【近年高考考情】
考例1 (2023?全國甲卷·C篇) 28題
考例2 (2023 ·全國乙卷 ·A篇) 23題
考例3 (2020?全國Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21題
考例4 (2023?全國乙卷·C篇) 28題
考例5 (2023?新高考I卷·A篇) 22題
考例6 (2020?全國Ⅲ卷?D篇) 34題
考例7 (2023?浙江1月卷?A篇) 23題
考例8 (2022?新高考II卷?A篇) 22題
考例9 (2022?全國乙卷?A篇) 22題
考例10 (2020?新高考卷?A篇) 21題
【實(shí)用解題妙招】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。
題型一 直接信息題
直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動(dòng)安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等開頭的特殊疑問句。
“帶著問題找答案”先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語句，快速定位該題與哪一段哪一句有關(guān)，然后仔細(xì)推敲，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案。簡(jiǎn)言之，可采用“一找二定三比對(duì)”的方法。
考例1 (2023?全國甲卷·C篇) 28題
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲學(xué)).
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
28. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲學(xué)).(我13歲的時(shí)候，一個(gè)叔叔給了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。書里面的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)我來說都很新奇，所以我整個(gè)夏天都在鉆研那本書。它對(duì)我說話，把我?guī)胍粋€(gè)哲學(xué)的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder為作者打開了通往哲學(xué)的大門。故選C。
考例2 (2023 ·全國乙卷 ·A篇) 23
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
23. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
23. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Step 1找關(guān)鍵詞：first African American with a medical degree。Step 2定位到原文：she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree。Step 3比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：通過文章第一部分中的“Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成為第一位獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國人。故選D。
考例3 (2020?全國Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21題
All custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding. Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
21. What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?
A. Call 13 16 17.
B. Visit
C. Ask at the lcal statin.
D. Check the train schedule.
21. C。分析：Step 1找關(guān)鍵詞：ticket infrmatin。Step 2定位到原文：在原文中定位原詞ticket infrmatin，確定關(guān)鍵句為第一段的第二句“Fr ticket infrmatin，please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.”。Step 3比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：想要獲得票務(wù)信息可以咨詢當(dāng)?shù)剀囌?。答案是C。
題型二 間接信息題
間接信息題常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查，會(huì)涉及“人與自我”“人與社會(huì)”和“人與自然”三大主題語境。解此類試題常用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”法。
該類題的特點(diǎn)是試題題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語通常使用同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來替換文中的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息,例如,使用bk對(duì)文中的reserve進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

考例4 (2023?全國乙卷·C篇) 28題
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking.
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（幾乎三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質(zhì)量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項(xiàng)。
兩個(gè)同義轉(zhuǎn)換：ne third~33%；a wider variety f =mre diverse
考例5 (2023?新高考I卷·A篇) 22題
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
…
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
22. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標(biāo)題“Essays (60%)”、“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由3部分組成。故選B。
同義轉(zhuǎn)換：final grade= Essays (60%)+ Grup Assignments (30%)+ Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
考例6 (2020?全國Ⅲ卷?D篇) 34題
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr.Jubilad said.“I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.
D. They lived n bth land and water.
34. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的we were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders.(我們很驚訝，他們?cè)谒麓臅r(shí)間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長(zhǎng)的多)可知，讓Jubilad感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。C. They culd stay lng underwater. (他們能在水下待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)符合以上說法。
同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn):astnished與amazed為同義詞 。
高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（動(dòng)詞類）
bk=reserve=rder
cnduct=carry ut
please=amuse=entertain
imprve=prmte
guarantee=ensure
dcument=recrd
ruin=destry=damage=vilate
declare=annunce=infrm
divide=separate=part with
cmplete = fulfill =accmplish= achieve
delay=put ff=pstpne
give=supply=prvide=ffer
encurage = mtivate =stimulate = spur
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decline
receive=accept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
search=explre
cnnect=link=relate=assciate
discurage=frustrate
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
admire=appreciate
pssess=wn
decide=determine=reslve t d
get= btain= acquire= gain= pssess
高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（名詞類）
data=statistics
nvel=fictin
feature=characteristics
career=ccupatin
manners=etiquette
gratitude=appreciatin
experiment=trial
persnality=character
stress=pressure
rigin=pineer
circumstance=envirnment=atmsphere
creatin=innvatin
achievement=recgnitin
ptin=chice=selectin
material=resurce
luggage=baggage=package
rule=regulatin=principle
directin=discipline=guideline
clleague=cwrker
essay=passage=article=text
apprach=way=methd=means
高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（形容詞副詞類）
delicius=tasty
attentive=fcused
riginal=initial
final=eventual
bvius=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
time-hnred=has a lng histry
dull=bring
daring=brave
extra=additinal
glad=pleased=delighted
tuched=mved
accessible=available=at hand
apprpriate=prper=suitable
appealing=attractive
cmplex=cmplicated
safe=secure
高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換（高頻短語類）
ahead f time=in advance=previus
places f interest=turist attractin
result in=lead t=cntribute t
be accustmed t=be used t ding
jin in=take part in=participate in
=invlve in=be engaged in
get ready fr=be prepared fr
fcus n =cncentrate n
transfrm A int B=turn A int B
in the lng term=in the lng run
hld n t=insist
take actin=take measures=take steps t
keep in tuch with=cntact
deal with=cpe with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=take pride in
head int=leave fr
arrive at=reach=get t=apprach
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=attempt t
be filled with=be charged with=be full f
run int=cme acrss
take the place f=replace
frm time t time=nce in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
cnsist f =be made up f
fr a mment=fr a while
a cllectin f =a series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=light up
rll arund=turn up
lecture=deliver a speech
draw ne’s attentin=attract ne’s attentin
be desperate fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in favr f=favrable
題型三 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題
要求考生在原文中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，再對(duì)相關(guān)的數(shù)字和信息進(jìn)行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案。
考例7 (2023?浙江1月卷?A篇) 23題
Explrers Camp
?Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
?Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
?Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
?Fees: $365 per week.
?The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm). Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
23. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9點(diǎn)至下午4點(diǎn))”可知，每周安排5天的活動(dòng)。根據(jù)Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm).(露營(yíng)者有一個(gè)三小時(shí)的上午課程（上午9點(diǎn)到中午12點(diǎn)）和一個(gè)小時(shí)的午休時(shí)間，然后是另一個(gè)三個(gè)小時(shí)的下午課程（下午1點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)）)”可知，全天有6個(gè)小時(shí)的課程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注冊(cè)一周，你總共有30小時(shí)的課程。故選C。
考例8 (2022?新高考II卷?A篇) 22題
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (發(fā)票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護(hù)人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
22. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.
22. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Grup Size”標(biāo)題下“We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護(hù)人) per ten children.(我們要求每十個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人)”可知，10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。故選C。
考例9 (2022?全國乙卷?A篇) 22題
Admissin
￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. ￡4.B. ￡8.C. ￡12.D. ￡16.
22. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admissin部分“￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8英鎊，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B。
考例10 (2020?新高考卷?A篇) 21題
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
21. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Six.
21. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner's chice”可知，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻议L(zhǎng)和另一名由獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢詭蓚€(gè)人。故選A。
【高考真題再練】
1 (2023?新高考I卷?A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
21. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It f ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】21. B22. C23. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮鞣绞?，價(jià)格等細(xì)節(jié)。
21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。
23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。
2 (2023?新高考II卷?B篇)
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
25. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了Abby Jaramill等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生通過體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。
24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Spruts”學(xué)?；▓@項(xiàng)目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的發(fā)起者。故選D。
25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.(她說?！八麄儊碚椅覀?，認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲也很可怕。”雖然有些人一開始害怕昆蟲，對(duì)泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知，項(xiàng)目之初，一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。
26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她補(bǔ)充說，該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramill的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題?！八麄冏吡顺鋈?，”她說，“他們覺得成功?！?”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。
27.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Spruts”學(xué)校花園項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識(shí)和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Abby Jaramill等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選B。
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】
（23·24高三上·江蘇·階段練習(xí)）Vlunteer by supprting a lcal animal rescue center in Csta Rica!
If yu like animals and are als interested in preserving the envirnment, yu will be perfect fr this prgram. Yu will be helping ut in and supprting a lcal animal shelter. Nt nly des this shelter take in hmeless animals, but als wild animals which are in bad cnditin.
In additin t the caretaking f the animals, vlunteers help us welcme visitrs at the entrance and answer any questins that visitrs may have abut the shelter r its animals. As vlunteers spend mre days in the shelter, knwledge abut wildlife management will grw.
Requirements
＊Yu need t be at least 15 years ld n the prgram start date at the high schl level r abve.
＊Speaking English is a basic requirement.
＊N restrictins n natinality. Helping hands bth in Csta Rica and beynd are welcme.
＊Yur helping hand will be required frm 09:00 t 15:00 n Mnday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.
Prgram fees
＊Bking payments (15%): The bking payment is simply t reserve yur vlunteer placement. Payment is made by PayPal. Yu can als pay using a credit card.
＊Final payments (85%): Yur final payment will be agreed with Vlunteer Nw Csta Rica during the applicatin prcess.
1. What can a vlunteer d in the rescue center?
A. Cmmunicate with visitrs.B. Get trained t place animals.
C. Give lectures abut animals.D. Search fr hmeless animals.
2. Wh can vlunteer in the prgram?
A. A French-speaking adult.B. A primary schlchild.
C. A cllege student frm America.D. A lcal persn free n Fridays.
3. Hw much shuld a vlunteer pay at least t make a reservatin?
A. $52.5.B. $105.C. $297.5.D. $350.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了如何申請(qǐng)支持哥斯達(dá)黎加當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物救援中心的志愿者。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In additin t the caretaking f the animals, vlunteers help us welcme visitrs at the entrance and answer any questins that visitrs may have abut the shelter r its animals.”（除了照顧動(dòng)物外，志愿者還幫助我們?cè)谌肟谔帤g迎游客，并回答游客可能對(duì)收容所或動(dòng)物的任何問題）可知，志愿者在救援中心可以與參觀者溝通。故選A項(xiàng)。
2. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)Requirements中“＊Yu need t be at least 15 years ld n the prgram start date at the high schl level r abve.＊Speaking English is a basic requirement. ＊N restrictins n natinality. Helping hands bth in Csta Rica and beynd are welcme.＊Yur helping hand will be required frm 09:00 t 15:00 n Mnday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.”（*您需要在課程開始日期至少15歲，高中或以上水平。會(huì)說英語是基本要求。*國籍不限。歡迎來自哥斯達(dá)黎加和其他國家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的幫助）可知，一位來自美國的大學(xué)生可以自愿參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prgram fees中“1week（minimum stay）$350”以及“Bking payments (15%)”（預(yù)訂費(fèi)用(15%)）可知，志愿者至少要付350×15%=52.5美元，才能預(yù)約。故選A項(xiàng)。
（23·24高二上·福建泉州·期中）If yu are seeking t unlck the secrets t success, here are fur bks that ffer invaluable wisdm and practical advice t help yu alng yur path.
The 7 Habits f Highly Effective Peple
Stephen R. Cvey’s timeless classic utlines seven fundatinal principles fr persnal and prfessinal success. Frm practive (積極主動(dòng)的) decisin-making t effective leadership and interpersnal skills, this bk stresses the imprtance f matching persnal values with actins. It serves as a pwerful guide t achieving lng-term success and building meaningful relatinships.
Outliers: The Stry f Success
In the bk, Malclm Gladwell explres the factrs that cntribute t exceptinal success. Thrugh insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditinal thughts f talent and hard wrk, stressing the imprtance f pprtunities, cultural backgrunds, and deliberate practice. This thught-prvking bk encurages readers t rethink their appraches t success and shws the imprtance f making use f unique circumstances.
Mindset: The New Psychlgy f Success
In the bk, Carl S. Dweck explres the pwer f mindset and its effect n persnal grwth and achievement. By distinguishing between a “fixed mindset” and a “grwth mindset”, Dweck highlights hw accepting challenges, maintaining resilience, and cultivating a lve fr learning can lead t remarkable success. This bk prvides valuable insights fr transfrming bstacles (障礙) int pprtunities fr grwth.
Principles
Ray Dali’s Principles is a transfrmative guidebk packed with valuable insights. Drawing n his extensive experience in investment management, Dali shares practical wisdm fr success. The bk ffers actinable principles fr decisin-making, prblem-slving, and persnal grwth. By applying these principles, readers can deal with challenges, seize pprtunities, and make a meaningful impact.
4. Which factrs cntributing t success des the secnd bk stress?
A. Talent and hard wrk.B. Creative thinking and teamwrk.
C. Chances and cultural backgrunds.D. Adventurus actin and cnfidence.
5. Whse bk highlights the impact f mentality n individual develpment?
A. Stephen R. Cvey’s.B. Malclm Gladwell’s.
C. Carl S. Dweck’s.D. Ray Dali’s.
6. What is the text?
A. A piece f news f new authrs.B. A recmmendatin n bks.
C. A paper n the secrets t success.D. A text n successfully writing bks.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要推薦了四本書以及它們各自的特色。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thrugh insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditinal thughts f talent and hard wrk, stressing the imprtance f pprtunities, cultural backgrunds, and deliberate practice. (通過富有洞察力的案例研究，格拉德威爾挑戰(zhàn)了天賦和努力工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念，強(qiáng)調(diào)了機(jī)會(huì)、文化背景和刻意練習(xí)的重要性)”可知，第二本書強(qiáng)調(diào)了促成成功的因素是機(jī)會(huì)和文化背景。故選C。
5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In the bk, Carl S. Dweck explres the pwer f mindset and its effect n persnal grwth and achievement. (在書中，Carl S. Dweck探討了心態(tài)的力量及其對(duì)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和成就的影響)”可知，Carl S. Dweck的書強(qiáng)調(diào)了心態(tài)對(duì)個(gè)人發(fā)展的影響。故選C。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“If yu are seeking t unlck the secrets t success, here are fur bks that ffer invaluable wisdm and practical advice t help yu alng yur path. (如果你正在尋找成功的秘密，這里有四本書，提供寶貴的智慧和實(shí)用的建議，幫助你在你的道路上)”結(jié)合文章主要推薦了四本書以及它們各自的特色?？赏浦恼率且环輹耐扑]。故選B。
（23·24高一上·廣東茂名·期中）Each year Canada Chclate Twn, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates ur cmmunity’s rich and delicius heritage with ur annual Chclate Fest. Nw in its 30th year, this week-lng, family-riented festival is “chc—full” f activities, fun events, and all things chclate—related. Our belved masct, the Great Chclate Musse, and his lvely wife Tiffany, invite yu t jin us this August fr the sweetest festival f the year—Chclate Fest!
Carma Charltte Cunty Cffee Mrning
9：30 a.m. t 12 nn
Lcatin：St. Stephen Twn Square
Cme ut and jin us fr a Starbucks cffee, cup f tea r juice and scrumptius hme—baked gds, many featuring chclate. Spnsred (贊助) by Carma Charltte Cunty and adptin prgrams (收養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目) —caring fr hmeless and feral cats.
Dts Delect Birthday Party
11 a.m. t 2 p.m.
Lcatin：Bys and Girls Club f Charltte Cunty
Wh des St. Stephen lve? Dt Larsen! Please jin us fr chclate cake and chclate milk and help celebrate Dt’s birthday. Cme and play in ur indr/utdr playgrund, have yur face painted and enjy a barbecue, t help raise funds fr the Barracuda Swim Team. Fr details call BGCCC, 466-4300.
Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party
12 nn t 3 p.m.
Lcatin：Kings brae Garden, St. Andrews
Cme t celebrate with Lucy and her friends fr a picnic n ur frnt lawn (草坪) —bring yur wn picnic r have lunch at ur Garden Cafe. At 2 p.m., jin Lucy and her friends fr an amazing race adventure thrugh the big maze (迷宮), find treasure in the fantasy garden and much, much mre!
Cst：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Senirs, Free/Children 6 and yunger.
7. When is the Dts Delect Birthday Party pen?
A. 9：30 a.m.—12：00 a.m.B. 11：00 a.m.—2：00 p.m.
C. 12：00 a.m.—3：00 p.m.D. 2：00 p.m.—3：00 p.m.
8. Hw much at least shuld a cuple with a by aged 5 pay t jin Lucy the Lady Bugs 1st Birthday Party?
A. $44B. $16C. $28D. $32
9. What’s the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce a sprts game.
B. T arrange sme activities.
C. T advertise an annual fest.
D. T prmte a cats brand.
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了第三十屆巧克力節(jié)的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Dts Delect Birthday Party下的“11 a.m. t 2 p.m.(上午十一時(shí)至下午二時(shí))”可知，Dts Delect Birthday Party的開放時(shí)間為上午十一時(shí)至下午二時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。
8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party下的“Cst：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Senirs, Free/Children 6 and yunger.(費(fèi)用：$16/成人，$12/學(xué)生和老人，免費(fèi)/ 6歲及以下兒童)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦的費(fèi)用是16x2=32美元，5歲男孩免費(fèi)，所以總費(fèi)用是$32。故選D項(xiàng)。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Each year Canada Chclate Twn, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates ur cmmunity’s rich and delicius heritage with ur annual Chclate Fest. Nw in its 30th year, this week-lng, family-riented festival is “chc—full” f activities, fun events, and all things chclate—related. Our belved masct, the Great Chclate Musse, and his lvely wife Tiffany, invite yu t jin us this August fr the sweetest festival f the year—Chclate Fest!(每年加拿大巧克力小鎮(zhèn)，圣斯蒂芬，新不倫瑞克省，慶祝我們社區(qū)的豐富和美味的傳統(tǒng)，我們的年度巧克力節(jié)。今年是第30個(gè)節(jié)日，這個(gè)為期一周、面向家庭的節(jié)日“充滿了巧克力”的活動(dòng)、有趣的事件，以及所有與巧克力有關(guān)的東西。我們心愛的吉祥物，偉大的巧克力慕斯，和他可愛的妻子蒂芙尼，邀請(qǐng)你加入我們今年八月最甜蜜的節(jié)日——巧克力節(jié)!)”可推知，本文的目的是為一年一度的節(jié)日做廣告。故選C項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·濟(jì)寧·期中）Nature is ne f the greatest surces f inspiratin fr engineers and cmputer scientists t develp new technlgical tls. Over the past decade r s, rbticists have develped cuntless rbts inspired by the behavir and bilgical mechanisms f snakes, fish, birds, insects and cuntless ther animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed t increase the rbt’s stability are calculated using the s-called Lyapunv stability therem, which is a theretical cnstruct that describes the stability f dynamic systems.
Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (慣性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (傾斜的) angle.
While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment, the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance it within n mre than 3.5 secnds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.
10. What’s special abut the new rbt?
A. It is a bi-inspired rbt.
B. It is identical t an insect.
C. Its “tail”prmtes the stability cntrl.
D. Its wheels are used t sustain its balance.
11. Hw are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly develped?
A. By giving a definitin.B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasns.D. By making cmparisns.
12. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The adaptive cntrller.B. The bi-inspired rbt.
C. The tail-like cmpnent.D. The surrunding envirnment.
13. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. Reasns fr the research.B. Ptentials f the research.
C. Cmplexities f the research.D. Challenges f the research.
【答案】10. C 11. D 12. B 13. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京理工大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的一種新的仿生機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人可以用尾巴狀的機(jī)制來保持平衡。
10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels.(北京理工大學(xué)的研究人員最近設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的仿生機(jī)器人，它可以使用尾巴狀的機(jī)制來保持平衡。該機(jī)器人由一個(gè)主體、兩個(gè)輪子和由自適應(yīng)控制器控制的尾翼組件組成，該控制器允許它在與機(jī)器人輪子平行的區(qū)域內(nèi)向不同方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。)”可知，該機(jī)器人可以使用尾巴狀的機(jī)機(jī)制來保持平衡。故選C。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (慣性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (傾斜的) angle.(多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的平衡兩輪車輛的方法是通過使用慣性測(cè)量單元(IMU)收集車輛的車身高度數(shù)據(jù)，這是一種可以測(cè)量作用在身體或物體上的特定力的電子設(shè)備。傳統(tǒng)的方法是處理IMU設(shè)備收集的數(shù)據(jù)，然后相應(yīng)地執(zhí)行平衡策略，通常是通過調(diào)整其傾斜角度。)”以及第四段“While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.(雖然許多方法都取得了令人滿意的結(jié)果，但該研究小組提出的設(shè)計(jì)引入了一種實(shí)用的替代方案，不需要調(diào)整機(jī)器人的傾斜角度。這是為數(shù)不多的受動(dòng)物尾巴啟發(fā)的現(xiàn)有技術(shù)之一，可以在考慮環(huán)境不確定性的情況下增強(qiáng)輪式機(jī)器人的平衡性。)”可知，第三段和第四段將該機(jī)器人保持平衡的方法和現(xiàn)有的其他機(jī)器人保持平衡的方式進(jìn)行比較。故選D。
12. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment(研究人員在一系列測(cè)試中評(píng)估了這種尾巴狀機(jī)器人機(jī)制的有效性。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常有希望。當(dāng)機(jī)器人在測(cè)試環(huán)境中失去平衡時(shí)，)”以及劃線單詞前的“the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance(人造“尾巴”能夠重新平衡……)”可知，劃線單詞“it”指的是機(jī)器人。故選B。
13. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.(在未來，這種類似尾巴的機(jī)制可以用來增強(qiáng)其他現(xiàn)有或新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人的穩(wěn)定性和平衡性。此外，作為這項(xiàng)研究的一部分，收集到的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以啟發(fā)其他機(jī)器人專家設(shè)計(jì)類似的尾巴狀部件。)”可知，最后一段主要講述了該研究未來的可能運(yùn)用。故選B。
（23·24高三上·福建三明·期中）Visinary architects design buildings which speak fr themselves. Frm twering cncrete pillars t sculptural mdernist dmes (穹頂), the wrk f Balkrishna Vithaldas Dshi defined Indian architecture fr the latter half f the 20th century. Knwn as B. V. Dshi, he was a versatile mdernist architect — he designed everything frm accessible husing prjects t the Indian Institute f Management in Bangalre. Sadly, the great architect died n January 24, 2023, at the age f 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.
Brn n August 26, 1927, in Pune, sutheast f Mumbai, Dshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came t appreciate hw their huse grew and changed. In 1947, shrtly befre Indian independence, he began architecture schl. Hwever, he never finished, a fact which he’d later pint t in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Dshi lived in a huse he designed and named fr his belved wife.
Dshi was influenced by the famus Swiss-French architect knwn as Le Crbusier. Dshi studied with him in Paris and then returned t India t supervise the architect’s wrk in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Dshi funded his wn firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the wrld lecturing at universities, wrked with ther famus architects, and even funded the Center fr Envirnmental Planning and Technlgy (nw CEPT University) fcusing n understanding, designing, planning, cnstructing and managing human habitats.
“We did nt want t imitate smene else’s apprach,” he tld the Luisiana Museum f Mdern Art in 2018. “We wanted t find ur wn identity.” He drew frm his pride in Indian culture t create a style distinct frm Western designs. “I think f my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a cnversatin with them, and that’s hw I create niches and staircases and penings and gardens…my buildings are nt nly pure and clear but designed t anticipate changes.”
Aside frm his mdern wrks, Dshi was devted t creating wrks t benefit the pr. He designed the Aranya Lw Cst Husing Prject in Indre. The phtgrapher Iwan Baan, wh phtgraphed sme f Dshi’s wrks, described the artist as “the mst apprachable architect I knw. Even very pr peple in his public husing prjects knew him, which is exceptinal.”
14. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “versatile” in paragraph 1?
A. ppularB. mdestC. frward-lkingD. well-runded
15. What d we knw abut Dshi’s life?
A. He had a miserable childhd.
B. He regretted leaving schl early.
C. He made a cntributin t higher educatin in architecture.
D. He set up his cmpany under the guidance f Le Crbusier.
16. What des the authr want t illustrate by quting Dshi’s wrds?
A. The public supprt fr Dshi.
B. The riginality f Dshi’s wrks.
C. Dshi’s pen mind n Indian culture.
D. Dshi’s lve f architectural design.
17. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T define India’s mdern architecture.
B. T encurage peple t visit Dshi’s wrks.
C. T advertise Dshi’s architectural philsphy.
D. T give a brief accunt f India’s great architect Dshi.
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了印度建筑大師巴克里希納·多西。
14. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“he designed everything frm accessible husing prjects t the Indian Institute f Management in Bangalre(從無障礙住房項(xiàng)目到班加羅爾的印度管理學(xué)院，他的設(shè)計(jì)可謂無所不包)”可知，巴克里希納·多西可以設(shè)計(jì)普通民用住宅，也可以設(shè)計(jì)大型學(xué)院建筑，所有它是全能現(xiàn)代主義建筑師。由此可知，畫線詞可與D項(xiàng)well-runded“全能的”互換。故選D。
15. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“He traveled the wrld lecturing at universities, wrked with ther famus architects, and even funded the Center fr Envirnmental Planning and Technlgy (nw CEPT University) fcusing n understanding, designing, planning, cnstructing and managing human habitats.(他在世界各地的大學(xué)演講，與其他著名建筑師合作，甚至成立了環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心（現(xiàn)為CEPT大學(xué)），專注于理解、設(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃、建造和管理人類棲息地)”可知，巴克里希納·多西環(huán)球游學(xué)傳道建筑學(xué)知識(shí)，創(chuàng)辦了 CEPT大學(xué)的前身the Center fr Envirnmental Planning an Technlgy。由此可知，他對(duì)高等建筑教育做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。
16. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的““We did nt want t imitate smene else’s apprach,” he tld the Luisiana Museum f Mdern Art in 2018. “We wanted t find ur wn identity. ” He drew frm his pride in Indian culture t create a style distinct frm Western designs.(‘我們不想模仿別人的方法，’他在2018年對(duì)路易斯安那現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館說。‘我們想找到自己的身份?！麖膶?duì)印度文化的自豪感中汲取靈感，創(chuàng)造了一種與西方設(shè)計(jì)截然不同的風(fēng)格。)”和“my buildings are nt nly pure and clear but designed t anticipate changes.(我的建筑不僅純凈、清晰，而且能預(yù)見變化)”可推知，巴克里希納·多西在言辭中強(qiáng)調(diào)了其建筑的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，他不去追隨和模仿別人，而是追尋獨(dú)創(chuàng)。故選B。
17. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文高度贊揚(yáng)了巴克里希納·多西的成就，概述了他的生平。故選D。
（23·24上·惠州·期中）The input Dad has n my career is incmparable. My earliest memries are f Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening t his favurite sng by his favurite singer, and encuraging his little girl t pke (戳) keys randmly n the pian. Even watching Tp f the Pps, he wuld get s passinate abut music in it. We weren’t a religius family, but there was smething spiritual abut Dad’s cnnectin with music.
Music als became a surce f cmfrt fr me. I failed t d well academically at schl and had n friends. Being at schl cnsumed s much f my emtinal energy. Instead f ging t schl t learn stuff, I felt as thugh I was simply trying t get peple t like me. Things were better, but the nly time I truly felt happy was when I was at hme listening t music with Mum and Dad r writing sngs n the pian —and the lder I gt, the mre pwerful music felt.
Dad was always my biggest supprter. When I started giving live perfrmances at the lcal bar, he was the ne wh drve me there and back. Freeing up that time wasn’t easy fr an actr. His jb might mean three weeks in the Czech Republic r wrking with Gerge Lucas n The Adventures f Yung Indiana Jnes in Hllywd.
Dad has been invlved with sme amazing stuff, but Daddy Pig is the ne that’s had the biggest impact all ver the wrld. When I was flying t Australia fr my first tur, I was trying t find smething t watch n the little screen and I nticed they had Peppa Pig. If I’m missing hme and family, I always put it n. Daddy Pig is a fairly real versin f my dad —he lves chclate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying t mend them. Mum and Dad were friends with ne f the prducers f the shw and I ften wnder if he lked at my dad and thught, “That’s him …that’s Daddy Pig.”
18. What can we learn abut the authr’s father?
A. He was gd at writing sngs.
B. He was attached t music in his sul.
C. He encuraged her t play the guitar.
D. He was passinate abut watching TV series.
19. Hw did the authr’s father supprt her career?
A. By picking her up in a tight schedule.
B. By ding a demanding jb as an actr.
C. By watching her musical perfrmances.
D. By giving live perfrmances at the lcal bar.
20. Why did the authr mentin Peppa Pig?
A. It’s her favurite childhd cartn.
B. She saw her father thrugh Daddy Pig.
C. She tk pride in this wrld famus cartn.
D. It’s a cartn abut her hmetwn and mtherland.
21. Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr’s Dad?
A. Funny and hnest.B. Strict and hardwrking.
C. Famus and patient.D. Supprtive and influential.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者在父親的熏陶下，對(duì)音樂的熱愛，以及音樂也成了作者的慰藉。
18. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“My earliest memries are f Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening t his favurite sng by his favurite singer, and encuraging his little girl t pke (戳) keys randmly n the pian. Even watching Tp f the Pps, he wuld get s passinate abut music in it. We weren’t a religius family, but there was smething spiritual abut Dad’s cnnectin with music. (我最早的記憶是爸爸坐在廚房彈吉他，聽他最喜歡的歌手唱他最愛的歌，鼓勵(lì)他的小女兒戳鋼琴上隨意彈奏的鍵。即使看《流行音樂之巔》，他也會(huì)對(duì)其中的音樂充滿熱情。我們不是一個(gè)宗教家庭，但父親與音樂的聯(lián)系有一些精神上的東西。)”可知，在作者記憶里，父親是一個(gè)對(duì)音樂充滿激情的人，他與音樂有著一些精神上的聯(lián)系，故選B。
19. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dad was always my biggest supprter. When I started giving live perfrmances at the lcal bar, he was the ne wh drve me there and back. (父親總是我最大的支持者。當(dāng)我開始在當(dāng)?shù)鼐瓢蛇M(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演時(shí)，他開車送我接送我。)”可知，在作者在當(dāng)?shù)鼐瓢裳莩鰰r(shí)，作者的父親接送他，故選A。
20. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“If I’m missing hme and family, I always put it n. Daddy Pig is a fairly real versin f my dad —he lves chclate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying t mend them. (如果我想家了，我就會(huì)放這部動(dòng)畫片。豬爸爸是我爸爸的真實(shí)版——他喜歡巧克力蛋糕，他很有趣，通常在修補(bǔ)時(shí)會(huì)把東西弄壞。)”可知，作者提到《小豬佩奇》里的爸爸是因?yàn)樽髡咴谙爰視r(shí)，看到豬爸爸就像是看到了自己的爸爸，因?yàn)樨i爸爸是她爸爸的真實(shí)版，故選B。
21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dad was always my biggest supprter. (父親總是我最大的支持者。)”和文章第二段“Things were better, but the nly time I truly felt happy was when I was at hme listening t music with Mum and Dad r writing sngs n the pian —and the lder I gt, the mre pwerful music felt. (情況好多了，但我唯一真正感到快樂的時(shí)候是在家里和爸爸媽媽一起聽音樂或在鋼琴上寫歌——我年級(jí)越大，音樂就越有力量。)”可推知，父親是作者最大的支持者，故父親是支持的；父親喜歡音樂，作者真正感到快樂的時(shí)候就說在家里和爸媽一起聽音樂，故作者喜歡音樂是受父親的熏陶，故父親是有影響力的，故選D。
（2023·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
22. Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A. T deal with an emergency.B. T send water t the cmmunity.
C. T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D. T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
23. What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A. Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B. Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C. Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D. Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
24. Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A. It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B. It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C. It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D. It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
25. What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B. Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C. The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D. Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了由于活動(dòng)限制，Sct Chittle在社區(qū)建造了溜冰場(chǎng)，以供社區(qū)居民進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)。
22. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme.(在12月的一個(gè)寒冷的晚上，消防車到達(dá)了密歇根州沉睡的曼頓小鎮(zhèn)，沖向了Chittle的家)”、第二段“And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?(還有什么比滑冰更能讓人們出門的戶外活動(dòng)呢)”和第三段“It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.(12輛消防車才運(yùn)來足夠的水)”可知，在12月的一個(gè)晚上，消防車趕往Mantn，是為了幫助Chittle修建溜冰場(chǎng)。故選D。
23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline.(為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想，Chittle下載了如何建造溜冰場(chǎng)的說明，然后在網(wǎng)上訂購了3000平方英尺的防水布和一些木頭來建造墻壁)”可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)建溜冰場(chǎng)這一夢(mèng)想，Chittle在網(wǎng)上下載了建造教程并購買了所需材料。故選C。
24. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”(Chittle的鄰居Audrey Hker說道：“當(dāng)情況艱難時(shí)，是這個(gè)地方，它太棒了，因?yàn)槲覀兙墼谝黄?，變得平靜和快樂，而不是擔(dān)心?！?”可知，在形勢(shì)艱難的時(shí)候，Chittle建的溜冰場(chǎng)成了一個(gè)讓人們可以聚在一起，感到平靜和快樂，而不是擔(dān)心的地方。由此可推斷，Chittle建的溜冰場(chǎng)帶給社區(qū)居民慰藉和陪伴。故選C。
25. 詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合上文提到的Chittle為社區(qū)建溜冰場(chǎng)和劃線句的后文內(nèi)容“When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash.(當(dāng)社區(qū)聽說他花了多少錢來實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，每個(gè)人都挺身而出。一場(chǎng)籌款活動(dòng)帶來了大約1300美元的收入，人們給Chittle家里寄去了裝滿現(xiàn)金的信件)”可知，劃線部分表示善意并沒有在Chittle這里終止，同時(shí)Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故選B。
（23·24高二上·湖北咸寧·階段練習(xí)）I arrived hme frm wrk, my mind racing. I was scheduled t perfrm an experiment using a pricey piece f equipment, but I had spent the whle day wrrying abut the experiment which was n the tp f my agenda, and I amazingly lnged t shut ff my anxius thughts. S after dinner, I made a cup f ht chclate, stretched myself n my sfa, and pened a page. Almst instantly, my mind left behind the details f experimental design and stepped int a land f mnsters, magic dust, and man-like bears cmprising a wnderful wrld distinct frm my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Grwing up, I was virtually never a big fan f nvels. My classmates wuld be crazy abut the latest Harry Ptter bk, while my cpy sat cllecting dust n a shelf. Instead, I wuld chse t read thrugh the reference bks related t my disciplines fr better grades. After I started graduate schl, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal t me at all but I spent mst f my time n campus digesting research papers and textbks and my mind culdn’t handle prcessing fact-filled nnfictin bks at hme, t. S I knew that I needed t find a way t enjy reading again.
T help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s reslutin: I wuld read tw fictin bks per mnth fr the entire year. The result was an almst instant appreciatin f fictin, alng with many unexpected results including nes that have benefited my schlwrk.
What surprised me the mst was hw much I learned. Sme f the best bks I read were histrical fictinal stries happening in a realistic histrical setting. I learned abut life in different cuntries, as well as struggles peple there faced during difficult perids in their histries. The bks have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started t think mre deeply abut the diversity f issues in the scientific cmmunity and culd serve it, heart and sul.
26. What did the authr d t wipe ut the anxiety?
A. He drwned it in chclate.B. He cnducted an experiment.
C. He slept n the sfa leisurely.D. He escaped int a fantasy wrld.
27. What des the authr mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2?
A. Reading nvels was a waste f time.
B. Reading a gd bk was time well spent.
C. He was t busy t take gd care f his bks.
D. The Harry Ptter bk wasn’t as gd as expected.
28. Hw did the New Year ’s reslutin benefit the authr?
A. Mre sympathy went ut t him.
B. His mral values were strengthened.
C. He learned much abut religius diversity.
D. He gained new insight int his academic discipline.
29. What’s the best title f the text?
A. Reading: A Lifelng HbbyB. The Pwer f Research Papers
C. Nvels: Lve at Secnd SightD. The Benefits f Histry Reading
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者的閱讀之旅，隨著作者對(duì)閱讀的投入，作者也真正愛上了閱讀。
26. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“S after dinner, I made a cup f ht chclate, stretched myself n my sfa, and pened a page. Almst instantly, my mind left behind the details f experimental design and stepped int a land f mnsters, magic dust, and man-like bears cmprising a wnderful wrld distinct frm my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.(晚飯后，我泡了一杯熱巧克力，躺在沙發(fā)上伸伸懶腰，打開了一頁書。頃刻之間，我的思緒離開了實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)入了一個(gè)充滿怪物、魔塵和像人一樣的熊的世界，這是一個(gè)與我日常生活截然不同的奇妙世界。這正是我所需要的)”可知，作者消除自己焦慮的方法就是打開一本書，沉浸到一個(gè)幻想的世界之中。故選D。
27. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句子下一句“Instead, I wuld chse t read thrugh the reference bks related t my disciplines fr better grades.(相反，我會(huì)選擇閱讀與我的學(xué)科相關(guān)的參考書，以獲得更好的成績(jī))”可知，作者不是不閱讀，而是只會(huì)閱讀與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的參考書。由此可知，作者是覺得閱讀諸如《哈利波特》這樣的小說浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。故選A。
28. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The bks have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started t think mre deeply abut the diversity f issues in the scientific cmmunity and culd serve it, heart and sul.(這些書幫助我建立了同情和理解，帶來了一個(gè)意想不到的好處：我開始更深入地思考科學(xué)界問題的多樣性，并可以全心全意地為之服務(wù))”可推知，作者所閱讀的書讓他對(duì)自己的學(xué)科有了新的見解和看法。故選D。
29. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段可知，作者只會(huì)閱讀和自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的書籍，希望自己能取得更好的成績(jī)。根據(jù)文章第三段“T help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s reslutin: I wuld read tw fictin bks per mnth fr the entire year. The result was an almst instant appreciatin f fictin, alng with many unexpected results including nes that have benefited my schlwrk.(為了幫助我堅(jiān)持下去，我制定了一個(gè)新年計(jì)劃：一整年每個(gè)月讀兩本小說。結(jié)果是，我?guī)缀趿⒖叹蛯?duì)小說產(chǎn)生了欣賞，還有許多意想不到的結(jié)果，包括一些對(duì)我的學(xué)業(yè)有益的結(jié)果)”可知，作者開始閱讀小說之后有了許多意想不到的結(jié)果。由此可知，Nvels: Lve at Secnd Sight(小說：一見鐘情)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。
（23·24高三上·湖南常德·階段練習(xí)）An educatr with a passin fr getting children emtinally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lessn t students as a plar bear stayed n his shulder. The bear seemed t say “hi” t them abut climate change.
Gavin McCrmack is trying t bring the “amazing natural phenmena” t the fingertips f children in an attempt t get them t help stp rising sea levels and becme passinate abut climate change, which is threatening the hme f plar bears.
The primary schl teacher decided t jump headfirst int his teachings and spent ten days n an icebreaker heading twards the Nrth Ple. On the first day at sea, a plar bear climbed ut f the water right in frnt f him and nt an island where it was attacked by a grup f Arctic terns (北極燕鷗).
“Each day is different but s interesting,” McCrmack said. “This week, my dream t teach children abut the wnder f a plar bear with ne right ver my shulder came true.”
The mst memrable mment fr him while in the Arctic was when his ship reached the pack ice. The ship crunched (嘎吱地響) thrugh the ice as they reached 82 degrees nrth and the nise was deafening. Earlier this week he launched his new curse “Be the Change”, which is free t all schls natinwide. “Be the Change” is designed t empwer children, families and cmmunities arund the wrld t bring abut changes and make glbal impacts. “It takes a curse-related apprach t imprve the wrld in meaningful ways,” Mr. McCrmack said.
McCrmack hpes t teach the “l(fā)eaders f tmrrw” t include nature and the climate in every decisin they make. He is planning anther curse named “It Starts With Yu”, with the hpes f bringing purpseful educatin t as many children as pssible.
“Wrking alngside teachers, schls and students, we believe that when children are empwered t make real chices abut the future, the skills fr life are develped nt thrugh listening t what thers tell them, but thrugh experience,” McCrmack said.
30. Why did McCrmack head t the Nrth Ple?
A. T bserve an amazing natural sight.
B. T measure the rate f sea level rise.
C. T save plar bears frm extinctin.
D. T educate children in a real situatin.
31. What can we learn abut plar bears accrding t the text?
A. They are friendly twards human beings.
B. Climate change causes the lss f their habitats.
C. Arctic terns are their natural enemies.
D. Hunger drives them ut f water fr fd.
32. What des “Be the Change” aim t d?
A. T make a difference in imprving the wrld.
B. T change peple’s decisin-making methds.
C. T teach students t think twice befre making chices.
D. T develp students’ life skills thrugh experience.
33. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Climate Change — A Wrldwide Cncern
B. New Ways f Teaching Abut Climate Change
C. Jin Hands and Say N t Glbal Warming
D. An Interesting Trip t the Nrth Ple
【答案】30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一位教育者通過讓孩子們接觸真實(shí)的自然環(huán)境和動(dòng)物，來激發(fā)他們對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的熱情。
30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Gavin McCrmack is trying t bring the “amazing natural phenmena” t the fingertips f children in an attempt t get them t help stp rising sea levels and becme passinate abut climate change, which is threatening the hme f plar bears.(Gavin McCrmack正試圖把“神奇的自然現(xiàn)象”帶到孩子們的指尖，試圖讓他們幫助阻止海平面上升，并對(duì)氣候變化充滿熱情，氣候變化正威脅著北極熊的家園。)”可知，McCrmack希望通過在北極的教學(xué)，讓孩子們能夠親身體驗(yàn)到氣候變化的影響，從而更好地理解這個(gè)全球性的問題。因此，他前往北極是為了在真實(shí)的環(huán)境中教育孩子們。故選D。
31. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Gavin McCrmack is trying t bring the “amazing natural phenmena” t the fingertips f children in an attempt t get them t help stp rising sea levels and becme passinate abut climate change, which is threatening the hme f plar bears.(Gavin McCrmack正試圖把“神奇的自然現(xiàn)象”帶到孩子們的指尖，試圖讓他們幫助阻止海平面上升，并對(duì)氣候變化充滿熱情，氣候變化正威脅著北極熊的家園。)”可知，氣候變化正威脅著北極熊的家園。故選B。
32. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Earlier this week he launched his new curse “Be the Change”, which is free t all schls natinwide. “Be the Change” is designed t empwer children, families and cmmunities arund the wrld t bring abut changes and make glbal impacts.(本周早些時(shí)候，他開設(shè)了一門名為“Be the Change”的新課程，對(duì)全國所有學(xué)校免費(fèi)開放?！癇e the Change”旨在賦予世界各地的兒童、家庭和社區(qū)帶來改變并產(chǎn)生全球影響的能力。)”可知，“Be the Change”的目的是給世界各地的兒童、家庭和社區(qū)帶來改變并產(chǎn)生全球影響。故選A。
33. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“An educatr with a passin fr getting children emtinally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lessn t students as a plar bear stayed n his shulder. The bear seemed t say “hi” t them abut climate change.(一位熱衷于讓孩子們投入到拯救冰蓋的教育工作者給學(xué)生們上了一堂課，一只北極熊站在他的肩膀上。熊似乎對(duì)他們說講述了關(guān)于氣候變化。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了教育者M(jìn)cCrmack通過自己的行動(dòng)和課程，向孩子們傳授有關(guān)自然和環(huán)境的知識(shí)，并鼓勵(lì)他們成為改變世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，也就是文章主要講述了氣候變化教學(xué)的新方法。故選B。
（23·24高三上·江蘇徐州·期中）The best advertisement fr public transprtatin is seeing a bus whsh past lines f cars stuck in traffic. When transit is cnvenient, cmfrtable, affrdable and faster than driving, the service practically sells itself. That’s why a recent bus-lane bm in Ls Angeles is s welcme.
Since 2019, Metr and the city’s Department f Transprtatin have rlled ut nine new segments (路段) fr a ttal f 40 miles f bus lanes n sme f the mst crwded streets with high bus ridership, such as La Brea Avenue, Venice Bulevard and Alvarad Street. The gal is t have 100 miles in place befre the 2028 Olympics.
The result has been faster, mre reliable service fr passengers—and fr drivers stuck in traffic, maybe even a little bus envy. Better bus service is essential t get peple t jbs, schls and pprtunities, and t entice drivers ut f cars t help reduce planet warming emissins.
Great transfrmatin has taken place since. Transit advcates have pressed Metr and elected fficials t stp treating bus riders as an afterthught. Frmer Cuncilmember Mike Bnin, wh als sat n Metr’s gverning bard, pushed fr the creatin f the Bus Speed and Reliability Wrking Grup. With a clear gal—t speed up the buses—and a mandate (授權(quán)) frm plitical leaders, staff at the tw agencies were able t cut thrugh bureaucratic barriers that ften stymie (阻礙) public wrks prjects.
Bus Rapid Transit, r busways, with dedicated lanes and special stps, have faced resistance frm sme residents and business wners, wh wrry abut lsing car lanes r parking. The cmprmise is that mst bus riders get the benefit f bus lanes nly during rush hurs, frm 7 t 10 a. m. and 4 t 7 p. m. These rush-hur lanes will demnstrate the benefits f giving peple fast, cnvenient bus service, s L. A. ‘s plitical leaders will whleheartedly supprt mre dedicated busways and even 24-hur bus lanes.
34. What have Metr and the city’s Department f Transprtatin dne?
A. Making preparatins fr the 2028 Olympics.
B. Demanding the buses t run 40 miles per hur.
C. Arranging special bus lanes during rush hurs.
D. Calling n citizens t take public transprtatin.
35. What des the underlined wrd “entice” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Attract.B. Order.C. Frce.D. Beg.
36. What led t the transfrmatin?
A. Plitics.B. Public awareness.C. Ecnmy.D. Marketing management.
37. What des the last paragraph imply?
A. Sme residents resist busways.B. Mre car lanes r parking will be lst.
C. Business wners cnflict with bus riders.D. Public transprtatin may get mre supprt.
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇新聞報(bào)道。它介紹了洛杉磯公交車專用道的最新擴(kuò)建情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)了改善公交服務(wù)對(duì)乘客和駕駛員都帶來的好處。
34. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Since 2019, Metr and the city’s Department f Transprtatin have rlled ut nine new segments (路段) fr a ttal f 40 miles f bus lanes n sme f the mst crwded streets with high bus ridership, such as La Brea Avenue, Venice Bulevard and Alvarad Street.(自2019年以來，地鐵和城市交通部在拉布雷亞大道(La Brea Avenue)、威尼斯大道(Venice Bulevard)和阿爾瓦拉多街(Alvarad Street)等一些最擁擠、公交客流量最高的街道上推出了9個(gè)新路段，共計(jì)40英里的公交車道)”可知，地鐵和城市交通部在交通高峰時(shí)段安排公共汽車專用車道。故選C項(xiàng)。
35. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“The result has been faster, mre reliable service fr passengers—and fr drivers stuck in traffic, maybe even a little bus envy.(其結(jié)果是為乘客提供了更快、更可靠的服務(wù)，同時(shí)也為那些被堵在路上的司機(jī)帶來了些許嫉妒)”以及“help reduce planet warming emissins.”（有助于減少全球變暖排放。）可知，引起那些被堵在路上的司機(jī)的嫉妒，從而吸引他們放棄開車，推知entice意為“誘使”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
36. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Great transfrmatin has taken place since. Transit advcates have pressed Metr and elected fficials t stp treating bus riders as an afterthught. Frmer Cuncilmember Mike Bnin, wh als sat n Metr’s gverning bard, pushed fr the creatin f the Bus Speed and Reliability Wrking Grup. With a clear gal—t speed up the buses—and a mandate (授權(quán)) frm plitical leaders, staff at the tw agencies were able t cut thrugh bureaucratic barriers that ften stymie (阻礙) public wrks prjects.(從那以后發(fā)生了巨大的變化。公交倡導(dǎo)者向地鐵和民選官員施壓，要求他們不要再把公交乘客當(dāng)作事后才想到的人。前市議員邁克·博寧也是地鐵管理委員會(huì)的成員，他推動(dòng)成立了公交速度和可靠性工作組。有了一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)——加快公共汽車的速度——和來自政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的授權(quán)，這兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作人員能夠突破經(jīng)常阻礙公共工程項(xiàng)目的官僚主義障礙)”可知，是政治導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變。故選A項(xiàng)。
37. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bus Rapid Transit, r busways, with dedicated lanes and special stps, have faced resistance frm sme residents and business wners, wh wrry abut lsing car lanes r parking. The cmprmise is that mst bus riders get the benefit f bus lanes nly during rush hurs, frm 7 t 10 a. m. and 4 t 7 p. m. These rush-hur lanes will demnstrate the benefits f giving peple fast, cnvenient bus service, s L. A. ‘s plitical leaders will whleheartedly supprt mre dedicated busways and even 24-hur bus lanes.(擁有專用車道和特殊?？空镜目焖俟辉獾搅艘恍┚用窈推髽I(yè)主的抵制，他們擔(dān)心會(huì)失去車道或停車位。折衷方案是，大多數(shù)公交乘客只有在早上7點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)和下午4點(diǎn)到7點(diǎn)的高峰時(shí)段才能享受到公交專用道的好處。這些高峰時(shí)段的專用道將展示為人們提供快速、方便的公交服務(wù)的好處，因此洛杉磯的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將全心全意地支持更多專用公交專用道，甚至24小時(shí)公交專用道)”可知，本段講述了洛杉磯的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將全心全意地支持更多專用公交專用道，甚至24小時(shí)公交專用道，所以是暗示了公共交通可能會(huì)得到更多支持。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2023·重慶梁平·一模）Since we are vulnerable (脆弱的) when we sleep, sleep must play a critical rle, r evlutin wuldn’t have selected fr it. Early humans had t hunt, gather fd and prtect themselves. Thse activities cnsumed much time, s unless sleep served very imprtant purpses, thse wh slept less wuld have an advantage. Yet sleeping fr lng hurs f the night was kept fr years, but scientists had nly general ideas abut what happened during sleep. Recently, Dr. Chiara Chiarelli, a neurscientist, shared what sleep neurscience research has discvered.
Neural (神經(jīng)的) netwrks in the brain are cnnected thrugh synapses (神經(jīng)突觸) which allw signals t flw thrughut the brain and nt cells. During waking hurs, new learning can strengthen the cnnectins. Yu can think f knwledge acquired ver a lng time as a grup f well-cnnected neural paths. When yu learn smething new, new paths are cnnected t the ld. During the waking hurs, yur brain prcesses massive amunts f new insignificant infrmatin, say remembering where yu parked yur car. But that memry has t be preserved at least until yu reach the car. It establishes a new cnnectin t yur memry f what yur car lks like, a well-established “l(fā)d” memry. The brain creates s many cnnectins daily that particular circuits can be heavily burdened.
Dr. Cirelli explained that during sleep, a great many synaptic cnnectins are weakened s that cnnectins are mre available fr new learning the next day. Cntinuing with the parked car example, the exact lcatin f the parked car is nt needed again, s the cnnectins are weakened. In fact, if it were nt, yu might memrize hundreds f places where yu have parked, leading t cnsiderable cnfusin!
Yu dn’t have t be a scientist t understand that nt sleeping well affects next day functining — this is cmmn cultural wisdm. Dr. Cirelli’s research is an example f science shwing the “why” and “hw” mechanisms that underlie that wisdm.
38. What des the example f early humans shw?
A. Sleep wasn’t as imprtant as it is tday.
B. Our ancestrs had a hard time surviving.
C. Sleep is significant in the histry f humans.
D. Whever sleeps less enjys mre advantages.
39. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in paragraph 2?
A. Our memry can be kept ver a lng perid f time.
B. Our brain can be verladed with synaptic cnnectins.
C. Our brain’s neural netwrk is cnnected thrugh synapses.
D. Our new learning is based n well-established ld memries
40. What has Dr. Cirelli’s research discvered?
A. Sleep relieves synaptic burden.B. Sleep carries cultural wisdm.
C. Sleep bradens neural paths.D. Sleep stimulates brain develpment.
41. What’s the authr’s attitude t Dr. Cirelli’s research?
A. DubtfulB. Unclear
C. Dismissive (鄙視的)D. Apprving
【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹的是最近，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家Chiara Chiarelli博士分享的睡眠神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究方面的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
38. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Since we are vulnerable (脆弱的) when we sleep, sleep must play a critical rle, r evlutin wuldn’t have selected fr it. Early humans had t hunt, gather fd and prtect themselves. Thse activities cnsumed much time, s unless sleep served very imprtant purpses, thse wh slept less wuld have an advantage.(因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谒X的時(shí)候是脆弱的，所以睡眠一定起著至關(guān)重要的作用，否則進(jìn)化不會(huì)選擇它。早期人類必須狩獵、采集食物并保護(hù)自己。這些活動(dòng)消耗了大量時(shí)間，所以除非睡眠有非常重要的目的，否則睡眠較少的人會(huì)有優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”可知，早期人類的例子說明了睡眠在人類歷史上占有重要地位。故選C。
39. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Neural (神經(jīng)的) netwrks in the brain are cnnected thrugh synapses (神經(jīng)突觸) which allw signals t flw thrughut the brain and nt cells.(大腦中的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是通過突觸連接起來的，突觸允許信號(hào)在大腦中流動(dòng)并進(jìn)入細(xì)胞。)”和“The brain creates s many cnnectins daily that particular circuits can be heavily burdened.(大腦每天產(chǎn)生如此多的連接，以至于特定的電路可能會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)過重。)”可知，作者在第2段似乎傳達(dá)的信息是我們的大腦會(huì)因?yàn)橥挥|連接而超載。故選B。
40. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Dr. Cirelli explained that during sleep, a great many synaptic cnnectins are weakened s that cnnectins are mre available fr new learning the next day.(Dr. Cirelli解釋說，在睡眠期間，大量的突觸連接被削弱，以便第二天更容易獲得新的學(xué)習(xí)信息。)”可知，Dr. Cirelli的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠減輕突觸負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A。
41. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dr. Cirelli’s research is an example f science shwing the “why” and “hw” mechanisms that underlie that wisdm.(Dr. Cirelli的研究是一個(gè)科學(xué)的例子，它展示了這種智慧背后的“為什么”和“如何”機(jī)制。)”可知，作者對(duì)Dr. Cirelli的研究的態(tài)度是贊許的，故選D。
（23·24高三上·江蘇徐州·期中）Nuclear energy is ne f the cleanest pwer n earth. It is cleaner than any energy surce except wind. But that desn’t necessarily mean nuclear is the lng-term slutin fr the wrld because nuclear material is perhaps the mst pisnus matter n earth. In additin, uranium, the element mst cmmnly used in nuclear reactrs, is nt in limitless supply. But the biggest prblem is nuclear waste.
Hw can we deal with nuclear waste? The answer is simple—put them smewhere where they can stay, undisturbed, islated, frever. Finland is building just that. This regin is largely lacking in natural disasters. It really desn’t encunter any natural phenmenn that culd damage a nuclear waste strage site, especially if it’s 1, 500 feet undergrund. Beneath an island n the Finnish Baltic Sea cast, the cuntry is digging. They’ re building the very first permanent nuclear waste strage facility in the wrld in the stable bedrck 1,500 feet belw.
Currently they’ re just finishing their dig dwn, then very sn they’ll start filling the facility with nuclear waste. They’ll dig lng tunnels with small hles in which they’ll place nuclear waste then backfill the tunnels with clay t be left frever.
With this system, there’s near zer risk f nuclear material leaking ut int the grundwater and, nce it’s filled in the year 2120, it can just be left, frever. Because the material will be s far dwn and s difficult t get t, n human management will be necessary nce cmpleted.
N security, n maintenance, nthing which means it shuld be truly secure, but befre leaving it, Finland needs t fight against ne thing—human nature. As curius beings, it’s hard t fight a persn’s urge f discvery. If smene finds a mysterius structure frm thusands f years ag, it’d just be natural t want t pen it up, and that’s a prblem fr nuclear waste sites.
We essentially did just that with the pyramids in Egypt. These structures were built as the final, permanent resting places and we pened them up because we were curius. Opening the nuclear strage facilities wuld release radiatin int a future civilizatin, s we have t tell them t leave the sites alne, but that’s easier said than dne.
42. Why is Finland building a nuclear strage site deep undergrund?
A. The tunnels there are easy t dig.B. The supply f uranium is limited.
C. Mdern technlgy makes it pssible.D. N natural disaster can influence the site.
43. What human nature des the authr wrry abut?
A. Being curius.B. A desire fr security.
C. Being adventurus.D. A desire fr cntrl.
44. What is the authr’s attitude tward Finland’s actin?
A. Supprtive.B. Tlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Pessimistic.
45. Why are the pyramids in Egypt mentined?
A. T aruse peple’s curisity.B. T predict the site’s develpment.
C. T illustrate the authr’s cncern.D. T stress the imprtance f the prject.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. A 45. C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了芬蘭正在地下建造核廢料儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施，以防止泄漏，但人類好奇心可能成為問題。
42. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“This regin is largely lacking in natural disasters. It really desn’t encunter any natural phenmenn that culd damage a nuclear waste strage site, especially if it’s 1, 500 feet undergrund. (這個(gè)地區(qū)很少發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害。它真的不會(huì)遇到任何可能破壞核廢料儲(chǔ)存地點(diǎn)的自然現(xiàn)象，尤其是在地下1500英尺的地方。)”可知，芬蘭要在地下深處建造核儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)地區(qū)不受自然災(zāi)害影響。故選D。
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“As curius beings, it’s hard t fight a persn’s urge f discvery. If smene finds a mysterius structure frm thusands f years ag, it’d just be natural t want t pen it up, and that’s a prblem fr nuclear waste sites. (作為好奇的人，很難抑制一個(gè)人的探索沖動(dòng)。如果有人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)數(shù)千年前的神秘結(jié)構(gòu)，很自然就會(huì)想要打開它，這對(duì)核廢料場(chǎng)來說是個(gè)問題。)”可知，作者擔(dān)心的人類天性是好奇心。故選A。
44. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“N security, n maintenance, nthing which means it shuld be truly secure, but befre leaving it, Finland needs t fight against ne thing—human nature. As curius beings, it’s hard t fight a persn’s urge f discvery. If smene finds a mysterius structure frm thusands f years ag, it’d just be natural t want t pen it up, and that’s a prblem fr nuclear waste sites. (沒有安全，沒有維護(hù)，沒有什么意味著它應(yīng)該是真正安全的，但在離開它之前，芬蘭需要與一件事作斗爭(zhēng)——人性。作為好奇的人，很難抑制一個(gè)人的探索沖動(dòng)。如果有人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)數(shù)千年前的神秘結(jié)構(gòu)，很自然就會(huì)想要打開它，這對(duì)核廢料場(chǎng)來說是個(gè)問題。)”可知，作者對(duì)人類好奇心的擔(dān)憂，可以推斷出作者對(duì)芬蘭的行動(dòng)持支持的態(tài)度，但是，卻因?yàn)槿祟惖暮闷娑鴵?dān)憂是否能成功。故選A。
45. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“We essentially did just that with the pyramids in Egypt. These structures were built as the final, permanent resting places and we pened them up because we were curius. Opening the nuclear strage facilities wuld release radiatin int a future civilizatin, s we have t tell them t leave the sites alne, but that’s easier said than dne. (我們對(duì)埃及的金字塔就是這樣做的。這些建筑是作為最終的，永久的休息場(chǎng)所，我們打開它們是因?yàn)槲覀兒芎闷?。打開核儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施會(huì)將輻射釋放到未來的文明中，所以我們必須告訴他們不要打擾這些地方，但這說起來容易做起來難。)”可知，作者提到埃及的金字塔是為了說明人們會(huì)因好奇心而打開被視為永久安息之地的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而推斷提到金字塔是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)作者對(duì)核廢料儲(chǔ)存場(chǎng)所的擔(dān)憂。故選C。Hand Brake, Three Gears
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€5.00
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€11.00
€7.50
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