2025年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第07講動(dòng)名詞與分詞課件+練習(xí)+講義-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

分析近年中考真題可知，中考在命題考查加重對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)運(yùn)用與長(zhǎng)難句的考查，對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式，結(jié)合語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合設(shè)題，
側(cè)重動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。
動(dòng)名詞：主要起到名詞的作用，可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式和所有格。
作賓語(yǔ)— I like swimming.
作主語(yǔ)— walking is gd exercise.
作表語(yǔ)— seeing is believing.
作定語(yǔ) — a waking stick
現(xiàn)在分詞：主要描述動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)或事物的性質(zhì)與狀態(tài)。
作狀語(yǔ) — By practicing everyday yu will imprve yur English quckly.
作定語(yǔ)— The crying by is Jim.
作表語(yǔ)— The bk is interesting.
作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)— He came hme singing and dancing.
特點(diǎn)— 沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，具有動(dòng)詞的基本特征，在句中不可作謂語(yǔ)。
作定語(yǔ)— Lk at the fallen leaves.
作表語(yǔ) — The structure stays clsed t prtect plants.
作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) — A liar can’t make himself believed.
作狀語(yǔ) — Frightened by the dg, the little girl dared nt g ut alne.
由“動(dòng)詞原形（d）＋-ing”構(gòu)成，其形式與現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成相同，否定形式為“nt＋動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing”。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
可帶賓語(yǔ)：在動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)名詞可像動(dòng)詞一樣支配賓語(yǔ)。I enjy reading bks. 我喜歡讀書?？杀桓痹~修飾：動(dòng)名詞也能被副詞修飾，來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的方式、程度等。He is gd at quickly slving prblems.他擅長(zhǎng)快速地解決問(wèn)題。
可作主語(yǔ)：Running is gd fr yur health.跑步對(duì)你的健康有好處。可作賓語(yǔ)：I like dancing. 我喜歡跳舞。可被形容詞修飾：Quiet reading is a gd habit.安靜地閱讀是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
動(dòng)名詞放在句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Reading is an art. 閱讀是一項(xiàng)技能。
多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語(yǔ)。His hbby is swimming. 他的愛好是游泳。
作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表其所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，放在被修飾詞之前。Our cuntry is a develping cuntry. 我們國(guó)家是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
①I finished reading the bk last night. 我昨晚讀完了這本書。（作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）②A yung man made a living by selling fried dugh sticks. 一個(gè)年輕人靠在市場(chǎng)上賣油條謀生。（作介詞賓語(yǔ)）
動(dòng)詞后只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn ; 考慮建議盼原諒；admit, delay/put ff, fancy; 承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想；avid, miss, keep/keep n, practise; 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練；deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; 否認(rèn)完成就欣賞；frbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)；can’t help, mind, allw/permit, escape; 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡；
這些動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義和動(dòng)作特點(diǎn)與動(dòng)名詞的 “動(dòng)作性” 和 “名詞性” 相結(jié)合的特點(diǎn)相契合，動(dòng)名詞在這些語(yǔ)境中能夠更好地體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)、抽象概念或者一種習(xí)慣。
中考常見后接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞例句
I am used t getting up early. His carelessness led t making a big mistake.She devtes herself t helping the pr.He sticks t practicing the pian every day.They bjected t changing the plan.It's time t get dwn t preparing fr the exam.Please pay attentin t writing yur name clearly.I can't stand listening t lud music.He gave up smking last year.I feel like having a cup f cffee.She insists n ging t the party alne.We put ff having the sprts meeting because f the rain.I have truble understanding this math prblem.She spent tw hurs in cleaning the rm.There is n sense in arguing with him.We had a wnderful time in skiing.The students are busy in preparing fr the final exams.
be used t, lead t, devte t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist n, put ff, have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.； spend...(in) ding sth.； There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.; have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)名詞除了可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)外，還可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，下列動(dòng)詞詞組后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
主要描述動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，具有形容詞的特性。在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。
The result f the game is very surprising.游戲的結(jié)果讓人很驚訝。The news that ur team had wn was very inspiring. 我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息非常鼓舞人心。The stry is very interesting and encuraging.這個(gè)故事非常有趣且鼓舞人心。Yur idea sunds very interesting. 你的想法聽起來(lái)很有趣。
1. 單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾詞之前。I have gt a running nse. 我流鼻涕。It was shcking news t her. 這對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)令人震驚的消息。There are tw teaching buildings in ur schl.我們學(xué)校有兩座教學(xué)樓。 2. 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞之后。 D yu knw the girl standing under the tree? 你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹下面的那個(gè)女孩嗎? There are lts f students wishing t jin us. 有許多學(xué)生想加入我們。
Arriving hme, he shwed me a large bright clean rm.到家后，他把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)了一個(gè)寬敞、明亮、潔凈的房間。He fell ff the bike, breaking his left leg.他從自行車上掉下來(lái)，摔斷了左腿。A grup f children were sitting arund the teacher, playing games.一群孩子圍著老師，在做游戲。D be careful when crssing the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要小心。
My mther kept me wrking all the week. 媽媽讓我整個(gè)星期都在工作。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）I heard him singing in the classrm. 我當(dāng)時(shí)聽到他正在教室里唱歌。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）Jenny culd hear them arguing utside. 珍妮能聽到他們?cè)谕饷鏍?zhēng)論。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）An undeserved success is like a medal that is fund lying in the street.（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）If yu see sldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Natins peace keepers.（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）如果你看到戴著天藍(lán)色頭盔的士兵，他們就是聯(lián)合國(guó)維和人員。
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征或強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。）2. with＋賓語(yǔ)＋ding表示主動(dòng)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；with＋賓語(yǔ)＋dne表示被動(dòng)或完成；with＋賓語(yǔ)＋t d表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
考點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
也是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，主要用于完成時(shí)態(tài)（如現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)）、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，還可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等成分。
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；單個(gè)分詞修飾名詞作前置定語(yǔ)；分詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞作后置定語(yǔ)。The by lked up with a pleased expressin. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。I sptted the girl dressed in white.我認(rèn)出了那個(gè)穿白色衣服的女孩。The huses built last year are fr the teachers.=The huses that/which were built last year are fr the teacher.這些去年建好的房子是為老師準(zhǔn)備的。
作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞容易混淆。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)名主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況，主語(yǔ)大多是物。表示“令人的”。The windw is brken. 這扇窗戶碎了。系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)the windw所處的狀態(tài)brkenThe windw was brken by Tim. 這扇窗戶是Tim打碎的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作The bk is interesting and I’m interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。
1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示“感到……”，常修飾人的狀態(tài)或感受。表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。但修飾人的表情也常用過(guò)去分詞。常見動(dòng)詞如：amazed（感到驚訝的）； bred（感到無(wú)聊的）；cnfused（困惑的）；delighted（開心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定決心的）； disappinted（失望的）；excited（興奮的）；embarrassed（尷尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力盡的）；frightened（令人驚駭?shù)模?；frustrated（消沉的）；interested（感興趣的）；satisfied （滿意度）；surprised（吃驚的）；mved（感動(dòng)的）The pupils will get cnfused if they learn t much at a time. 如果學(xué)生一次學(xué)太多，他們會(huì)感到困惑。2.be+不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，一般是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：gne消失了，不在了； fallen落下的； knwn著名的； mistaken無(wú)解的，弄錯(cuò)的等。
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),用作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，還可以與while, when, nce, if, unless等連詞連用。Warned f the danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.（=Thugh he was warned...）雖然被警告危險(xiǎn)，他仍舊到薄冰上滑冰。The prfessr came int the classrm, fllwed by sme students.教授走進(jìn)教室，幾個(gè)學(xué)生跟在后面。Given mre time, I can finish the wrk.（=If I am given...）Seen frm the hill, the city lks mre beautiful.從山頂看，這座城市顯得格外美麗。
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)保持一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略be動(dòng)詞，如果，從句中是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，即構(gòu)成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。
When cmpleted, the rad will be pen t public. 當(dāng)這條鐵路修好后，將會(huì)對(duì)公眾開放。=When it is cmpleted, he was warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice. =Thugh warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.
v.＋-ed/-ing變成形容詞
v.＋-ed/-ing變成形容詞v.＋-ed/-ing（-ed形容詞多表示人的感受，-ing形容詞多用于修飾物） amaze→amazed 吃驚的→amazing 令人大為驚奇的bre→bred（對(duì)某人/事物）厭煩的→bring 令人厭倦（或厭煩）的excite→excited 興奮的→exciting 令人激動(dòng)的interest →interested 感興趣的→interesting 有趣的please→pleased 高興，滿意→pleasing 令人高興的relax→relaxed 放松的→relaxing 令人放松的satisfy→satisfied 滿意的→satisfying 令人滿意（或滿足）的surprise→surprised 驚訝的→surprising 令人吃驚的tire→tired 疲倦的→tiring 令人困倦的
一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固1．Nw a great number f peple frm all ver the wrld enjy ________ Chinese tea.A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．t drink2．—Hw much difficulty did yu have ________ ut the maths prblem? —Nne. It’s quite easy.A．wrkedB．t wrkC．wrkingD．t wrking3．Tday, we must cntinue ________ t keep ur skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.A．wrk B．wrking C．t wrk D．wrked4．—Yu dn’t knw what great difficulty I had ________ t get the tw tickets. —But the music is really wrth ________ twice.A. managing; being listened t B．managing; listening tC．t manage; being listened tD．t manage; listening t5．________ is the best way t imprve my ________ skills.A．Read, speakingB．Read, speakingC．Read, spkenD．Reading, spken
6．He hurried hme, _________behind as he went.A．lkingB．lkedC．being lkD．was lking7．He jumped int the water when he heard a by ________ fr help.A．call B．is calling C．calling D．t call8．Michael Jacksn ________ as “King f Pp” was annunced dead n June 25th, ________ the wrld.A．regarded, surprisedB．wh regarded, surprisingC．regarded, surprisingD．was regarded, surprising9．The new rbt _________ last mnth can d many jbs instead f humans.A．inventsB．inventedC．is inventedD．was invented10．—Dad, my cmputer desn’t wrk.??? —I will get it ________ tmrrw.A．repair B．t repair C．repaired D．repairing11．The pht ________ ten years ag reminds me f thse sweet memries.A．was takenB．taken C．has taken D．t
完成句子1．非常感謝你在我低谷時(shí)繼續(xù)支持我，而不像其他人一樣背后說(shuō)我的壞話。 Thanks a lt abut me behind my back like thers when I was dwn.2．It tk him ten days t finish the wrk. He ten days the wrk.3．She lves dancing and swimming. (轉(zhuǎn)變成含有hbby的句子) 4．We used the new wrds t make up an interesting stry tday. New wrds used fr up an interesting stry tday.5．We shuld prtect the envirnment. We shuld nt cut dwn the trees. (兩句合一句) We shuld prtect the envirnment by nt cutting dwn the trees.6．一定有東西在拜訪我們附近的住戶。 There things the hmes in ur neighbrhd.
in finishing
Her hbbies are dancing and swimming.
fr keeping supprting me instead f saying bad wrds
7．一個(gè)路過(guò)的人問(wèn)我郵局怎么走。Smebdy asked me the pst ffice.8．他正忙于修理褲子，但他仍然回答了我的問(wèn)題。He a pair f pants, but he still answered my questins.9．你想詢問(wèn)照片里那個(gè)彈吉他的男孩是誰(shuí)。????Wh’s ?10．和我父親的書法相比，我的很差。 my father’s hand writing, mine is pr.11．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用二胡演奏的音樂(lè)都很悲傷。Generally speaking, the music that the erhu sunds very sad.12．事實(shí)上，根據(jù)太陽(yáng)在天空中的位置，一年被分為24個(gè)部分。 , the year 24 parts, where based n the sun is in the sky.
passing by
was busy fixing
played with
the way t
the by playing the guitar in the pht
Cmpared with
is divided int
?三、閱讀短文，判斷劃線單詞屬于動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，然后進(jìn)行歸類。 The park is a ppular place fr peple t relax. There is a small lake in the middle f the park. Peple enjy bating n the lake. The ducks swimming in the water seem very happy. The trees planted arund the lake prvide shade. The leaves rustling in the breeze create a sthing sund. Children playing n the grass are full f laughter. A man sitting n the bench is reading a bk. The flwers blming in the flwer beds add clr t the park. The path leading t the ther side f the park is made f cbblestnes.
bating(動(dòng)名詞）:“enjy”是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后面跟著動(dòng)名詞。這里的“劃船”是“享受”的對(duì)象，因?yàn)樗鳛槊~起作用，代表劃船的活動(dòng)。swimming(現(xiàn)在分詞):用來(lái)描述鴨子的動(dòng)作。這表明鴨子正在游泳。Planted(過(guò)去分詞):表示這些樹是過(guò)去有人種植的，修飾了名詞“樹”，顯示出被動(dòng)含義。rustling(現(xiàn)在分詞): 描述了樹葉的動(dòng)作，.表明樹葉在微風(fēng)中移動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出沙沙聲。playing(現(xiàn)在分詞)，表示孩子們正在草地上玩耍。blming (現(xiàn)在分詞): 描述了花朵的動(dòng)作，.表明花朵綻開的狀態(tài)。

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