
復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)
1.不定式作定語(yǔ)
觀察
The Brwns have a cmfrtable huse t live in.
He is always the first t arrive at schl and the last t leave.
The best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it a habit.
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
歸納(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后,作定語(yǔ)的不定式若為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的1.______。
(2)當(dāng)中心詞為2._____、3________、the last、the nly等或被這些詞修飾時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
(3)有些抽象名詞后常用不定式作定語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有:ability,chance,pprtunity、plan,attempt等。
2.分詞作定語(yǔ)
觀察
I'd like yu t have a lk at a study cnducted in Australia.
Last night,there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.
The dining hall being built nw will be cmpleted next year.
歸納
作定語(yǔ)的分詞形式主要有:現(xiàn)在分詞、“being+過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用4.______;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用“5.______”;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí),用6.______。
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路
觀察
The bridge built last year was designed by a lcal cmpany.
Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the sky.
The bridge being built nw was designed by a lcal cmpany.
The questin t be discussed at tmrrw’s meeting is very imprtant.
歸納
表示被動(dòng)、完成用;表示主動(dòng)7._____、進(jìn)行用8.______;表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用9.______;表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用t d;表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用10.______。
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)
1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)
觀察
T make it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt,nly t find his plane high up in the sky.
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.
歸納(1)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),可用 s as t或 in rder t替換,意為“為了”,但11.______一般不可置于句首。
(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),常表示12.______的結(jié)果,常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:nly t d(結(jié)果卻……);t…t d…(太…而不能做……);s.as t d.(如此……以至于……)等。
(3)作原因狀語(yǔ),常用在“13.______”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有:glad,happy、pleased、disappinted frightened、surprised astnished等。
2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)
Asked abut his address,the by didn't respnd.
Like ancient sailrs,birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
Absrbed in painting,Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
歸納(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的14._____?,F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的15._____關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯
上的16.______關(guān)系。
(2)部分過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng),也不表完成,而表示一種17.______。常見(jiàn)的有:lcated(坐落于)、seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著的)、lst/absrbed/buried in(全神貫注于)、tired f(厭煩的)、faced with(面對(duì)著)等。
三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)
1.不定式作賓補(bǔ)
觀察
we expect yu t give up the habit f drinking.
Parents want their children t develp in an all-rund way.
歸納
不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是18._____關(guān)系。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有:advise、allw、ask、cause、encurage、expect、frbid、frce、intend、Invite等。
2.分詞作賓補(bǔ)
觀察
D yu hear smene calling fr help?
Dr. Lee was happy t see his mther taken gd care f at hme after returning.
歸納
19.______作賓補(bǔ),賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;20.______作賓補(bǔ),賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示完成的動(dòng)作。
鏈接高考
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene declared she had n plans ______ (retire)frm her 36-year ld business.
2.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)When we gt a call ______ (say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke.
3.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,短文改錯(cuò),★★☆)A the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly ______(say)that I had a talent fr ftball.
4.(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)…we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the nrth Shre under the stars ______ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
5.(2019北京,語(yǔ)法填空A,★★☆)Nervusly ______ (face)challenges,I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
6.(2019江蘇,32,★★☆)China's Image Is imprving steadily,with mre cuntries _______ (recgnize)its rle in internatinal affairs.
7.(2019江蘇,30,★★☆)______ (enjy)the cnvenience f digital payment,many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
8.(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng ______ (see)the benefit.
9.(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,短文改錯(cuò),★★☆)Everyne was silent,______(wait)t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.
10.(2018北京,6,★★☆)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members ften gather tgether ______ (share)a meal admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
11.(2018北京,10,★★☆)Ordinary sap,______ (use)crrectly,can deal with bacteria effectively.
12.(2018天津,7,★★☆)I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph ______ (take).
13.(2018浙江11月,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)Larger amunts f caffeine can cause a prblem ______ (call)caffeinism.
14.(2018江蘇,26,★★☆)Arund13,500new jbs were created during the perid ______ (exceed)the expected number f12,000 held by market analysts.
15.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)They are required ______ (prcess)the fd that we eat.
16.(2017北京,32,★★☆)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ______ (spend)with his students.
17.(2017天津,10,★★☆)I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting had a train ______ (catch).
18.(2017浙江,語(yǔ)法填空,★★☆)But thing made her lk clser,and she nticed a ______ (shine)bject.
19.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,語(yǔ)法填空,★★★)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reprter ______ (permit)special unit caring fr pandas frm starvatin in the wild.
20.(2016北京,28,★★☆)______ (rder)ver a week ag,the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
21.(2016江蘇,28,★★☆)In art criticism,yu must assume the artist has a secret message ______(hide)within the wrk.
答案:
1.介詞2.序數(shù)詞3.形容詞最高級(jí)4.現(xiàn)在分詞
5.being+過(guò)去分詞6.過(guò)去分詞7.過(guò)去分詞(dne)
8.現(xiàn)在分詞(ding)9.being dne 10.t be dne
11.s as t12.出人意料13.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+t d
14.主語(yǔ)15.主動(dòng)16.被動(dòng)
17.狀態(tài)18.主動(dòng)19.現(xiàn)在分詞
20.過(guò)去分詞
1.t retire句意:領(lǐng)取“終身成就”獎(jiǎng)時(shí),自豪的艾琳宣布她沒(méi)有打算從她36年的事業(yè)中退休。此處用t d作后置定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞 plans,表示“……的計(jì)劃”,故填 t retire。
2. saying句意:當(dāng)我們接到電話說(shuō)她入圍時(shí),我們以為這是個(gè)玩笑。call與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ),故填 saying。
3. saying句意:操場(chǎng)上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員大聲歡呼說(shuō)我有足球天賦。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 cheered,逗號(hào)后作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。say與主語(yǔ) All the ftball players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填 saying。
4. listening句意:我們應(yīng)邀參加了在北海岸一個(gè)美麗的農(nóng)場(chǎng)舉行的私人音樂(lè)會(huì),在星空下聆聽(tīng)音樂(lè)家的演奏,并見(jiàn)到了有趣的當(dāng)?shù)厝恕1揪渲^語(yǔ)為“were invited”,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。listen與we是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),故填listening。
5. facing句意:當(dāng)緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí),我知道我要輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“Be yurself”。分析句式叮知,設(shè)空處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且face與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),故填facing。
6.recgnizing句意:中國(guó)的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升,更多的國(guó)家認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用。mre cuntries和 recgnize之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,這里是“with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),故填 recgnizing。
7.T enjy句意:為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便,很多老年人開(kāi)始使用智能手機(jī)。由句意可知,此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
8.t see句意:你不必為了弄清跑步帶來(lái)的好處而跑得很快、很久。由句意可知,此處不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故填t see。
9.waiting句意:所有人都默不作聲,等著看誰(shuí)會(huì)被要求朗讀他或她的段落。分析句子成分可知,本句有系動(dòng)詞was,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,wait與主語(yǔ)Everyne之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞 waiting作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
10.t share句意:在中秋節(jié)期間,家庭成員通常會(huì)聚在一起吃飯、賞月并品嘗月餅。gather是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞share)a meal,admire the mn and enjy mn cakes”是狀語(yǔ),家庭成員聚在一起的目的是吃飯、賞月和品嘗月餅,故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
11.used句意:如果正確使用的話,普通的肥皂可以有效地殺滅細(xì)菌。Ordinary sap can deal with bacteria effectively是主干(use)crrectly是條件狀語(yǔ),且 Ordinary sap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞used。
12. taken句意:我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照,所以我將不得不拍張照片。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,賓語(yǔ) my phtgraph與take之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),故填 taken。
13. called句意:更大量的咖啡因會(huì)引起被稱為咖啡因中毒的問(wèn)題。prblem與call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞called作 prblem的后置定語(yǔ)。故填called。
14. exceeding句意:在這期間,大約13,500個(gè)新的作被創(chuàng)造出來(lái),超過(guò)市場(chǎng)分析師預(yù)計(jì)的12,000個(gè)分析句子可知,這里用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),13,500與 exceed為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填exceeding。
15.t prcess句意:需要它們處理我們吃的食物……。require sb./sth.t d sth.“需要某人/某物做某事”,故填 t prcess。
16.spent句意:吉姆已經(jīng)退休了,但是他依然記得和他的學(xué)生們一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),且time和 spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞 spent。
17.t catch句意:在整個(gè)會(huì)議期間我一直在看表,因?yàn)槲乙ペs火車。sb. have sth.t d某人有某事要做,此處不定式作后置定語(yǔ),故應(yīng)填 t catch。
18.shining句意:但某種東西讓她看得近了一些,她注意到一個(gè)閃閃發(fā)光的物體。設(shè)空處作 bject的前置定語(yǔ),故填 shining,意為“閃閃發(fā)光的”。
19.permitted因?yàn)閺木渲幸延邢祫?dòng)詞was,故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因 permit與 reprter之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填 permitted。
20.Ordered句意:那些書(shū)是一周多之前訂的,現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)有可能送到。bks和 rder之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成,故填 Ordered。
21.hidden句意:在藝術(shù)評(píng)論中,你必須假設(shè)藝術(shù)家在作品中隱藏著一個(gè)秘密信息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),且 message和hide之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞 hidden。
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