牛津譯林版 (2020)必修第三冊(cè)Unit 1 Nature in the balanceProject精品學(xué)案及答案-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

知識(shí)精講
知識(shí)點(diǎn)01 目標(biāo)詞匯
1.shck n. 震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動(dòng)；休克 vt. 使震驚；使氣憤
原文：Yes. That mrning, I turned n the TV fr sme lcal news, nly t hear that a hurricane was n its way. As yu can imagine, it was a bit f a shck.
【詞塊積累】
(1)shcked adj.感到震驚的
be shcked by/at...對(duì)……感到震驚
be shcked t d sth. 因做某事而感到震驚
be shcked that...對(duì)……感到震驚
(2)shcking adj.令人震驚的
【鏈接高考】
(2020·天津高考) Jnes was shcked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.
當(dāng)她說(shuō)她真不在意被欺騙時(shí), 瓊斯非常震驚。
（2017北京卷）At first, n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, ＂Des anyne knw CPR?＂起初，沒(méi)有人動(dòng)。女孩們都驚呆了。壘球教練喊道:“有誰(shuí)會(huì)心肺復(fù)蘇嗎?”
（2017北京卷）Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk.
還有兩名學(xué)生跑去找學(xué)校護(hù)士，護(hù)士帶來(lái)了一個(gè)除顫器，一種可以電擊心臟的電子設(shè)備。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.Jnes was __________(shck) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.(2020·天津)
2.I was shcked _________(hear) his reactin n the disaster.
3.The ending f this play is very __________(shck).
4.這個(gè)消息讓會(huì)上的人們很是震驚。
①The news made ________________________________________________.
②The peple at the meeting ____________________________________.
2.scare vt. &vi. 驚嚇，害怕 n. 恐慌；驚嚇
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大風(fēng)和大雨并沒(méi)有嚇到我, (教材P20)
【詞塊積累】
(1) 把……嚇跑
scare sb. int ding sth. 恐嚇某人做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的，嚇壞了的
(be) scared t death嚇得要死
be scared t d sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared f sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事
(3)scary adj.恐怖的，嚇人的
【鏈接高考】
(2020·浙江高考) Smetimes lud nises like these will scare bears ff. 有時(shí), 這樣大的噪音會(huì)把熊?chē)樧吡恕?br>（2014安徽卷）But befre she asked farmer t g t the truble f setting up beehives n their farms, she needed t find ut if the bees wuld scare elephants away.
但在她要求農(nóng)民在他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)上設(shè)置蜂箱之前，她需要弄清楚蜜蜂是否會(huì)嚇跑大象。
（2014福建卷）He said he was just t scared t g up t her. 他說(shuō)他只是太害怕了，不敢去找她。
（2013陜西卷）Scared and alne, Jshua ne day makes friends with a little muse he calls Bethlehem wh becmes his clsest friend. 一天，又害怕又孤獨(dú)的約書(shū)亞和一只他叫伯利恒的小老鼠交朋友，這只老鼠成了他最親密的朋友。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①They will __________________ small birds.
它們會(huì)把小鳥(niǎo)嚇跑。
②He lks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕，實(shí)際卻是個(gè)性格溫和的巨人。
③Kelly ____________________ she wuld nt be able t g very far.
凱莉怕她走不了多遠(yuǎn)。
3.pwer /?pa??(r)/ n. 電，電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；控制力；能力；能量；力量
原文：The strng wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the pwer failure.
【詞塊積累】
in pwer當(dāng)權(quán)
cme t pwer上臺(tái)
beynd ne’s pwer某人力所不能及
(2) pwerful adj.效能高的；強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)壯的
【鏈接高考】
（2021天津卷）The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut.
病人有權(quán)利選擇他想要說(shuō)什么。
（2020新課標(biāo)卷I）Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(電源)--such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway--a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(傳輸). 照明用電約占美國(guó)總用電的7%。由于照明通常離電源很遠(yuǎn)——比如從發(fā)電廠(chǎng)到偏遠(yuǎn)公路上的路燈的距離——在傳輸過(guò)程中會(huì)損失很多能量。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.Hw lng has the party been ___________ s far?
到目前為止，這個(gè)政黨當(dāng)權(quán)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
2.Culd yu tell me when the man ___________________?
你能告訴我這個(gè)人是什么時(shí)候上臺(tái)的嗎？
3.It’s really ___________ my pwer t keep my head in that situatin.
我這次真的沒(méi)有能力在那種情況下保持冷靜。
4.The fficial is the mst _____________(pwer) man in this cunty.
4.run ut f 用完, 用盡
原文：Were yu afraid f running ut f supplies?
你是不是擔(dān)心補(bǔ)給品用光了？
【詞塊積累】
run acrss 偶然遇見(jiàn)
run after 追捕；追求
run away frm ... 逃離……
run int 撞上；偶然遇見(jiàn)；遇到（困難等）
run fr 競(jìng)選
run thrugh 瀏覽；快速穿越……
【鏈接高考】
(2019·天津高考) We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark.
我們都知道那些在到達(dá)生命的中途之前就沒(méi)有動(dòng)力的人。
【詞義辨析】run ut f/run ut/use up/give ut
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I(mǎi) her in the public library yesterday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Our fd is . Will yu g t the supermarket t buy sme?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Yu just cannt always yur duty while faced with difficulty.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Fd supplies in the fld-stricken area are .We must act immediately befre there’s nne left.
5.dnate vt. 捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)（血），捐獻(xiàn)（器官）
原文：Luckily, many peple came t help, dnating fd and clthes t charities.
幸運(yùn)的是，許多人來(lái)幫忙，捐贈(zèng)食物和衣服給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。
【詞塊積累】
(1) dnate sth. t...向……捐贈(zèng)某物
(2) dnatin n.捐贈(zèng)；捐贈(zèng)物；捐款
give/make a dnatin t...向……捐贈(zèng)
(3) dnr n.捐贈(zèng)者
【鏈接高考】
（2021天津卷）We prvide full furnishings, like dnated kitchen equipment and furniture items, fr the new hmes f peple wh were nce hmeless.
我們?yōu)樵?jīng)無(wú)家可歸的人提供全套家具，比如捐贈(zèng)的廚房設(shè)備和家具。
（2019北京卷）Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy's prfits t Big Smiles.
摩爾想用她獨(dú)特的才能幫助別人找到笑容。她將AilicCandy 10%的利潤(rùn)捐給了Big Smiles。
（2016北京卷）Vlunteers came with carlads f dnated clthing and tys.
志愿者們帶來(lái)了一車(chē)捐贈(zèng)的衣服和玩具。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①I(mǎi) think it wuld be better t ___________________ a temprary shelter fr the hmeless.
我覺(jué)得把錢(qián)捐給無(wú)家可歸者的臨時(shí)收容所更好。
②Wuld yu like t ___________________ ur charity appeal?
你愿意響應(yīng)我們慈善團(tuán)體呼吁來(lái)捐物嗎？
6.curius adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的
原文：She was curius t see hw much water there was utside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。
【詞塊積累】
(1)be curius abut sth. 對(duì)某事好奇
be curius t d sth. 好奇地做某事
(2)curiusly adv.好奇地
(3)curisity n.好奇心
ut f curisity出于好奇
with curisity＝curiusly好奇地
【鏈接高考】
（2020天津卷）Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?” 像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿(mǎn)地問(wèn): “為什么?為什么? 為什么？”
（2020天津卷）She was curius abut hw the experts did it. 她很好奇專(zhuān)家們是如何做到的。
（2016北京卷）Hwever, when smething did interest me, I culd becme absrbed. In high schl, I became curius abut the cmputer, and built my first website. 然而，當(dāng)我對(duì)某件事感興趣時(shí)，我就會(huì)全神貫注。高中的時(shí)候，我對(duì)電腦很好奇，于是建立了我的第一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。
（2014新課標(biāo)卷I）Students are being dared t draw a picture, write an article, take a pht r write a pem that shws what they are curius abut.
學(xué)生敢畫(huà)一幅畫(huà)，寫(xiě)一篇文章，拍一張照片或?qū)懸皇自?shī)來(lái)表達(dá)他們的好奇心。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.We were curius ___________(knw) hw he culd keep his head in that situatin.
2.When the ld man was making the kite，the children were watching _______ (curius).
3.Filled with ____________(curius)，the artist packed his bags and left.
4.出于好奇，小女孩打開(kāi)了那個(gè)小盒子。
① ___________________，the little girl pened the little bx.(curisity)
②The little girl pened the little bx because ____________________.(curius)
7.break ut突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)
原文：The cries f wmen brke ut; the men lked at each ther, but were silent.
女人們開(kāi)始尖叫；男人們面面相覷，卻都一言不發(fā)。
【詞塊積累】
break dwn 出故障; 關(guān)系破裂，分解; 奔潰; 拆除;破除（障礙或偏見(jiàn)）
break ut 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生
break up （關(guān)系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎
break thrugh （取得）突破，沖破
break ff 突然停止
break f 放棄，改掉（習(xí)慣）
break int 闖入
【鏈接高考】
（2018北京卷）Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics.
西班牙和英格蘭的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，大蠟蛾的蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
①I(mǎi)t's taken a lng time t __________________ f my wn cnventinal training.
擺脫我自己的傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練花了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。
②They _______________ s that Jack can use the phne.
他們闖入了一間辦公室，因?yàn)榻芸诵枰褂秒娫?huà)。
= 3 \* GB3 ③Is it difficult fr an Asian entertainer t _______________ the United States?
對(duì)于一個(gè)亞洲藝人來(lái)說(shuō)，想要沖出重圍在美國(guó)打下一片天地是不是困難的事？
知識(shí)點(diǎn)02 重點(diǎn)句型
1.The hurricane must have caused lt f damage and suffering. 颶風(fēng)一定造成了很大的損失和痛苦。
【句式分析】
此句中含有must have dne結(jié)構(gòu)。must have dne表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事”，僅用于肯定句中。如：
The rad is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。
Yu must have gne t bed late last night. Yur eyes are red. 你昨晚準(zhǔn)是睡覺(jué)晚了，你的眼睛都紅了。
補(bǔ)充 must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu):
must d 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)
must be ding 表示對(duì)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)
must have dne 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)
其他的類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)：
shuld have dne sth. 過(guò)去本該做某事但沒(méi)有做。
shuldn’t have dne sth. 過(guò)去本不該做而做了。
might/might nt have dne 可能做過(guò)/可能沒(méi)做過(guò)
culd have dne...(肯定句)表示“本能夠做……但沒(méi)有做……”
needn’t have dne...不需要做……但是做了……
must have dne 過(guò)去一定做了
culdn’t have dne...不可能做過(guò)……
may have dne sth. 或許做了某事。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.Yu ______________________ at hme last Sunday，but yu didn’t.
上周日你本該待在家里的，但是你沒(méi)有。
2.Yu are sleepy. Yu _____________________ t bed late last night.
你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。
3.We ____________________ the match，but we were t careless.
我們本可以贏得比賽，但是我們太粗心了。
4.Yu _________________________ s much fd，fr there’s a lt in the fridge.
你本不需要買(mǎi)那么多食物的，因?yàn)楸淅镉泻芏唷?br>能力拓展
分層提分
題組A 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練
一、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)單詞
1．She rushed ________(下樓) and burst int the kitchen.
2．The heat was becming ________(難以忍受的).
3．We usually measure____________ (距離) in miles r kilmeters.
4．He is very __________（好奇的）abut new envirnment.
5．The peple trapped by the fire in this building must be ________ (營(yíng)救) as sn as pssible.
6．My parents lent me the mney. ________(不然), I culdn't have affrded the trip.
7．After reaching yur_____________（目的地），yu will have a day t explre and be amazed by this ancient city.
8．My parents’ encuragement gave me the________ (力量) t vercme the difficulty and mve n.
9．If pipes crack, water culd ________(淹沒(méi)) the whle huse.
10．In 2020, he started his business by ________(供應(yīng)) fd t peple fighting against the virus.
二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
11．When she packed her suitcase befre heading t Wuhan, her daughter was ________(scare) t tears.
12．The students were ________ (curisity) abut the peple wh lived upstairs.
13．The wrld seems smaller and ________ (distant) desn’t matter.
14．The letter wasn’t addressed t him, but he pened it ut f _________ (curius).
15．The by made a sudden actin t_________(scary)the dg away.
16．He did a training curse t ______ (sharp) his skills.
17．We __________ (run) ut f gas, s we’d better stp at the next gas statin t fill up.
18．(2019·全國(guó)II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
19．The plice fund that the huse ________(break) int and a lt f things stlen.
20．In Glasgw city centre, they were ________ (shck)t find tw plicemen standing next t it.
21．I kept cming up with slutins, but nne wrked. My fatigue(疲憊) became almst ________ (bear).
22．Vlcanic ash shwered dwn n the twn after the ________ (erupt).
23．As a matter f fact, Tm had run ut ________ mney by the end f last week. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
24．He lked a little ________ (scare) t meet us, but started t smile shyly after my mm hugged him.
25．Besides, we made a ________ (dnate) f 120, 000 yuan t yu , expecting that it can help yu get thrugh the difficulties.
26．He stpped and lked arund as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right directin.
27．When the Spring Festival was drawing near, a terrible disease brke ________ all arund the wrld.
28．Peple gathered rund, curius ________ (knw) what was happening.
29．________the distance, they heard the sund f falling rfs.
30．________her relief, everyne was safe.
題組B 能力提升練
三、閱讀理解
Over the last tw days in December last year, nearly 30 trnades caused great damage acrss six states—frm Arkansas in the suth t Illinis in the midwest. Mre than 100 trnad warnings were issued—the mst ever fr a day. The trnad in Kentucky caused at least 50 peple’s deaths, which was described as the wrst in this state’s histry.
As ne f the largest cuntries in the wrld, the United States is als ne f the mst gegraphically varius cuntries—frm deserts t frests t miles f cast line. While this cmes with many advantages, it unfrtunately leaves the cuntry easily damaged by all kinds f natural disasters.
Different parts f the United States face different types f natural disasters. The west cast is at risk f wildfires, earthquakes, and even vlcanic eruptins. The suthern part f the cuntry is frequently hit by trnades, and the east cast faces the threat f serius hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are ften flded by huge flds, and these are the wrst flds in American histry.
The gvernments reviewed the weather event in each state’ s histry that caused the highest number f deaths t determine the wrst natural disaster in every state, Thanks t their lcatin and gegraphic research, sme states made preparatins ahead f time t avid mass-casualty (重大傷亡的) weather events.
Hwever, many ther parts f the cuntry have been less frtunate, experiencing massive strms and flds. Many such events, like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galvestn f Texas, killed s many peple that it was impssible t get an exact number f final deaths, especially during that time.
American weather cntinues t becme mre changeable. In 2018, there were 14 weather events that caused ver $ 1 billin in damage. And in many parts f the cuntry, these weather events culd becme even mre destructive (毀滅性的) because f glbal warming.
31．What d we knw frm the figures in paragraph 1?
A．America suffered frm serius natural disasters.
B．Trnades were the greatest threat t Americans.
C．The trnad in Kentucky was the wrst in America.
D．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
32．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The wrst flds in American histry.
B．The earthquakes in the west cast f US.
C．The hurricanes alng the east cast f US.
D．The natural disasters in different parts f US.
33．Which f the fllwing can best describe American’s weather in the future?
A．Cntrllable.B．Unchangeable.C．Wrrying.D．Pleasant.
34．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．A Serius Trnad in KentuckyB．A Weather Reprt frm the US
C．Trnades Causing Great DamageD．Cmmn Natural Disasters in the US
題組C 培優(yōu)拔尖練
四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The authr ___35___ (travel) n the Lndn Tube. It is very ht and the temperature utside will be ver 30 degrees. He feels awful. It is even ___36___ (ht) inside the train than utside, and the authr thinks he is melting and becming ne with the passenger next ___37___ him. Thinking that Lndn will prbably get htter, the authr feels a bit ___38___ (scare). ___39___ (prepare) fr the future, he thinks he shuld put his flat n the ___40___ and buy a bat. Then speak with his manager abut mving t the tp flr and learn t swim s as t survive even when the tall buildings ___41___ (fld). In the newspaper, there are reprts f ___42___ (nature) disasters arund the wrld ___43___ (cause) by climate change, _____44_____ makes the authr feel nervus. Ging utside, the authr feels refreshed and realises he has been wrrying t much.
目標(biāo)詞匯
1. ________n.補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)給品；供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)量，儲(chǔ)備 vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供
2. ________n.全體職工；管理人員 vt.在……工作，任職于
3. ________n.洪水，水災(zāi)；大量 vt.&vi.(被)淹沒(méi)，泛濫；大量涌入；充滿(mǎn)
4. ________adv.否則，不然；除此以外
5. ________vt.使出土，挖掘，發(fā)掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到
6. ________n.目的地，終點(diǎn)
7. ________adv.在(或向)較遠(yuǎn)處；在另一邊
prep.在(或向)更遠(yuǎn)處；超出；晚于；無(wú)法；超出……之外
8. ________n.圖案，花樣；模式；范例；模型
9. ________n.&vt.救援，營(yíng)救，搶救
10. ________vt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置；把……安置在(建造于)
11．________ n．震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動(dòng) vt.使震驚；使氣憤→________ adj.令人震驚的→_______ adj.震驚的
12．_____ vt.&vi.驚嚇，害怕 n．恐慌；驚嚇→______ adj.害怕的→______ adj.恐怖的，嚇人的
13．______ n．電，電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；控制力；能力；能量；力量→______ adj.強(qiáng)大的
14．______ vt.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→_______ n．捐贈(zèng)
15．______adj.好奇的；奇特的→______ n．好奇心→______ adv.好奇地
16．______vi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→______ n．爆發(fā)
17．______ n．進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，輸入的產(chǎn)品；輸入 vt.進(jìn)口，引進(jìn)→_____n．出口產(chǎn)品，輸出的產(chǎn)品；出口，輸出 vt.出口；輸出
18．______ adj.難耐的，無(wú)法忍受的→_______ adj.可以忍受的→______ vt.忍受
19．______ n．遙遠(yuǎn)，久遠(yuǎn)；距離；差異；疏遠(yuǎn)→______ adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的
20．______ adj.靈敏的；鋒利的；急劇的；明顯的；尖銳的；強(qiáng)烈的→______ adv.急劇地；鋒利地→________ vt.使鋒利
目標(biāo)短語(yǔ)
1. ________用完；耗盡
2. ________呈現(xiàn)……的形狀；采取……的形式
3. ________突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)
4. ________到處，各處
5. ________詳細(xì)地
6. ________涌入
7. ________和……一起
8. ________朝著四面八方
9. ________最重要的是
10. ________在遠(yuǎn)處
句型
must have dne結(jié)構(gòu)
易混詞組
區(qū)別
run ut
意為“用完，耗盡”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)一般為物，其后不可以接賓語(yǔ)，也不用被動(dòng)
run ut f
意為“用完，耗盡”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)一般為人，其后要接賓語(yǔ)
give ut
意為“耗盡，用完”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常是物
use up
意為“用光，用完”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其后可接賓語(yǔ)，可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

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