?I am standing n Macquarie Island, in the Suth-west Pacific Ocean(太平洋), halfway(半途) between Australia and Antarctica(南極洲). Strng winds and strmy seas(驚濤駭浪) have helped sculpt(形成) its lng, thin shape(形狀). The green grass and bare(裸露的) rck f its landscape(地貌) cntrast(對比) dramatically(顯著地), giving it a wild and natural beauty. N visitr wuld think it surprising(令人驚訝的) that the island is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site(世界遺產(chǎn)). Nr wuld they fail t imagine(想象不出) hw its native(本地的)inhabitants(棲居動物), including ryal penguins帝企鵝, king penguins王企鵝, and elephant seals(象海獅), existed(存在) in perfect harmny with(與…完美一致) their natural habitat(棲息地)fr thusands f years.
Nr 否定詞居于句首，句子部分倒裝，助動詞wuld置于主語前
句中否定副詞Nr位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。部分倒裝指的是把be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞提到主語的前面，即助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞＋主語＋謂語的其他部分。具有否定意義的副詞或短語never, nt, nr, hardly, little, seldm, rarely, neither, scarcely, at n time, by n means, in n way 等置于句首時, 句子用部分倒裝語序。
[即學(xué)即練]—— 完成句子/句式升級①我的英語說得不準(zhǔn)確，也說得不流利。我很少有勇氣用英語和別人交流。所以你能幫我提高我糟糕的英語水平嗎?Neither _________________ crrectly nr _____________ English. Rarely ___________________________________________ in English. S culd yu please help me imprve my pr English? (應(yīng)用文佳句之求助信)?②I wasn’t aware that bad frtune might be the dr waiting t be pened until I experienced the accident.→_____________________________________________ bad frtune might be the dr waiting t be pened.(倒裝句) (續(xù)寫佳句之主旨升華)?
But the island's mre recent histry tells a different stry. It' a tragic(悲慘的) stry that began in 1810 when humans arrived n the island. In their ships they unknwingly(不知不覺地) brught rats and mice. These small animals quickly tk ver (接管) the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking(襲擊) baby birds. Cats were brught t the island t cntrl(控制) the rats and mice. Unfrtunately(不幸地), the cats subsequently(隨后)develped an appetite(胃口) fr the birds, t.
1. appetite n.胃口，食欲；強(qiáng)烈欲望(1)have a gd/pr/n appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/沒有胃口 develp an appetite fr... 對……產(chǎn)生食欲 lss/lack f appetite 食欲缺乏(2)have an appetite fr 渴望…… have n appetite fr 不喜歡……
[即學(xué)即練]—— 單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子/完成句子①Lts f students nw have ___________ strng appetite fr knwledge in rder t get ready fr their future.②When peple are depressed， sme experience______________________ (食欲缺乏) while thers can’t stp eating.?③杰克胃口大開，很快就吃完了桌上的食物。Jack _________________ and finished up fd n the table in a shrt time.(續(xù)寫佳句之動作描寫)?
?Meanwhile(與此同時), rabbits(兔子) were intrduced t(被引進(jìn)) the island as a surce(來源) f fd fr humans. Lse(不受束縛的) n the island, they did what rabbits d best — they multiplied(繁殖)rapidly and began eating the native vegetatin(植被) and digging hles(挖洞), which caused(造成) sil ersin(土壤侵蝕). The explding(爆增) rabbit ppulatin(數(shù)量) prvided plentiful(大量的) fd fr the cats, meaning that the number f(…的數(shù)量) cats als increased(增長). This in turn(反過來) led t(導(dǎo)致) mre cats hunting(獵食) the birds. The end result(結(jié)果) was that parakeets(長尾鸚鵡), nce large in number(在數(shù)量上) and native t(原產(chǎn)于) the island, died ut(滅絕) in 1891.
?Even after Macquarie Island became an fficial(官方的) nature reserve(自然保護(hù)區(qū)) in the 1970s, the rabbits remained(仍然) ut f cntrl(失去控制). Experts(專家)felt it necessary t cme up with(想出) a plan t remve(除掉) all the rabbits frm the island. With this gal in mind(把…放在心上), a virus was released(投放) nt the island. But althugh the virus caused the rabbit ppulatin t decrease(減少) frm 130,000 t arund 10,000, it als meant less fd fr the cats. The cats in cnsequence(因此) turned their attentin — and their stmachs — back t(把…轉(zhuǎn)回到) the native birds, killing up t(多達(dá)) 60,000 each year. In the 1980s, traps(夾子) and dgs were used t catch(被用來抓捕) the cats. The lastMacquarie Island cat was caught(捕獲) in 2000.
2.decrease v.(使)減少；(使)變小(1)decrease/increase by...減少了/增加了…… decrease/increase (frm...) t...(從……)減少到/增加到……(2)n the decrease/increase在減少/在增加
[即學(xué)即練]—— 單句語法填空/詞匯升級①___________ (decrease)the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the envirnment， mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials.?② The ppulatin f this twn has increased ___________ zer pint three percent in the last three years.③Thanks t the gvernment’s interventin，the number f the patients has decreased ___________ three hundred since last mnth.④It is reprted that as a result f the appearance f smartphnes， the number f peple wh read magazines is drpping nwadays.→ It is reprted that as a result f the appearance f smartphnes， the number f peple wh read magazines is _______________ nwadays.?
3.trap n.夾子，陷阱；困境 vt.使陷入困境(1)be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. int (ding) sth. 誘使某人做某事(2)fall int a trap 落入圈套 set/lay/place a trap fr設(shè)陷阱捕捉……
[即學(xué)即練]—— 單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子/句式升級①The bmb explded suddenly，___________ (trap) victims in the building.②Because f the greenhuse effect， the earth is warmed by gases ___________ (trap) in the atmsphere.③Peple used t set traps ___________ lins t get their fur，which caused their ppulatin t decrease sharply.④After they ____________________ (被困在) the mine fr tw days， the miners were finally rescued.?→_____________________________， the miners were finally rescued.(分詞短語作狀語)?
?But as the saying ges, "While the cat's away, the mice will play." With the departure(離開) f the cats frm the island, the muse and rat ppulatin started t increase. And remember thse 10,000 r s(大約，左右) rabbits? It turned ut that(結(jié)果) they develped an immunity(免疫) t the virus, and their numbers explded(暴增) nce again(再一次). Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused sme land t cllapse(坍塌), and killed a substantial(大量的) number f penguins. This incident(事件)made it clear(清楚的) that the rat, muse and rabbit prblem needed slving(需要解決)nce and fr all(一次徹底地).
4.turn ut 結(jié)果是；證明是；原來是turn t 求助于；致力于；翻到(書的某頁)；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向turn dwn 關(guān)??；拒絕turn n 打開(水、煤氣、電燈等)turn ff 關(guān)上(水、煤氣、電燈等)turn up (意外地或終于)出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大(音量、熱量等)；朝上翻
[即學(xué)即練]—— 用turn短語完成下列句子①(譯林選必4U1)Abut twenty minutes later， a tall man in a lng vercat， with cllar ___________ t his ears， hurried tward him.?②Tm ______________ the invitatin t the party last weekend because he was t busy.?③(譯林必修1U2)Everything will ___________ all right in the end， and the changes and challenges f yur teenage years will prepare yu fr adulthd.?④With n ne t ___________ in such a dangerus situatin， she felt very helpless.?
?S, I am here n Macquarie Island t participate in(參與) the prgramme(行動) t tackle(解決) this very prblem. The first step invlved(包含) pisn(毒藥) being drpped(投)frm helicpters(直升機(jī)). The next step is t remve the last remaining invading(入侵)species, and that's where I cme in — with my dgs. They have been trained t find every last ne, withut harming(傷害) the native animals. This interventin(干預(yù)) is a lng, much-delayed(屢被延誤)ending t a sad stry, but we humans we it t the island t give it a happy ending(應(yīng)該為……做某事).
5.we v.應(yīng)該做；對……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)(1)we sb. sth.(fr sth.)=we sth. t sb.(fr sth.)欠某人某物；把……歸功于某人 we sb.an aplgy該向某人道歉 we sb.a favur欠某人一個人情(2)把……歸功于…… we it t sb. that...多虧某人…… we it d做……是……的義務(wù)；為……做……是理所當(dāng)然的事(3)wing t因為；由于
[即學(xué)即練]—— 單句語法填空/完成句子① Jack said he wed all the achievements ___________ the encuragement and help frm his friends.②I we ___________ t my teacher that I have made great prgress in writing since last term.③ ___________ (we) t the bad weather， the flight was delayed fr a cuple f hurs.④周五下午我未能和你一起去書店，我得向你道歉。I _____________________ fr nt ging t the bkstre with yu n Friday afternn. (應(yīng)用文佳句之道歉信)?
Pstscript(附言): In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared(宣布) pest-free(無有害生物) and the island's eclgy(生態(tài))is finally n the rad t recvery(走上恢復(fù)之路).
Lk at the sentences and answer the questins.
Observe the rules
1 What des “it” refer t in sentences (a) and (b)?2 What’s the sentence element f “it”? It’s an empty bject.
Grammar: It as an empty bject
當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作賓語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。 此時it仍只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。
it 作為形式賓語的幾種情況
1. 動詞 + it + 賓語補(bǔ)足語 + 不定式/動名詞/從句，常見于make, think, leave, find, believe 等動詞。 賓語補(bǔ)足語：形容詞、名詞、過去分詞等
Translate我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。 I find it difficult t d the jb well.我們認(rèn)為抱怨是沒有用的。 We think it n use cmplaining.
2. 動詞 + it + when/if 從句，常見于appreciate, enjy, like, prefer, lve, dislike等動詞之后。
Translate如果您能幫助我們，我們會很感激。 We really appreciate it if yu culd d us a favur.我不喜歡有人嘴里含著食物說話。 I hate it when peple speak with their muth full.
3. 動詞 + it + 介詞 + that從句，常見于 we it t sb. that… (把……歸功于)， take it fr granted that… (認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然)，put it t sb. that… (向某人挑明) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Translate多虧有你，我們現(xiàn)在才仍然活著。 We we it t yu that we are still alive.我還想當(dāng)然地以為他總能隨叫隨到呢。 I just tk it fr granted that he’d always be arund.
e.g. *He made it knwn t everyne that he was right. *They haven’t made it knwn where they are t hld the cnference.
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty bject.（page 70）
The red-eared slider, a species f freshwater turtle, is native t the Suthern United States and Nrthern Mexic. Due t its cute appearance, many peple think keeping this turtle as a pet is a gd idea.
many peple think it a gd idea t keep this turtle as a pet.
Recent years have seen mre and mre pet sliders escaping r being released frm hmes, and sme wners believe t release them int the wild is n big issue.
believe it n big issue t release them int the wild .
These days, peple have fund t release these turtles int the wild is a threat t ther species.
peple have fund it a threat t ther species t release these turtles int the wild .
Experts cnsider wners keeping their pets in an enclsed area imprtant, and anyne unable t keep their pets shuld take them t an apprpriate animal shelter.
Experts cnsider it imprtant fr wners t keep their pets in an enclsed area
用it完成下列句子，說明它指代什么成分并翻譯成漢語（黑體部分為本單元詞匯）1. Subsequently, the island made nt the UNESCO Wrld Heritage car has brken dwn halfway. What's the matter with ?3.I dn't think nrmal fr huse prices t decrease advcate bilgical diversity, which makes pssible t prtect eclgy and animal inhabitants here we t the wild habitats t d mre envirnmental cnservatin.
B（提高練-對接高考）1．［2022·新高考全國】卷］Later，ur jaws changed t an verbite structure（結(jié)構(gòu)），making easier t prduce such sunds.2．［2022·新高考全國I卷］That was why nne f the children thught unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team.3．［2022·全國甲卷］Mexicans cnsider inapprpriate t eat with utensils, instead preferring t use their hands.4．［2022·新高考全國II卷］It als makes easier fr yu t bring up anything that yu are wrried abut.5．［2021·全國乙卷］Generatin Xers with yung families，like my wife and I, can still find cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member.

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