
【教材原句】
Indeed, his slim but strng bdy is just like that f millins f Chinese farmers, t wh he has devted his life. (教材P38)
【辨析】
兩者都有“貢獻(xiàn)”的意思,但在詞義上又有一些不同之處。
devte 意思是“奉獻(xiàn);致力;專心”的意思,常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu):
= 1 \* GB3 ①sb. devte sme mney t sth./ding sth. 捐錢給….捐助……,cntribute 也有詞用法,但cntribute t sth. 中,t 后面一般接名詞和代詞,很少接動(dòng)名詞。
= 2 \* GB3 ②Sb. devte neself/ne’s time/ne’s energy/ne’s life….t sth./ding sth. 奉獻(xiàn)于….;致力于….;專心于….
= 3 \* GB3 ③Sb. be devted t sth./ding sth. 奉獻(xiàn)于….;致力于….;專心于….;專注于(深愛著)…
devted為形容詞,表示“忠實(shí)的,忠誠的”。
cntribute 意思是“捐獻(xiàn),捐助,捐贈(zèng),促進(jìn),導(dǎo)致,有助于;投稿”。常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu):
= 1 \* GB3 ① cntribute sme mney/smething t sth. 向…..捐款/捐物
= 2 \* GB3 ② cntribute t sth. 有助于….;導(dǎo)致….;促進(jìn)….;向….投稿
溫馨提示:devte 沒有“促進(jìn),導(dǎo)致,有助于”的意思。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Our experience suggests investrs want t devte mre mney t making the wrld better.
我們過往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,投資者是希望拿出更多的錢,讓世界變得更美好的。
He devted his energies t the refrmatin f science.
他致力于科學(xué)的革新。
Mther Teresa is an elderly nun wh has devted her life t fighting pverty
德肋撒嬤嬤是一位畢生致力于消除貧困事業(yè)的年邁修女。
He devted a gd deal f attentin t the prblem.
他在這個(gè)問題上花了相當(dāng)多的精力。
I culd nly devte tw hurs a day t the wrk.
我一天只能在這個(gè)工作上花兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
The final term will be devted t prject wrk.
最后一學(xué)期的時(shí)間將全部用于專題研究。
Immigrants have cntributed t British culture in many ways.
移民在許多方面都對英國文化有所貢獻(xiàn)。
I believe that each f us can cntribute t the future f the wrld
我相信我們每一個(gè)人都能夠?qū)κ澜绲奈磥碛兴暙I(xiàn)。
The research shwed beynd dubt that smking cntributes t heart disease.
這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟疾病。
The three sns als cntribute t the family business
這3個(gè)兒子也為家族事業(yè)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
I am sure that this meeting will cntribute t the reinfrcement f peace and security all ver the wrld
我相信這次會(huì)議將會(huì)促進(jìn)世界范圍內(nèi)的和平與安全。
The US is cntributing $ 4 billin in lans, credits and grants
美國將提供40億美元的信貸和贈(zèng)款。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)devte和cntribute的用法填空
1. This bk _______ little t ur understanding f the subject.
2. At the same time, the gvernment shuld pay much mre attentin t scientific research and _______ mre mney t scientific research expenditure.
3. We _______ £ 5 000 t the earthquake fund last week.
4. The riginal intentin was t _______ three mnths t the prject.
5. She ________ a number f articles t the magazine last year.
6. His later years ________ largely t charitable wrk.
7. S far this _________ t the lack f cnfidence in the plice
8. He's been acting as a ________ husband all day.
9. They thught carelessness _______ t the deaths f up t 20 peple
10. They _______ t lking after their children at present.
11. They say gas guzzlers ________ t air pllutin nw.
12. Yuan Lng Ping ________ himself t his career.
13. The reprt says design faults in bth the vessels ________ t the tragedy at that time.
14. He decided t ________ the rest f his life t scientific investigatin.
【參考答案】
1. cntributes/cntributed; 2. devte/cntribute; 3. cntributed/devted; 4. devte; 5. cntributed; 6. were devted; 7. has cntributed; 8. devted; 9. cntributed/had cntributed; 10. are devted; 11. are cntributing; 12. devted; 13. cntributed; 14. devte
●be knwn as…; be knwn fr…; be knwn t….
【教材原句】
Yuan Lngping, knwn as the “father f hybrid rice”, is ne f China’s mst famus scientists. (教材P50)
【辨析】
be knwn/well-knwn fr…. = be famus fr…. 表示“因?yàn)椤雒?著名”,后接出名的原因。
be knwn/well-knwn as….. = be famus as….. 表示“作為…..而出名/著名”,后面常接表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞。
be knwn/well-knwn t….. = be famus t….. 表示“為…..所知;對…..來說是出名/著名的”,后接人、團(tuán)體或地域的名詞。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Yu want t be knwn fr yur wrk, nt yur rumr radar.
你應(yīng)該以你的工作表現(xiàn)而為人熟知,而不是以你的八卦能力。
Kbe has always been knwn fr being an extreme cmpetitr.
科比一直以一種對于勝利近乎偏執(zhí)的渴求而聞名。
China is knwn fr tea and pandas.
中國因?yàn)椴枞~和熊貓而為世人所知。
Mary was knwn as a pet.
瑪麗作為詩人而知名。
They retreat alng an ancient Native American path that will later be knwn as Bradway.
他們沿著一條原住民的小道撤退,這條小道便是日后的百老匯大道
Jn Snw, the King in the Nrth, will be knwn as the White Wlf.
北境之王瓊恩?雪諾會(huì)被稱為“白狼主”。
The news will be knwn t everybdy in the curse f time.
過一段時(shí)間人人都會(huì)知道消息的。
D yu want t be knwn t many peple and admired by them?
你追求聲譽(yù)嗎?你希望許多人都知道你贊賞你嗎?
He hpes t be knwn t all peples.
他希望我為所有人熟知。
The sng is knwn t many yung peple.
這首歌為許多年輕人熟知。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)be knwn fr…..; be knwn as… 和 be knwn t….用法填空
1. The plicy will be knwn ______ all the peple.
2. The British are knwn _______ laughing at themselves.
3. Having been wrking with yu fr such a lng time, my name shall be knwn _____ each f yu.
4. The cuntry is knwn _______ sending rckets up t space quickly.
5. New Yrk may be knwn _______ its skyscrapers.
6. Edisn was knwn _______ an inventr in the wrld.
7. He wuld be knwn ________ the game.
8. She wants t be knwn ________ a mvie star.
9. Nw it will be knwn _________ hlding the2008 Olympic Games.
10. The peple(民族) is always knwn ________ lngstanding traditinal service and hspitality.
【參考答案】
1. t; 2. fr; 3. t; 4. fr; 5. fr; 6. as; 7. fr; 8. as; 9. fr; 10. fr
●realize; cme true
【教材原句】
Yuan Lngping realized that larger fields were nt the slutin. (教材P50)
【辨析】
兩者都有“實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思,但用法有區(qū)別。
cme true 是系表結(jié)構(gòu), 無被動(dòng)語態(tài), 句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:sth. cme(s) true,這里的cme 為系動(dòng)詞,表示“變成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是 = 1 \* GB3 ①“實(shí)現(xiàn), 使…..成為現(xiàn)實(shí)” = 2 \* GB3 ②“認(rèn)識(shí)到,意識(shí)到”(通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
These predictins will cme true if technlgy cntinues t develp.
如果科技不斷發(fā)展,這些預(yù)言將會(huì)成真。
His dream will cme true sner r later.
他的理想遲早會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Her wish t becme a dctr has cme true.
她想當(dāng)醫(yī)生的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
All ur dreams can cme true if we have the curage t pursue them.
只要有勇氣去追求,一切夢想皆可成真。
Peple think all they need t d is endure ne crazy, intense, jb-free creative burst and their dreams will cme true.
人們認(rèn)為他們所需要做的事是忍耐一個(gè)瘋狂,強(qiáng)烈的,無責(zé)任的創(chuàng)意突發(fā)而他們的夢想將成真。
My dream f getting int Beijing university has cme true.
去北京大學(xué)讀書讓我的夢想成真。
The mment I saw her, I realized smething was wrng.
我一看到她,就覺得不太對勁。
I dn't think yu realize hw imprtant this is t her.
我認(rèn)為你沒有意識(shí)到這對她是多么重要。
The situatin was mre cmplicated than they had at first realized.
形勢比他們最初意識(shí)到的更為復(fù)雜。
They managed t leave withut any f us realizing.
我們誰也沒注意,他們悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后來她才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Thse are ur hpes; we are starting this clinical trial t investigate whether thse hpes will be realized.
那些就是我們的希望;我們正在開展這些臨床試驗(yàn)以調(diào)查那些希望是否可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Varius textile techniques will be explred t realize design pssibilities.
將嘗試和探索紡織技巧來把這些設(shè)計(jì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。
D yu realize the imprtance f this questin?
你意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題的重要性嗎 ?
Only then did he realize that he had been wrng.
直到這時(shí)他才知道他錯(cuò)了.
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
用cme true或realize 的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. The jbless can nly hpe that such predictins will ______.
2. Every minute yu are making all yur dreams ______!
3. What dreams wuld yu like t see ________?
4. Did Tm’s predictins abut the gulf ecsystem _______?
5. As sn as we _______ smething was wrng, we mved the children away.
6. Peple dn't _______ hw serius this recessin has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyne was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambitin f becming a prfessinal singer at last.
9. It takes patience fr humans t ______ their dreams
10. It cannt ________ withut technlgical innvatin.
【參考答案】
1. cme true/be realized; 2. cme true/realized; 3. cme true/realized; 4. cme true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; 10. cme true/realize
●debate; argue; discuss; quarrel
【教材原句】
Hwever, whether it was pssible t develp a hybrid f self-pllinating plans such ice was a matter f great debate. (教材P50)
【辨析】
四個(gè)詞都有 “辯論,爭論,說理”之意。但各有側(cè)重。
debate 往往側(cè)重指意見等對立的雙方之間正式或公開的爭辯, 既可以作名詞也可以作動(dòng)詞。
argue 表示提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看法或立場辯護(hù),著重說理、論證和企圖說服。
discuss 表示就某一或某些問題表明觀點(diǎn)、看法等,以便統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí),解決問題,最常用詞。
quarrel 表示兩人之間或兩個(gè)團(tuán)體之間不友好的、大聲爭論某事,重點(diǎn)是“吵嘴、吵架”, 既可以作名詞也可以作動(dòng)詞。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
His cmments are bund t add fuel t the debate.
他的話必將為爭論推波助瀾。
A full-scale debate is under way n what ails the industry.
關(guān)于工業(yè)為何陷入困境正在展開一場全面的討論。
The senatr argued with the President abut the new tax bill.
參議員和新總統(tǒng)為新稅法案爭辯了。
One culd argue that smking, by its very nature, is addictive.
有人可能認(rèn)為抽煙從本質(zhì)上說就具有成癮性。
They argue that nly private capitalists can remake Pland's ecnmy.
他們認(rèn)為,只有私人資本家才能重振波蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)。
The Plitbur has been meeting in Peking t discuss the situatin.
政治局已在北京召開會(huì)議討論形勢。
Senir pliticians met tday t discuss the future f Eurpean ecnmic unity.
高級政要今天會(huì)晤,探討歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的未來。
The magazine's aim is t discuss tpical issues within a Christian framewrk.
該雜志的宗旨是在基督教框架下討論時(shí)下的熱門話題。
They culd quarrel quite legitimately with sme f my chices.
他們大有理由不同意我的一些選擇。
The mnarchists are a small fringe grup wh quarrel fiercely amng themselves.
君主主義者是一個(gè)內(nèi)部爭吵激烈的非主流的小團(tuán)體。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
翻譯下列句子
1. 這個(gè)醫(yī)生論述了治療癌癥的不同方法。
2. 針對他是否能勝任最高職務(wù)展開了爭論。
3. 這件事可能是在他們?yōu)槟葕W米爭吵的過程中發(fā)生的。
4. 有一些人認(rèn)為真正獨(dú)立的意見是不存在的。
【參考答案】
1. The dctr discussed different appraches t the treatment f cancer.
2. There is a debate abut/ver his fitness fr the highest ffice.
3. It culd have happened during a quarrel between them abut/ver Nami.
4. There are thse wh argue that true independent advice is unattainable.
●depend n/upn; rely n/upn
【教材原句】
Yuan’s innvatin has helped feed nt just China, but many ther cuntries that depend n rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. (教材P51)
【辨析】
兩者都是“依靠,依賴”的意思,但用法上某些時(shí)候有區(qū)別。
depend 表示“依靠,依賴,信賴”, 常構(gòu)成詞組depend n/upn,表
示“指望,取決于,由……決定”。在交際用語中,要表示“那得看情況或視情況而定”時(shí),一般只用depend, 不用rely, 即It/ That (all) depends.那得看情況。
rely 常構(gòu)成詞組rely n/upn,表示“取決于,由…決定”。
溫馨提示:
= 1 \* GB3 ①depend n/upn sb./sth. t d sth. = rely n/upn sb./sth t d sth.
依賴/依靠/指望….做某事
= 2 \* GB3 ②depend n/upn sb./sth. ding sth. = rely n/upn sb./sth ding sth.
依賴/依靠/指望….做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③depend n/upn…. fr….= rely n/upn…. fr….
依靠….來….
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
We depend n energy t d many things in ur daily lives.
在日常生活中,我們做很多事都離不開能源。
If ur parents d everything fr us children, we wn’t learn t depend n urselves.
如果父母替我們這些孩子做所有的事情,我們就學(xué)不會(huì)獨(dú)立。
We depend n him finishing the jb this weekend.
我們指望他這個(gè)周末能完成工作。
Depend upn it. We shall slve the prblem at last.
請相信,我們最終會(huì)解決這個(gè)問題。
Yu can depend n Jane - she always keeps her prmises.
你可以信賴簡,她總是信守諾言。
The future f space research depends n hw much mney we have.
太空研究的未來取決于我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。
The jurney takes abut tw hurs, depending n traffic.
旅途大約需要兩小時(shí),這取決于交通狀況
-- Hw lng are yu staying? 你會(huì)待多久?
-- I dn't nw. It depends. 我不知道,那得看情況,
I rely n yu fr gd advice.
我靠你來給我好建議。
The wise will nt rely n medicine fr keeping their health.
明智的人不依賴藥物來保持健康。
These days, we rely heavily n cmputers t rganize ur wrk.
現(xiàn)在,我們在很大程度上依賴電腦來安排工作。
Yu may rely n him cming n time.
你放心,他肯定會(huì)按時(shí)來的。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
用depend或rely 填空
1. -- What are yu ging t d this weekend?
-- It ______. If time permits, I may g t Shanghai with my friends.
2. Dn't always ask thers t help yu. Yu shuld learn t _______ n yurself
3. All living things ________ n the sun fr their grwth.
4. Did yu still ________ n yur parents?
5. Everything _______ n the weather tmrrw.
6. Children _______ n their parents fr fd and clthing.
7. It all _____ n whether she likes the bss r nt.
8. His success ______ chiefly n himself.
9. Whether the game will be played ______ n the weather.
10. The develpment f things ______ fundamentally n internal causes.
11. He can _______ n my supprt when the crunch cmes
12. It wuld be rash t ________ n such evidence
13. Bth methds ______ n the accurate determinatin f the pressure f the gas.
14. Yu can't ______ n any figures yu get frm them.
15. Lins ______ n stealth when hunting.
16. Can I _______ n yur supprt in the electin?
17. Yu can _________ n him t respnd t a challenge.
18. Many animals ________ n cncealment fr prtectin.
19. This is cnfidential, but I knw that I can ________ n yur discretin.
20. Can I _______ n yu t keep this secret?
【參考答案】
1. depends; 2. depend/rely; 3. depend/rely; 4. depend/rely; 5. depends/relies; 6. depend/rely; 7. depends/relies; 8. depends/relies; 9. depends/relies;10. depends/relies; 11. rely/depend; 12. rely/depend; 13. rely/depend; 14. rely/depend; 15. rely/depend; 16. rely/depend; 17. rely/depend; 18. rely/depend; 19. rely/depend; 20. rely/depend
●damage, destry, ruin
【教材原句】
Fr example, pesticides can damage the land by killing nt nly harmful bacteria and insects, but als helpful nes. (教材P55)
The gal f using different rganic farming methds is t grw gd fd while aviding damage t the envirnment r t peple’s health. (教材P55)
【辨析】
三者都有“破壞;損壞”的意思,但有一定區(qū)別。
destry 常指“毀滅性地破壞,摧毀;消滅;毀滅” 具體的事物或抽象的事物,程度極其嚴(yán)重,無法修復(fù)。另外,它既可表示毀壞具體的物品,也可表示毀壞抽指打破(希望, 計(jì)劃等)。
ruin泛指一般性的破壞,多用于借喻之中,指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度。使破產(chǎn),破壞的原因通常是自然現(xiàn)象、年齡、疏忽等,現(xiàn)多用于比喻用法中,在真正具體地摧毀或破壞某座建筑物時(shí),通常不用 ruin,可做動(dòng)詞和名詞。常構(gòu)成以下機(jī)構(gòu):
bring sb. t ruin 使某人失敗; 使傾家蕩產(chǎn)
bring ruin upn neself 自取滅亡
g/cme/ fall t ruin毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰; 破壞掉
ruin neself毀掉自己
in ruins成為廢墟,遭到嚴(yán)重破壞
damage意為“損壞、破壞”。常表示損壞或破壞具體的事物,也可以指損壞抽象的東西,含有損壞后價(jià)值或效益降低的意味,破壞或損壞程度不太嚴(yán)重,以修復(fù)再用,還可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu):
d damage t….. 損害…., 破壞….
cause damage t…..損害…., 破壞…..
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Smking will damage yur health.
抽煙會(huì)損害你的健康。
The earthquake did a lt f damages t the city.
這場地震給這座城市帶來了巨大的破壞。
What they said and did damage the relatins between the tw cuntries.
他們的言行損害了這兩個(gè)國家之間的關(guān)系。
The Nazi wanted t destry/ruined peple's hpes, but in the end what was destryed was the Nazi's dream by the pwer f peple.
納粹想摧毀人民的希望,最終是納粹的夢想被人民的力量所摧毀。
The earthquake destryed the village,s the lcal gvernment decided t select anther place t build a new ne .
地震徹底摧毀了這個(gè)村莊, 因此當(dāng)?shù)卣疀Q定選另一個(gè)地方建設(shè)一個(gè)新村子。
The heavy sandstrm destryed/ruined their plan t seek fr water in the desert.
一場非同一般的沙塵暴破壞了他們?nèi)ド衬镎宜挠?jì)劃。
All my hpes were destryed/ruined by his letter f refusal.
他回信拒絕,使我的希望完全破滅。
My new cat is ruined.
我的外套不能再穿了。
The strm ruined the crps.
暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼
She pured water all ver my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的畫上,把畫毀了。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
用destry, damage和ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. The terrible hurricane ________ the whle twn cmpletely last week.
2. He _______ his future by carelessness.
3. The fire _______ all my bks.
4. He kncked ver a bttle f ink and ______ the table clth.
5. The whle city was in ________ after the earthquake.
6. Badly ______ in the accident, but the car can be repaired and reused.
7. The heavy rain _______ all hpe f a picnic.
8. The fire _______ the building, and the gvernment had t rebuild it.
9. These yung peple _______ themselves due t nt listening t advice.
10. The fld caused ________ t the cuntry.
【參考答案】
1. destryed; 2. ruined/destryed; 3. destryed; 4. ruined; 5. ruins; 6. damaged; 7. destryed/ruined; 8. destryed; 9. ruined; 10. damage
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