細節(jié)理解題通常針對文章中敘述的人物、事物、現(xiàn)象或理論等進行提問，題目難度不大，題干中一般會出現(xiàn)表述較為具體的關(guān)鍵詞，考生在審題后可快速鎖定關(guān)鍵詞并在文章中尋找相應(yīng)的細節(jié)描述。
有時候，雖然題干中提供了關(guān)鍵詞，但通過題目的提問方式我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，簡單地回文搜索關(guān)鍵詞已不能滿足做題需求。這時，通過審題來幫助我們提前決定解題方式就很有必要了。
1. 直接細節(jié)題
此類試題是對原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答題。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用wh，what，when，where，why和hw等提問。此類試題選項多采用原文中的信息直接進行考查，不需要考生進行推斷。做題時，考生可以在文章中找到與答案有關(guān)的直接信息。此類試題一般不會涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把選項內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容認真對比即可確定答案。廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等類別的文章，常涉及直接細節(jié)題。
2. 間接細節(jié)題
需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達上的差異，有時需要進行加工或整理才能得出答案此類試題介于事實細節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間。四個選項不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實等方法對原文信息進行變換，然后再進行進一步的推理或鑒別。
二、推理判斷題
推理判斷題是歷年高考英語的命題集中點，包括判斷和推理兩個方面，屬于深層理解題，一般難度較高，得分率較低，其比例占30%~40%。從歷年的高考閱讀理解題來看，推理判斷題一般可以歸納為五大題型：細節(jié)推斷題、文章的來源或讀者對象推斷題、寫作意圖題、觀點態(tài)度題和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。預(yù)計高考閱讀理解題中的推理判斷題仍將是考查的重點，應(yīng)引起考生的重視。
1. 細節(jié)推斷題
細節(jié)推斷題考查的內(nèi)容雖屬于原文的細節(jié)，但要求考生在原文基礎(chǔ)上對文章信息進行分析、理解、推斷，立足于已知推斷未知。解題原則是“忠于原文，只推一步”?？忌獯鸺毠?jié)推斷題時，首先要定位信息，通過尋讀，找到相關(guān)信息點；然后進行字面理解，弄懂相關(guān)信息點的字面意思；再進行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具體推抽象，由抽象推具體。然后做出符邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。細節(jié)推斷題的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中尋找并確定推斷的依據(jù)，推斷出隱藏的深層含義，要做到判斷有據(jù)、推斷有理。
2. 觀點態(tài)度推斷題
文章中作者對某人或某事的觀點態(tài)度、文章中涉及的人或組織機構(gòu)的觀點態(tài)度是?？純?nèi)容。在記敘文中，作者往往不直接提出觀點，考生在閱讀文章時要細心捕捉表達或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞或短語，從而推斷出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
3. 意圖目的推斷題
意圖目的推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章陳述的事實，使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同時要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。當然，有時候也會考查考生推斷開展某項活動的目的意圖，要通過對事件的起因和事件發(fā)起人的愿望推斷出目的和意圖來。
4. 文章出處或讀者對象推斷題
推斷文章出處和讀者對象的題目，首先要從文章的體裁和內(nèi)容著手，弄清文章的中心話題，然后根據(jù)話題，確定文章來源和讀者對象。如：新聞、廣告應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)上；科普類文章應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)雜志上或報紙的科學(xué)版塊上；對子女的教育話題的讀者對象應(yīng)該是父母。
5. 下文內(nèi)容或事件發(fā)展結(jié)果推斷題
此類題目要求考生根據(jù)語篇對事件可能的結(jié)局和下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容進行預(yù)測。解這類題目時，考生應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路和文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的預(yù)測。
三、主旨大意題
主旨大意題主要考查考生對全文的內(nèi)容或某一段的內(nèi)容加以合理地歸納，目的是檢查對短文整體或某一段落的理解概括能力。該類題目是高考中的難點之一，也是區(qū)分度較大的題目。主要考查：選擇最佳標題；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。
此類題正確選項的特點：通常不含細節(jié)信息和表示絕對意義的詞；能概括文章（或段落）的全部內(nèi)容。干擾項的特點：以偏概全；選項過于籠統(tǒng)；選項內(nèi)容是命題者杜撰的；選項與主題無關(guān)。因為考生需要讀完全文才能把握文章主題，所以在解答此類題時，考生不要急于去找答案，不論它出現(xiàn)在什么位置都永遠把主旨大意題作為最后一道題來做。在做完另外幾道題后，無疑會有助于考生加深對整篇文章的理解。
四、詞義猜測題
1. 依據(jù)定義推測詞義
在許多情況下，文章的作者估計某個詞一般讀者不熟悉，則會在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋可能是一種重復(fù)說明或定義。通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞的基本含義。線索詞有that，which，is等。
2. 依據(jù)同位語推測詞義
通常引出該詞同位語的詞或短語有r，that is，in ther wrds等，還有的同位語以括號或破折號的形式出現(xiàn)。在這些標記詞后考生可較易找到同畫線詞意義相同或相近的詞。
3. 依據(jù)文章中的舉例推測詞義
在閱讀理解中，考生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，推斷出該生詞的意思。
4. 依據(jù)對比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞語推測詞義
當作者強調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr，往往會運用對比的手法，即運用有對比關(guān)系的詞語，例如反義詞，也可以暗示出生詞的含義。能體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but，yet，hwever，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，n the cntrary，In cntrast t等。標點符號中的分號也可表示對比。
5. 依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義
分析復(fù)合詞：如果一個生詞是由兩個或兩個以上的單詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，可以從該詞的各個部分的特定意思及聯(lián)系上下文推測出該詞的意思?？忌瑫r要了解構(gòu)詞法知識。
6. 依據(jù)上下文語境，通過對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)或平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的同義詞、反義詞推測詞義
7. 依據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義
因果關(guān)系是一種常見的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。一定的原因會導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果，某一結(jié)果總是由某種或某些原因引起的。作者在敘述原因的過程中就必然會把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。常見的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有 since，as，because，fr，s，thus，cnsequently，therefre，hence，due t，result in，result frm，as a result，fr this reasn，accrdingly，s that，，such…that等。
8. 利用上下文來推測詞義
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZLights: Glw Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phenix Z's yearly hliday light shw is n until Jan. 19, allwing families ne r mre pprtunities t enjy the city's z, with millins f lights giving an added dimensin t the festivities.
Glw Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy., Phenix, phenixz.rg, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admissin.
Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts features the wrk f established and emerging artists, including thse wh create wdwrk, metal crafts, fd items, art, phtgraphy and gifts.
On Macdnald, ff f Main Street in Dwntwn Mesa, dtmesafest.cm, free admissin.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hsting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Curtyard, featuring real snw fr the kids t play in. This free event features everything frm bunce huses t rides, games, snwflake crafts and face painting t g with varius stands set up by lcal sellers, with fd and ther fferings fr sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scttsdale, dyseainthedesert.cm, free.
Yuth Fine Arts Curse Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hsting an eight-week yuth arts curse n Saturdays t teach artistic skills and knwledge thrugh fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety f art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessins fr all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St., Mesa, mesaartscenter.cm, $93.
1.Hw can yu get a discunted ticket t the ZLights shw?
A. Bring a friend.B. Get a membership.
C. Jin a tur grup.D. Bk a ticket nline.
2.What can yu d at Family Fun Winterfest?
A. Have free fd.B. Enjy real snw.
C. Take art classes.D. Meet lcal artists.
3.Which event lasts the lngest?
A. ZLights: Glw Wild.B. Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts.
C. Family Fun Winterfest.D. Yuth Fine Arts Curses.
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(細菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
"Eclgical design" is the name Jhn gives t what he des. "Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr," he says. "Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair."
4.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
5.Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
6.What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn's research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn's different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
7.What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
A British wman wh wn a $1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin(變革). "We are ging t make a change," she said. "I've started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls."
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt—whether an up and cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. "I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up," she said. "We need artists mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. "It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8.What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A.Make a mvie.B.Build new schls.
C.Run a prject.D.Help lcal musicians.
9.What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A.It is particularly difficult.B.It increases artists' incme.
C.It pens children's mind.D.It deserves greater attentin.
10.What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A.Mral principles.B.Interpersnal skills.
C.Creative abilities.D.Psitive wrldviews.
11.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Bring Artists t SchlsB.When Histrians Meet Artists
C.Arts Educatin in BritainD.The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape(風景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil's Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz(石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路線) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
12.Hw des the authr deal with the challenge as a landscape phtgrapher in the Midwest?
A.By teaming up with ther phtgraphers.
B.By shting in the cuntryside r state parks.
C.By studying the gegraphical cnditins.
D.By creating settings in the crn fields.
13.What is the key t successful landscape phtgraphy accrding t the authr?
A.Prper time management.B.Gd shting techniques.
C.Adventurus spirit.D.Distinctive styles.
14.What can we infer frm the authr's trip with friends t Devil's Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B.They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C.They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D.They had prblems with their equipment.
15.Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil's Lake?
A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encuraging.D.Cmfrting.
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse", a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(來源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(說明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic", Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped(傾倒) frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
16.What are Vn Wng's artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
17.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
18.What effect wuld "Trucklad f Plastic" have n viewers in paragraph 4?
A. Calming.B. ShckingC. RefreshingD. Challenging.
19.What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. Artists' pinins n Plastic safety.
B. Media Interest in cntemprary art.
C. Respnsibility demanded f big cmpanies.
D. Ocean plastics transfrmed int sculptures.
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性別) are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
20.What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
21.What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
22.Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
23.What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush(灌木叢) in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet-string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld's xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy(樹冠層) f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75% f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal-and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain—yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn't keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity(濕氣) f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.
24.What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A.They prduce xygen.B.They cver a vast area.
C.They are well managed.D.They are rich in wildlife.
25.Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A.Heavy rainsB.Big trees.C.Small plants.D.Frest animals.
26.Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A.Fr mre sunlight.B.Fr mre grwing space.
C.Fr self-prtectin.D.Fr the detectin f insects.
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Life-Giving RainfrestsB.The Law f the Jungle
C.Animals in the AmaznD.Weather in Rainfrests
U.S. teens spend mre than eight hurs a day n screen, and there's grwing cncern ver hw scial media may affect their mental health. Nw, a new study has fund that limiting screen time t abut ne hur a day helped anxius teens feel better abut their bdy image and their appearance.
The study arse frm the persnal experience f Helen Thai, a dctral student in psychlgy at McGill University. "What I nticed when I was engaging in scial media was that I culdn't help but cmpare myself," Thai says. She was well aware that scial media psts ften feature plished, airbrushed r filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.
S, Thai and a team f researchers decided t test whether cutting time n scial media platfrms including Instagram, TikTk and Snapchat wuld imprve the bdy image. They recruited a few hundred vlunteers, all f whm had experienced symptms f anxiety r depressin, which culd make them vulnerable t the effects f scial media. Half f the participants were asked t reduce their screen time t 60 minutes a day fr three weeks while the ther half cntinued t use scial media with n restrictins, which averaged abut three hurs per day.
The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end f the study, which included statements such as "I'm pretty happy abut the way I lk." and "I am satisfied with my weight." Amng the grup that cut scial media use, the verall scre n appearance imprved frm 2.95 t 3.15 n a 5 -pint scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a shrt perid f time is striking, the authrs say.
"The study is encuraging, but it nly included peple wh had symptms f anxiety r depressin. It's wrth evaluating this apprach with ther grups, such as peple with r at risk f eating disrders. It's als pssible that the benefits f cutting back culd extend mre bradly t anyne in this age grup," says Psychlgist Andrea Graham, c-directr f the Center fr Behaviral Interventin Technlgies at Nrthwestern University.
28.What prblem may scial media bring t teenagers accrding t Thai?
A. They may becme addicted t the Internet.
B. They tend t becme sensitive t thers' cmments.
C. They may have unrealistic expectatins f their image.
D. They tend t cmpare themselves with the images psted nline.
29.What can we learn abut the participants during the study?
A. They scred their appearance twice.
B. Half f them stpped using scial media.
C. They hped t imprve their bdy image.
D. Mst f them shwed dissatisfactin with their weight.
30.What did Graham think f the study?
A. It was a gd try but had limitatins.
B. It was well designed but prly cnducted.
C. It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
D. It was encuraging but the evidence was unreliable.
31.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Hw Scial Media Changes Teenagers
B. Hw t Help Teenagers Limit Screen time
C. Shrter Screen Time, Better Feelings n Lk
D. Less Anxiety, Better Image
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標題ZLights: Glw Wild Jan. 1-19下的段落$11.95 members, $13.95 general admissin.(會員價11.95美元,普通門票價13.95美元)可知,要買到ZLights shw的折扣票,需成為會員。故選B。
2.答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標題Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4下的段落OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hsting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Curtyard, featuring real snw fr the kids t play in.(位于沙漠的OdySea Aquarium正在其Desert Curtyard舉辦第三屆年度家庭趣味冬季活動,以真正的雪為特色,供孩子們玩耍)可知,在Family Fun Winterfest可以享受真正的雪。故選B。
3.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每段的小標題"ZLights: Glw Wild Jan. 1-19(ZLights: Glw Wild,1月1日到19日) , Dwntwn Mesa Festival f the Arts Jan. 4-18 (Dwntwn Mesa Festival f theArts,1月4日到18日),Family Fun WinterfestJan.4(Family Fun Winterfest,1月4日)和Yuth Fine Arts Curse Jan.18–Mar.7 (Yuth Fine Arts Curse,1月18日到3月7日)可知,四個活動中,持續(xù)最長的是Yuth Fine Arts Curse。故選D。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的explre、started t wnder 和第二段中的studying、went back t bserving、asking questins 可以推斷出, 約翰·托德自孩童時代就喜歡探究和質(zhì)疑。故選C。inquiring 意為"愛探索的,好奇的"。故選C。
5.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。本題問的是Jhn 把污泥放進水箱的目的。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知, Jhn 決定建造一個生態(tài)箱(ec-machine)。第三段主要講述了Jhn 的實驗過程(把污泥放進水箱里并觀察)。第四段描述實驗結(jié)果—這個生態(tài)箱里的動植物把污泥當成食物吃了。由此可推斷出, Jhn 把污泥放進水箱的目的是測試他研制的生態(tài)箱。故選D。
6.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題,考查寫作目的。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Fuzhu 可定位到第五段。根據(jù)"Jhn has taken n many big jbs" 可知, Jhn 已經(jīng)承擔了很多大型工作。緊接著通過他的發(fā)明應(yīng)用于南伯靈頓和福州的例子來說明他的想法在實踐中的應(yīng)用(applicatin)。故選B。
7.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair"可知Jhn 的研究依據(jù)是自然可以進行自我修復(fù)。故選A。
8.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. "We are ging t make a change," she said. "I've started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls."(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞扎菲拉庫(Andria Zafiraku表示,她想掀起場課堂革命。我們將做出改變,她說。"我已經(jīng)啟動了一個項目,以促進我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")可知, Zafiraku打算用自己的獎金運行一個項目。故選C。
9.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt—whether an up and cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star int schls t wrk with and inspire children.(許多學(xué)校很難讓任何類型的藝術(shù)家無論是當?shù)貚渎额^角的音樂家還是主要的電影明星—進入學(xué)校,與孩子們一起工作并激勵他們,因此才有了這個項目。)"可知, Craig Martin認為,英國學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)尤其困難。故選A。
10.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.(這是絕對必要的。未來取決于創(chuàng)造力,而創(chuàng)造力取決于年輕人。)"可知, Schama認為學(xué)校教育應(yīng)該強調(diào)創(chuàng)造力。故選C。
11.答案：A
解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher," said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. "We are ging t make a change she said." I've started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls."(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞扎菲拉庫Andria Zafiraku表示,她想掀起一場課堂革命。我們將做出改變,她說。"我已經(jīng)啟動了一個項目,以促進我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")可知,文章講述了 Andria Zafiraku用自己的獎金啟動了一個項目,將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM學(xué)校,促進藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。
12.答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。本題問的是作者是如何應(yīng)對中西部地區(qū)風景攝影師所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的。the challenge指的是第一段中的"the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin(艾奧瓦州缺少地理差異)"。再結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞in the Midwest可定位到第二段。根據(jù)"I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way."可知,作者通過去州立公園或鄉(xiāng)村拍攝照片來應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。
13.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。題干中的the key與第三段第一句中的decisive同義。根據(jù)"Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy."可知,在合適的時間到達合適的地點是至關(guān)重要的。再結(jié)合最后一段作者去魔鬼湖(Devil's Lake)拍攝照片留下遺憾的經(jīng)歷可知,風景攝影成功的關(guān)鍵是恰當?shù)臅r間管理。故選A。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the authr's trip with friends t Devil's Lake可定位到最后一段。根據(jù)"We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time."可知,作者認為時間寬裕,就離開既定的拍攝地點往更高的地方爬了,結(jié)果忘記了返回的正確路線,差點錯過了要拍攝的落日。由此可推知,他們到達拍攝地點的時間要比預(yù)計的晚。故選C。
15.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題,考查作者的觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely."可知,作者認為,盡管他可以把照片拍得更好,但現(xiàn)在這些照片仍然是自己拍得最好的。由此可推知,這些照片是令作者滿意的(satisfying)。故選B。
16.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts."(他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系。)可知，Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想讓人們重新審視與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，引起公眾對塑料垃圾的關(guān)注。故選C。
17.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話"Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(來源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled."(塑料吸管絕不是塑料污染的最大來源，但最近它們受到了抨擊，因為大多數(shù)人不需要它們來喝飲料，而且由于它們體積小、重量重，無法回收。)可知，塑料吸管體積小、重量輕，無法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第三段討論塑料吸管是為了展示它們回收的難度。故選A。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(說明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled 'Trucklad f Plastic,' Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped(傾倒) frm a truck all at nce."(在2018年的一篇文章中,Vn Wng想展示一個具體的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù):每60秒,一卡車的塑料進入海洋。在這項名為"一卡車塑料"的工作中,Vn Wng和一群志愿者收集了1萬多塊塑料,然后將它們綁在一起,看起來就像是從卡車上一下子卸下來的一樣。)可推知,這樣的景象很有震撼性。故選B。
19.答案：D
解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts."(他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系。)可知，本文主要講述海洋里的塑料牢記被環(huán)保主義者做成一個巨型雕塑，及其震撼，引發(fā)了人們對塑料污染的反思。所以D項"海洋塑料變成了雕像。"可以概括文章的主旨。故選D。
20.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句"When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen , r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers."(當俱樂部之外的天才—女性、不同膚色或信仰的人—做出貢獻時，他們得不到承認，也會被其他人拒絕。)可知，這些標準對女性和不同膚色的人是不公平的，所以A項"它們是不公平的"，符合題意。故選A。
21.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句"Even wrse ,the study fund that girls act n that belief : Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are 'really，really smart'."(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們會按照這種信念行事：在六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是"非常非常聰明"的孩子才會做的活動。)可知，女孩受到這種信念的影響，在六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是"非常非常聰明"的孩子才會參加的活動，由此可知，她們可能會受到社會信念的影響，D項符合題意。故選D。
22.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句"In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear."(在一個全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn)。)可知，越來越多的天才被公眾了解的原因是更好的全球通訊，A項符合題意。故選A。
23.答案：B
解析：標題歸納題。文章描述了在科學(xué)和藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，更多白人會被成為天才，這一領(lǐng)域存在性別和種族歧視的現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合文章最后一段第二句"And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius."(我們看得越多，就越會發(fā)現(xiàn)像性別、種族和階級這樣的社會因素并不能決定天才的外貌。)可知，作者認為性別、種族和階級這樣的社會因素并不能決定天才的外貌，所以B項"天才有多種形式"，符合文意。故選B。
24.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals.(熱帶雨林蘊藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥禽猛獸。)可知,熱帶雨林有豐富的野生動物。故選D。
25.答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy(樹冠層) f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.(熱帶雨林有自己完美的生存體系,高大的樹木有枝干,樹葉的樹冠層保護樹木本身、小植物、動物們免受大雨和太陽強風帶來的干燥熱浪的傷害。)可知,大樹有助于熱帶雨林生存。故選B。
26.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.(科學(xué)家們認為這是植物阻止任何樹木疾病擴散和讓比如毛毛蟲這種食用樹葉的昆蟲難以生存。)可以判斷出不同樹木的樹葉和樹枝避免彼此觸碰是為了自我保護。故選C。
27.答案：A
解析：標題判斷題。本文首先講述了熱帶雨林蘊藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥禽猛獸。其次,熱帶雨林就是地球之肺—它吸納了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了全球氧氣的很大部分。然后,雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而龐大的熱帶雨林濕氣則可以形成雨云,這些雨云則可以飄往那些缺雨水的國家?？梢耘袛喑霰疚淖罴褬祟}是"給予生命的熱帶雨林"。故選A。
28.答案： D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 Thai 可定位到第二段。根據(jù)"What I nticed when I was engaging in scial media was that I culdn't help but cmpare myself"和 "scial media psts ften feature plished, airbrushed r filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively"可知, Thai 認為社交媒體上經(jīng)過處理的圖片會以不切實際的方式改變外表, 這會對青少年產(chǎn)生負面影響,讓青少年將自己與社交媒體上發(fā)布的照片進行比較。故選 D。
29.答案： A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end f the study, which included statements such as... "可知,研究人員共對參與者進行了兩次調(diào)查, 分別是在研究開始時和研究結(jié)束時; 調(diào)研內(nèi)容包括是否對自己的長相和體重滿意 (即對自己的外表進行評價)。故選 A。
30.答案： A
解析：推理判斷題,考查文中人物 Graham 的觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 Graham 可定位到最后一段。根據(jù) "The study is encuraging, but it nly included peple wh had symptms f anxiety r depressin." 可知, Graham 認為這項研究是令人鼓舞的, 但因研究樣本僅涉及有焦慮或抑郁癥狀的人, 所以有局限性。故選 A。
31.答案： C
解析：主旨要義題, 考查最佳標題。首段尾句"... limiting screen time t abut ne hur a day helped anxius teens feel better abut their bdy image and their appearance." 是文章主題句。本文主要介紹了一項研究,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),將每天的屏幕時間控制在一小時左右, 可以幫助焦慮的青少年對自己的體形和外表感覺更好。C 項最能概括文章主旨, 適合做文章標題。故選 C。

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