【近年高考考情】
1.（2023?新高考I卷?C篇）29題
2.（2023?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
3.（2023?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇）24題
4.（2023?全國(guó)乙卷?B篇）24題
5.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇）24題
6.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇）29題
7.（2022?新高考I卷?C篇）30題
8.（2022?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
9.（2022?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇）28題
10.（2021?新高考I卷?C篇）30題
11.（2021?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
12.（2021?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇）29題
13.（2021?全國(guó)乙卷?B篇）25題
【解題實(shí)用技法】
一、設(shè)問(wèn)方式
1. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
2. What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
二、實(shí)用妙招
在閱讀理解中，通常通過(guò)信息指代類(lèi)的題目考查考生對(duì)于上下文銜接關(guān)系以及文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。信息指代類(lèi)題目在高考英語(yǔ)中有兩種:名詞(短語(yǔ))指代題和代詞指代題。本專(zhuān)題我們就如何解答名詞(短語(yǔ))指代題進(jìn)行相關(guān)技巧的點(diǎn)撥。
解答名詞(短語(yǔ))指代題時(shí)，可以按照如下步驟進(jìn)行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名詞(短語(yǔ))所在句;
2.代入：將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入該名詞(短語(yǔ))，看意思是否通順;
3.匹配：聯(lián)系上下文，讀懂相關(guān)句子的含義，進(jìn)一步分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選出符合上下文語(yǔ)境的最佳答案。
二、思維導(dǎo)圖
1.利用釋義法猜詞
在說(shuō)明文尤其是科技類(lèi)說(shuō)明文中，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋。常見(jiàn)的有對(duì)該詞下定義或后跟同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等引出解釋說(shuō)明部分。
考例1（2022?全國(guó)乙卷?C篇29題）
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”對(duì)“maintenance”進(jìn)行了解釋?zhuān)释茰y(cè)maintenance是“維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”的意思，C項(xiàng)inspectin and repair與句中的inspect and repair對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。
2.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞
英語(yǔ)單詞可以通過(guò)添加詞綴、合成或轉(zhuǎn)化的方式構(gòu)成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學(xué)們要熟記一定數(shù)量的詞根、前綴和后綴，從而達(dá)到通過(guò)“解剖”一個(gè)單詞，對(duì)一個(gè)生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果。
考例2（2016?全國(guó)II卷?B篇27題）
27. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
原文：Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
解析：dwnside是由“dwn（向下）+ side（方面）”構(gòu)成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。因此，我們可以猜測(cè)該詞的意思是“不足，缺點(diǎn)”，故選B項(xiàng)。
3.利用因果關(guān)系猜詞
若畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞或短語(yǔ)前后句子之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，那我們便可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推知單詞或短語(yǔ)的意義。因果關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)。
考例3（2019?全國(guó)II卷?B篇25題）
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
原文：I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
【解析】由邏輯詞“s”可知，此處可以借助因果邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義句意。畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說(shuō)一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”應(yīng)該有“勸說(shuō)”的意思?！癮ppeal t feeling”意思是“打動(dòng)某人，喚起某人的情感”，故選B項(xiàng)。
4.利用對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞
運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比描述事物或現(xiàn)象是寫(xiě)作時(shí)常用的一種手法，作者常借用一些信號(hào)詞來(lái)提供相反信息，抓住這些信號(hào)詞，結(jié)合上下文意，我們就能夠快速推測(cè)出詞義。體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)很多，常見(jiàn)的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
考例4 （2020?新高考卷Ⅰ?D篇33題）
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
原文：Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
解析：利用對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù) “And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.”，研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)(應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯) 相反，你真正需要避開(kāi)的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“cntrary t”可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞與heavier peple含義相反。
5.利用語(yǔ)境法解題
有些猜測(cè)詞義句意題找不到以上標(biāo)志或線(xiàn)索，我們可以利用上下文提供的語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義句意。
考例5（2022?新高考II卷，B篇24題）
24. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
原文：We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn't even realize it's new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children's bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
解析：根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這很正常。而在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上看書(shū)時(shí)，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
6.利用同義關(guān)系解題
畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞或短語(yǔ)前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)我們可從熟悉的詞語(yǔ)中推知生詞的含義。常見(jiàn)的表示同義關(guān)系的詞或短語(yǔ)有and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
考例6（2015?四川卷?D篇44題）
44. What des the underlined wrd “ncturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
原文：And it is nt just rbins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are als being mre ncturnal.
解析：畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞前一句說(shuō)“不是只有知更鳥(niǎo)在人造光下會(huì)一直醒著”，而“als（也）”表明這一句與前面表達(dá)的意思相近，即“黑鸝和海鷗也更活躍”?！皀cturnal”應(yīng)該是“awake”的近義詞，意為“夜間活躍的”，故選A項(xiàng)。
7.利用生活常識(shí)解題
在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)境無(wú)法猜出詞義時(shí)，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識(shí)確定詞義。
考例7（2020?江蘇卷?C篇61題）
61. The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eat D. eat whatever is ffered
原文：Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
解析：此題考查“stmach”的生僻意思。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，有的人鍛煉前不吃早飯是受不了的，所以此處意為“如果可以忍受空腹的話(huà)，在吃早飯前去鍛煉比吃過(guò)早餐后去鍛煉好處更多”，故選B項(xiàng)。
【高考真題再練】
1.（2023?新高考I卷?C篇29題）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
2.（2023?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描繪) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
3.（2023?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇24題）
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
4.（2023?全國(guó)乙卷?B篇24題）
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice. D. Sciety.
5.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇24題）
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
24. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu.B. Jin yu in what yu’re ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living.D. Help yu t make the decisin.
6.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇29題）
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
29. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
7.（2022?新高考I卷?C篇30題）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
8.（2022?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
9.（2022?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇28題）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
10.（2021?新高考I卷?C篇30題）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (棲息地).
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
11.（2021?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
12.（2021?全國(guó)甲卷?B篇29題）
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a gd skater.
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
13.（2021?全國(guó)乙卷?B篇25題）
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (調(diào)查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】片段式
（23·24上·沈陽(yáng)·期中）The researchers said, “The finding is nt just useful fr the wrld’s gardens, but als fr farms grwing vital crps like rice and wheat. Drught-resistant crps culd help achieve sustainable fd security, which is an issue affecting many parts f the wrld right nw.” They added that ethanl was a useful and simple way t increase fd prductin all ver the wrld in times f drught. “The applicatin f ethanl t plants wuld be a ptent agricultural methd t enhance drught resistance in different plants,” said Mtaki Seki, the study’s lead authr. But, he warned that the ethanl needed t be used reasnably as higher cncentratin f ethanl prevented plants grwing. Seki added, “We will sn begin testing ethanl n plants in real fields.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “ptent” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effective.B．Basic.C．Fictinal.D．Necessary.
（23·24上·保定·期中）Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag. “New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jasn. “But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
2．What des the underlined wrd “vicarius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Psitive.B．Nvel.C．Indirect.D．Cmplex.
（22·23上·濟(jì)寧·期中）Many f the wrld’s aquifers already seem t be drying up. Twenty-ne f the earth’s 37 biggest aquifers are becming smaller, satellite data shw. The mst dried-ut aquifers are near big cities, farms, r dry regins. As grundwater stres dwindle, they hld less water t refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecsystems. In Califrnia, drying up the grund may even be causing small earthquakes.
3．What des the underlined wrd “dwindle” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Decrease.B．Develp.C．Frm.D．Crss.
（23·24上·河南·期中）Supprters f lab-grwn meat say it des nt require killing r hurting animals. They als say it helps diminish and ease the effects that feeding animals and animal waste have n the envirnment. But Martin said that if t little is prduced, and nly a small number f peple eat it, it will have little effect n the envirnment.
4．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnserve.B．Anticipate.C．Tackle.D．Decrease.
（23·24上·全國(guó)·期中）Let’s fast frward a year. Yu have been in yur psitin nw fr ne year, and yu are wrking with the same team. Yu are nticing that yur clleagues cntinue asking fr yur help ver and ver again. In fact, the nly time they cmmunicate with yu is when they need smething. Yu have been s helpful t yur clleagues and there has rarely been any return frm them.
In a very brad sense, it is advantageus t be kind t thers, and yur kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid frward. Hwever, yu need t be willing t say “n”. Recgnize when yur plate is already t full. When peple ask yu a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy, and attentin t give t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable saying “n” t thers and saying “yes” t yurself.
5．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．When yu’re t full t eat anything.
B．When yur kind acts get appreciated.
C．When yu shuld ask thers a favr.
D．When yu’re physically and mentally tired.
（23·24上·上?！るA段練習(xí)）The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
6．What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Great hnur.B．Outdated cncept.C．Self-relianceD．Excessive pride.
（23·24上·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Anther institutin funded by the Natinal Science Fundatin will analyze hundreds f simulatins (模擬) f aersl injectin, testing the effects n weather extremes arund the wrld. One gal f the research is t lk fr a sweet spt: the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.
7．What des the underlined wrds “a sweet spt” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The rainfall pattern f a regin.B．The mdest drp in temperature.
C．The injectin amunt f aersl.D．The number f extreme weather events.
（23·24上·樂(lè)山·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Albert Einstein nce said, “Life is like riding a bicycle. T keep yur balance, yu must keep mving.” In my case, it’s the ther way arund. In rder t keep mving, I must keep my balance—the balance between studies and activities, efficiency and prcrastinatin (拖延癥), academics and health, passins and dislikes. The new jurney is ging t be a hard ne, but if I set these gals, I believe I will make it thrugh t the end.
8．What des the underlined sentence “it’s the ther way arund” in the last paragraph mean?
A．It is the ppsite.B．It is difficult.
C．It is necessary.D．It is helpful.
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】語(yǔ)篇式
（23·24上·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
9．Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A．T deal with an emergency.B．T send water t the cmmunity.
C．T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D．T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
10．What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A．Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B．Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C．Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D．Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
11．Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A．It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B．It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C．It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D．It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
12．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B．Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C．The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D．Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
（23·24上·長(zhǎng)春·階段練習(xí)）Jse Albert Gutierrez’s life wuld never be the same again after finding a cpy f Anna Karenina by Le Tlsty in the garbage 20 years ag. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighbrhds at night and seeing deserted bks. It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library.
Clmbia’s capital city f Bgta has 13 millin residents and 19 public libraries. Hwever, these libraries tend t be far away frm where rural and prer cmmunities live. The ptin f buying new bks is nn-existent fr families struggling t make ends meet. Having access t a library f bks and being taken away t anther wrld while absrbed in a bk is a luxury fr the kids wh visit Gutierrez’s library.
Gutierrez grew up pr, and his family culd nt affrd t educate him beynd primary schl. Nevertheless, his mther was a keen reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutierrez, wh never let a lack f frmal educatin stp him frm reading classics by the likes f Victr Hug, Mari Vargas Llsa and Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Tday, his cmmunity library, called “The Strength f Wrds”, ccupies mst f his hme and is piled frm flr t ceiling with fictin and nn-fictin titles. Everything frm schl textbks t stry bks can be fund in his cllectin f mre than 20,000 bks!
The Strength f Wrds library pens every weekend. It is nt just schl-ging children wh are enjying the benefits f The Strength f Wrds library. Adults are als welcme t expand their hrizns and develp new skills t build a better life fr themselves.
Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity, Gutierrez is nt yet cntent t call it a day. He cntinues t search thrugh bins fr reading material and has even travelled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t sell his idea f building library frm unwanted bks.
13．What inspired Gutierrez t build the cmmunity library?
A．The dilemma he faced n the night shift.
B．The hbby he has started since childhd.
C．Famus nvelists he liked very much.
D．Abandned bks he came acrss at wrk.
14．What can we learn abut Gutierrez’s mther?
A．She was brn int a pr family.
B．She bught Gutierrez many bks.
C．She influenced Gutierrez greatly.
D．She enjyed reading Hug’s wrks.
15．What des the underlined phrase “call it a day” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Take the time.
B．Stp the wrk.
C．Make a change.
D．Receive a reward.
16．What des Gutierrez’s stry tell us?
A．A bk hlds a huse f gld.
B．The early bird catches the wrm.
C．Gd things cme t thse wh wait.
D．One man’s trash is anther man’s treasure.
（22·23上·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Yu’ve likely been unable t avid talk f the metaverse (虛擬空間/元宇宙) in the past few mnths. The term, first cined by sci-fi authr Neal Stephensn in a 1992 nvel, has becme a visin f the future f technlgy in ur lives. And if that is t be believed, it’s where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
“The metaverse is a further cmbinatin f ur physical and digital lives,” says Cathy Hackl f Futures Intelligence Grup. Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles (眼鏡), adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives. Yu culd attend cncerts and cnferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representatin f a nightclub r cnference center. Elsewhere, yu’ll shp fr shes in a virtual Nike stre r rder fd in a virtual McDnald’s and have it delivered t yur real-wrld hme.
“It’s the future f the Internet. But it’s als abut further cnnectivity,” says Hackl. S far, mst f the attentin arund the metaverse has been fcused n the cmpany frmerly knwn as Facebk, which rebranded last year as Meta in an indicatin f hw strngly it believes in the future f the metaverse. Funder Mark Zuckerberg wants a billin f us t live, wrk, and play in the metaverse by 2030.
But Hackl warns peple nt t view the scial media giant as the center f the metaverse. “It’s nt just ne cmpany,” she says. “N single cmpany can build it, either.” It’s als nt enabled by a single technlgy, even thugh right nw the way t “enter” the metaverse is t wear a pair f virtual reality gggles. While the early running may be made by Meta, the mmentum (勢(shì)頭) will be picked up by thers. And just because we have an idea f what the metaverse will lk like nw, it desn’t mean that’s what it’ll end up as, Hackl warns. “The way I explain it is we’re in a high-speed train, destinatin metaverse,” she says. “We dn’t knw the stps, but we kind f knw where we’re heading.”
17．What is the metaverse accrding t the passage?
A．It is just a wrd frm a sci-fi nvel.
B．It is a 3D virtual space that can cnnect future life.
C．It is where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
D．It is a virtual wrld that interacts with the real wrld thrugh VR gggles.
18．Why des the writer mentin cncerts and cnference in paragraph 2?
A．T intrduce hw the metaverse wrks.
B．T recmmend a new way f enjying life in the future.
C．T tell readers what his life will be like in the metaverse.
D．T prvide examples f hw physical and digital lives cmbine.
19．What can we knw abut Meta frm the passage?
A．It is the centre f the metaverse.
B．It is a scial media giant like Facebk.
C．It seems t take a leading part in the field f the metaverse.
D．It believes all f us culd live, wrk and play in the metaverse by 2030.
20．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．We wn’t stp until we realize the metaverse.
B．It matters wh will be in charge f the building f the metaverse.
C．Hackl is nt familiar with the train she tk but knws where t get ff.
D．Thugh nt knwing the prcess, Hackl is sure abut the bright future f the metaverse.
（22·23·鹽城·三模）In this age f screens, smartphnes, virtual assistants and vice-enabled speakers, we cnstantly receive visual and auditry (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) suggestins f things t d, prducts t buy, and media t cnsume. Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n.
In the spring f 2018, Mariadassu and Bechler, bth graduate students f Business, were sitting in a seminar (研討會(huì)), in which they were studying hw different types f messages affect decisin-making. They learned that peple generally perceive smene as mre intelligent when they cnvey spken infrmatin rather than delivering the same message in writing.
As they chatted after class, Mariadassu recalls, “We wndered, ‘What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins?’” They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.
Mariadassu, wh is pursuing her PhD in marketing, with Bechler, nw a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame’s Mendza Cllege f Business, ran a series f studies where the same infrmatin was presented t participants in different frms, including cmputer-generated audi that sunded like a smart speaker.
The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. “In thery, this shuldn’t prduce any difference in behavir,” Mariadassu writes in an email. “Hearing that yu shuld drink the pale beer r reading that yu shuld drink the pale beer is really ne and the same. The fact that it leads t psychlgically different experiences that are significant enugh t lead t a change in behavir is nt smething yu wuld expect.”
The effect was small but strng enugh t demnstrate a “cnsistent effect f auditry pwer”, Mariadassu says. She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with itsephemeralnature —“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away,” she says. Bechler agrees: “When smething disappears, it creates a kind f urgency t respnd.”
21．Why did Mariadassu and Bechler cnduct the studies?
A．T apply what they learned int real life.
B．T find ut what peple are mre intelligent.
C．T explre the reasns behind peple’s different behavirs.
D．T test if different types f messages affect recmmendatins.
22．What des paragraph 5 tell us?
A．The findings f the research.
B．The thery behind the research.
C．The applicatin f the research results.
D．The explanatin f the research prcess.
23．What des the underlined wrd “ephemeral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Uncertain.B．Temprary.C．Selective.D．Randm.
24．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Effect f Auditry Pwer Has Been Lng Neglected
B．Peple Act n Auditry and Visual Infrmatin Equally
C．Effective Recmmendatins Are Better Heard Than Seen
D．Decisin-making Has Little t D With Types f Messages
（22·23·江西·二模）Next time yu’re having truble slving a tricky puzzle, cnsider asking a nearby bumblebee. A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that these humble insects can actually learn t slve puzzles frm ne anther, suggesting that even sme invertebrates(無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物) have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”
“Nbdy’s really thught that invertebrates like bumblebees shw evidence f culture,” says Alice Bridges, an eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University. “Peple assume that they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs.” Bridges set ut t prve them wrng. T study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled sme bees t slve puzzle bxes. She trained sme bees t head-butt the red switch t get the sugar water and trained thers t push the blue switch. Then, Bridges placed these tutr bees int different clnies, alng with the puzzle bxes.
It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges gt stung multiple times and the furth sting sent her t the hspital. Bridges persevered, hwever, and the experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had learned t push the red switch, the ther bees usually pushed the red switch. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue switch, their fellw bees tended t d the same. In the cntrl clnies where there were n tutrs, the bees smetimes learned hw t pen the bxes, but never as efficiently r reliably.
The cnclusin, Bridges and her clleagues reprt in their new study tday, is that bumblebees can transmit certain behavirs—culturally. “Maybe culture isn’t that unusual,” she says. “Maybe it’s nt sme pinnacle(頂峰) f cgnitin that nly a few species have.”
“Many f us cnsider urselves special because we have culture and we can learn,” says Jessica Ware, an entmlgist. “The truth is that all we have fund abut animal culture means that human culture, nce thught unique, did nt appear ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(進(jìn)化的) fundatins.”
25．Hw did the bumblebees get the sugar water frm the puzzle bxes?
A．By pressing a buttn.B．By slving wrd puzzles.
C．By bursting pen the bxes.D．By turning the bxes upside dwn.
26．What can be inferred abut the experiment?
A．It cntradicts the frmer research.B．It shws that culture is unique t humans.
C．It has received wide recgnitin.D．It has brught Bridges much truble.
27．What des the underlined phrase “ut f the blue” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Slwly.B．Suddenly.C．Endlessly.D．Regularly.
28．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Can Insects Have Culture?
B．Can New Culture Be Created?
C．Hw D Bumblebees Tutr Peers?
D．Hw Will Invertebrate Study Be Expanded?
（22·23下·河南·階段練習(xí)）Michael Baker at the University f Trnt and Kevin Milligan at the University f British Clumbia recently analyzed survey data f parents in three cuntries — the United States, Canada and Britain. They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.
The finding surprised them because at least in a ppular view, parents suppsedly spend mre time with bys than girls. And Baker says that perceptin des tend t hld true fr lder children’s fathers tend t spend mre time with bys nce they are lder than age 4 r 5. When children are smaller, Baker says, parents spend abut the same ttal time with bys as they d with girls.
The ecnmists fcused their analysis n first-brn children in rder t see the difference clearly, fr it wuld muddy the waters t cmpare parents caring fr an nly child with parents caring fr their secnd r third child, Baker says. But they did find that the difference als shws up clearly amng twins (a by and a girl). Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) activities.
The big questin, f curse, is why these differences cme abut. Milligan says parents may be fllwing cultural cncepts and uncnscius biases (偏見(jiàn)) that suggest they shuld read with their daughters and have active play with sns.
It is als pssible, Baker says, that the csts f investing in cgnitive activities is different when it cmes t bys and girls. As an ecnmist, he isn’t referring t cst in the sense f cash; he means cst in the sense f effrt. “It is just mre cstly t prvide a unit f reading t a by than t a girl because the by desn’t sit still, yu knw, desn’t pay attentin,” he says, “these srts f thing.”
29．What did Baker and Milligan find?
A．Parents spend mre time with girls.
B．Fathers spend mre time with bys.
C．Parents d mre cgnitive activities with girls.
D．Parents are suppsed t read mre with bys.
30．What des the underlined phrase “muddy the waters” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Cause the waters t becme dirty.B．Make things mre cmplex.
C．Waste lts f time and effrts.D．Imprve accuracy f the results.
31．What d paragraphs 4-5 mainly fcus n?
A．Passible reasns fr the differences.
B．Cultural beliefs that parents ften hld.
C．Activities parents have with their children.
D．Different activities with parents between bys and girls.
32．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Bys and Girls Are Quite Different
B．Parents Need t Adpt Different Teaching Methds
C．Girls May Get Mre Teaching Time frm Parents
D．Bys May Require Mre Attentin frm Parents
（22·23下·河南·期中）A sng called Lnely Warrir (《孤勇者》) is always ringing in my ears. Six years ag, after hsting an annual ceremny fr my schl, I fund that my left leg was a little swllen, and very sn I culd barely walk. In fact, the swllen part became a fist-sized meatball that was s painful that I culd barely sleep. Of curse, I went t a lcal hspital, where I was given very bleak (不樂(lè)觀的) news-stesarcma, which means bne cancer.
I underwent chemtherapy (化療) fr the next tw years, and it was the wrst time f my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects f chemtherapy were killing me. I lst all f the hair n my bdy and I became ttally bald. I culd barely eat anything, even if felt hungry. I n lnger needed an alarm clck t wake up in the mrning. Instead, what wke me was my bdy telling me that I needed t vmit (嘔吐).
I had n idea where all this treatment wuld leave me, and the dreams I had nce nursed abut the future were entirely wiped ut. I wanted t feel the wrld and experience mre, s I stuck t the curse f treatment. As time went by, hwever, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects nw were far wrse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chpped ff, and the dctr said that might be the best thing t d, as lng as I culd cpe with the psychlgical and scial pressures afterward. I made my decisin very calmly, because I knew things culd nt be wrse than they were at that mment, and I was determined that this was just ne mre battle I wuld win.
Nw, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.
33．What can we learn abut the side effects f chemtherapy?
A．They made the authr suffer a lt.
B．They destryed the authr’s faith.
C．They were relieved after treatment.
D．They were mre bvius in the daytime
34．What was the authr’s decisin t deal with his cnditin?
A．Chpping ff his leg.
B．Turning dwn the dctr’s advice.
C．Giving in t the cancer.
D．Seeking psychlgical assistance.
35．What des the underlined wrd“weathered”in the last paragraph mean?
A．resistedB．survivedC．escapedD．prduced
36．What des the authr want t cnvey in the text?
A．A light heart lives lng.
B．A gd medicine tastes bitter.
C．Time wrks wnders.
D．One with faith braves any hardship.
（22·23下·嘉定·二模）Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created smething wild: a herd f cws flating n the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment n sustainable agriculture, called Flating Farm, can be fund in the prt f Rtterdam. The mdernist structure huses 40 cws, wh cllectively prduce sme 200 gallns f milk a day. In additin t helping nurish (滋養(yǎng)) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd.
Flds, extreme heating, drughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the fd system ff balance. The race t utsmart the cnstant attack f extreme weather has made the wrld f farming unrecgnizable frm what it was nly decades ag. A team f scientists in Mexic is develping wheat types that can adapt themselves t different climates, while Jack’s Slar Garden in Lngmnt, Clrad, is a testbed fr the emerging methd f slar farming.
Rtterdam has already established itself as ne f the mst climate-adaptive places in the wrld. Everything frm ffice buildings t entire neighbrhds are built n water in the city, which is 90% belw sea level. The Wingerdens’ Flating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Shuld a weather crisis arise, a waterbrne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A frmer prperty develper with a backgrund in engineering, Peter fund his inspiratin fr the Flating Farm in a climate disaster in New Yrk City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery f fresh fd t millins.
The Wingerdens’ mdel is ripe fr reprductin—which is exactly what the Flating Farm’s team f 14 are wrking n nw. Plans are under way fr a flating vegetable farm t mve int the space next t the current Flating Farm. Permit applicatins are als ut fr similar structures in Dubai, Singapre and the Dutch cities f Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new prjects will apply lessns learned frm Flating Farm. “Yu need t build a huse in rder t knw hw t build a huse,” Peter says. The biggest bstacles he sees ahead, hwever, are nt financial r physical, but rather plitical and administrative. “One f the biggest challenges we cme acrss wrldwide is regulatins. Cities need t have disruptivethinking, cities need t have disruptive departments, and cities need t have areas where yu can say: OK, this is the experimental zne.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling ff is f a different rder than the typical sustainability measures. “We are nt innvative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
37．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the Flating Farm?
A．It is the first mdern farming attempt t fight climate change.
B．It is a mdel f new agriculture in the age f climate crisis.
C．It has utsmarted ther frms f farming like slar farming.
D．It cpies a similar structure in Dubai ready fr reprductin.
38．It can be inferred frm the passage that ___________.
A．90% f the ppulatin in Rtterdam live belw the sea level
B．The New Yrk City is wrking hard t fight climate change
C．The lcal cmmunity will nt be fed withut new farming
D．Waterbrne facilities are necessary t the future f Rtterdam
39．The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A．in a daring and unusual wayB．in a fcused and lgical way
C．in a careful and detailed wayD．in a rude and unpleasant way
40．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Is Rtterdam Built n Water?
B．Can Flating Farming Survive?
C．Are Cws at Sea the Future f Farming?
D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture?
（22·23·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Obsessed with Kim Kardashian? Can’t get enugh f Bennifer getting back tgether? Chances are yu’re an idit——at least accrding t Hungarian researchers.
New research has suggested peple bsessed with Hllywd gssip and A-list celebs might nt be that smart―which will surely be a jarring revelatin fr thse wh lve tablids(八卦小報(bào))magazines.
The study, published in BMC Psychlgy late last year, claims that “there is a direct assciatin between celebrity wrship and prer perfrmance n cgnitive tests” measuring bth literacy and numeracy(計(jì)算能力).
The study asked 1,763 Hungarian adults t undertake a 30-wrd vcabulary test and a math test, befre cmpleting a “Celebrity Attitude Scale” questinnaire t determine their levels f interest in famus peple.
Researchers fund that high scres n the Celebrity Attitude Scale crrelated with lwer perfrmance n the tw cgnitive ability tests. Participants were als asked abut their incme, material wealth and levels f educatin in rder t gain the mst detailed picture pssible.
Hwever, the researchers were unable t determine whether celebrity bsessives perfrm prly n cgnitive tests because they used their brainpwer thinking abut A-listers, r whether they were bsessed with Hllywd gssip because they were already less intelligent t begin with.
In ther wrds, it’s unclear whether celebrity wrshiping is a cause r cnsequence f lw cgnitive functin.
“Future studies shuld seek further supprt fr ur suggestin that the cgnitive effrt invested in maintaining the absrptin in a favrite celebrity may interfere with the persn’s perfrmance in tasks that require attentin and ther cgnitive skills,” the researchers tld PsyPst in a recent interview. “Althugh ur research des nt prve that develping a pwerful bsessin with ne’s favrite celebrity causes ne t scre lwer n cgnitive tests, it suggests that it might be wise t carefully mnitr feelings fr them.”
While sme tablid magazine readers may feel persnally attacked by this research, flks n Twitter did nt seem shcked by the findings. “I dn’t think a study was needed t determine this,” wrte ne Twitter user. “What wrries me is that peple wh wrship celebs are nt ging t read this article ever,” anther added.
41．What d the underlined wrds “be a jarring revelatin fr” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Cme as a blw t.
B．Serve as an eye-pener fr.
C．Have a negative effect n.
D．Give a gd laugh t.
42．What can we learn abut bsessin with celebrities frm the research?
A．It is a sign f lwer intelligence.
B．It results in pr cgnitive functin.
C．It has t d with levels f educatin.
D．It is assciated with lwer cgnitive ability.
43．What d the researchers recmmend peple t d?
A．Invest mre effrt in attentin-demanding tasks.
B．Avid develping a pwerful celebrity bsessin.
C．Reduce the time spent reading tablid magazines.
D．Seek further supprt t address celebrity wrship.
44．Hw d Twitter users feel abut the research?
A．They feel persnally attacked by it.
B．They are surprised at its findings.
C．They are skeptical abut its result.
D．They cnsider it nt necessary.
（22·23下·浙江·階段練習(xí)）Fr several years, “fly n the wall” was Esther Ruth Mbabazi’s apprach t phtgraphy. Be invisible. Dn’t influence the scene. Then,in 2019, the 28-year-ld Ugandan had an pprtunity t d just the ppsite.
That’s when Mbabazi learned f the Gulu fr Wmen With Disabilities Unin (GUWODU), a prfessinal and scial center in a small city in Uganda’s nrth. There, she partnered with seven wmen n a prtrait series that was a celebratin f individuality and persnal expressin. “I was tired f the images I was seeing ut there, especially here in Uganda, where peple with disabilities are rbbed f their persnalities,” said Mbabazi. “They’re phtgraphed as peple wh can’t d anything. I didn’t want my images t lk like that.”
Over ne year, she made fur trips t Gulu and phtgraphed wmen she met, including a land mine survivr missing a leg, a deaf mther f fur, and a blind musician. They psed in custm dresses, created by a Kampala-based designer, against backdrps (背景幕布) f art and handiwrk they had made. When Mbabazi asked the wmen hw they wanted t be seen, they tld her: as capable, equal, Intelligent. In ther wrds,the dignity that Ugandans with special needs ften are denied.
Jyce Auma, 25, wh uses wheelchair, chse a blue patterned tp and skirt that cntrasted beautifully with the vibrant green and blue backdrp. Anther, Laker Irene Odwar, wh lst her leg in a land mine at age 16, chse a pale blue blazer and a shirt with a smart silk scarf.
On her last trip t Gulu, Mbabazi delivered large, framed cpies f the prtraits t thse wh psed fr them. As Mbabazi explains, “They said, ‘This shws me as I am in my full existence, my full bdy, as I am.’” Mbabazi hpes the phts will be exhibited publicly, t help change hw the wmen are seen, and treated, by thers.
45．The underlined wrds “fly n the wall” in the first paragraph means a phtgrapher wh .
A．takes phts withut being nticed
B．takes phts with careful arrangements
C．makes a great difference with phts
D．uses advanced technlgy in phtgraphing
46．What d the mdels Mbabazi chse have in cmmn?
A．They are gd at making dresses.
B．They are eager t becme famus.
C．They are disabled t sme degree.
D．They are int bright,vibrant clr.
47．Which f the fllwing can best describe Mbabazi’s phtgraphs?
A．Dull and cnventinal.
B．Distinctive and expressive.
C．Dreamlike and attractive.
D．Unrealistic and creative.
48．We can infer that the purpse f Mbabazi’s phtgraphs is t.
A．celebrate the individuality f Uganda wmen
B．shw the real life f wmen with disabilities
C．display the beauty f wmen in custm dresses
D．challenge the way the wrld sees disabled wmen
（23·24上·滄州·階段練習(xí)）Magnetic fields are prmising t be a useful tl in the hunt fr human settlements that have been lst t the sea ff the cast f the UK. An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力測(cè)定) data t seek Dggerland, the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there’s hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld.
The study cmes frm the University f Bradfrd in the UK. Their plan is t clsely lk at magnetmetry data gathered frm a prtin f the Nrth Sea and attempt t identify any strange anmalies (異常) that culd suggest the presence f archaelgical structures.
The team is especially keen t use these techniques t lk fr traces f human activities beneath the Nrth Sea since it’s thught t have been hme t sme f the largest prehistric settlements in Eurpe. Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag. Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers. Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here.
“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level, there’s a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity. That wuld be the mst imprtant part.” Ben Urmstn, PhD student at the University f Bradfrd, said in a statement. “We might als discver the presence f middens, which are rubbish dumps that cnsist f animal bnes, shells and ther bilgical material. that can tell us a lt abut hw peple lived.”
Remarkably little f the wrld’s ceans have been explred, let alne fr the purpses f archaelgy. Nevertheless, advances in technlgy are cntinuing t shw that the castlines are hiding cuntless traces f ancient human activities, even evidence f lng-lst civilizatins.
Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising. Nevertheless, we have t be patient. Just dn’t expect t stumble acrss the sunken city f Atlantis anytime sn.
49．Why is magnetmetry data used in this prject?
A．T trace the ice mvement.B．T measure Dggerland.
C．T find a lst ancient land.D．T explre the histry f Britain.
50．What d we knw abut Dggerland ver 8,000 years ag?
A．Its civilizatin is little knwn t us.B．It was a place that was ften flded.
C．It was a deserted island with few peple.D．Its lcatin has nt yet been cnfirmed.
51．What is Ben Urmstn’s attitude tward this analysis?
A．Uncaring.B．Subjective.C．Shcked.D．Favurable.
52．What d the underlined wrds ”stumble acrss“in the last paragraph mean?
A．Display.B．Assess.C．Restre.D．Discver.
（23·24上·達(dá)州·階段練習(xí)）Electrnic timing is lder than mst peple imagine and was used fr the first time mre than a hundred years ag at the 1912 Stckhlm Olympics. Initially, the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn was tasked with develping the technlgy, but it was the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt wh eventually created the final prduct.
At the same time, Carlstedt intrduced anther inventin: the finish line camera. The 1, 500-meter Olympic final was extremely clse with Arnld Jacksn frm Great Britain winning by nly 0.1 secnds. But it was impssible t decide n the silver medal since the tw Americans Abel Kiviat and Nrman Taber finished side by side. Fr the first time in histry, the utcme f an Olympic event had t be settled based n a pht finish when Kiviat was judged t be “slightly ahead”.
The significance f these tw inventins led a majr newspaper t write: “Electrnic timing at the Olympic Games. Simultaneus (同時(shí)發(fā)生的) timing and phtgraphy f cntestants. A brilliant idea!”
The next step in timekeeping was the pht-finish camera with a time stamp imprinted n each picture, which was intrduced at the 1932 Olympics in Ls Angeles. The 1948 Olympics saw the intrductin f anther inventin with the cntinuus slit camera (狹縫攝影機(jī)), where a film behind a narrw slit rlls (滾動(dòng)) with the same speed as the runners. Fur years later the clcks were cnnected t the slit camera giving a slutin f 1/100 s. But it was nt until 1972 that fficial times were recrded t the 100th f a secnd.
The next big step in the eighties was t make the camera digital t speed up the feedback (反饋). But the idea behind the slit camera was kept and is still the basis f all timing systems fr athletics used tday. The nly difference is that nw there is a very narrw sensr array ( 陣列傳感器) instead f the mving film.
After a century technlgy has reached the pint where the whle timing system can be stred in a smartphne. S in a way, the circle was clsed when SprintTimer, a sprts timer and pht finish app, was develped in the same place and precisely a hundred years after Ragnar Carlstedt.
53．What d we knw abut electrnic timing?
A．It was created in recent years.
B．It was first intrduced at the Olympics.
C．It was develped by the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn.
D．It was perfected by the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt.
54．What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The increasing need fr a finish line camera.
B．The excellent perfrmance f Arnld Jacksn.
C．The significant rle f Carlstedt's anther inventin.
D．The intense cmpetitin f the 1,500-meter Olympic final.
55．Hw was the digital camera in the eighties different frm the slit camera?
A．It avided the use f a mving film.
B．It rlled with the same speed as the runners.
C．It made a 100th-f-a-secnd recrd pssible.
D．It adpted a new idea fr all timing systems used tday.
56．What des the underlined part “the circle was clsed” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Further imprvement was discntinued.
B．The prblem was back t the rigin.
C．A new inventin was created.
D．The issue was reslved.

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