技巧1 留心并列連詞
1. (全國卷Ⅱ) It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ________(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver the tp.
【解析】and前后為三個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)digging、building可知用laying，這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing短語作included的賓語。
【答案】laying
1. 1. [2019課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ]On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,________________（listen）t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
2. Pressed frm his parents, and ______that he has wasted t much time , the by is determined t stp playing vide games.
A. realizingB. realized C. t realize D. being realized
3.(2019﹒浙江﹒語法填空)When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
技巧2 固定搭配要記牢
1. (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself，ducking my head t avid ____________(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel challenged.
【解析】此處考查固定搭配avid ding sth.，意為“避免做某事”，故填lking。
【答案】lking
1.[2020浙江]Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy t change （change） lives.
2. While regularly eating ut seems t_____________________（becme） cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst.
技巧3句子成分要明晰
1 . (2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ____________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在20世紀(jì)80年代中期以來，人們就使用現(xiàn)代的方法來跟蹤北極熊的種群數(shù)量，這些方法在很大范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)執(zhí)行起來非常昂貴。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語，故填t perfrm。
【答案】t perfrm
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞
首先判定所給提示詞是否充當(dāng)句子的謂語，如果句子不缺少謂語，那就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。
1. (全國卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chpsticks might be made f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal ____________(create) special designs.
2. Tu Yuyu has becme the first female scientist f the Peple’s Republic f China ______ (receive) a Nbel Prize.
技巧4 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)要記牢
1. In many peple’s pinin，that cmpany，thugh relatively small，is pleasant___________________________（deal） with.
【解析】句意：許多人認(rèn)為那家公司雖相對較小，但與之相處令人愉快。“主語+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語和不定式構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。
【答案】t deal
1. 在 “主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。形容詞修飾不定式。句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。
2. be t blame，be t rent 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
3. “have +賓語+t d”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語。
翻譯：
1. 這個(gè)人很難相處。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 這篇文章很難懂。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他不該被責(zé)備。
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我有個(gè)重要的消息要告訴你。
______________________________________________________________________________________
技巧5 非謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
1. He is thught ___flishly .Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
A．t actB．t have actedC．a(chǎn)ctingD．having acted
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：人們認(rèn)為他干了蠢事。現(xiàn)在丟了工作只能怪他自己。句型“有人認(rèn)為..已”可用It is thught/ believed/ sb have/has dne...結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。該結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)化為sb is thught/believed +不定式的完成式。
【答案】B
非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式及意義
1. There are sme health prblems that, when ____in time, can becme bigger nes later n.
A．nt treatedB．nt being treated
C．nt t be treatedD．nt having been treated
2. S,______ ne year f planning，what made yu decide then t g int architecture？
A．having dneB．ding
C．t dD．dne
基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)
考點(diǎn)一 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語
非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。
1.不定式作狀語
1）作目的狀語，可用s as t/in rder t替換，但 s as t一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；以便”。
T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes. 為了享受數(shù)字支付的便利,很多老年人開始使用智能手機(jī)。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：nly t d（表示意想不到的結(jié)果）；enugh t d...（足夠做……）；t... t d...（太……而不能……）；s/such... as t...（如此……以至于……）等。
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。
3）作原因狀語，常用在“主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋t d”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy, difficult, hard, cmfrtable, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus, surprised, astnished, delighted, disappinted等。
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著它最初的樣子。
易錯(cuò)提示
在 “主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。
The persn is hard t deal with. 這個(gè)人很難對付。
2.分詞作狀語
分詞作狀語時(shí),可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時(shí),過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。為了強(qiáng)調(diào),還可與while, when, nce, if, unless等詞連用。
A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人類的手與大腦的產(chǎn)物,這反映出了人類的智慧與創(chuàng)造性。
The cuple tk gd care f the baby while ccupied by their wrk.這對夫婦一邊工作，一邊很好地照顧著嬰兒。
易錯(cuò)提示
部分過去分詞作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的詞和短語有：lcated （坐落于）, lst（迷路的）, seated（坐著的）, hidden（躲著的）, lst/absrbed/buried in（沉溺于）, dressed in（穿著）, tired f（對……厭煩）, faced with（面對著）。
Faced with the great challenge, I didn’t lse heart. 面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，我沒有灰心。
考點(diǎn)二 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語
1.不定式作定語
1）不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動(dòng)作。若不定式與其所修飾的詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。
I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.我在整個(gè)會(huì)議期間一直看表，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。
2）序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、the last、the nly 等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后,常用不定式作定語。注意:該名詞或代詞是作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者。
He was the first guest t arrive.他是第一個(gè)到的客人。
3）被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語。常見的這類名詞有：ability, chance, wish, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓它（意志力）成為一種習(xí)慣。
2.分詞作定語
1）及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語
2）不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語
現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成,不表被動(dòng)。
falling leaves正在落下的葉子（表正在進(jìn)行）
fallen leaves落葉（表完成）
考點(diǎn)三 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語
1.通常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, ffer, prmise, chse, plan, agree, ask/beg, help
I have decided t study engineering.我已經(jīng)決定學(xué)工程學(xué)。
易錯(cuò)提示
allw, permit, advise后需加動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即allw/permit/advise ding/sb. t d sth.。
2.通常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語
admit, avid, cnsider, escape（避開）, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put ff, bject t, lk frward t等。此外，have difficulty/truble （in） ding sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.我避開提及這個(gè)話題，以免冒犯他。
3.接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義不同的動(dòng)詞：
｛frget t d sth.忘記去做某事frget ding sth.忘記做過某事
｛regret t d sth.對即將做的事表示遺憾regret ding sth.對做過的事表示后悔
｛remember t d sth.記得去做某事remember ding sth.記得做過某事
｛stp t d sth.停下來做某事stp ding sth.停止做某事
｛try t d sth.盡力去做某事try ding sth.嘗試做某事
｛g n t d sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事g n ding sth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事
｛mean t d sth.打算做某事mean ding sth.意味著做某事
｛can’t help t d sth.不能幫助做某事can’t help ding sth.情不自禁地做某事
I remembered lcking the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.我離開辦公室之前記得鎖門了，但卻忘記關(guān)燈了。
易錯(cuò)提示
1）動(dòng)詞want, need, require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve（值得）。
The windw needs cleaning/t be cleaned. （windw與clean之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系）
2）不定式作動(dòng)詞（短語）learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。
4.作介詞的賓語時(shí),要用動(dòng)名詞形式,不能用動(dòng)詞不定式。
be/get used t, feel like, insist n, get dwn t, , bject t, stick t, have difficulty/truble （in）; have fun （in）。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw deal with students. 我過去航海和現(xiàn)在與學(xué)生們打交道一樣開心。
易錯(cuò)提示
介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d，不定式要省略t。
We can d nthing but wait.除了等待我們別無選擇。
考點(diǎn)四 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)
1.不定式作賓補(bǔ)
不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞（短語）有：advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們一個(gè)可以依賴的替代品。
易錯(cuò)提示
1）有些動(dòng)詞，如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。
Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld.中國人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。
2）在sb. be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。
The president was reprted t have visited China.據(jù)報(bào)道，那位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)訪問了中國。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞：see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, feel, have, get, find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help？聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？
3.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系?？山舆^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find, leave, keep等。
I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph taken.我需要一本新護(hù)照,因此我得拍張照片。
4.使役動(dòng)詞have, get后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的異同點(diǎn)：①have sth. dne＝get sth. dne讓別人做某事；②have sb./sth. ding讓……一直做某事；get sth./sb. ding 使……開始做某事；③have sb. d sth. ＝get sb. t d sth. 讓某人做某事。
Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed.在開車進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車。
5.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：
①with＋賓語＋ding表示主動(dòng)，說明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；
②with＋賓語＋dne表示被動(dòng)或完成；
③with＋賓語＋t d表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dg fllwing them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。
With such a shrt time left befre the deadline, it desn’t seem likely that Jhn will finish the jb.離截止日期不遠(yuǎn)了，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lt f wrk t d, she wasn’t allwed t leave her ffice.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。
考點(diǎn)五 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語
1.不定式作主語和表語
1）不定式作主語時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。
It’s ur duty t take gd care f the ld.照顧好老人是我們的責(zé)任。
2）不定式作表語時(shí)，表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；當(dāng)主語是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語；主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語多用不定式。
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
What I want t d mst in senir high is （t） imprve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。（不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d的某種形式，作表語的不定式常省略t。）
2.動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語
1）動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。也可用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末。常用動(dòng)名詞作真正主語的句型有：It’s a waste f time ding...；It’s n use/gd ding...；It is useless ding...。
Traveling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。
It’s n use just cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒用的。
2）動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。
My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week.（＝Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb.）我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。
3）remain作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“仍然是”時(shí)，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語；但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“尚待……；留待……”時(shí)，后常接t be dne。
She remained standing thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣埶?，但她還是站著。
It remains t be seen whether the newly-frmed cmmittee’s plicy can be put int practice.新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。
模擬演練
一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
1. My neighbrs vlunteered ________（take） care f my pet dg while I was n vacatin last summer.
2. Nthing will keep this plan frm ________（carry）ut.
3. ________（cntribute）t the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly imprved.
4. Previus t ________(draw) a cnclusin, please take all aspects int cnsideratin.
5. It is wise ________(assign) special exercises t the weaker students.
6. Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is grwing.
7. If a persn has nt had enugh sleep, his actins will give him ________ during the day.
8. I like eating fried tmates with eggs, and I thught it must be easy______(ck).
9. The cuple ften take their children abrad fr hliday,_______ (expse) them t different cultures.
10. Tm is ur manager wh is easy_________ (get) alng with.
11. I used t hate__________（tease）abut my red hair when I was at schl.
12. This is an rganizatin_______ (make) up f eight cuntries.
13. This is an rganizatin_______ (cnsist) f eight cuntries.
14. Cming ut f this experience, I realize it is OK ________(be) different frm thers…
15. It is difficult ________ (figure) ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears…
16. The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise ________ (skip) eating first.
17. Hw ________ (facilitate) the cperatin between the tw cities is still a prblem.
18. Twenty students want t attend the class that aims t teach hw ________ (read ) fast.
19. When and where ________(vte) hasn’t been decided.
20. It tk the dctr abut half an hur ________(examine) the eyes f the baby.
21. It is wrng fr yu ________(skip) breakfast.
22. Apparently, it is nt right ________(skip)class. Yu’d better nt d that.
23. Tm delayed his cmpsitin, fr the first sentence was s hard ________(cmpse).
24. I’m srry ________(disturb) yu s late, but my car’s brken dwn and I dn’t have my phne with me.
25. Five dctrs and ten nurses, ________(cmpse) the rescue team, were sent t the earthquake-hit area this mrning.
26. It is easy fr me ________(learn)hw t drive.
27. Yu mean it’s n use________(repair)the ld bicycles, but I think they need ________(repair)at nce.
28. It tk us half an hur ________(arrive) there by plane.
29. It is great fun ________(visit) Qinhuangda.
30. ________ (help) thers in need made him really happy.
31. It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.
32. ________ (hear) hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. The restaurant, _______(base) n trust, is wrking all right.
34. Next mnth the city will build a new park ________(hnur) thse wh died in the terrible disaster.
35. ________(vlunteer) gives yu a chance t change lives, including yur wn.
36. The prcesses take place t stp ur brains ________(becme) laded with memries.
37. My deskmate enjys ________(listen) t pp music.
38. Jack wants t invite yu ________（make）a speech fr his cmpany.
39. _________(transfrm) a small stage int the whle universe t sme extent, Peking Opera appeals t fans frm many walks f life.
40. __________ (absrb) in the bk, he frgt the time fr dinner.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
41. With the camera still ________ t my eye, I turned and frze. With water ________ ff its thick, brwn hair, the bear stared back at me.
A. held; fallingB. held; fallenC. hlding; fallingD. hlding; fallen
42. _______ Jane’s way f studying chimps, ur grup are all ging t visit them in the frest.
A. FllwB. FllwedC. FllwingD. T fllw
43. Hearing the news, he rushed ut, ______ the bk ______ pen n the table and disappeared in the distance.
A. leaving; lyingB. t leave; t lieC. left; laidD. leaving; laid
44. —Is Rachel still perfrming?
—I’m afraid nt. She is said ______ the stage already as she has becme an fficial.
A. t leaveB. leftC. t have leftD. leaving
45. Much disappinted as he was________in the jb interview, he still had great cnfidence in his abilities.
A. t have failedB. t failC. having failedD. failing
46. The utbreak f the crnavirus has led t ver thusands f peple________t hspital fr treatment, ________the wrld t be in deep srrw.
A. sent; causingB. sent; having caused
C. being sent; causingD. being sent; having caused
47. -I have heard that Ms. Smith was the first________t ur ffice tday
-Yes. But with the wrk________, she left early.
A. cming; dneB. cming; t be dne
C. t cme; dneD. t cme; t be dne
48. I am impressed with China’s cmmitment t its climate gals,________ by the fact________China has met its 2025 targets three years ahead f schedule.
A. evidenced; thatB. evidenced; which
C. was evidenced; thatD. was evidenced; which
49. That gas pipeline prject,________in July 2020 and________in 2023, will benefit several cities alng the eastern cast.
A. starting; cmpletingB. started: t be cmpleted
C. t start; cmpletedD. starting; cmpleted
50. ________ yu g abrad, it is likely that yu will have truble________the new life.
A. The first time; adjusting tB. Fr the first time; adjusting t
C. The first time; t adjust tD. Fr the first time; t adjust t
51. ________ their sn’s respnse letter, the cncerned parents wrte anther ne and had it________at nce.
A. Having nt received; deliverB. Having nt received; delivered
C. Nt having received; deliverD. Nt having received; delivered
52. Rbin, a rcket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the mst sense.句子中非謂語動(dòng)詞是：
A. agreesB. thinksC. startingD. makes
53. The plice fund the tw “stlen” ntebks were left in a gift bag________the riginal blue bx________the ntebks were kept in and a brwn envelpe.
A. cntaining; whereB. t cntain; whichC. cntaining; /D. t cntain; that
54. The fur cuntries use the same flag, as the Unin Jack, and share the same currency.
A. knwingB. t knwC. knwnD. was knwn
55. True friends are peple wh face extreme hardship t save each ther.
A. are abut tB. are blind tC. are willing tD. are likely t
三、根據(jù)所給漢語提示填空
56. ________(無事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
57. There are sme citizens ________(站在畫廊前).
58. There is a red car ________（停在房子外面）.
59. The genuine captain ________ (承諾回來) t save the sailrs trapped n Elephant Island.
60. He has t learn hw t cllect water, hunt fr fd, and ________（生火）.
61. I wuld like t___________(表達(dá)感謝) fr yur kindness.
62. ________ (說老實(shí)話), I dn’t really want t g t the party tnight.
63. The questin is ________(怎樣拆卸) the machine.
64. ________ (何時(shí)裝修) the huse hasn’t been decided.
65. They didn’t decide ________(在哪里舉行) the debate.
66. ________(不吃早餐)ften will have a negative effect n yur physical and mental health.
67. Oscar was crsticised by the head teacher fr ________(逃學(xué)) yesterday.
68. She stpped________ (與她父親通信)after the death f her mther.
69. A secretary came in twice a week t________ (處理他的信件).
70. The prisners cntinued t________（申明他們無罪）。
71. Use the infrmatin t________（填空）n yur frm.
72. I sincerely hpe Tm’s mther will be able ________(讓他洗心革面). Besides, Tm has prmised ________(改過自新).
73. The ambitius man is bund t __________________ (取得巨大的成就) in his field in the future.
74. __________________（我發(fā)現(xiàn)父親坐在他的椅子里）, cmpletely absrbed in a magazine.
75. We managed t _____________________ the victim(使……蘇醒過來).
76. I'm srry. I recgnise that I have t ________（控制）my temper.
77. I try nt ________(焦慮不安) when things g wrng.
78. She decided t resign frm the rganizatin rather than ________(屈從于……) the new rules.
79. The cmmittee is due t ________________________(做出決定)this week.
80. Yu can ________________________(相信我保守) yur secret.
81. I’m srry t have ________________(讓你一直等)fr such a lng time.
82. He was accused f ________________________ (虐待他的妻子)last week.
83. Sme f them are als later sld, in rder t ________（限制……的數(shù)量）pnies accrding t the rules set by Natural England.
84. ________(為了表示我們的尊敬), we usually have t take ur glves ff whever we are t shake hands with.
85. She tried t________（把她的注意力集中于）her wrk.
86. The president agreed, ________ (補(bǔ)充說) he hped fr a peaceful slutin.
87. The gvernment has taken measures t ________(降低)the high prices f daily gds t keep the market stable.
88. The mst imprtant thing t the cmpany is t ________(引入) new equipment.
89. It has enhanced the quality f my life, ________(增強(qiáng)我的健康, 提升我的幸福).
90. ________(改變壞習(xí)慣) is never easy, even with many attempts.
91. Just a few days after the signs went up, he ____________________ (發(fā)現(xiàn)人們坐在那兒) and engaging in active and jyful cnversatins.
92. ________ (也許理解西方藝術(shù)的最好的方法) is t lk at the develpment f Western painting ver the centuries.
93. _______________________ (為了應(yīng)對這一危機(jī)), he chse t study agriculture and received an educatin at Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing.
94. The crucial thing is ________(使用肢體語言) in a way that is apprpriate t the culture yu are in.
95. Hwever, yu shuld avid ________ (使用這個(gè)手勢) in Brazil and Germany, as it is nt cnsidered plite.
四、語法填空
1
Luyang is ne f the cities in China ___96___ artistic, religius and scientific cultures all nce develped like never befre. Daism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___97___ （build）in the city. This special spt is nt nly the hmetwn f China’s mst famus ___98___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and the cmpass, but als hme t the natin's mst brilliant pets and painters.
Tday, Luyang still attracts many turists every year. Lcated in the middle reaches（中游）f the Yellw River in Central China's Henan Prvince and ___99___ （surrund）by muntains and plains, Luyang ccupies ___100___ imprtant strategic（戰(zhàn)略的）lcatin.
As ne f China's ancient capitals, Luyang was a seat f pwer fr 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid histrical and ___101___ （culture）backgrund. Its lng histry endws（賦予）it with rich culture, which is ___102___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is als well knwn ___103___ the“City f Peny”. In spring, many turists travel t Luyang ___104___ （appreciate） the beautiful peny. Luyang is nw an energetic and charming turist place that _____105_____ （welcme）guests frm all ver the wrld t explre its glrius past.
2
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Seventy-five-year-ld Xia Luying is the vice-captain f a team f vlunteers engaged in cleaning flating trash frm the Yangtze River. The team, ___106___ (frm) in 2019, is made up f mre than 50 lcal ex-fishermen aged ver 60, ___107___ the average.
“We have lived alng the Yangtze River since childhd and want t d ur part in prtecting it,” said Xia frm a village f Anhui Prvince. Sixty-year-ld Ma Mingsu is ne f the team, wh has fished fr ver 40 years. Upn ___108___ (end) his fishing career, this ld fisherman turned t apply his sailing experience t prtecting the mther river. “It’s gd that my skill can still be used t clean the garbage in the river, ___109___ will als benefit the future generatins,” said Ma.
Each mnth, this ___110___ (vlunteer) team patrls (巡邏) 15 km f waterways three ___111___ (time), cllecting trash and preventing peple frm fishing n the river. The trash cllected by them ___112___ (send) t the garbage dispsal statin n the shre, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bttles is sld.
In ver a year, the team f vlunteers has grwn frm 13 members t ver 50. Up t nw, they ___113___(clean) ver 50 tns f flating waste. “We will cntinue t prtect the Yangtze River until we are ___114___ ld t handle the bat, as it’s a career ____115____ (real) deserving ur time and energy,” said Xia.
3
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A new study shws that ____116____ tw cuntries with the wrld’s ____117____ (large) ppulatins are leading the increase in greening n land. The effect cmes ____118____ (main) frm ambitius tree ____119____ (plant) prgrams in China and agriculture in bth cuntries.
China alne accunts ____120____ 25% f the glbal increase in leaf area with nly 6.6% f glbal vegetated (有植物的) area. The greening in China is frm frests (42%) and crplands (32%).
China’s utsized ____121____ (cntribute) cmes in large part frm prgrams intended ____122____ (prtect) and expand frests, in an effrt t reduce the effects f sil ersin (侵蝕), air pllutin and climate change.
Taken all tgether, the greening f the planet represents an increase in leaf area f plants and trees equal t the area ____123____ is cvered by all the Amazn rainfrests.
Land area ____124____ (use) t grw crps is cmparable in China and India and _____125_____ (change) very little since the early 2000s. Yet the cuntries have greatly increased bth their annual ttal green leaf area and their fd prductin.
4
Scientists have stated the physical and psychlgical benefits f being in green space. Walking amng the trees ____126____(enhance) yur well-being. But there’s mre t nature’s gifts ____127____ just the greens f trees and grass. Blues have benefits t, a new study finds.
Shrt walks in blue space can have a psitive effect ____128____ yur well-being and md, accrding t research ____129____(lead) by the Barcelna Institute fr Glbal Health (ISGlbal). Blue space includes beaches, rivers, lakes and ther areas featuring water.
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, directr f the Urban Planning, Envirnment and Health Initiative at ISGlbal, and his clleagues cnducted many ____130____(study). During a ne-week perid, adults spent 20 minutes each day walking n a beach. Then, during a different week, they spent 20 minutes walking alng city streets. In ____131____ week, they spent 20 minutes just resting indrs. Befre, during and after each activity, researchers asked each participant questins ____132____(assess) their md and well-being.
“We saw a ____133____(significance) imprvement in their well-being and md immediately after they went fr a walk in blue space,” Nieuwenhuijsen said. “It shws that peple’s md and well-being can ____134____(imprve) by walking in blue space. They shuld _____135_____(frequent) walk in blue r green space.”
5
A family dinner is an imprtant traditin ___136___ (celebrate) Spring Festival. Nwadays, sme peple chse t have the dinner in a restaurant. We ___137___ (eat) ut fr the Spring Festival family dinner fr the last three years, and we have enjyed it n less than eating at hme. I dn’t understand ___138___ sme peple refuse t embrace the change.
Can’t they admit that the ___139___ (preparatin) fr the dinner are hard wrk? I really dn’t think ___140___ is wrth the effrt f spending s much time preparing fr a single meal, and then anther hur cleaning up the mess ___141___ it’s ver. We wrk all year, s why can’t ne day be abut spending time with family and ___142___ (relax)?
Eating ut is a gd chice and it has nthing t d with lss f traditins. We still have the dinner with the same peple, just in a different place. The ccasin is mre ___143___ (enjy) withut all that tiring cking, and the dishes taste better!
In my pinin, what r where we eat n Spring Festival Eve really ___144___ (make) n difference. Eating ut may change the frm f this traditin, but the lve between the family members sitting arund the table tgether remains ____145____ same.
真題演練
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (陽臺(tái)), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1. 2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the __________ (fall) child.
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
5（2022年浙江卷1月）That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans ____________（cntinue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really psitive change."
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）China's Natinal Highway 318, ________ ver 5,000 kilmeters frm Shanghai t Zhangmu, Tibet, is knwn as the "heavenly rad“ fr its amazing views.
A．t extendB．extendedC．extendingD．being extended
2. （2021年全國甲卷短文改錯(cuò)） ….. Their answers als shw that they dislike talk t thers……...
3. （2021年全國乙卷語法填空） …. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
Minimize the impact f ___67___(visit)the place.
……
Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(遠(yuǎn)足)and accmmdatins aim ___70____(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in wmen and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the gegraphy f BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 35．(sharp).
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 36． (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【2020年】
1.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
2.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷）I like eating frying tmates with eggs, and I thught it must t be easy t ck.
3. （2020·新課標(biāo)I卷）My mm tld me hw t preparing it
4. （2020·新課標(biāo)II卷）They represent the earth 63． (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
5. （2020·新課標(biāo)II卷）They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65． (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
6. （2020·新課標(biāo)II卷）They are easy 68． (care) fr and make great presents.
7. （2020·新課標(biāo)III卷）The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67． (find) the well-knwn painter.
8. （2020·新課標(biāo)III卷）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69． (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
9.(2020·山東卷) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模擬) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43．(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
10. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60．(change)lives.
11. (2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
12. （2020·江蘇卷）Technlgical innvatins, ____ gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts.
A. cmbined with B. cmbining withC. having cmbined with D. t be cmbined with
13．（2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
A．Having cmpletedB．Being cmpleted
C．CmpletedD．Cmpleting
14.（2020·天津卷)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin ____________ ecnmic grwth.
A．t be prmtedB．being prmtedC．prmtingD．t prmte
15．（2020·天津卷)______ us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
A．T helpB．HelpedC．HelpingD．Being helped
【2019年】
1.【2019·江蘇卷】 __________ the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
A. T enjyB. EnjyingC. T have enjyedD. Enjy
2.【2019·天津卷】____________ t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A. LearnB. Learned
C. LearningD. Having learned
3.【2019·江蘇卷】China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries__________ its rle in internatinal affairs.
A. recgnizingB. being recgnizedC. t be recgnizedD. recgnized
4.【2019·天津卷】The prfessr warned tie students that n n accunt _____________ use mbile phnes in his class.
A. shuld theyB. they shuld
C. dare theyD. they dare
5.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
6.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
7.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball.
8.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
9.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
10.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
11.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷】On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
12.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷】On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
13.【2019·浙江卷】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
14.【2019·浙江卷】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
15.【2019·北京卷】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】_________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2.【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
A. share B. t share C. having shared D. shared
3.【2018·北京】Ordinary sap, _________ crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. t use C. using D. use
4.【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______ it.
A. t eat；t try B. eating；trying
C. eating；t try D. t eat； trying
5.【2018·天津】 I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
6.【2018·江蘇】Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, _______ the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. t exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
7.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
8.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.
9.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
10.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
11.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷】Everyne was silent, wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.
12.【2018·浙江卷】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, _____ mre patients t be treated.
A. being allwed B. allwing C. having allwed D. allwed
2.【2017·天津】I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching B. caught C. t catch D. t be caught
3.【2017·江蘇卷】 Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputatins ver centuries, are facing new challenges frm the mdern market.
A. having develped B. being develped
C. develped D. develping
4.【2017·北京卷】Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline ______ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. t save D. saved
5.【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. t spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】 ________ it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. T make
2.【2016·北京】______ ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
A. Ordering B. T rder
C. Having rdered D. Ordered
3.【2016·北京】Newly-built wden cttages line the street, ________ the ld twn int a dreamland.
A. turn B. turningC. t turn D. turned
4.【2016·江蘇】In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message________within the wrk.
A. t hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden
5.【2016·天津】The cling wind swept thrugh ut bedrm windws, ____ air cnditining unnecessary.
A. making B. t make C. made D. being made
6.【2016·浙江】T return t the prblem f water pllutin , I'd like yu t lk at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.
A. having cnducted B. t be cnducted C. cnducting D. cnducted
7.【2016·浙江】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d with students.
A. wrking B. wrk C. t wrk D. wrked
學(xué)習(xí)評價(jià)：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
非謂語動(dòng)詞
主動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
意義
不定
一般式
t d
t be dne
其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生
式
進(jìn)行式
t be ding
其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
其表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前
現(xiàn)在
分詞/
動(dòng)名
詞
一般式
ding
being dne
其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生
完成式
having dne
having been dne
其表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生
過去分詞
一般式
dne
與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成
ding
被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系
There were millins f peplewatchingthe pening ceremny live n TV.有幾百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。
being
dne
被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行
The questinbeing discussednw is very imprtant.現(xiàn)在正在被討論的問題很重要。
dne
被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成
I’d like yu t lk at a studycnductedin Australia in 2012.我想讓你們看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。

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