話題二 家庭、朋友與周圍的人
家庭、朋友與周圍的人（Family，friends and peple arund）屬于《義務教育英語課程標準（2011年版）》話題項目表中第二個話題，二級子話題分別為家人和親友（Family and relatives）、朋友（Friends）、其他人（Other peple）。家庭、朋友與周圍的人都是我們平時生活中最親近的人，想要自如地表達關(guān)于家庭、朋友與周圍的人的內(nèi)容，需要掌握以下知識點。
【觀察】① Thse are my parents. ② Oh, and these are my brthers. ③ Kate, this is my friend Jane. ④ That’s my grandfather.
【拓展】（1）回答主語是this 或that 的疑問句時，在答語中用it來代替問句中的this 或that；回答主語是these或 thse的問句時，在答語中用they來代替問句中的these或 thse。
（2）在電話用語中，常用this指自己，that指對方。
（3）比較級中可用that指代上文提到的同類事物，如果指代對象是復數(shù)，則用thse。
（1）—Hell, Linda speaking. Wh’s ___?—Hell, this is Martin.
A.heB.sheC.thatD.this
（2）—Is that Lucy’s ntebk?—Yes, ___ is.
A.itB.thatC.thseD.they
（3）（2021·綏化中考）The ppulatin f Suihua is much smaller than___ f Harbin.
A.itB.neC.that
根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。
（4）這些是我的筆。__________ my pens.
（5）我是瑪麗。________ Mary speaking.
【觀察】① We hpe t see yu again. = We hpe that we can see yu again. ② I hpe yu can help me with my math. 【探究】hpe作動詞，意為“希望”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：hpe t d sth.希望做某事。hpe之后還可接that 從句，意為“希望……”。
【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。
（1）她說她希望見到她的女兒。 She said she hped _______her daughter.
（2）我希望你能成功。 I ______________ yu can succeed.
【觀察】① Peple will have rbts in their hmes. ② I shall be eighteen years ld next year. ③ I’m ging t visit the Great Wall.
【探究】一般將來時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+will/shall/be ging t+動詞原形。 一般將來時的標志詞：later,sn,in a mnth（in+一段時間）,next time,frm nw n,tmrrw等。
一般將來時的常見用法：（1）表示在將來的某個時候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（指客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情）。如： The cncert will start in a minute.
（2）“be ging t+動詞原形”表示計劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的、很可能發(fā)生的事或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事（指主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情）。如： What are yu ging t d next Sunday? Lk at the dark cluds. There is ging t be a strm.
【拓展】一般將來時的其他用法：
（1）“be abut t+動詞原形”和“be t+動詞原形”，表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為“很快；馬上”。如： The train is abut t start.
（2）g, cme, leave, stay, start, begin 等可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。如： She is ging there tmrrw.
（3）表示按規(guī)定或時間表預計將發(fā)生的動作可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況。如： We’re ging t Changchun. Our plane takes ff at 8：10.
（4）在 if, as sn as, until, when 等引導的時間狀語從句中，若主句為一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： If it desn’t rain this afternn, we’ll have a ftball match.
（1）My sister is cming t my hme tday. She___ with me fr a week.
A.staysB.stayedC.has stayedD.will stay
（2）（2021·賀州中考）I dn’t knw if Lucy t Jack’s party next Sunday. If she___, s will I.
A.ges; gesB.will g; will gC.ges; will gD.will g; ges
（3）（2023·達州中考）—I wnder if Li Hua t the hspital t receive COVID-19 vaccinatins（疫苗接種）.—I’m sure he will if he ___ time.
A.ges; will haveB.will g; hasC.will g; will haveD.ges; has
（4）—Let’s discuss the plan, shall we？—Nt nw. I ___ an interview.
A.am havingB.wuld haveC.am ging t haveD.was ging t have
（5）The ship ___ in 10 minutes.
A.leftB.is leftC.leavesD.has left
4. 辨析 there be與have
【觀察】① There will be nly ne persn t get the mney. ② There is ging t be a sprts meeting next week. ③ I have tw bks and a pen. ④ He has a big family.
【探究】（1）there be 句型表示“存在；有”，即什么地方或什么時間存在什么人物或事物。其中 be 動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和單復數(shù)變化。如果有兩個或兩個以上的詞作主語，be 動詞要和最靠近它的那個詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
（2）there be 句型的將來時為： there will be 或者 there is ging t be，其中be動詞永遠都是原形。
（3）have/has 則表示“某人擁有某物”。當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用 has; 其他人稱作主語時，謂語動詞用 have。
（1）There ___ a by and tw girls n the playgrund.
A.areB.hasC.isD.have
（2）There ___ a new supermarket arund the crner next year.
A.isB.areC.will beD.will have
（3）My grandparents ___ 4 lvely pets.
A.haveB.there isC.hasD.there are
5. 辨析few, a few, little與a little
【觀察】① I knew few peple there. ② I have nly a few bks. ③ They have very little mney. ④ A little water is enugh. 【探究】few 和 a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，few 表示否定意義，a few 表示肯定意義；little 和 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little 表示否定意義，a little 表示肯定意義。
（1）This is a very ld sng, s___ yung peple knw it.
A.fewB.littleC.a fewD.a little
（2）There aren’t many ranges here, but yu can take ___ if yu want.
A.fewB.a fewC.a littleD.little
（3）Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already pen t traffic, s it will take us ___ time t g t Pudng Internatinal Airprt.
A.a fewB.fewerC.a littleD.less
（4）In rder t keep healthy, yu shuld eat fast fd,___ fresh vegetables and take enugh exercise.
A.fewer; fewerB.less; mreC.fewer; mreD.less; less
6. 辨析family, hme, rm與huse
【觀察】① Jeff’s family is having a yard sale. ② My family are watching TV nw. ③ He is studying at hme nw. ④ He is nt in the rm nw. ⑤ I want a big huse with a big garden.
【運用】用family, hme, rm 或huse 填空。
（1）I’d like t bk a ______ with a view f the lake.
（2）Linda bught a big ______ fr her parents in her hmetwn.
（3）Almst every _______ in the cuntry wns a televisin.
（4）Sally cnsiders Xi’an as her secnd ______ because she has lived there fr ten years.
【觀察】① My mm asked t g alne. ② He asks me nt t swim in the river. ③ If yu have questins, yu can ask the teacher fr help. ④ My teacher asked me abut my family.
（1）Jessica fund it difficult t remember new wrds. S she asked her teacher ___ advice.
A.frB.tC.atD.in
（2）These parents asked the teacher ___ the exam results f their children.
A.frB.byC.abutD.with
用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。
（3）My parents ask me nt ______（g） ut after 9 p.m. They think it’s t dangerus fr me.
8. 辨析bth與all
【觀察】 ① Bth my sister and I study in this middle schl. ② All Chinese peple are united t fight against COVID-19.
【運用】用bth或all填空。
（1）It’s ur dream t have less and less pllutin in ur city. I think _____ the gvernment and ur citizens shuld d smething fr it.
（2）____ the passengers must shw their ID cards and tickets t the statin wrkers when they get thrugh the railway statin entrance.
9. similar 的用法
【觀察】① We have very similar interests. ② My pinin is similar t yurs. ③ The tw cities are similar in many ways.
【探究】 （1） similar作形容詞，意為“相似的；類似的”，可在句中作定語或表語。
（2） 常用固定短語有：be similar t… “與……相似”,其反義短語是be different frm… “與……不同”；be similar in…“在……方面相似”。
（1）研究表明，成功的語言學習者在很多方面都是相似的。 Research shws that successful language learners _____________ many ways.
are similar in
（2）國與國之間的文化與風俗是不同的。 Cultures and custms are very _____________ cuntry t cuntry.
different frm
（3）我的觀點和我們班大部分學生的是相似的。 My pinin ____________ that f mst students in my class.
is similar t
根據(jù)下面對話中的情境，在每個空白處填入一個適當?shù)恼Z句，使對話恢復完整。 （Sue=S Ken=K） S: Hell, Ken! Can yu give me a lift? K:1._____________. I dn’t have a car right nw. S: Oh, that’s t bad! I want t g t the Central Hspital. K: Why? 2.___________?
Srry, I can’t
S: N, I’m all right. My English teacher is there. She is ill and has t stay in the hspital. K:3. _____________________. Why dn’t yu buy her sme flwers? S:4.__________________. I will buy sme flwers in the shp. K: That’s gd. And I can brrw a car and take yu there. S: Thank yu very much. K:5. _______________.
I’m srry t hear that
That’s a gd idea
Yu’re welcme
（2022·湘潭中考）親愛的同學，恭喜你即將畢業(yè)。在過去的三年初中學習中，你的老師教導、關(guān)心、幫助過你。請你選擇一位老師，表達你對他（她）的感激之情。 內(nèi)容包括：1.你對這位老師的印象；
2.你感謝他（她）的原因；
3.你對他（她）的祝福。
要求：1.可適當舉例或拓展；
2.文中不能出現(xiàn)可能透露真實身份的任何信息（如校名、師生名字等）；
3.詞數(shù)：不少于70。（開頭已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)。）
It’s time fr me t say gdbye t my junir schl life. I’m here t say thanks t_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
my English teacher Mr. Zhang. She is very kind and patient. She has helped me a lt in my studies since I came t this schl. When I was in truble, she used t encurage me and give me sme gd advice. At ne time I failed t pass an English test and I was very sad abut it. She came and cheered me up. She tld me sme gd ways t imprve my English. With her help, I have made great prgress in English. I’m s thankful t her fr her kind help that I will wrk harder and try t d better in the future. I hpe she will becme better and better.
（2023·衡陽中考改編）閱讀下面短文，理解大意，從所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文連貫完整。 Mna was a yung girl wh lived in India. One night she saw the mn climbing int the sky slwly. It was s beautiful! Suddenly, a shining line f light frm the mn danced right int . .1. . rm and said, “The ld wman n the mn invites yu fr a visit. Will yu cme with me? I will bring yu . .2. . in a few days.”
Mna was very excited and . .3. . with the mnbeam （一縷月光）. Stars and planets hurried past them. At last they reached the tp f a muntain. The mnbeam finally stpped at the entrance f a beautiful castle which was made f mnstnes. A very ld wman, whse white flwing hair almst tuched the grund . .4. . greeted the girl. She said, “Yu are the first human whm I have ever met. I have been here fr millins f years. I am s . .5. .. Please tell me abut yur life.”
Mna was a kind girl and she had cmpassin （同情） fr the ld wman. In the fllwing days she stayed with the ld wman and tld her abut the life n . .6. .. Suddenly, Mna felt smene was pushing her. Then she pened her eyes and saw her mm. Her mther said t her, “Mna, wake up! Yu have . .7. .the whle day. Cme and have sme fd.” Later n, Mna tk part in a writing cmpetitin in her schl. Mna wrte abut her wnderful dream . .8. . wn first prize. Mna’s
parents were very happy with . .9. . their daughter achieved and encuraged her t keep n writing. Sn Mna became a . .10. . and wrte many gd stries fr children.
1.( )A.myB.herC.hisD.its
2.( )A.dwnB.upC.backD.fr
3.( )A.put ffB.set ffC.get ffD.take ff
4.( )A.gentlyB.angrilyC.implitelyD.ludly
5.( )A.wrriedB.lnelyC.nervusD.sad
6.( )A.earthB.mnC.grundD.sun
7.( )A.studiedB.sleptC.playedD.wrked
8.( )A.andB.rC.butD.s
9.( )A.hwB.thatC.whatD.which
10.( )A.dctrB.writerC.teacherD.nurse
（2022·衡陽中考改編）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Parents can be very imprtant teachers in ur lives. 1. ___Parents may be t clse t their children emtinally （感情上）. Smetimes they can nly see their children thrugh the eyes f a prtectr. 2. ___ Hwever, it might seem t dangerus fr a parent.
Anther prblem is that parents may expect their children’s interests t be similar t their wn. 3. ___ But what if their children’s true lve is art r writing, r car repair? Parents usually want t pass n their values t their children. But shuld children always believe what their parents d?4. ___ But when they get lder, they will have different ways f thinking. The mst imprtant thing t realize is that we all have many teachers in ur lives. Our parents teach us, ur teachers teach us, and ur friends teach us. 5. ___All f them are valuable.
用方框中所給單詞的適當形式填空，使短文完整正確。（每個單詞限用一次，每空限填一個單詞。）
Hi Alice, My name’s Zha Ming and I’d like t be yur pen friend. I’m 16 years ld. I have tw little brthers. They’re very 1._______. I ften help
my 2._______ lk after them in my spare time. My mther 3._______ in a ty shp. She lves 4.____ jb. And my father 5.___ an engineer. He is busy every day. He 6._____ t spend mre time with us. I’m in the schl basketball team. We usually play 7.________ n Saturday mrnings. Last week, we played against anther schl. They ran 8.______ than us. Hwever, we had better teamwrk. Finally, we 9._____! Hw happy we were! This is the 10._______ time we have beaten them.
Culd yu tell me smething abut yu?Best regards,Zha Ming
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。 At 5: 30 a.m., when the sky just begins t brighten, a thin persn with a bk in hand, is waiting fr students in the classrm. Liu Xiuxiang, 34, is a histry teacher at Wangm Experimental High Schl. Since 2012, Liu has been teaching in his hmetwn, Guizhu Prvince. Given the title f “mst beautiful teacher” in 2020, Liu was als chsen as a delegate（代表）t the 20th CPC Natinal Cngress（中國共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國代表大會）．
“ I’m just ne f the tens f thusands f teachers in the muntains. I will nt nly give mre attentin t the students,but als help prvide hpe t the teachers in these areas, ” Liu said. When Liu was 4, his father died f an illness. Liu had t get mney fr his studies and take care f his mther all by himself. In 2008, Liu came t Linyi University in Shandng Prvince t study histry. During cllege, besides studying and taking care f his mther, he tk n many part-time jbs. When Liu graduated（畢業(yè)）in 2012,he decided t becme a teacher in his hmetwn. “I want t tell the children frm pr families that, whenever they face difficulties, they must hld n t their dreams. It will help them a lt.” “My teaching dream is t give up n n ne; every child shuld have a better future, ” Liu said.
1.What did Liu Xiuxiang d during cllege? He _______at schl, ____________his mther and______________________.
did many part-time jbs
2.What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t? It refers t _________________________.
hlding n t their dreams
3.What did Liu Xiuxiang d after graduating frm cllege in 2012? He ________________________and________________.
returned t his hmetwn
became a teacher
4.Frm the last paragraph what d yu think f Liu Xiuxiang? He is a _____persn wh is willing t devte himself t__________________________.
teaching students knwledge

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