1. The trees _____ in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
A. being blwn dwnB. blwn dwn
C. blwing dwnD. t blw dwn
2. The Emperr’s New Clthes is an _____ text. All f us are _____ abut it.
A. exciting; excitingB. excited; excited
C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited
3. With _____ leaves _____ in the earth every year, the sil becmes richer and richer.
A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buried
C. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried
4. —I’m very _____ with the dish I cked. It lks nice and smells delicius.
—Mm. It des have a _____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant
5. I have read plenty f bks _____ by Lu Xun.
A. writtenB. wrteC. writesD. writing
“有的鳥(niǎo)兒注定是關(guān)不住的，因?yàn)樗鼈兊挠鹈r亮了”。---《肖申克的救贖》
對(duì)于部分人來(lái)說(shuō)，會(huì)有一個(gè)不那么愉悅的童年，但是對(duì)美國(guó)少女塔拉·韋斯特弗來(lái)說(shuō)，她的童年豈止是不愉悅，簡(jiǎn)直是不忍回首。
塔拉童年的游樂(lè)場(chǎng)是鋼筋混凝土組成的廢料場(chǎng)，機(jī)器的轟鳴聲代替了讀書(shū)聲，生活中充滿禁錮與壓制。1986年出生的塔拉在17歲之前從沒(méi)有上過(guò)學(xué)，但是后來(lái)她自學(xué)通過(guò)考試，進(jìn)入楊百翰大學(xué)取得學(xué)士學(xué)位；獲得蓋茨劍橋獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，在該校獲得哲學(xué)碩士學(xué)位；2010年進(jìn)哈佛訪學(xué)；2014年獲得劍橋大學(xué)歷史學(xué)博士學(xué)位。算是人生徹底逆襲。
這是書(shū)籍《你當(dāng)像鳥(niǎo)飛往你的山》中的故事，書(shū)名源自于《圣經(jīng)》中，“Flee as a bird t yur muntain”，蘊(yùn)含兩種深意，“逃離”及“找到新的信仰”。
請(qǐng)結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷及本書(shū)中作者的感想，談?wù)勀阊壑械慕逃?br>Frm my pint f view, educatin means that…, my reasns are as fllws ...
Firstly, ... What's mre, ... Last but nt least,
T sum up, ...
知識(shí)點(diǎn)一
詞匯
【知識(shí)梳理】
1. previus /?pri?v??s/ adj.先前的；以往的
She has a teenage daughter frm a previus marriage.
她有個(gè)出自前一次婚姻的十幾歲的女兒。
It was a surprisingly dry day after the rain f the previus week.
這是繼前一周的降雨之后出奇干燥的一天。
2. effect /??f?kt/ n.效應(yīng)；影響；結(jié)果
1）n. 影響
Parents wrry abut the effect f music n their adlescent's behaviur.
家長(zhǎng)們擔(dān)心音樂(lè)對(duì)于其青少年子女行為的影響。
2) n. 印象
The whle effect is cl, light, and airy.
整體印象是涼爽、明亮和通風(fēng)。
3）n. 個(gè)人財(cái)物
His daughters were cllecting his effects.
他的女兒們正在收集他的個(gè)人物品。
4) n. 特殊效果
It's gt a gripping stry, great acting, superb sets, and stunning effects.
電影有扣人心弦的故事情節(jié)、精湛的表演、絕妙的布景和驚人的特效。
5) vt 實(shí)現(xiàn)
Prspects fr effecting real plitical change seemed t have taken a majr step backwards.
實(shí)現(xiàn)真正政治變革的前景似乎暗淡了許多。
3. prpse /pr??p??z/ v.提議；建議
1) vt 建議
Hamiltn prpsed a change in the traditinal debating frmat.
漢密爾頓建議對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的辯論形式作一個(gè)改變。
2) vt 打算
It's still far frm clear what actin the gvernment prpses t take ver the affair.
尚不清楚政府打算采取什么行動(dòng)接手這件事。
3) vt. 提出; 提名
He has prpsed a reslutin limiting the rle f U.S. trps.
他提出了一項(xiàng)限制美軍作用的決議。
4) vt/vi 求婚
He prpsed t his girlfriend ver a public-address system.
他在有線廣播系統(tǒng)上向女友求婚。
4. eager /?e?ɡ?/ adj.熱切的；渴望的；渴求的
1) adj 渴望的
Rbert was eager t talk abut life in the Army.
羅伯特渴望談?wù)撥娐蒙睢?br>When my wn sn was five years ld, I became eager fr anther baby.
當(dāng)我兒子５歲的時(shí)候，我開(kāi)始渴望要另一個(gè)寶寶。
2) adj熱切的
Arty sneered at the crwd f eager faces arund him.
阿蒂對(duì)周圍滿臉熱切的人們報(bào)以冷笑。
5. update / ?p?de?t /v.更新 / ??pde?t / n。更新信息
1) vt 更新
He was back in the ffice, updating the wrk schedule n the cmputer.
他回到辦公室，在計(jì)算機(jī)上更新了工作日程。
Airlines wuld prefer t update rather than retrain crews.
航空公司寧愿增添新機(jī)組人員而不愿對(duì)老的機(jī)組人員進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn)。
2) n 最新消息; 快訊
She had heard the newsflash n a TV channel's news update.
她在電視頻道的新聞快訊里聽(tīng)到了這條簡(jiǎn)短報(bào)道。
3) vt. 給…提供最新信息
We'll update yu n the day's tp news stries.
我們將向你提供當(dāng)天的頭條新聞。
6. mtivate /?m??t??ve?t/ v.激勵(lì)；激發(fā); 激發(fā)…的積極性
They are mtivated by a need t achieve.
他們被成功的需要激勵(lì)著。
Hw d yu mtivate peple t wrk hard and efficiently?
你是如何激勵(lì)人們努力而高效地工作的？
【固定搭配】
mtivate sb. t d sth.
激勵(lì)某人做某事

7. recgnize /?r?k?ɡ?na?z/
1） vt. 認(rèn)出
The receptinist recgnized him at nce.
那名接待員馬上認(rèn)出了他。
2）vt. 承認(rèn)
I recgnize my wn shrtcmings.
我承認(rèn)我自己的那些缺點(diǎn)。
3) vt.承認(rèn); 贊成
Many dctrs recgnize hmepathy as a legitimate frm f medicine.
許多醫(yī)生承認(rèn)順勢(shì)療法是一種合理的醫(yī)療形式。
France is n the pint f recgnizing the independence f the Baltic States.
法國(guó)即將承認(rèn)波羅的海各國(guó)的獨(dú)立。
8. supply /s??pla?/
1) vt . 供應(yīng)
an agreement nt t prduce r supply chemical weapns
一份不生產(chǎn)或不供應(yīng)化學(xué)武器的協(xié)議
2) n 補(bǔ)給品
What happens when fd and petrl supplies run lw?
食物和汽油這些補(bǔ)給品減少時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況呢？
3）n. 供應(yīng)
be in shrt supply 供應(yīng)不足
Fd is in shrt supply all ver the cuntry.
食品在全國(guó)各地都供應(yīng)不足。
9. devted /d??v??t?d/ adj.摯愛(ài)的；忠誠(chéng)的；全心全意的
1) adj 專用于…的(常和“t”形成固定搭配)
A large part f the Internet is nw devted t weblgs.
因特網(wǎng)的很大一部分如今都專用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)博客。
2)摯愛(ài)的
a lving and devted husband.
一個(gè)忠愛(ài)的丈夫。
3）熱衷于…的（常和“t”形成固定搭配）
I have persnally been devted t this cause fr many years.
我個(gè)人多年來(lái)一直熱衷于這項(xiàng)事業(yè)。
10. cncentratin /?k?ns?n?tre???n/ n.專心；專注
1)n. 專注
Neal kept interrupting, breaking my cncentratin.
尼爾不斷打擾，打斷我的注意力。
2) n. 集中
The area has ne f the wrld's greatest cncentratins f wildlife.
該地區(qū)有世界上野生生物最集中的區(qū)域之一。
3) n . 濃度
pH is a measure f the cncentratin f free hydrgen atms in a slutin.
pH值是溶液中游離氫原子濃度的計(jì)量單位。
【拓展】
cncentrate /?k?ns?n?tre?t/
1) vt/vi 集中 (心思); 專心
It was up t him t cncentrate n his studies and make smething f himself.
他能否專心學(xué)習(xí)并有所成就取決于他自己。
At wrk yu need t be able t cncentrate.
工作時(shí)你要能專心。
2) vt 集中 (通常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))
Italy's industrial districts are cncentrated in its nrth-central and nrtheastern regins.
意大利的工業(yè)區(qū)集中在該國(guó)中北部和東北部地區(qū)。
11. prmte /pr??m??t/ v.促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)
( prmting, prmted, prmtes )
1）vt. 促進(jìn)
Yu dn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin t prmte ecnmic grwth.
你們沒(méi)有必要犧牲環(huán)保來(lái)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。
2) vt 促銷
a tur t prmte his secnd sl album.
一場(chǎng)促銷他第二張個(gè)人專輯的巡回演出。
3) vt 提拔/晉升
I was prmted t editr and then editrial directr.
我晉升為編輯，之后又晉升為編輯部主任。
12. cperatin /k????p??re?t/ n.合作；協(xié)作
【拓展】
cperate
1）v 合作
The U.N. had been cperating with the State Department n a plan t find cuntries willing t take the refugees.
聯(lián)合國(guó)和美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院合作，制定計(jì)劃來(lái)尋找愿意接納難民的國(guó)家。
2）vi配合 （常和“with”一起形成固定搭配）
He agreed t cperate with the plice investigatin.
他同意配合警方調(diào)查。
13. mental /?m?nt?l/ adj.思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的；心理上的
The intellectual envirnment has a significant influence n the mental develpment f the children.
知識(shí)環(huán)境對(duì)孩子智力的發(fā)展有著重大的影響。
The mental state that had created her psychsis was n lnger present.
導(dǎo)致她精神錯(cuò)亂的那種心理狀態(tài)已經(jīng)不見(jiàn)了。
mentally ADV 智力地
I think yu are mentally tired.
我覺(jué)得你的頭腦累了。
14. academic /??k??d?m?k/ adj.學(xué)業(yè)的
1）adj. 學(xué)術(shù)上的
Their academic standards are high.
他們的學(xué)術(shù)水平很高。
2) academically ADV 學(xué)術(shù)上地
He is academically gifted.
他在學(xué)術(shù)方面有天份。
【短語(yǔ)】
academic research 學(xué)術(shù)研究
academic circles 學(xué)術(shù)界
academic year 學(xué)年
academic achievement 學(xué)業(yè)成就；學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)
academic perfrmance 學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)；學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)；學(xué)術(shù)成就
15. aware /??w??/ adj.知道；意識(shí)到；明白
1)意識(shí)到…的 (常用be aware f…的搭配)
Smkers are well aware f the dangers t their wn health.
吸煙者們都很清楚吸煙對(duì)其自身健康的那些危害。
He shuld have been aware f what his junir fficers were ding.
他本該意識(shí)到自己部下在做什么。
2）awareness n. 意識(shí)
The 1980s brught an awareness f green issues.
20世紀(jì)80年代有了環(huán)保意識(shí)。
3). adj . 感受到…的 (常用be aware f…的搭配)例：
She was acutely aware f the nise f the city.
她敏銳地感受到了城市的噪音。
16. addicted /??d?kt?d/ adj.入迷的； 上癮的
1) (吸食毒品) 成癮的
Many f the wmen are addicted t herin and ccaine.
這些婦女中的很多吸食海洛因和可卡因成癮。
2) adj 入迷的
She had becme addicted t glf.
她已經(jīng)對(duì)高爾夫球入迷了。
【固定搭配】
be addicted t… 對(duì)…著迷/上癮
17. identity /a??d?nt?t?/ n.特征
Abu is nt his real name, but it's ne he uses t disguise his identity.
阿布不是他的真名，而是一個(gè)他用來(lái)掩蓋自己身份的假名。
ID 即identity card 身份證
18. signal /?s?ɡn?l/ v.標(biāo)志；表明；預(yù)示
1）n. 信號(hào)
They fired three distress signals.
他們發(fā)射了3次遇難求救信號(hào)。
As sn as it was dark, Mrs. Evans gave the signal.
天一黑，埃文斯夫人就發(fā)出了那個(gè)信號(hào)。
Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an imprtant signal f supprt.
庫(kù)爾德領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把這次訪問(wèn)看作是表示支持的重要信號(hào)。
2）vt (打手勢(shì)或發(fā)聲音) 向…示意; 發(fā)信號(hào)
Mandy started after him, signalling t Jesse t fllw.
曼迪開(kāi)始追趕他，示意杰西跟上。
She signalled t Ted that she was mving frward.
她向特德示意她要向前走。
3) vt. 表示
He seemed t be signalling imprtant shifts in U.S. gvernment plicy.
他似乎在表示美國(guó)政府的政策將會(huì)有些重大變化。
19. summarize /?s?m??ra?z/ v.總結(jié)；概括
Table 3.1 summarizes the infrmatin given abve.
表3.1總結(jié)了以上所給信息。
Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences.
基本上，這篇文章可用3句話概括。
20. master /?mɑ?st?/
1) n主人
My master rdered me nt t deliver the message except in private.
主人命令我不能傳送信息，除非在私下里。
2) n 專家
She was a master f the English language.
她曾是一名英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言專家。
3) adj 精通的
a master craftsman.
一名手藝高超的工匠。
4）vt. 掌握；掌控
Duff sn mastered the skills f radi prductin.
達(dá)夫很快掌握了廣播節(jié)目制作的技能。
When yu have mastered ne situatin yu have t g n t the next.
當(dāng)你掌控了一種局面，你不得不繼續(xù)下一個(gè)。
21. cure /kj??/ n.藥；藥物；療法
1）vt. 治愈 (疾病、損傷)
An peratin finally cured his shin injury.
手術(shù)最終治愈了他的脛骨損傷。
2）vt 治愈 (病人)
It is an effective treatment and culd cure all the leprsy sufferers wrldwide.
那是一種有效的療法，可以治愈全世界的麻瘋病患者。
Almst vernight I was cured.
幾乎在一夜之間我被治愈了。
3) vt 解決
Private firms are willing t make large scale investments t help cure Russia's ecnmic trubles.
私有公司愿意進(jìn)行大規(guī)模投資來(lái)幫助解決俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。
22. tight /ta?t/ adj.嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的
1) adj 緊的；緊貼的
She walked ff the plane in a miniskirt and tight tp.
她穿著迷你裙和緊身上衣走下飛機(jī)。
She just fell int my arms, clutching me tight fr a mment.
她就倒在了我的懷里，一時(shí)間緊緊地抓著我。
2）tightly ADV 緊貼地
He buttned his cllar tightly rund his thick neck.
他把衣領(lǐng)緊緊地扣在自己的粗脖子上。
Just hld tight t my hand and fllw alng.
只要緊緊地抓住我的手，跟著我。
23. pursue /p??sju?/ v.追求，致力于
1）vt執(zhí)行; 貫徹
He said Japan wuld cntinue t pursue the plicies laid dwn at the Lndn summit.
他說(shuō)日本將繼續(xù)貫徹倫敦峰會(huì)上確定的方針。
2) vt 追求; 努力實(shí)現(xiàn)
He will pursue a trade plicy that prtects American wrkers.
他將努力實(shí)行保護(hù)美國(guó)工人的貿(mào)易政策。
3) vt 追問(wèn)
If yur riginal request is denied, dn't be afraid t pursue the matter.
如果你最初的要求被拒絕了，不要害怕去追問(wèn)這件事情。
4) vt 追趕
She pursued the man wh had stlen a wman's bag.
她追趕那個(gè)偷了一女士錢包的男子。
【短語(yǔ)】
rck bank 搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)
in charge f 主管；照管；管理
He is in charge f the wrk.
這項(xiàng)工作由他抓。
sum up 總結(jié)；概括
T sum up, the plan falls int seven categries.
該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃綜計(jì)有七個(gè)方面。
fade away （人）衰弱；病重死亡
As yu sink int this new activity, the pain and frustratin will gradually fade away.
當(dāng)你沉迷于新的活動(dòng)時(shí)，痛苦和挫折感將會(huì)慢慢消失掉。
【例題精講】
1. His nephew, _____ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his nly relative.
A. lsing B. lsesC. lstD. being lst
2. They had beef and _____ fr supper.
A. smking fishB. fish smking
C. fish t smkeD. smked fish
3. She asked if there was anything _____ fr tnight.
A. t planB. plannedC. that plansD. planning
4.I became _____ after watching t much televisin.
A. bredB. bringC. breD. bres
5.I felt _____ by his interest in my new inventin.
A. encurage B. t encurage
C. was encuragedD. encuraged
【鞏固練習(xí)】
Directins: Fill in the blanks with ne wrd frm the bx. Ntice that there are TWO MORE wrds than necessary.
A. survival B. prcess C. absrb D. faith E. character F. reflected G. pssesses
H. extreme I. affrd J. admired K. greet L. cmfrted
She _____ herself with the thught that it wuld sn be spring.
She began t lse _____ in herself.
The schl is widely _____ fr its excellent teaching.
In Thailand, peple _____ each ther by pressing bth hands tgether at the chest.
The _____ f urbanizatin—the migratin f peple frm the cuntryside t the city—was the result f mdernizatin.
The study suggested that peple _____ this disease int their bdies with their meals.
That incident _____ badly n everyne invlved.
I believe he _____ the skills and talents t achieve the success.
Wmen are ne half f the ppulatin and n cuntry can _____ t leave them behind.
It is that _____ attentin t detail and stress n practice that set us apart.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)二
詞匯
【知識(shí)梳理】
一、分詞作定語(yǔ)：
定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)是修飾名詞或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活。
The black bike is mine.主語(yǔ)（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）
（這輛黑色的自行車是我的。）
Have yu ever met anyne famus?賓語(yǔ)（形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)）
（你曾經(jīng)遇到過(guò)名人嗎？）
說(shuō)明：當(dāng)形容詞修飾由every-，sme-，any-，n-，以及與-thing，-bdy，-ne構(gòu)成的合成詞時(shí)須后置。
They made paper flwers.賓語(yǔ)（名詞作定語(yǔ)）
（他們制作紙花。）
The bys in the rm are in Class Three Grade One.主語(yǔ)（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）
（房間里的男孩們是一年級(jí)三班的。）
I have smething t d.賓語(yǔ)（不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）
（我還有一些事要去做。）
She bught three bks.賓語(yǔ)（數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)）
（她買了三本書(shū)。）
說(shuō)明：不定式修飾名詞時(shí)，一般放在名詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)。
She is a nice persn t wrk with.（她是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的工作伙伴。）
下面講動(dòng)詞-ing和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語(yǔ)的用法。
首先說(shuō)明的是動(dòng)詞-ing既可以是動(dòng)名詞，也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)槎唛L(zhǎng)得一模一樣，因此，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)法意義來(lái)判斷。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在表示名詞屬性時(shí)它是動(dòng)名詞，比如 a running car （一輛跑車）；強(qiáng)調(diào)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)則屬于現(xiàn)在分詞，比如 a running car (一輛正在奔跑的車)。過(guò)去分詞不存在這種情況，無(wú)需區(qū)分。
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)
1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示所修飾詞的用途，它的位置一般是在它所修飾的詞的前面。
2. 如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，往往位于它所修飾的詞的前面；如果是動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，則要放在它所修飾的詞的后面。
The swimming by is my yunger brther.正在游泳的男孩是我的弟弟。
（swimming是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾by。）
This is the path leading t the schl.這就是通往學(xué)校的小路。
（leading t the schl是動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾the path。）
3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，含有進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)的意思。
A.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The man running ver there is ur chairman.
=The man wh is running ver there is ur chairman.正在朝那邊跑的那個(gè)人是我們的主席。
The by reading under a tree is an rphan.
=The by wh is reading under a tree is an rphan.正在樹(shù)下看書(shū)的那個(gè)男孩是一個(gè)孤兒。
I knw the yung man sleeping n the bench.
=I knw the yung man wh is sleeping n the bench.我認(rèn)識(shí)正在長(zhǎng)凳上睡覺(jué)的那個(gè)年輕人。
B.被修飾的名詞與動(dòng)詞-ing形式在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系。
The rad jining the tw villages is very wide.
=The rad that jins the tw villages is very wide.連接這兩個(gè)村莊的路非常寬。
They lived in a rm facing nrth thirty years ag.
=They lived in a rm which faced nrth thirty years ag.30年前，他們住在朝北的房間里。
注意：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)，一般不表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
（正）The man wh came yesterday cmes again.（定語(yǔ)從句）
（誤）The man cming yesterday cmes in.（動(dòng)詞-ing形式）
昨天來(lái)過(guò)的那個(gè)人又來(lái)了。
（the man的定語(yǔ)“昨天來(lái)過(guò)的”所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作cmes之前，此時(shí)不用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，而要用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)作the man的定語(yǔ)，表示這個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。）
The students t attend the meeting will arrive here tmrrw.（定語(yǔ)從句）
=The students wh will attend the meeting will arrive here tmrrw.（定語(yǔ)從句）
要參加會(huì)議的學(xué)生們明天到達(dá)這里。
4. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)有限定性和非限定性兩種情況。
限定性動(dòng)詞-ing形式前后都沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，而非限定性動(dòng)詞-ing形式后面有逗號(hào)。有時(shí)，這兩種形式的句子有很大的區(qū)別。
His brther wrking as a teacher lives in Tianjin.（說(shuō)明他不止有一個(gè)兄弟。）
=His brther wh wrks as a teacher lives in Tianjin.
他當(dāng)老師的哥哥住在天津。
His brther,wrking as a teacher,lives in Tianjin.（說(shuō)明他只有一個(gè)兄弟。）
他的哥哥是個(gè)老師，住在天津。
三、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置
A.當(dāng)單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般位于所修飾的名詞之前，但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，也可放在它所修飾詞的后面。
Lk at the brken glasses.（過(guò)去分詞+名詞）看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。
All the phnes brken have been repaired.（名詞+過(guò)去分詞）所有壞掉的電話都已經(jīng)修好了。
B.當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于被修飾名詞的后面。
I have a radi made in China.我有一臺(tái)國(guó)產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)。
The little girl dressed in white is Mary.穿白衣服的小姑娘是瑪麗。
比較：一般來(lái)講，及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞-ing形式修飾事物，其過(guò)去分詞修飾人。
When they heard the exciting news,they gt excited.Then the excited peple shuted ludly and cheered.當(dāng)他們聽(tīng)到這一激動(dòng)人心的消息時(shí)，他們變得激動(dòng)起來(lái)。然后這些激動(dòng)的人們大聲地叫喊、歡呼。
2.使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合
因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，而它又包含完成和被動(dòng)意味，所以只要符合下列條件便可使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。
A.過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
This is a picture painted by my father.（painted所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is之前。）
=This is a picture that was painted by my father.這是一張我父親畫的畫。
The letter mailed last night will reach him tmrrw.
=The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tmrrw.
昨晚寄出的那封信，明天將會(huì)到他的手中。
At the party I met my schlmate just returned frm Africa.
=At the party I met my schlmate wh had just returned frm Africa.
在聚會(huì)上我遇見(jiàn)了剛剛從非洲回來(lái)的一個(gè)校友。
Peple like the Great Wall built abut tw thusand years ag.
人們喜歡大約兩千年前修建的長(zhǎng)城。
B.過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是沒(méi)有一定時(shí)間性的。
Gds imprted frm abrad are nt always better than thse made in China.
進(jìn)口的商品并不一定比國(guó)產(chǎn)的好。
【例題精講】
1. Dn’t wake up the _____ child.
A. sleepB. sleptC. sleepingD. sleepy
2.Thusands f prducts _____ frm cal are nw in daily use.
A. madeB. makeC. makingD. t make
3.Engines are machines _____ pwer r mtin.
A. prduceB. prducingC. prducedD. which prducing
4.The pilt asked all the passengers n bard t remain _____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. t be seating
5.The flwers _____ sweet in the btanic garden attract the visitrs t the beauty f nature.
A. t smellB. smellingC. smeltD. t be smelt
【鞏固練習(xí)】
Directins: Fill in the blanks with ne wrd frm the bx. Ntice that there are TWO MORE wrds than necessary.
A. peratin B. adapted C. decratins D. cincidence E. rt F. cnferences
G. accmmdatin H. scres I. cnventinal J. relatins K. authrity L. widespread,
Htel _____ is nt included in the price f yur hliday.
Tm was rushed int hspital and had a(n) _____ n his back.
This was what they achieved after _____ f years f ceaseless labr.
Mdern cities have destryed scial _____ and the health f human beings.
The gvernment is the highest _____ in that cuntry.
We put Christmas _____ n the tree.
His prblems mainly _____ in his children experiences.
The htel is ften used fr exhibitins, _____ and scial events.
There is _____ discntent amng the staff at the prpsed changes t pay and cnditins.
It is a mere _____ that they see eye t eye n this pint.
課堂訓(xùn)練：
I. Grammar and Vcabulary 20%
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Spring is finally here. Have yu nticed that yu and thse arund yu are nw in (1) _____ better md than a few mnths ag? In fact, spring euphria(極度愉快的心情) is nt an illusin---it (2) _____ be scientifically explained. Then what is it (3) _____ makes us feel mre energetic?
One f the mst imprtant factrs that (4) _____ (wrk) is the cmbinatin f increased light and warmth. Human beings are prgrammed t feel sleepy when it’s dark utside. That means we have t wrk harder (5) _____ (stay) alert during the lng perids f darkness in winter. The arrival f spring brings mre daylight, (6) _____ we can enjy the energy that is n lnger needed t fight ff drwsiness.
At the same time, ur hrmnal balance is als changed when spring is cming. The increased light and riding temperature brings abut the release f sertnin（血清素）, a brain chemical that affects hw a persn feels, and endrphin, a hrmne that reduces the feeling f pain. As a result, ur mds get (7) _____ (imprve) in spring, althugh the cld des nt necessarily cntribute t wrse mds.
With the develpment f air-cnditining and heating, ur welfare is n lnger weather-dependent, but peple are still sensitive (8) _____ weather. In warmer weather, we feel like (9) _____ (g) where we can get a cl beer r an ice cream. It’s a psitive sign (10) _____ the bdy reacts psitively t a beautiful day. We als tend t scialize mre. Studies have shwn that psitive scial cntact is clsely linked t a sense f happiness.
Hell, spring euphria! Let’s enjy the perid when we feel quite psitive!
課后鞏固
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
It’s time t welcme the warm spring! Yu must be happy t take ff yur heavy sweater and t see that winter is (1) _____gne. But did yu knw that there are a few animals wh dn’t fear the cld and even enjy(2) _____weather?
The Arctic grund squirrel, the nly knwn warm-blded mammal that can live with a bdy temperature under 0 oC, interests several scientists, wh believe that the secret t this ability culd be imprtant. The prblem f living in Arctic winters is that the water in animals’ bdies freezes t becme ice, breaking up their cells and causing death.
In rder t live in their extreme envirnment, plar animals have (3) _____different abilities t fight against the damage frm ice frming in their bdies. Fr example, befre the lng sleep f hibernatin wd frgs living in Alaska can prduce “cryprtectants”, which (4) _____the freezing pint f water inside their bdies. In additin, the Antarctic midge can lse up t 70 percent f the water in its bdy befre hibernatin, and can (5) _____temperatures as lw as -20 oC. Hwever, as warm-blded mammals, Arctic grund squirrels can’t d the abve trick. Instead, befre hiber-natin the squirrels manage t get rid f wuld-be ice –nucleatrs, which are (6) _____ t ice crystals, in their bdies. Althugh hw they exactly d this remains a (7) _____, Brain Barnes, f the University f Alaska Fairbanks in the US, says that the squirrels may d this by making masking agents. These agents stp ice-nucleatrs t prevent ice frm being (8) _____. This means that they can enter a “supercled state”.
Scientists believe (9) _____hw Arctic grund squirrels deal with the freezing cnditins culd ne day help humans. Fr example, at the mment, rgans fr (10) _____are chilled but nt frzen. This means the peratin has t be dne within just a few hurs, and many life-saving rgans cannt reach their patients in time.
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
All ver the wrld, peple admire the beauty and grace f butterflies. Butterflies cme in every clr imaginable, and their (1) _____display an incredible variety f patterns. The largest butterfly, Queen Alexandra’s Birdwing, has a wingspan (翼展) f up t 280 millimeters and lives in Papua New Guinea. The smallest, the Western Pygmy Blue in the suthern U.S., has a wingspan f nly 12 millimeters. Sadly, sme f these beautiful creatures are nw (2) _____.
Estimates indicate that between 15 and 20 thusand species f butterflies exist arund the wrld. A number f these species are endangered, ver 20 in Japan (3) _____. Althugh that number may seem small, lsing even ne species wuld be (4) _____. Nwadays scientists even lk t butterflies as a (5) _____f the envirnment’s health, since they are (6) _____ t envirnmental changes. Many envirnmentalists arund the wrld are eager t prtect the endangered butterflies frm extinctin. The American Museum f Natural Histry in New Yrk, fr example, has an unusual butterfly exhibit. This exhibit (7) _____the imprtant rle that butterflies play in ur envirnment.
In recent years, envirnmental grups have made significant prgress in (8) _____endangered butterfly ppulatins. Gvernments thrughut Asia have passed laws t help prtect endangered wildlife, including butterflies. An area called Butterfly Valley in Assam, India, has becme the fcus f cnscius (9) _____t prtect the butterflies’ habitat (棲息地). Other prjects in Serbia, Japan, and Canada are als hping t (10) _____. Sme f these effrts are already starting t wrk. The ppulatin f the El Segund Blue Butterfly in Califrnia, fr instance, has increased by 8 percent since 2010. Finding a cure fr the butterfly crisis is, (11) _____, nt just fr envirnmental grups. (12) _____citizens can plant butterfly gardens t supprt and enjy these gentle creatures. A grup f female prisners in Belfair, Washingtn, are helping t rescue an endangered species called Taylr’s Checkerspt. They recgnize hw (13) _____seemingly insignificant creatures can be. The wrld cannt affrd t lse any butterflies. As envirnmentalist Jhn Muir nce (14) _____, “When we try t pick ut anything by itself, we find it (15) _____t everything else in the Universe.”
預(yù)習(xí)思考
定語(yǔ)總回顧
dining rm餐廳
drinking water飲用水
reading rm閱覽室
sitting rm起居室
sleeping car臥鋪車廂
smking rm吸煙室
threshing grund打谷場(chǎng)
waiting rm候車室
walking stick手杖
writing desk寫字臺(tái)
a surprising result一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果
surprised girls吃驚的姑娘們
tiring music煩人的音樂(lè)
a tired man一個(gè)疲倦的人
A. mystery B. lwer C. develped D. freezing E. exactly
F. transplant G. finally H. understanding I. frmed J. similar K. survive
1.
A. clrs
B. bdies
C. wings
D. feelers
2.
A. ut f cntrl
B. in great danger
C. n the fly
D. ut f date
3.
A. nearby
B. thugh
C. besides
D. alne
4.
A. predictable
B. pssible
C. imaginable
D. terrible
5.
A. factr
B. picture
C. measure
D. display
6.
A. expsed
B. accustmed
C. sensitive
D. resistant
7.
A. highlights
B. changes
C. replaces
D. finds
8.
A. preserving
B. cntrlling
C. bserving
D. recgnizing
9.
A. prjects
B. effrts
C. steps
D. grups
10.
A. set an example
B. keep the prmise
C. make a difference
D. take the time
11.
A. hwever
B. furthermre
C. therwise
D. therefre
12.
A. Distinguished
B. Leading
C. Senir
D. Ordinary
13.
A. graceful
B. significant
C. pitiful
D. mysterius
14.
A. prpsed
B. cmmented
C. prmised
D. recmmended
15.
A. restricted
B. adapted
C. cntributed
D. tied

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高中英語(yǔ)上教版 (2020)必修 第二冊(cè)電子課本

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版本： 上教版 (2020)

年級(jí)： 必修 第二冊(cè)

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