery.
50．What des the underlined wrd “insatiable” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Easily satisfied.B．On the decline.C．Grwing steadily.D．Under criticism.
51．What is the feature f the jurney t the Titanic?
A．It is mstly fr treasure.B．It is mney-cnsuming.
C．It is filmmaker-targeted.D．It is accessible t mst peple.
52．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Salvage effrts are in vain.B．The ship is laded with trash.
C．Visitrs d damage t the ship.D．Underwater wedding enjys ppularity.

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