專題1.03 源語(yǔ)篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)與視角解讀-2024年新高考英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫提分技能-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

知識(shí)回顧
1
敘事研究關(guān)注的是故事在敘事時(shí)的技巧，即故事是“如何寫的”而不是“寫了什么”。敘事結(jié)構(gòu)要素主要包括：（1）敘述者：敘述者與作者不同，作者是寫故事的人，敘事者是指說(shuō)故事的人，這兩者是有區(qū)別的。（2）敘事視角：即有誰(shuí)來(lái)看待這個(gè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展---作者在寫故事時(shí)，一定會(huì)選擇一個(gè)角度切入，從這個(gè)角度來(lái)觀察事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，并帶有自身的情感因素，使得讀者在閱讀時(shí)跟誰(shuí)著他們的角度去了解整個(gè)事件。（3）敘事節(jié)奏：故事文本中包含兩種時(shí)間，即事件時(shí)間與敘述時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的敘事節(jié)奏包括概述、擴(kuò)述、省略等。（4）敘事時(shí)序：一篇故事通常包含兩種時(shí)序，一個(gè)是事件發(fā)生的順序，一般是由事件發(fā)生的原因、事件發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)、事件發(fā)生的結(jié)果構(gòu)成，基本不會(huì)出現(xiàn)顛倒的情況。另一個(gè)是故事敘述的順序，可以與事件發(fā)生的順序不相一致。
通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)分析來(lái)把握敘事的主題與意義是敘事分析模式的重要貢獻(xiàn)。構(gòu)建敘事分析模式旨在為重建敘事文本的深層結(jié)構(gòu)意義提供方法上的指導(dǎo)，這種研究不再?gòu)哪硞€(gè)具體故事出發(fā)，而是關(guān)注研究故事的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，由此突出故事自身的抽象性質(zhì)。常見(jiàn)的故事敘述模式結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
表1：故事語(yǔ)篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)
（1）故事山 (Stry Muntain) 模式：介紹--- 發(fā)展---沖突---解決---結(jié)尾。
（2）敘述圖示 (Narratin Schema) 模式：引子---情節(jié)---高潮---尾聲。
（3）拉波夫 (Labv) 模式：點(diǎn)題---指向 ---進(jìn)展---評(píng)議--- 結(jié)局---回應(yīng) (cda)
拉波夫結(jié)構(gòu)模式中進(jìn)展是故事按時(shí)間先后順序的呈現(xiàn)，回答先發(fā)生了什么，后發(fā)生了什么，故事隨著時(shí)間的推移不斷地演變，呈現(xiàn)出線性結(jié)構(gòu)，讓讀者有一條清晰可循的思路。顯然，拉波夫結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的進(jìn)展部分概括了故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的“發(fā)展---沖突---解決” 以及敘述圖式結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的 “情節(jié)---高潮”，不同的是故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式和敘述圖示結(jié)構(gòu)模式更強(qiáng)調(diào)沖突或者高潮，能更好解釋純故事語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)程式性特征。相較于敘述圖式結(jié)構(gòu)模式，故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式更加強(qiáng)調(diào)沖突的解決，更加適合解釋沖突得以解決的故事語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)程式性特征。因此以上三種結(jié)構(gòu)模式分別適合解釋不同類型故事語(yǔ)篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)程式。
語(yǔ)篇的事件的發(fā)展是沿著一定的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)與敘述角度展開(kāi)的。特別是記敘類的文章，作者在語(yǔ)篇中一定事先設(shè)定好敘述的視角，即站在誰(shuí)的角度進(jìn)行敘述。
表2：故事情節(jié)的敘述視角
方法策略
2
讀后續(xù)寫是一種寫作訓(xùn)練方法，它給予學(xué)生一定長(zhǎng)度的英語(yǔ)閱讀材料，抹去文章的中間和結(jié)尾部分，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所讀材料，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行續(xù)寫工作，補(bǔ)全內(nèi)容。它是借助上下文，通過(guò)人與閱讀材料之間發(fā)生的互動(dòng)協(xié)同作用來(lái)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生寫作能力的一種方法。在讀后續(xù)寫實(shí)踐中，要強(qiáng)化敘事與論說(shuō)的協(xié)同。
英語(yǔ)敘事文體與論說(shuō)文體寫作的共同特征
主題觀點(diǎn)一致性。文章主題與作者觀點(diǎn)是貫穿于整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇理解中的核心因素，敘事和論說(shuō)的主題與觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)在續(xù)寫過(guò)程中與原文語(yǔ)篇相互協(xié)調(diào)，趨于一致，才能有效地保持文章的主題延續(xù)與觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一。若在閱讀與寫作的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)主題觀點(diǎn)偏頗或相左，則無(wú)法保持語(yǔ)篇中主題和態(tài)度的連貫性與合理性。
內(nèi)容信息完整性。在敘事文體中，故事遵循記敘文體特征，其續(xù)寫部分應(yīng)保留原文所出現(xiàn)的人物、情節(jié)和場(chǎng)景信息；論說(shuō)文體則需建立在原文論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的判斷基礎(chǔ)上，延續(xù)原文的論述主張，并提出與原文觀點(diǎn)相符的新論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)。因此，兩種文體的“讀后續(xù)寫”必須模仿并遵循原文文本信息，并進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)性、創(chuàng)造性的語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容協(xié)同，使全文內(nèi)容保持完整性。
邏輯思維合理性。邏輯思維的合理性體現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)原文與續(xù)寫段落之間的概念梳理、邏輯推理和因果關(guān)系等情境判斷之中。敘事文體續(xù)寫需保持與原文人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、因果關(guān)系一致的情節(jié)安排合理性，論說(shuō)文體則維系原文論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證所與其續(xù)寫部分的邏輯相符性，均展現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇層面上讀后續(xù)寫的邏輯協(xié)同特征。
語(yǔ)言連接順暢性。讀后續(xù)寫既是模仿，又是創(chuàng)造。在語(yǔ)篇材料閱讀的過(guò)程中，學(xué)生習(xí)得原文用語(yǔ)，并在表達(dá)新內(nèi)容的同時(shí)，創(chuàng)造性地模仿源語(yǔ)文本。在敘事文體和論說(shuō)文體都可出現(xiàn)詞塊與句型的重復(fù)運(yùn)用，同時(shí)，在語(yǔ)篇中適當(dāng)運(yùn)用表達(dá)時(shí)間、因果或遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系的連接詞，使前后語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言連接自然，行文流暢。
文章體裁統(tǒng)一性。無(wú)論是哪種文體的英語(yǔ)文章，原文與續(xù)寫的文章體裁必須保持一致。敘事文體的記敘性，論說(shuō)文體的說(shuō)理性，應(yīng)在閱讀與續(xù)寫中相互協(xié)同互動(dòng)，延續(xù)其文體特征和寫作手法，保持其語(yǔ)篇體裁的統(tǒng)一性。
歷年高考中以凸顯沖突為主要目的的純故事語(yǔ)篇情節(jié)跌宕起伏，實(shí)現(xiàn)戲劇性效果。其語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)程式可概括為 “介紹---發(fā)展---沖突---矛盾解決---結(jié)局”。以凸顯主題為主要目的故事語(yǔ) 篇，其情節(jié)一般比較平緩且沒(méi)有高潮，在陳述中通過(guò)體現(xiàn)故事事件之間的先后、因果等關(guān)系而展開(kāi)。該類故事語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)程式可概括為 “指向---進(jìn)展---結(jié)局”。高考讀后續(xù)寫所給語(yǔ)篇一般而言是簡(jiǎn)短故事文本，不是復(fù)雜文學(xué)文本。有主題故事語(yǔ)篇的主題比較單一，通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單敘事實(shí)現(xiàn)主題凸顯；純故事性的語(yǔ)篇?jiǎng)t一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)主題的表達(dá)，且沖突聚焦。此外，此類語(yǔ)篇篇章結(jié)構(gòu)程式性強(qiáng)，情節(jié)上沒(méi)有太多回環(huán)往復(fù)，一般不會(huì)節(jié)外生枝。
▲讀后續(xù)寫中的敘事進(jìn)程分析及寫作構(gòu)思
拉波夫敘事分析模式對(duì)于學(xué)生從整體語(yǔ)篇分析的視角進(jìn)行閱讀具有很強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)性，有利于提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇分析能力，加強(qiáng)文本理解的品質(zhì)。上文利用拉波夫的敘事分析模式對(duì)該續(xù)寫語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行宏觀分析后，學(xué)生能更好地把握作者所述故事的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，更加明確地認(rèn)識(shí)故事的主題、發(fā)展及作者的情感態(tài)度，為接下來(lái)的續(xù)寫活動(dòng)奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。
Once upn a time, there was a beautiful twn and a cuple f lvers wuld ften stay n the tp f the muntain, enjying the sunrise and by the sea appreciating the sunset. Everyne wh knew them culdn’t help envying them fr their happy lve.
One day the man was seriusly injured and lying in hspital fr many days withut any cnsciusness. The wman guarded him by the bed in daytime calling his name nnstp and at night, she wuld g t the church and pray t Gd until her tears ran ut. A mnth passed by and the man was still sleeping. Finally, Gd was s mved by her persistence that he wuld like t d her a special favr.
Gd said, “I can help yur lver recver n cnditin that yu prmise t be a butterfly fr three years. D yu agree with that deal?”She said excitedly and firmly, “Yes, I d! Never will I regret ding that.”
The next day, the wman was transfrmed int a butterfly, flying hurriedly t the hspital. It turned ut that the man came t his cnsciusness and wke up, talking with a dctr.She culd nt hear what they were talking abut because she culdn’t fly int the rm. What she culd d was t watch her belved thrugh the windws helplessly.
Anther spring came and the butterfly was in a hurry t fly back t see the man, nly t find that there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that mment she was s shcked that she almst fell dwn frm the sky. She culd hardly believe her eyes. It was said that the man was seriusly ill during Christmas and that that pretty female dctr tk care f him and that finally they fell in sweet lve. The butterfly felt heartbrken. In the fllwing days, she ften saw the man take the wman t the tp muntain t enjy the sunrise and t the seaside t appreciate the sunset. All these shuld have belnged t her. But nw they belnged t anther wman.
注意：
1. 所續(xù)寫的短文詞數(shù)應(yīng)為 150 左右；
3. 續(xù)寫部分分為二段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已經(jīng)為你寫好。
Paragraph 1:
The butterfly culd d nthing but rest n the man’s shulder ff and n.

Paragraph 2:
Gd als felt sad and sighed t the butterfly,

敘事進(jìn)程分析及拓展策略舉例：
1.定位故事主題，尋找點(diǎn)題主線
點(diǎn)題是文章作者在敘事之前對(duì)要講的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的概述，會(huì)告訴讀者到底發(fā)生了什么故事。點(diǎn)題不僅能使文章中心突出，主題鮮明，而且能給讀者留下深刻的印象。在上述讀后續(xù)寫中，學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)閱讀能很快就能判斷點(diǎn)題出現(xiàn)在文章的第一段并可能將其概括為：Once upn a time,there was a cuple f lvers whse lve was envied by everyne wh knew them. 通過(guò)鎖定文章的點(diǎn)題，學(xué)生就知道了作者要講述的是一對(duì)戀人之間的愛(ài)情故事，從而對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體概貌有了初步的整體感知。
2.分析敘事成分，明確目的指向
指向是敘事者對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、活動(dòng)或情景等故事要素的交代。有時(shí)指向的部分要素會(huì)連同點(diǎn) 題出現(xiàn)在文章的首段或首句。課堂教學(xué)中，教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出故事里所涉獵到的各種要素。例如，上述續(xù)寫中，故事中出現(xiàn)的人物有一對(duì)戀人、一位女醫(yī)生和上帝；時(shí)間是很久以前；地點(diǎn)是在一個(gè)漂亮的小鎮(zhèn)上；背景是男戀人病重后在醫(yī)院住院看病。指向?qū)⒐适碌幕疽刂鹨怀尸F(xiàn)，能讓學(xué)生對(duì)事件形成畫面感和代入感，有利于他們對(duì)故事的理解和體會(huì)。因此，厘清這些要素對(duì)于把握故事的發(fā)展走向具有重大的作用。
3.推敲故事進(jìn)展，推測(cè)發(fā)展方向
進(jìn)展是指故事中的情節(jié)是如何向前推進(jìn)的，是決定故事精彩與否的最重要因素，是敘事語(yǔ)篇的核心部分。例如，上述續(xù)寫中表示進(jìn)展部分的關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)句及其發(fā)展順序：男戀人生病住院寅女戀人日夜陪在身邊寅女戀人去教堂向上帝祈禱寅男戀人依然昏迷不醒寅上帝提供幫助寅女戀人變成蝴蝶寅男戀人恢復(fù)意識(shí)并清醒過(guò)來(lái)寅男戀人和女醫(yī)生相愛(ài)了寅男戀人帶女醫(yī)生去欣賞日出日落寅蝴蝶心碎不已。通過(guò)分析故事的進(jìn)展，可以看到情節(jié)不斷地向前發(fā)展演進(jìn)，學(xué)生對(duì)于文章的理解也更加深入透徹。
4.感受敘事評(píng)議，合理拓展情感
評(píng)議是敘事者或者故事中相關(guān)的人物對(duì)事件的看法、態(tài)度和心理，包含對(duì)故事的起因、結(jié)果以及過(guò)程中事件要點(diǎn)的評(píng)議。語(yǔ)篇的第四段有一處評(píng)議：“What she culd d was t watch her belved thrugh the windws helplessly.”作者用 helplessly 一詞表現(xiàn)了蝴蝶對(duì)于不能靠近自己為之祈禱守護(hù)的男戀人的百般無(wú)奈。第五段也有一處評(píng)議：“Anther spring came and the butterfly was in a hurry t fly back t see the man, nly t find that there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that mment she was s shcked that she almst fell dwn frm the sky. She culd hardly believe her eyes.”作者用 nly t find 這一短語(yǔ)表達(dá)了蝴蝶發(fā)現(xiàn)男戀人已結(jié)新歡后的那種意外和天塌下來(lái)一樣的絕望。分析故事中的評(píng)議，有助于學(xué)生感受主人公的內(nèi)心世界，理解作者的寫作意圖。
5.合理設(shè)置情節(jié)，推動(dòng)故事進(jìn)展
根據(jù)續(xù)寫第一段首句 “The butterfly culd d nthing but rest n the man’s shulder ff and n. ”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思考，聽(tīng)到曾經(jīng)的摯愛(ài)和別人歡聲笑語(yǔ)、鶯燕呢喃，蝴蝶會(huì)做何感想？蝴蝶是為了男戀人才變成現(xiàn)在的自己，而男戀人卻愛(ài)上了別人。蝴蝶本身微小無(wú)力，不能講話，她是獨(dú)自默默忍受這一切痛苦還是通過(guò)抗?fàn)巵?lái)奪回自己的摯愛(ài)呢？因此續(xù)寫第一段，學(xué)生可以通過(guò)心理描寫和動(dòng)作描寫把蝴蝶的內(nèi)心矛盾淋漓盡致地展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，也可以把蝴蝶勇敢?jiàn)Z愛(ài)的過(guò)程寫出來(lái)，從而將原文的進(jìn)展推向高潮。
6.基于敘述視角，合理設(shè)置結(jié)局
結(jié)局是指故事發(fā)展到最后是怎樣的一個(gè)結(jié)果。它是對(duì)故事核心矛盾的一個(gè)交代，標(biāo)志著敘事的結(jié)束，包含人物的下場(chǎng)、目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)或失敗。在續(xù)寫尾段中，學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造出合情合理的結(jié)局，解決故事中出現(xiàn)的主要矛盾。而回應(yīng)是敘事者通過(guò)所述故事揭示出一定的道理，是對(duì)故事主題的升華。為了使讀者或聽(tīng)眾對(duì)故事有一個(gè)完整的了解，敘事者往往在故事的結(jié)尾用一兩句話照應(yīng)主題。但是有時(shí)候，敘事者會(huì)把故事的意義留給讀者自己去體會(huì)和思考，因此并不是所有的記敘文都有回應(yīng)這一要素，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的情況來(lái)選擇寫或不寫。續(xù)寫尾段首句是 Gd als felt sad and sighed t the butterfly,“D yu regret fr what yu have dne?”上帝看到蝴蝶悲傷欲絕、萎靡不振的狀態(tài)，也感嘆地問(wèn)她是否后悔為男戀人所做的一切？那么結(jié)局到底怎么設(shè)定呢？后悔還是不后悔？學(xué)生可以進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴，發(fā)揮想象，只要能自圓其說(shuō)即可。
實(shí)踐強(qiáng)化
3
基礎(chǔ)演練
A
（2022·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I pened the package cntaining individually wrapped Leg sets fr my tw bys frm Lisa, wh was a nurse in New Hampshire. We used t be ttal strangers, but an incident made us less strange.
Last August, we drve frm ur hme in Washingtn, DC, t New Hampshire. It was just me, my husband, and ur tw kids ut fr a nice, safe, scially distanced week away.
We had hiked abut half a mile t a ppular spt called Diana’s Baths, where the water falls ff a series f flat huge rcks like an M. C．Escher drawing. The baths were full f families, s we made ur way t ne f the upper levels f rck t keep ur distance.
Bth where we sat and dwn belw, the water fell int small pls, where kids in swimsuits were splashing arund. I watched as sme yunger parents nervusly prtected their tddlers away frm the rcks edges, feeling grateful that I was ut f that stage, fr ur kids, at six and eight, culd navigate their physical space with mre cnfidence. Dn’t get me wrng: I was still terrified as I saw my tw bys jump between the slippery rcks. But sn I relaxed and we were all having fun, splashing in the pls, my kids laughing as my husband swam under the cld running water. Then, secnds later, every fear I’d ever had rse t the surface.
I turned and saw my sn Wyatt sitting dwn between tw rcks in a fast-mving stream. I yelled at him t get ut and he yelled back smething that I culdn’t hear, and then he disappeared ver the edge!
All I remember frm the mments after is screaming, ver and ver! “Smebdy help my sn! ” I didn’t even knw what help he needed, because I culdn’t frce myself t lk.
My husband was already sprinting dwn the rcks. I cntinued t scream fr help. Hwever, it did nt wrk. Everyne else lked n frm a distance, t afraid r unbthered t help.
注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
A brwn-haired wmen with a mask was the nly exceptin.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The rescue team finally came and tk Wyatt ut f the park n a stretcher (擔(dān)架).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
故事發(fā)展的階段分析導(dǎo)引
【答案】
A brwn-haired wmen with a mask was the nly exceptin. This wman didn’t hesitate. In fact, by the time I had climbed dwn the rcks and my husband had pulled Wyatt ut f the water, she had already called 911. She tld me that she was a nurse. She gave Wyatt a red, white, and blue striped twel t put under his head. I finally had the chance t ask her name. “ Lisa, ” she said, “ and I’m nt leaving yu. ”
The rescue team finally came and tk Wyatt ut f the park n a stretcher. An ambulance tk us t a hspital. As sn as I knew that Wyatt was ging t be OK, my thughts fell t Lisa. If she had nt stepped up, wuld smene else have dne s? Perhaps. But she was the ne wh went tward the unthinkable instead f turning away.
【寫作解析】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi)，講述了我們?nèi)页鲩T游玩的過(guò)程中，我兒子落水，遇到好心的護(hù)士幫忙救助的故事。
1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“唯一的例外是一個(gè)戴著口罩的棕色頭發(fā)的女人?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼戇@個(gè)女人幫我們的過(guò)程。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“救援隊(duì)終于來(lái)了，用擔(dān)架把懷亞特抬出了公園”可知，第二段可描寫作者回憶Lisa幫助我們的過(guò)程。
2.續(xù)寫線索：
緊忙呼救——女士來(lái)幫忙——救援隊(duì)到來(lái)——帶兒子去醫(yī)院——兒子得救——感慨
3.詞匯激活
行為類：①拉：pull/drag/haul；②說(shuō)：tell/say；③喊：scream/shut/yell
情緒類：不可想象的：unthinkable/unimaginable
【典型句式】
[句型1] If she had nt stepped up, wuld smene else have dne s?（if虛擬條件句）
[句型2] But she was the ne wh went tward the unthinkable instead f turning away.（wh引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）
綜合演練
B
1．（2022·山東臨沂·二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
These days, Marathn des Sables runners carry a GPS tracking device and helicpters mnitr their path t make sure n ne gets lst, but when Maur, a plice fficer, participated fr the first time in 1994, there were n such safeguards in place. When yu’re running thrugh the largest desert n Earth, ne wrng turn can cst yu yur life. Maur Prsperi did just that during the Marathn des Sables, a six-day ultramarathn that many regard as the tughest ft race in the wrld.
The race was almst 156 miles lng, taking runners acrss sand dunes (沙丘) with few natural surces f water. Temperatures in the Sahara culd reach as high as 122 degrees Fahrenheit, and each runner carried ver 20 punds f fd, water, and emergency supplies n their backs. Mst f these runners wuldn’t end up finishing the race, which was abut the same length as six regular marathns.
That was hw, n the furth and lngest days f the race, the runner Maur encuntered a severe sandstrm that turned him arund and sent him wildly ff curse.
He spent eight hurs waiting ut the strm, huddled in a sand dune. The next mrning, he expected t see rescuers heading his way. Instead, all he saw was desert in all directins. “After running fr abut fr hurs, I climbed up a dune and still culdn’t see anything,” he said. “That’s when I knew I had a big prblem.”
A search party was rganized t find Maur, but rescuers had n idea he had been s far ff curse. Twice a helicpter circled ver his head, and twice they didn’t see him wildly waving at them frm belw. He sent up his nly flare (照明彈) and even set his backpack n fire hping t catch their attentin, but it was n use.
When Maur’s water ran ut, he began drinking his wn urine. He fund a marabut shrine, an ancient building that nce served as a tmb. He tk shelter frm the sun’s rays there, drinking the bld f bats.
注意：
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
With his energy running ut, he thught, “I am bund t die here”.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After being treated in the hspital fr weakness, he made a full recvery!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
With his energy running ut, he thught “I am bund t die here”. Feeling exhausted and desperate, Maur left a gdbye nte t his wife n the wall f the tmb and prepared t meet his untimely end. But at the thught f his family in the remte city, he wke up with new reslve and decided t face the challenge himself. S Maur set ff nce mre and hunted fr insects and snakes t eat. By cincidence, Maur walked int the camp f a nmadic tribe. They tk him in and gave him gat’s milk and mint tea, eventually delivering him t safety.
After being treated in the hspital fr weakness, he made a full recvery! His survival stry is a jurney f desperatin and almst superhuman endurance! Mst peple wuld never set ft in the desert again after such an experience, but nt Maur. Incredibly, he has nw run the Marathn des Sables mre than six times! Maur’s stry reminds us that perseverance can help us push thrugh just abut anything life thrws at us! In spite f the bad situatin, he fund a way t carry n.
2．（2022·湖南·二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Matt is ten years ld and always nervus abut smething. When the night sneaks up n him, he lies in bed with the blanket tightly up arund his chin. The shadws n the edge f the ceiling make him slide deeper under the cver. And tnight is n exceptin. That’s why his mther left the light n in the hallway. T frighten away strange nises.
But that’s nt all that’s wrng with Matt. He is als very unhappy. In the daytime he watches everyne pass by. He ntices adults carry their briefcases n their way t wrk. He even wrries abut hw hard they have t wrk. He sees ladies hlding umbrellas in case the rain cmes in the afternn. He thinks a hurricane r a terrible rainstrm might cme.
Matt always thinks the wrst. He even lingers behind ther children n their way t schl. Sme play friendly tricks n each ther and tease and hller in lud vices. Nt Matt. He has very few friends. In fact if he has t think very hard he can’t remember mre than tw. They live n the ther side f Trur. S he’s pretty much alne.
That day was very special fr Matt. He didn’t realize that his grandfather was watching him. He saw Matt g t schl and waited fr him t cme ut fr lunch. He watched Matt eat by himself n ne f the benches in the schlyard.
It was right near ne f Matt’s favrite squirrels. He watched as Matt mtined the squirrel t cme acrss the yard t sit with him. A black blur raced tward him and then jumped up n the bench t take the peanut treat. Grandfather saw this and was glad.
Over the next few days, Grandfather was able t bserve the kindness, which Matt had nt nly fr animals but fr peple as well. When Sally fell ff her bike and cut herself, Matt stayed with her until she was fixed up by her mther.
Mst f the neighbrhd children tk part in a Saturday baseball game with their parents. Matt was watching a few children play ball at Victria Park.
注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Matt never played because he thught he was nt gd enugh.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grandfather knew this and wanted t help Matt.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Matt never played because he thught he was nt gd enugh. He was afraid f making a mistake. He was ld enugh and big enugh but he was t afraid t try. He thught he wuld never be able t hit the ball. Then he wuld let everyne dwn, and they wuld laugh at him. And if he hit the ball, he wuld be t slw t run t first base, r he might miss the ball when it was thrwn t him.
Grandfather knew this and wanted t help Matt. Hlding a ball, Grandfather strlled ver t Matt and yelled, “Hey, Matt.” Matt jumped up with great surprise. “Grandpa!” he shuted. “I want t play baseball. Will yu d me a favr t play with me?” Grandfather asked. Matt hesitated, head dwn. “Srry, I can’t. I play…” “Cme n, by! Let’s have fun.” With Grandfather’s patient encuragements and cnstant praise, he gradually felt easy t play baseball freely. Matt was cnfident and he did play in the very next baseball game, which turned ut t be an unexpected success.
3．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·二模）閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
At arund 6 pm, Jane and her husband, Charlie were driving n the rad.They were incredibly excited because they wuld attend the dream wedding f her daughter Iris the next day.As they drve beynd a twn heat their destinatin, the sky grew darker and darker and suddenly the rain pured dwn.When they were appraching a bridge，a wave f fast- mving water washed ver the tp f it.
Within secnds, the rapids had lifted the little white car int the river, It happened s quickly that they were t shcked t scream.Finally, the car caught e an bject in the middle f the river.
Muddy fld water was puring int the car and rising quickly.Jane knew they had t get ut quickly befre the water rse t high in the car.Frcing the dr pen, Charlie jumped int the fld frm the back rw.Meanwhile, Jane grabbed the frnt dr handle and tried t pen it but in vain."Try it again!" her husband shuted anxiusly.
Hearing that, Jane tk hld f the handle, using all her strength, and was able t pull the dr pen.She came ut f the vehicle and finally reached Charlie, cughing and shaking. They leaned tightly against the back f the Car and screamed fr help.
At the sane tines a truck driver called Je was cmplaining abut the bad weather in his truck parked in his yard near the river.He had planned a rad trip.Suddenly, carrying ver the rar f the water, he heard screams cming frm the river and rushed ut immediately，sptting a car in the river."I've gt t d smething,”he tld himself.But hw did he apprach the car in such a cmplete darkness? Withut thinking twice, Je returned t his truck and drve t the river bank.Then he turned n the headlights and gt a lng rpe frm it.After that, he fastened the ne end f the rpe t the truck tight.
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
The water was still rising.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Je finally reached the cuple.
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【答案】
The water was still rising. By this time, the swelling water had reached the chest f Charlie and Jane, wh shivered uncntrllably and culd nt tell whether they trembled because f cld r fright. Frtunately, they sptted the flashing headlights f Je's truck and caught a glimpse f his stut figure shape appraching them with a lng rpe. A strng trrent, cupled with the shwering rain, washed ver Je and nearly swallwed him. Hwever, this determined man rse t the fld and frged ahead, painfully and labriusly.
Je finally reached the cuple. 'Catching the rpe.' he yelled at the tp f his lungs. Having received Je's message, Charlie and Jane twisted their figures and clutched the rpe tightly. Tgether, three f them swam against the trrent alng the rpe and finally made it t the bank. As Je hauled the cuple frm the fld, the breathless Jane was t mved t utter a single wrd. Only Charlie held Je's hands tightly and sputtered with a chking tne, "Thank... yu..., yu... kind stranger, withut... yur help, Jane and I wuld have been... drwned t death." Je shrugged ff and said anyne at his place wuld have dne the same thing. Indeed, what a narrw escape they had and what a gd Samaritan Je is!
從內(nèi)部分析的實(shí)踐
從外部觀察的事件
敘述者作為人物在情節(jié)中出現(xiàn)
視角1：主人公自己講述故事
視角2：見(jiàn)證人講述主人公的故事
敘述者不是人物，不在情節(jié)中出現(xiàn)
視角3：心理分析，或人所不知的作者講述故事
視角4：作者從外部講故事
階段
功能
舉例
背景
介紹故事的發(fā)生的情景
描述
激起心理感受與發(fā)展意向
事件鏈
續(xù)寫一系列的事件
效果
事件產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實(shí)影響
問(wèn)題/難題
反向期望/激起緊張感
問(wèn)題解決
釋放緊張的氛圍
評(píng)論
引入敘述者的評(píng)論
反思
引入其他參與者的想法

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