2025年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第01講名詞課件+練習(xí)+講義-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

雙重所有格的構(gòu)成和用法
student desk windw friend
class family army peple
water paper meat metal
life lve sadness health
①表示人名、頭銜或者尊稱的專有名詞：Mark Twain馬克·吐溫 Prfessr Li 李教授②表示團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)或會(huì)議的專有名詞：The United Natins 聯(lián)合國(guó) Grup f Twenty 二十國(guó)集團(tuán)③表示月份、星期、節(jié)日的專有名詞：Saturday星期六 Spring Festival春節(jié)④表示國(guó)名、地名、山河名的專有名詞：China中國(guó) Chinatwn 唐人街⑤由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞：the Summer Palace 頤和園 The?Great?Wall 長(zhǎng)城
考點(diǎn)2：名詞的詞義辨析
命題分析：在中考中，對(duì)于名詞的考查，更多集中在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下上。綜合分析近幾年的中考真題，總結(jié)中考?？济~180個(gè)以及易混易錯(cuò)名詞辨析，供大家復(fù)習(xí)使用。
Bb has a big family. 鮑勃有一個(gè)大家庭。I'll call yu as sn as I get hme. 我一到家就給你打電話。Lk at that beautiful huse! 看那座漂亮的房子。?My address is 123 Main Street. 我的住址是123 Main Street。
Dn't make a nise. 不要制造噪音。It's gd t hear yur vice. 聽到你的聲音真好。The sund f the bell means class is ver. 鈴聲意味著下課。
We've had an urgent message saying that yur father's ill.我們得到個(gè)緊急消息說你父親病了。The news really made my day.這消息確實(shí)使我一天都很愉快。The bk cntains much useful infrmatin.這本書包含許多有用的資料。
He is a teacher, s his jb is t teach.他是一名教師，所以他的工作是教書。He has gt a lt mre wrk n the bk.這本書他還有很多工作要做。
Tm gave me sme very sensible advice.湯姆給了我一些非常合理的建議。The suggestin didn't g dwn very well with her bss.她的老板對(duì)這個(gè)建議不太感興趣。
Drunk driving is the cause f the accident.酒駕是這起事故的原因。The reasn fr my absence was that I was ill.我沒來的原因是我生病了。That is an excuse fr yur absence.那是你沒來的一個(gè)借口。
?She’s in a hpeless situatin. 她處在一種無(wú)助的境地。?Firefighters came n the scene sn where a fire had brken ut.? 消防員很快到達(dá)了火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)?。?The car is in very gd cnditin.? 這輛汽車情況良好?。?The huse is in a gd psitin.? 這所房子在一個(gè)好位置?。
Students shuld take ntes during the lectures.學(xué)生們上課應(yīng)該做筆記。Her appearance attracted my ntice.她的外表引起了我的注意。The sign n the dr says “N Smking”.門上的標(biāo)志寫著“禁止吸煙。
Yu have a dirty mark n yur face. 你臉上有一個(gè)污漬。A red light is a signal f danger, which is even knwn t a five-year-ld child. 紅燈是危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)，這一點(diǎn)甚至連五歲的孩子都知道。The dve is a symbl f peace. 鴿子是和平的象征。
Cnversatin?with?friends?sn?passes?an?evening?away.?和朋友們談話一個(gè)晚上很快就度過了。He was t distressed t talk.他傷心得說不出話來。
He is a man f great strength. 他是個(gè)大力士。The party came t pwer at the last electin. 這個(gè)政黨在上次大選中當(dāng)選執(zhí)政。Plants absrb energy frm the sun. 植物從太陽(yáng)吸收能量?。The frce f the wind blew dwn many trees. 風(fēng)的威力把許多樹吹倒了?。
命題分析：在中考中，對(duì)于的考查，主要集中在可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則以及不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化、不可數(shù)名詞與數(shù)量詞的搭配以及復(fù)數(shù)形式表特殊含義的名詞。
1. 以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s。American → Americans 美國(guó)人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亞人Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德國(guó)人Greek → Greeks 希臘人 Indian → Indians 印度人 Russian → Russians俄羅斯人2. 有些名詞表面為復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)為單數(shù)。maths數(shù)學(xué)，news新聞，physics物理，plitics政治，the United Natins 聯(lián)合國(guó)，the United States 美國(guó)
名詞作定語(yǔ)，一般用單數(shù)，如：tw girl students; 需用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)的有：gds trains貨車；sprts meet運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)；custms fficer海關(guān)人員名詞前有man/wman修飾，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，man/wman和名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。man/wman構(gòu)成的合成詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式將a變?yōu)閑。但German復(fù)數(shù)形式是 Germans 。fish表示魚的種類時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式為 fishes ，而fish表示魚的條數(shù)時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式仍為 fish 。different fishes不同種類的魚 five fish五條魚5. wrks意為＂工廠＂時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，而wrk意為＂著作，作品＂時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 wrks 。a chemical wrks 一座化工廠 three chemical wrks 三座化工廠a wrk by M Yan 一部莫言的作品three wrks by M Yan 三部莫言的作品
常見不可數(shù)名詞記憶口訣
gld wd water fire earth
rice flur meat mney clth
(1) 金木水火土米面肉錢布都是不可數(shù)。
(2) 金銀鋼鐵和天氣 ( gld, silver, steel, irn, weather ) 煤油棉花和玻璃 ( cal, il, cttn, glass ) 面包果汁和氧氣 ( bread, juice, xygen ) 咖啡牛奶和茶葉 ( cffee, milk, tea ) 紙幣煙酒和頭發(fā) ( paper, mney, smke, wine, hair ) (3) 抽象名詞不可數(shù) ( happiness, time, lve , traffic, pllutin等 )
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number f, hundreds f, dzens / scres f / different / ther
a (little), a great f, a large amunt f, much
a lt f, lts f, enugh, masses f, plenty f, a quantity f, quantities f, a supply f, sme
scks, trusers, stckings, glasses, jeans, shrts, pants, pincers, scissrs等可用a pair f, tw pairs f glves.
's型所有格的構(gòu)成和用法
f 型所有格的構(gòu)成和用法
’s型所有格的構(gòu)成和用法
1. 表示人或有生命的名詞常在詞尾加’s。如：my aunt's rm 我姑姑的房間2. 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“’”。如: students’ reading rm 學(xué)生閱覽室；3. 表示兩者各自所有關(guān)系時(shí)，分別在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾加’s；表示兩者共有，在最后名詞詞尾加’s。如： Tm’s and Jim’s fathers 湯姆的父親和吉姆的父親Tm and Jim’s father 湯姆和吉姆的父親4. 表示店鋪、辦公室或某人家時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。如：at the barber's在理發(fā)店；at my uncle's在我叔家； the dctr’s (ffice)診所；5. 表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、地方等無(wú)生命的事物的名詞也可以借助-’s表示所有關(guān)系。a week’s hliday 一周的假；thirty minutes’ ride三十分鐘的車程
表示人或其他有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’s或’，表示所有關(guān)系。
Jhn's clthes are made by hand in Italy.約翰的衣服是在意大利手工做的。He is my father and mther's friend.他是我父母的朋友。The bss gave me tw days’ hliday.老板給了我兩天的假期。I ften buy meat at the butcher's ( shp).我經(jīng)常在肉店買肉。Our rm is bigger than Mike’s ( rm).我們的房間比邁克的(房間)大。
f 型所有格的構(gòu)成和用法
表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞通常用f 所有格表示所有關(guān)系；名詞短語(yǔ)或有定語(yǔ)修飾的有生命的名詞也常用f所有格。
鑰匙 (key)答案 (answer)橋 (bridge)路 (way)出口 (exit)入口 (entrance)
The key t the dr 門的鑰匙the answer t the questin 問題的答案the bridge t the knwledge 通往知識(shí)的橋the way t schl 去學(xué)校的路the entrance t the shp 商店的入口the exit t the shp 商店的出口
命題分析：在中考中，對(duì)于的考察主要集中在形容詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。構(gòu)詞法主要有派生法（詞綴法）?轉(zhuǎn)化法和合成法三種? 這類詞在英語(yǔ)中數(shù)量極大，也是中考常考考點(diǎn)。
派生法（詞綴法）：形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法?轉(zhuǎn)換后單詞的詞義與原義有密切的聯(lián)系,但不盡相同?
(1)?動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞study 學(xué)習(xí)→study?書房drink 喝→drink?飲料taste 品嘗→taste?味道
(2)?形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞daily 每日的→daily?日?qǐng)?bào)weekly 每周的→weekly?周刊
由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)新詞的方法叫做合成法??合成詞有的用連字符號(hào)“?-”連接，有的直接連寫在一起??
(1)?名詞+名詞 bedrm 臥室? bkshp?書店 ?(2)?動(dòng)詞+名詞 breakwater 防水堤? pickpcket?扒手(3)?形容詞+名詞 best-seller 暢銷書/?品? blackbard?黑板 (4)?動(dòng)名詞+名詞 swimming-pl 游泳池 reading-rm 閱覽室(5)?名詞+動(dòng)名詞 sun-bathing 日光浴? handwriting書法(6)名詞+副詞 breakdwn 損壞,破裂? lkut?留心,監(jiān)視(7)副詞+名詞 vercat 大衣? vertime?超時(shí)nlker?旁觀者
考點(diǎn)6：名詞的句法功能
Tips: 有些及物動(dòng)詞后面可以跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)叫直接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)叫間接賓語(yǔ)。一般來說，表示人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，表示物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。雙賓語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常為主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。give sb. sth. = give sth. t sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. t sb.lend sb. sth. = lend sth. t sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. t sb.send sb. sth. = send sth. t sb. shw sb. sth. = shw sth. t sb.leave sb. sth. = leave sth. t sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. t sb.buy sb. sth. = buy sth. fr sb. ck sb. sth. = ck sth. fr sb.read sb. sth. = read sth. fr sb. sing sb. sth. = sing sth. fr sb.chse sb. sth. = chse sth. fr sb.
1. 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用其單數(shù)形式。a paper bag 紙袋，a she shp 鞋店，a ftball fan 球迷 2. 有些常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a clthes shp 服裝店，a glasses stre 眼鏡店，a gds train 貨運(yùn)列車3. 數(shù)詞加名詞構(gòu)成的形容詞（中間有連字符）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞常使用單數(shù)形式。a five-year-ld by 一個(gè)三歲的男孩，a 500-metre-lng rpe 一條五百米的繩子4. 所有格作定語(yǔ)和名詞直接作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示的是所屬關(guān)系，即歸誰(shuí)所有。Tm’s bks 湯姆的書（湯姆和書之間是所屬關(guān)系，即書是湯姆的）。而名詞直接作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞之間沒有所屬關(guān)系，如：she shp 鞋店（鞋與商店之間沒有所屬關(guān)系） wman driver（女司機(jī)） VS the wmen’s driver（這些女士的司機(jī)）girl friend（女朋友） VS the girl’s friend（這個(gè)女孩的朋友）
一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固1．The three ________ students’ mthers are all ________ teachers in ur schl.A．by; wmanB．by; wmenC．bys; wmenD．bys; wman2．— Whse fishing rds are these?— They are my ________. They like t g fishing.A．parent’sB．parents’C．parents D．parent3．Dear students, ________ useful exercise is very gd fr ur health. And ding sme useful English ________ is very gd fr ur study as well.A．/; exercise B．a(chǎn); exercises C．sme; exercises4．The Lawrenceville Schl, ne f the tp high schls in the US, is five miles ________ Princetn University. It was nce a (n) ________ schl.A．a(chǎn)way frm; all-by B．far away frm; by’s C．far away frm; all-bys D．a(chǎn)way frm; bys’
5．The Chinese vlleyball team _______ at the Wrld Champinship in 1981.A．is B．was C．a(chǎn)re D．were8．Where ________ the plice?A．is B．a(chǎn)m C．a(chǎn)re6．Wh finds the treasure chclate?A．Miss Underwd. B． Ott and J. C．Jsh and Charlie. D．The head teacher.7．—I hear sme ________ will g t yur schl. —Yes. Sme teachers frm ________ will get here this afternn.A．Germans; Germany B．Germen; Germany C．Germans; German8．Lk! The tw _________ dctrs are talking with the _________ students.A．man; by B．man; bys C．men; bys D． men; by9．Everyne thinks ______ necessary t remember the histry f China because it’s f great ______.A．that is; value. B．it; value C．it is; valuable D．that; valuable
二、能力提升完成句子，根據(jù)句意及所給漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。(橫線不限定一個(gè)單詞)What’s the mst(最) imprtant thing in the wrld? I think it is t be healthy. Yu can live ____________(with) mney, huses, cars r cmputers, but yu wn’t live a happy life if yu are nt healthy. Then hw can we __________ healthy?First we must have healthy eating __________ [‘h?b?ts]. We shuld eat meat, vegetables, fruit and ther __________ (kind) ________fd. Dn’t eat t __________ salt r sugar. We must drink _________[?’n?f] water every day. What’s__________(many), we’d ________(gd) eat regularly. Dn’t eat t much r t little. Secnd, taking __________ [‘eks?sa?z] is als very imprtant. It can help us build a strng bdy. If yu dn’t like sprts yu can walk fr half an hur after meals. Third, we shuld have a gd sleep. We’d better g t bed early and get up early. It will keep us active fr a whle day. Finally, we must stay happy all the time. _____ a wrd, keeping healthy is very imprtant. Let’s take gd care ________ urselves.?
沒有錢、房子、汽車和電腦你能生活。根據(jù)but yu wn’t live a happy life if yu are nt healthy.可知是withut沒有；故填withut。
keep healthy 保持健康
首先我們有健康的飲食習(xí)慣。habits習(xí)慣，復(fù)數(shù)表示一類。
我們應(yīng)該吃肉、蔬菜、水果和其他種類的食物。ther kinds f其他種類的，salt是不可數(shù)名詞，前要用much修飾
做運(yùn)動(dòng)也非常重要。根據(jù)句意和音標(biāo)，可知是exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)，不可數(shù)名詞
固定搭配： in a wrd 總之；take gd care f 好好照料
三、新題速遞1．The new restaurant was a ___________and sn clsed. (fail)2．The theatre is in great need f drama __________. (cach)3．Millie is gd at __________(dance). She has __________(dance) classes every week.4．Watching ftball _________(game) is my hbby.5．Dn’t eat t much meat. Althugh it can give us _________(活力).6．D yu like playing _______(國(guó)際象棋) with yur friends after schl?7．Yur _________(觀點(diǎn)) is very creative.8．The _________(問題；困難) we are facing nw are very serius.9．He can’t see the blackbard clearly, s he needs a pair f ________(glass).10．Our Chinese teacher is kind and has a gd __________(性格).11．My sister is a new student in Class One, _________(年級(jí)) Seven.12．I usually g shpping with my mum at ____________(周末).13．There will be tw ftball __________(比賽) next week in my schl.
It is the 31st year that Zhang Yufei has wrked and lived in Faxing Temple, Changzhi, Shanxi prvince.The 52-year-ld man _______the cultural relics in the temple very well. “These cultural relics are part f my life and I want _____________ the culture, art and stries behind them t a wider public,” Zhang says.After graduating frm junir middle schl, Zhang tk several part-time _______. The turning pint was in 1991 when Chngqing and Faxing Temples wanted sme guards. Zhang became ne f _______ . “There was n water and electricity in the temple and in winter it was _______ cld,” Zhang says.
t intrduce
這些文物是我生活的一部分，我想把它們背后的文化、藝術(shù)和故事介紹給更多的公眾。根據(jù)空后“the culture, art and stries behind them t a wider public”可知，此處應(yīng)選擇動(dòng)詞intrduce表示“介紹”，結(jié)合空前“want”可知，該結(jié)構(gòu)為“want t d sth.”即“想要做某事”。故填t intrduce。
這位52歲的男子非常了解寺廟中的文物。根據(jù)空后“the cultural relics in the temple very well”可知，此處應(yīng)選擇動(dòng)詞knw表示“了解”，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單。故填knws。
寺廟里沒有水和電，冬天真的很冷。根據(jù)“cld”形容詞可知，該空應(yīng)用副詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境以及備選詞匯可知，“real”即“真正的”符合語(yǔ)境，變?yōu)楦痹~形式“really”。故填really。
Later he became a guide at Faxing Temple. In 1998, he met Shi Yanchun at Faxing Temple. Shi is an expert and helped t rebuild _______ than 1, 000 cultural artifacts. “That was when I started learning prfessinal knwledge abut painted clay statues . We talked abut the art frm at night,” Zhang says. Since then, he ___________ reading bks n the tpic. He has als taken every chance t cmmunicate with experts.One day, he _____________ a camera as a gift by an expert. With it, Zhang started t recrd the painted clay statues in the temples in Shanxi. In 2011, his first bk intrducing the art frm came ut. He als wrte ver 100 articles telling the ___________ stries abut Shanxi’s cultural relics nline. Zhang hpes that mre peple can take part in the ______________ f cultural relics. In this way, they can truly keep alive.
石是一位專家，他幫助重建了1000多件文物。根據(jù)空后“than”結(jié)合備選詞匯可知，此處用“mre than”表示“超過”。故填mre 。
有一天，他收到了一位專家贈(zèng)送的相機(jī)。根據(jù)“a camera as a gift”可知，此處應(yīng)選擇動(dòng)詞“give”表示“贈(zèng)送”，“he”和“give”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由后一句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“started”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為“was+過去分詞”。故填was given。
他還在網(wǎng)上寫了100多篇文章，講述山西文物的精彩故事。根據(jù)“stries”，結(jié)合選詞“wnder”可知，應(yīng)用形容詞“wnderful”修飾名詞“stries”。故填wnderful。

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