【近年高考考情】
1.（2022·新高考II卷·C篇）30題
2.（2020·新高考卷·C篇）29題
3.（2020·浙江卷·B篇）25題
4.（2019·全國II卷·A篇）21題
5.（2017·全國II卷·B篇）26題
6.（2017·全國I卷·C篇）29題
【實用解題妙招】
一、設(shè)問方式
1. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
二、實用妙招
在語篇中有時為了避免重復(fù)提及某一個詞或者短語，常常用指代詞表示，如:要求考生指出代詞it，they，ne等的指代對象。指代詞起連接語篇的作用，它能體現(xiàn)出語篇中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。解題時需要做到:
1.原文定位：返回原文，找出指代詞。
2.左顧右盼：找與其最接近的名詞，名詞性詞組或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
3.替換驗證：替換該指代詞，看邏輯是否通順，范圍是否一致。
三、思維導(dǎo)圖
【高考真題再練】
1.（2022·新高考II卷·C篇）30題
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。
28. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.”（在過去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse.”（然而，無論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個問題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說服司機(jī)們在開車的時候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來越糟糕。所以各種方法是無效的。A選項ineffective意為“無效的”，與此相符。故選A。
29. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.”（這項技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機(jī)是否使用了手機(jī)發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B 選項意為“是否司機(jī)使用了手機(jī)?！迸c此相符，故選B。
30. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，smething是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑椤８鶕?jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。受到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會在開車的時候使用手機(jī)。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
31. 主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機(jī)?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正地改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
2.（2020·新高考卷·C篇）29題
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬禮)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
28. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitatin.B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.D. His desire t regain health.
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
31. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A
【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。
28. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。
29. 詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。
30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬禮)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既體會到了友善和溫暖，也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，Mr Bissell欣賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因為被懷疑進(jìn)行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費爾干納，他參加了一個山區(qū)葬禮，然后參加了一個奇怪的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難過。由此可知，在旅途中，他經(jīng)歷了很多事情。結(jié)合選項，B選項(充滿事件的，多事的)可以表達(dá)此意。故選B。
31. 推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講述了他的書《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速觀察。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。
3.（2020·浙江卷·B篇）25題
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.
Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
25. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Increased length f green lights.B. Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing f traffic signals.D. Smth traffic flw n the rad.
26. What des Kevin Balke say abut adaptive signals?
A. They wrk better n brad rads.
B. They shuld be used in ther cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic n the rad.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriusly jammed.
27. What can we learn frm Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding t try new things.B. The ld methds still wrk tday.
C. It pays t put thery int practice.D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A
【分析】這是一篇說明文。美國華盛頓州的Bellevue采用了能隨交通狀況而調(diào)節(jié)交通燈時間的適應(yīng)性信號燈，大大緩解了交通壓力，也表明人們對于交通阻塞問題不再只是拓寬道路，而是能夠采用新方法。
25. 指代猜測題。That位于第二段句首，應(yīng)是指代第一段的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一樣，信號燈的時間也會變化)”可知，第一段主要講述的是信號燈的時間會靈活變化；“That is by design.”意為“那是有意為之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信號燈的靈活時間”。故選C項。
26. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways(但自適應(yīng)信號并不是解決擁堵道路的萬能藥)”及第二句中“thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此嚴(yán)重，只有減少道路上的車輛才能起有意義的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke認(rèn)為適應(yīng)性信號燈對于交通堵塞很嚴(yán)重的城市沒有太大幫助。故選D項。
27. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.(這些燈，被稱為適應(yīng)性信號燈，已經(jīng)大大減少了通勤的麻煩和花費)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches.(在Bellevue，對適應(yīng)性信號燈的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個在歡迎新方法的價值方面的榜樣)”可推知，從Bellevue的成功中可以得出，嘗試新事物是值得的。故選A項。
4.（2019·全國II卷·A篇）21題
My Favurite Bks
J Usmar is a writer fr Csmplitan and c-authr f the This Bk Will series(系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.
Matilda
Rald Dahl
I nce wrte a paper n the influence f fairy tales n Rald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciatin fr his strange and delightful wrds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bssy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re als aspiratinal.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s abut tw sisters—Eri, a mdel wh either wn’t r can’t stp sleeping, and Mari, a yung student. In trying t cnnect t her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discvers a wrld f diverse “night peple” wh are hiding secrets.
Gne Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit f me that didn’t want t lve this when everyne else n the planet did, but the hrrr stry is brilliant. There’s tensin and anxiety frm the beginning as Nick and Amy battle fr yur trust. It’s a real whdunit and the frustratin when yu realise what’s ging n is hrribly enjyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy nvel frm ne f the best strytellers arund. After a serius flu utbreak wipes ut 99.4% f the wrld’s ppulatin, a battle unflds between gd and evil amng thse left. Randall Flagg is ne f the scariest characters ever.
21. Wh des “I” refer t in the text?
A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.
C. J Usmar.D. Rald Dahl.
22. Which f the fllwing tells abut Mari and Eri?
A. Csmplitan.B. Matilda.
C. After Dark.D. The Stand.
23. What kind f bk is GneGirl?
A. A flk tale.B. A bigraphy.
C. A lve stry.D. A hrrr stry.
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D
【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了作家J Usmar選出的四本好書。
21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段J Usmar is a writer fr Csmplitan and c-authr f the This Bk Will series(系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.可知，下文介紹作家J Usmar選出的最好的讀物，所以下文中的“I”指的是J Usmar。故C選項正確。
22. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)After Dark中It’s abut tw sister—Eri, a mdel wh either wn’t r can’t stp sleeping, and Mari, a yung student.可知，故事講的是兩個姐妹——Eri是一個要么不睡，要么一覺不醒的模特，瑪麗，是一個年輕學(xué)生。所以After Dark中講述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C選項正確。
23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Gne Girl中的 the hrrr stry is brilliant.可知，這是一個恐怖故事。故D選項正確。
5.（2017·全國II卷·B篇）26題
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when Gerge Ry Hill, the directr f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, intrduced us in New Yrk City. When the studi didn’t want me fr the film - it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul — he std up fr me. I dn’t knw hw many peple wuld have dne that; they wuld have listened t their agents r the studi pwers.
The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that althugh there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV. We were respectful f craft(技藝) and fcused n digging int the characters we were ging t play. Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther — but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre(核心) f ur relatinship ff the screen.
We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back — he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
I last saw him a few mnths ag. He’d been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk abut it. Ours was a relatinship that didn’t need a lt f wrds.
24. Why was the studi unwilling t give the rle t authr at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studi pwers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famus enugh.
D. The directr recmmended smene else.
25. Why did Paul and the authr have a lasting friendship?
A. They were f the same age.
B. They wrked in the same theater.
C. They were bth gd actrs.
D. They han similar charactertics.
26. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Their belief.
B. Their care fr children.
C. Their success.
D. Their supprt fr each ther.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the test?
A. T shw his lve f films.
B. T remember a friend.
C. T intrduce a new mvie.
D. T share his acting experience.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者與Paul Newman之間的深厚友情。當(dāng)制片人不想讓我參演電影時，Paul Newman站出來為我說話，兩人因此而建立了深厚的友誼。在此后的很多年里，兩人一直相互扶持，相互鼓勵，因此兩人的深厚友情維系了很多年。
24. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“When the studi didn’t want me fr the film— it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul”制片人不想要我，他想要當(dāng)時比較出名的演員Paul,因此，可知作者當(dāng)時還不是很有名。故選C。
25. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther— but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre （核心）f ur relatinship ff the screen”可知，作者與Paul之間有著相似的性格特征，這讓他們的友誼天長地久。故選D。
26. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“We shared the brief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back”，我們都有這個信仰：如果你有幸獲得成功，你應(yīng)該有所回饋。下文“he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival”是作者舉的例子，因此“sharing that brught us tgether.”that指代前面提到的信仰。故選A。
27. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“I last saw him a few mnths ag. He’d been in and ut f the hspital.He and I bth knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk abut it”可知Paul已經(jīng)去世了，再結(jié)合前文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”，可推斷作者寫文章是為了懷念這位朋友。故選B。
6.（2017·全國I卷·C篇）29題
Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(聯(lián)合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s nt really a part f the American appetite,” Mran tells Natinal Public Radi’s reprter Neal Cnan. “What I’m hping t accmplish is that my generatin and yunger start t recnsider and understand that jazz is nt black and write anymre. It’s actually clr, and it’s actually digital.”
Mran says ne f the prblems with jazz tday is that the entertainment aspect f the music has been lst. “The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same,” says Mran.
Last year, Mran wrked n a prject that arranged Fats Waller’s music fr a dance party, “Just t kind f put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is cncert music,” says Mran. “Fr me, it’s the recntextualizatin. In music, where des the emtin(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) n hw t talk abut urselves and hw smething as abstract as a Charlie Parker recrd gets us int a dialgue abut ur emtins and ur thughts? Smetimes we lse sight that the music has a wider cntext,” says Mran, “s I want t cntinue thse dialgues. Thse are the things I want t fster.”
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as Internatinal Jazz Day?
A. T remember the birth f jazz.
B. T prtect cultural diversity.
C. T encurage peple t study music.
D. T recgnize the value f jazz.
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
30. What can we infer abut Mran’s pinin n jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It shuld keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Explring the Future f Jazz.
B. The Rise and Fall f Jazz.
C. The Stry f a Jazz Musician.
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述UNESCO把4月30號定為國際爵士樂日，希望意識到爵士樂的價值，但實際收效甚微。
28. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的UNESCO(United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(聯(lián)合) vice acrss cultures.可知，UNESCO把4月30號定為國際爵士樂日是為了讓人們重視爵士樂，意識到它的重要性以及它作為連接各文化的紐帶之聲的潛在功能，也就是為了讓人們意識到爵士樂的價值。故選D。
29. 代詞指代題。根據(jù)前文Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins可知，盡管UNESCO為爵士樂設(shè)了紀(jì)念日，但美國的爵士樂聽眾依然在減少，并且年齡在老化，爵士樂沒能將年輕一代人連接起來。再結(jié)合It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that(是Jasn Mran的工作是幫助改變那一情況)可推測，that指代的是前文中爵士樂在年輕一代人中失去吸引力的現(xiàn)象。故選C。
30. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same可知，Mran認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在爵士樂不能 以1908或1958年的方式來呈現(xiàn)，因為世界已經(jīng)不同了，所以爵士樂必須不斷進(jìn)步，說明隨著時代的 發(fā)展，爵士樂也要跟上時代才不會被年輕一代所拋棄。故選C。
31. 標(biāo)題選擇題。通讀全文可知本文主要講UNESCO為提高人們對爵士樂的重視而設(shè)立爵士日， 但實際收效甚微。有人認(rèn)為爵士樂應(yīng)隨著時代的進(jìn)步而進(jìn)步，否則將失去對人們的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士樂的未來，故選A。
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】
（19·20下·合肥·階段練習(xí)）On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dgs and thundering ver a city called Sunderland n the nrtheast cast f England. The strm lasted fr nly abut ten minutes. Peple were surprised t see that it was nt just rainwater falling frm the sky. There were fish falling dwn, t! Peple came ut t find ut what was happening. They culd nt believe their wn eyes. There were thusands f fish—sand eels (沙鰻)—lying n the grund. They were abut seven centimeters lng, and all were frzen slid (凍成硬塊).
Sand eels swim tgether in large grups, ften in sandy water, and are ften fund in large numbers in the Nrth Sea, which reaches ut t the east f Sunderland. Hw was it pssible fr these sand eels t fall frm the sky and land n Sunderland?
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstrm that afternn may have caused a watersput (水龍卷). Watersputs can be frmed when strng winds mve quickly in a circle ver water. They are s pwerful that anything less than ne meter in length can be taken int them and frced int the cluds. The cluds carry whatever has been taken int them fr lng distances —smetimes ver 150 kilmeters. It’s very cld up there and everything sn freezes slid.
Fr hundreds f years there have been reprts f small animals being taken int the sky thrugh watersputs. In 2009, dead tadples rained dwn n the city f Nana in Japan. In 2012, fifty kils f prawns fell frm the sky ver Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell n the castal city f Tampic in Mexic.
It must be a very strange experience t see fish raining dwn n yu. It wuld prbably hurt if ne fell n yur head! With climate (氣候) change and many reprts f terrible strms, will the time ever cme when it may really begin t rain cats and dgs?
1. What d we knw abut the sand eels that landed n Sunderland?
A. They were few in number.B. They came in different sizes.
C. They were still alive when landing.D. They prbably came frm the Nrth Sea.
2. What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Cluds.B. Watersputs.C. Strng winds.D. The waters f the sea.
3. The authr mentins the fall f tadples in Japan in 2009 in rder t shw that.
A. raining sea animals is nt new in histryB. the envirnment is nt pleasant in Japan
C. watersputs can reach as far as JapanD. different animals can fall in different cuntries
4. In the end, what des the authr prbably care mst abut?
A. Our health.B. Our envirnment.C. The wild animals.D. The news reprts.
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種奇特的自然現(xiàn)象——“動物”雨，及其形成原因。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sand eels swim tgether in large grups, ften in sandy water, and are ften fund in large numbers in the Nrth Sea, which reaches ut t the east f Sunderland.(沙鰻成群結(jié)隊地游動，沙鰻成群結(jié)隊地一起游泳，通常在沙質(zhì)水中，在桑德蘭以東的北海也經(jīng)常大量出現(xiàn))”可知，那些出現(xiàn)在桑德蘭市的沙鰻最可能來自與該市東部相連的北海。故選 D。
2. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Scientists believed the heavy thunderstrm that afternn may have caused a watersput (水龍卷). Watersputs can be frmed when strng winds mve quickly in a circle ver water.(科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，當(dāng)天下午的強(qiáng)雷暴可能導(dǎo)致了水龍卷。當(dāng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)在水面上快速旋轉(zhuǎn)時，就會形成水龍卷)”以及劃線詞所在句“They are s pwerful that anything less than ne meter in length can be taken int them and frced int the cluds.”可知，第三段主要解釋了導(dǎo)致 1918 年那次奇特自然現(xiàn)象的原因——暴風(fēng)雨導(dǎo)致了水龍卷，而水龍卷的威力很大，沙鰻被吸進(jìn)水龍卷里，并被卷進(jìn)云層，隨著云層移動 150 多公里遠(yuǎn)直至降落，劃線詞 them與其所在句中的They都指代watersputs (水龍卷)。故選 B。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Fr hundreds f years there have been reprts f small animals being taken int the sky thrugh watersputs. In 2009, dead tadples rained dwn n the city f Nana in Japan. In 2012, fifty kils f prawns fell frm the sky ver Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell n the castal city f Tampic in Mexic.(數(shù)百年來，一直有關(guān)于小動物通過水龍卷被帶向天空的報道。2009年，死蝌蚪如雨點般落在日本七尾市。2012年，50公斤的對蝦從斯里蘭卡上空墜落。2017年，魚落在了墨西哥沿海城市坦皮科)”可知，第四段為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句為主題句，說明了歷史上有很多類似于前文提到的下雨帶來動物的報道，這在歷史上并不新鮮。故選A。
4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It wuld prbably hurt if ne fell n yur head! With climate (氣候) change and many reprts f terrible strms, will the time ever cme when it may really begin t rain cats and dgs?(如果有一顆落在你頭上，可能會很疼！隨著氣候的變化和許多可怕風(fēng)暴的報道，真的會有大雨傾盆的時候嗎？)”可知，作者用與英文諺語 it was raining cats and dgs相關(guān)的表述it may really begin t rain cats and dgs，含蓄地表達(dá)了作者對目前環(huán)境的擔(dān)憂。故選 B。
（23·24上·河南·階段練習(xí)）Last Saturday, a pwerful earthquake struck the Philippines. It was first reprted as a magnitude (震級) f 7.2; this was later crrected t 6.8. Last Friday, a prt cllapsed in Glucester Harbr in Massachusetts. It was first reprted as a prt belnging t Cape Ann Ice, but later identified as a prt used by Channel Fish.
Crrectins and retractins (撤回) are cmmn-nt nly in the news, but als in science and in everyday life. The truble is that initial beliefs are smetimes hard t remve. Dzens f studies in experimental psychlgy have identified a phenmenn knwn as the cntinued influence effect that even after misinfrmatin is retracted, many peple cntinue t treat it as true. In ther wrds, it has a cntinued influence n their thinking.
Ecker and his clleagues designed an experiment in which 60 university undergraduates read a series f events that were written as pairs f news stries, half f which invlved a retractin in the secnd stry f sme misinfrmatin stated in the first stry. T measure the “cntinued influence” f the initial misinfrmatin, participants were asked a series f questins relevant t that aspect f the news stry. The researchers fund that peple’s reasning ften shwed an influence frm the initial, retracted claim, cnfirming previus finds.
The study’s authrs are cautius abut making strng cnclusins based n this single result. Hwever, they still suggest that unnecessary repetitins f misinfrmatin shuld be avided; if smene desn’t already believe the misinfrmatin, repeating it culd d mre harm than gd.
5. What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A. Raising the main tpic.B. Overviewing the whle article.
C. Shwing a prblem fr later slutin.D. Intrducing the backgrund infrmatin.
6. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The persistent influence.B. The misinfrmatin.
C. The infrmatin retractin.D. The psychlgical phenmenn.
7. What can we learn abut the experiment frm the last tw paragraph?
A. It is well designed.B. It needs t be mre interesting.
C. It takes ages t see the results.D. It makes us mre cautius during wrk.
8. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Is Misinfrmatin Useful?B. Crrectins and Retractins
C. Ways t Remember True InfrmatinD. Can Repeating False Infrmatin be Helpful?
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的錯誤信息是很難消除的。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Last Saturday, a pwerful earthquake struck the Philippines. It was first reprted as a magnitude (震級) f 7.2; this was later crrected t 6.8. Last Friday, a prt cllapsed in Glucester Harbr in Massachusetts. It was first reprted as a prt belnging t Cape Ann Ice, but later identified as a prt used by Channel Fish.(上周六，一場強(qiáng)烈地震襲擊了菲律賓。地震最初被報道為7.2級；后來被修正為6.8。上周五，馬薩諸塞州格洛斯特港的一個港口倒塌。它最初被報道為屬于Cape Ann Ice的港口，但后來被確定為Channel Fish使用的港口)”和第二段的“Crrectins and retractins (撤回) are cmmn-nt nly in the news, but als in science and in everyday life.(更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此)”可知，第一段通過實際例子說明更正和撤回很常見，因此第一段的功能是提出主題。故選A。
6. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Dzens f studies in experimental psychlgy have identified a phenmenn knwn as the cntinued influence effect that even after misinfrmatin is retracted, many peple cntinue t treat it as true.(實驗心理學(xué)的數(shù)十項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種被稱為持續(xù)影響效應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象，即即使在錯誤信息被撤回后，許多人仍然認(rèn)為它是真的)”，“In ther wrds(換句話說)”和“has a cntinued influence n their thinking(對他們的思維有持續(xù)的影響)”可知，此處指的是被撤回的錯誤信息也會持續(xù)影響人的思維，因此it指代的是“錯誤信息”，即The misinfrmatin。故選B。
7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Ecker and his clleagues designed an experiment in which 60 university undergraduates read a series f events that were written as pairs f news stries, half f which invlved a retractin in the secnd stry f sme misinfrmatin stated in the first stry. T measure the “cntinued influence” f the initial misinfrmatin, participants were asked a series f questins relevant t that aspect f the news stry.(Ecker和他的同事們設(shè)計了一個實驗，讓60名大學(xué)生閱讀一系列事件，這些事件被寫成成對的新聞報道，其中一半涉及對第一篇報道中出現(xiàn)的一些錯誤信息的第二篇報道的撤回。為了衡量最初錯誤信息的“持續(xù)影響”，參與者被問及一系列與新聞故事的這一方面相關(guān)的問題)”可知，這個實驗是被很好設(shè)計的。故選A。
8. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“Hwever, they still suggest that unnecessary repetitins f misinfrmatin shuld be avided; if smene desn’t already believe the misinfrmatin, repeating it culd d mre harm than gd.( 然而，他們?nèi)匀唤ㄗh應(yīng)該避免不必要的重復(fù)錯誤信息;如果有人不相信錯誤的信息，重復(fù)它可能弊大于利)”可知，本文主要講的是更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的錯誤信息是很難消除的，重復(fù)錯誤的信息可能弊大于利，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是D選項“Can Repeating False Infrmatin be Helpful?( 重復(fù)虛假信息有幫助嗎？)”。故選D。
（23·24上·紅橋·期中）On Nvember 7, Lewis Pugh cmpleted a ne-kilmeter swim in the freezing waters f King Edward Cve, ff Suth Gergia in Antarctica. He was wearing nly his swimming glasses, cap and Speeds!
Pugh is an advcate fr ur ceans and seas, wrking t prtect these ecsystem with their large diversity f marine (海洋的) life. When asked why he desn’t wear a wetsuit(防寒泳衣), Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”
It tk Pugh abut 19 minutes t cmplete the ne-kilmeter swim in Antarctica where the water averaged abut 1. 6℃. He says that his bdy can nly tlerate abut 20 minutes in the freezing waters befre it starts shutting dwn. As he swims, his bdy temperature steadily drps, which in turn causes his muscle cntrl t drp, slwing him dwn. When he is dne with his swim, his supprt team rushes him t a ht shwer and it takes almst an hur fr his bdy temperature t return t nrmal.
Dctrs and Pugh cautin that ne must receive mnths f training t swim in such cld waters. Even expert swimmers wh are unused t freezing water can drwn within minutes because f the physical shck experienced by the bdy. Pugh says he trained fr six mnths befre this swim.
This is nt the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerus cnditins. In 2007, he swam ne kilmeter in the Nrth Ple t draw attentin t the melting Arctic ice due t climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay f Whales in Antarctica’s Rss Sea as part f his successful campaign t help set up a marine reserve there.
9. Why did Lewis Pugh swim withut a wetsuit?
A. T swim faster.B. T shw his bravery.
C. T build up his bdy.D. T win public attentin.
10. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. His bdy.B. The water.
C. His bdy temperature.D. The water temperature.
11. What’s Pugh’s advice abut swimming in freezing waters?
A. One must be fully prepared.B. One shuld be expert at swimming.
C. One shuld be ready t take n challenges.D. One must be used t lng-distance swimming.
12. Which f the fllwing best describes Lewis Pugh?
A. Ambitius and self-centered.B. Hardwrking and single-minded.
C. Optimistic and envirnmentally friendly.D. Determined and envirnmentally cnscius.
13. What may be the best title fr the text?
A. Lewis Pugh: swimming fr a causeB. Hw t survive a swim in cld waters
C. Hw t prepare fr extreme swimmingD. Lewis Pugh: achieving the impssible
【答案】9. B 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了劉易斯?普格為了呼吁各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人采取行動保護(hù)海洋，在南極冰冷的水域完成了不穿防寒泳衣游泳一公里的壯舉。
9. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“When asked why he desn’t wear a wetsuit(防寒泳衣), Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”(當(dāng)被問及為什么不穿防寒泳衣時，劉易斯說：“我要求世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人盡一切努力保護(hù)我們的海洋。有時，他們需要采取的步驟是困難的和不受歡迎的。如果我要求他們勇敢，我也必須勇敢。穿著潛水服游泳不會傳達(dá)正確的信息。”)”可知，普格不穿防寒泳衣在冰冷的海水中游泳是為了展示他的勇敢，故選B。
10. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的“He says that his bdy can nly tlerate abut 20 minutes in the freezing waters”可知，他說他的身體在冰冷的水中只能忍受大約20分鐘，此處承接上文，是說20分鐘后他的身體就會被凍僵，動彈不得，由此可知劃線詞指代的就是“他的身體”，故選A。
11. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Dctrs and Pugh cautin that ne must receive mnths f training t swim in such cld waters.(醫(yī)生和普格警告說，要在如此寒冷的水域游泳，必須接受數(shù)月的訓(xùn)練)”可知，普格建議人們在冰冷的海水中游泳之前要做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，故選A。
12. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Pugh is an advcate fr ur ceans and seas, wrking t prtect these ecsystem with their large diversity f marine (海洋的) life.(皮尤是海洋的倡導(dǎo)者，致力于保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)海洋生物的多樣性)”以及最后一段“In 2007, he swam ne kilmeter in the Nrth Ple t draw attentin t the melting Arctic ice due t climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay f Whales in Antarctica’s Rss Sea as part f his successful campaign t help set up a marine reserve there.(2007年，他為了引起人們對氣候變化導(dǎo)致的北極冰層融化的關(guān)注，在北極游了1公里。2015年，他在南極洲羅斯海的鯨魚灣游泳，這是他成功幫助在那里建立海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的活動的一部分)”可推知，Lewis Pugh有環(huán)保意識且意志力堅定，故選D。
13. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“On Nvember 7, Lewis Pugh cmpleted a ne-kilmeter swim in the freezing waters f King Edward Cve, ff Suth Gergia in Antarctica.(11月7日，劉易斯?普格在南極洲南喬治亞州附近的愛德華王灣冰冷的海水中完成了一公里的游泳)”及第二段中的“Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”(劉易斯說：“我要求世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人盡一切努力保護(hù)我們的海洋。有時，他們需要采取的步驟是困難的和不受歡迎的。如果我要求他們勇敢，我也必須勇敢。穿著潛水服游泳不會傳達(dá)正確的信息?！?”結(jié)合本文主要講述了劉易斯?普格為了呼吁各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人采取行動保護(hù)海洋，在南極冰冷的水域完成了不穿防寒泳衣游泳一公里的壯舉。這篇文章最好的題目是“Lewis Pugh：為了一個目標(biāo)而游泳”，故選A。
（23·24上·浙江·期中）It’s well knwn that weightlifting can strengthen ur muscles. Nw, there’s increasing evidence that strengthening the muscles we use t breathe is beneficial t. New research shws that daily muscle training helps prmte heart health and reduces high bld pressure.
“The muscles we use t breathe tend t shrink as we get lder,” explains researcher Daniel, a physilgist at the University f Clrad Bulder. T test what happens when these muscles are given a gd wrkut, he and his clleagues recruited healthy vlunteers aged 18 t 82 t try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device. When peple breathe int it, the device prvides resistance, making it harder t breathe. “We fund that ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks lwers bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg,” Daniel says. Accrding t Jyner, a physician at the May Clinic wh studies hw the nervus system regulates bld pressure, that is the type f reductin with a bld pressure drug.
S, hw exactly des breath training lwer bld pressure? Daniel pints t the rle f endthelial (內(nèi)皮的) cells, which help widen ur bld vessels (血管) and prmte gd bld flw. “What we fund was that six weeks f the training will increase endthelial l functin by abut 45%,”Daniel explains.
The new study builds n a previus study and adds t the evidence that the training is beneficial fr adults f all ages. Befre the results came in, Daniel had suspected that yung, health y adults might nt benefit as much. “But we saw strng effects,” Daniel says, pinting t a significant decline in bld pressure fr participants f all ages. He says the finding suggests the training culd help healthy yung peple prevent heart disease and the rise in bld pressure that tends t ccur with aging.
The technique is nt intended t replace exercise, he cautins, r t replace medicine fr peple with high bld pressure. Instead, Daniel says, “it wuld be a gd additinal preventin fr peple wh are ding ther healthy lifestyle appraches already.”
14. Wh was mst likely t be a vlunteer in the study?
A. An adult wrking nearby.B. A pupil frm a lcal schl.
C. A senir with heart disease.D. A backpacker staying fr 2 weeks.
15. The underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refers t .
A. giving the muscles a gd wrkut.B. ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks.
C. regulating bld pressure by the nerves.D. lwering bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg.
16. What can be knwn abut the research result?
A. It was far frm satisfactry.B. It cnfirmed Daniel’s dubt.
C. It was cntrary t the previus study.D. It was beynd Daniel’s expectatin.
17. What des the text seem t advcate?
A. Muscle training t prmte ur health.B. Weightlifting t strengthen ur muscles.
C. Daily breath training t reduce bld pressure.D. Lifestyle appraches t preventing bld diseases.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。眾所周知，舉重可以增強(qiáng)我們的肌肉?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，加強(qiáng)我們用于呼吸的肌肉也是有益的。新的研究表明，每天的肌肉訓(xùn)練有助于促進(jìn)心臟健康，降低高血壓。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。
14. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“T test what happens when these muscles are given a gd wrkut, he and his clleagues recruited healthy vlunteers aged 18 t 82 t try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device.(為了測試當(dāng)這些肌肉得到良好鍛煉時會發(fā)生什么，他和他的同事招募了年齡在18歲到82歲之間的健康志愿者，讓他們使用呼吸阻力訓(xùn)練裝置嘗試每天五分鐘的技術(shù))”可知，一個在附近工作的成年人最有可能成為這項研究的志愿者。故選A。
15. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“We fund that ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks lwers bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg (丹尼爾說:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天做30次呼吸，持續(xù)6周，血壓會降低約9毫米汞柱)”可知，丹尼爾發(fā)現(xiàn)呼吸會讓降低血壓約9毫米汞柱，即“降低血壓約9毫米汞柱”是一種用降壓藥可以降低的血壓量。故劃線詞指的是“降低血壓約9毫米汞柱”。故選D。
16. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Befre the results came in, Daniel had suspected that yung, health y adults might nt benefit as much. “But we saw strng effects,” Daniel says, pinting t a significant decline in bld pressure fr participants f all ages.(在結(jié)果出來之前，丹尼爾曾懷疑年輕健康的成年人可能不會受益這么多。“但我們看到了強(qiáng)烈的效果，”丹尼爾說，他指出，所有年齡段的參與者血壓都顯著下降)”可知，研究結(jié)果超出了丹尼爾的預(yù)料。故選D。
17. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“S, hw exactly des breath training lwer bld pressure? Daniel pints t the rle f endthelial (內(nèi)皮的) cells, which help widen ur bld vessels (血管) and prmte gd bld flw.(那么，呼吸訓(xùn)練到底是如何降低血壓的呢？丹尼爾指出了內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的作用，它能幫助擴(kuò)張血管，促進(jìn)良好的血液流動)”以及最后一段“The technique is nt intended t replace exercise, he cautins, r t replace medicine fr peple with high bld pressure.(對于那些已經(jīng)在采取其他健康生活方式的人來說，這將是一個很好的額外預(yù)防措施)”可知，這篇文章似乎在提倡每天進(jìn)行呼吸訓(xùn)練，降低血壓。故選C。
（23·24上·濟(jì)寧·期中）Nature is ne f the greatest surces f inspiratin fr engineers and cmputer scientists t develp new technlgical tls. Over the past decade r s, rbticists have develped cuntless rbts inspired by the behavir and bilgical mechanisms f snakes, fish, birds, insects and cuntless ther animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed t increase the rbt’s stability are calculated using the s-called Lyapunv stability therem, which is a theretical cnstruct that describes the stability f dynamic systems.
Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (慣性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (傾斜的) angle.
While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment, the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance it within n mre than 3.5 secnds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.
18. What’s special abut the new rbt?
A. It is a bi-inspired rbt.
B. It is identical t an insect.
C. Its “tail”prmtes the stability cntrl.
D. Its wheels are used t sustain its balance.
19. Hw are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly develped?
A. By giving a definitin.B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasns.D. By making cmparisns.
20. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The adaptive cntrller.B. The bi-inspired rbt.
C. The tail-like cmpnent.D. The surrunding envirnment.
21. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. Reasns fr the research.B. Ptentials f the research.
C. Cmplexities f the research.D. Challenges f the research.
【答案】18. C 19. D 20. B 21. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京理工大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊開發(fā)的一種新的仿生機(jī)器人，該機(jī)器人可以用尾巴狀的機(jī)制來保持平衡。
18. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels.(北京理工大學(xué)的研究人員最近設(shè)計了一種新的仿生機(jī)器人，它可以使用尾巴狀的機(jī)制來保持平衡。該機(jī)器人由一個主體、兩個輪子和由自適應(yīng)控制器控制的尾翼組件組成，該控制器允許它在與機(jī)器人輪子平行的區(qū)域內(nèi)向不同方向轉(zhuǎn)動。)”可知，該機(jī)器人可以使用尾巴狀的機(jī)機(jī)制來保持平衡。故選C。
19. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (慣性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (傾斜的) angle.(多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的平衡兩輪車輛的方法是通過使用慣性測量單元(IMU)收集車輛的車身高度數(shù)據(jù)，這是一種可以測量作用在身體或物體上的特定力的電子設(shè)備。傳統(tǒng)的方法是處理IMU設(shè)備收集的數(shù)據(jù)，然后相應(yīng)地執(zhí)行平衡策略，通常是通過調(diào)整其傾斜角度。)”以及第四段“While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.(雖然許多方法都取得了令人滿意的結(jié)果，但該研究小組提出的設(shè)計引入了一種實用的替代方案，不需要調(diào)整機(jī)器人的傾斜角度。這是為數(shù)不多的受動物尾巴啟發(fā)的現(xiàn)有技術(shù)之一，可以在考慮環(huán)境不確定性的情況下增強(qiáng)輪式機(jī)器人的平衡性。)”可知，第三段和第四段將該機(jī)器人保持平衡的方法和現(xiàn)有的其他機(jī)器人保持平衡的方式進(jìn)行比較。故選D。
20. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment(研究人員在一系列測試中評估了這種尾巴狀機(jī)器人機(jī)制的有效性。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常有希望。當(dāng)機(jī)器人在測試環(huán)境中失去平衡時，)”以及劃線單詞前的“the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance(人造“尾巴”能夠重新平衡……)”可知，劃線單詞“it”指的是機(jī)器人。故選B。
21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.(在未來，這種類似尾巴的機(jī)制可以用來增強(qiáng)其他現(xiàn)有或新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人的穩(wěn)定性和平衡性。此外，作為這項研究的一部分，收集到的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以啟發(fā)其他機(jī)器人專家設(shè)計類似的尾巴狀部件。)”可知，最后一段主要講述了該研究未來的可能運用。故選B。
（23·24上·連云港·期中）Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life? Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius (傳染的) unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly, right? If they feel happy then yu feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then s d yu. Starting t get what I was talking abut in the beginning? Shuld yu be feeling like that? In certain situatins yes, but every time, n!
Yu may find it very hard t believe but it is NOT ur respnsibility t bear their feelings, this is smething that they have t d themselves. Apart frm this, we must als learn t cntrl ur feelings, and never ever be ruled by ur wn feelings.
Let me give yu my wn example here. In the middle f a fight between yur spuse (配偶) r partner, they will say, “Yu really hurt my feelings”. Smetimes, yu might even say: “Yu are making me angry”. What des this imply? It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. Whenever this happens, yu start blaming yurself, especially fr the emtins that thers are feeling. This is knwn as emtinal reflectin. Yu must learn t cntrl this r it will create c-dependency in relatinships which is very harmful.
What shuld be yur curse f actin here? It might seem rude when I say this but yu really need t hear it. YOU ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR HOW OTHERS FEEL! This ges sideways, thers are als nt respnsible fr hw yu feel and that is ur gal fr tday.
22. What is the functin f the first questin in Paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T share a ht game.
C. T entertain the readers.D. T explain the backgrund.
23. What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Yur partner makes yu angry.B. Yu hurt yur partner’s feelings.
C. Yur feelings are cntrlled by thers.D. Yu blame thers fr affecting yur feelings.
24. What can we infer abut emtins frm Paragraph 3?
A. Others can never cntrl yur emtins.B. Yu can’t be affected by thers’ emtins.
C. Grw with different emtinsD. Cntrl Emtins in prper ways
25. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Let G f Yur FeelingsB. Mind Yur Own Feelings
C. Grw with different emtinsD. Cntrl Emtins in prper ways
【答案】22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了情緒在我們的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒刂魄榫w。
22. 推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life? Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius (傳染的) unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly, right? If they feel happy then yu feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then s d yu. Starting t get what I was talking abut in the beginning? Shuld yu be feeling like that? In certain situatins yes, but every time, n! (你有沒有想過情感在我們生活中的重要性？情緒在我們的生活中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色，并且具有傳染性，除非你知道如何控制它們。讓我給你舉個例子：當(dāng)你和你愛的人在一起時，你的情緒會瞬間改變，對吧？如果他們感到快樂，那么你也會感到快樂，如果他們感到憤怒或悲傷，那么你也會感到憤怒或悲傷。開始明白我一開始說的了嗎？你應(yīng)該有這種感覺嗎？在某些情況下是的，但每次都不是！)”可知，第一段的作用是引入本文的主題，情緒在我們的生活中的重要性。故選A。
23. 詞句猜測題。由文章第三段中“It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. (這意味著你允許對方在情感上控制你。)”可知，這意味著你的感受是由他人控制的，this指代這句話。故選C。
24. 推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Let me give yu my wn example here. In the middle f a fight between yur spuse (配偶) r partner, they will say, “Yu really hurt my feelings”. Smetimes, yu might even say: “Yu are making me angry”. What des this imply? It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. Whenever this happens, yu start blaming yurself, especially fr the emtins that thers are feeling. This is knwn as emtinal reflectin. Yu must learn t cntrl this r it will create c-dependency in relatinships which is very harmful. (讓我給你們舉個例子。當(dāng)你的配偶或伴侶吵架時，他們會說:“你真的傷害了我的感情?！庇袝r，你甚至可以說:“你讓我生氣了”。這意味著什么？這意味著你允許對方在情感上控制你。每當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，你就會開始責(zé)怪自己，尤其是別人的情緒。這就是所謂的情緒反射。你必須學(xué)會控制它，否則它會在關(guān)系中產(chǎn)生相互依賴，這是非常有害的。)”可知，你必須學(xué)會控制情緒。故選D。
25. 標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius(傳染的)unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. (情緒在我們的生活中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色，并且具有傳染性，除非你知道如何控制它們。)”可知，文章主要介紹了情緒在我們的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒刂魄榫w。故選D。
（23·24上·煙臺·期中）Fr sharks, the Mesamerican Reef, which stretches ver 600 miles, is a busy highway. Sharks use it t find their way and it prvides them with fd and habitat.
But as with n-land highways, this superhighway can be dangerus. Overfishing, cmmercial develpment and illegal practices are endangering the species. “We’re seeing a cntinued decline in shark ppulatins. Our gal is t turn that rund.” says Rachel Graham, funder f Mar Alliance, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n cnserving sharks.
By mnitring sharks, Mar Alliance can cllect imprtant knwledge n the species t help infrm cnservatin and push fr plitical actin. But rather than acting in ppsitin t the lcal fishing cmmunity, MarAlliance enlists their help.
“They are the nes wh are n the sea every single day,” says Graham, “and they’re the nes wh decide the species’ future.”
MarAlliance emplys up t 60 fishermen acrss its range, mstly n a prject basis, training them t cllect data, recrd and release fish. Nt nly des this prvide an alternative incme t fishing cmmunities, making them less dependent n natural resurces, but it als teaches them abut the benefits f a healthy cean ecsystem and hw t fish sustainably.
Amng them, Ivan Trres, wh used t catch sharks t sell lcally as fd, has learned hw critical they’re t the whle ecsystem, saying he’d never fish sharks any mre.
If this attitude change cntinues t spread thrughut fishing cmmunities, Graham has hpe fr the shark ppulatins. “The primary threat t sharks is unquestinably verfishing,” she says, “By refrming the industry, ppulatins can bunce back.”
In 2020, Belize utlawed the use f gillnets, large panels f netting f trapping large sealife. The ban’s impact is already nticeable with a recrded 10-fld increase in shark ppulatins.
But such regulatins need t be cpied alng the whle superhighway fr lng-lasting impact, and cuntries need t find a sustainable balance between fishers and the fished. “We need t find a win-win strategy between fisher livelihds and shark survival,” Graham emphasizes. “I hpe that thrugh educatin and prviding an ecnmic alternative fr fishing cmmunities, MarAlliance will help ensure safe passage fr sharks alng the reef”.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the Mesamerican Reef fr sharks?
A. Rmantic but messy.B. Vital but insecure.
C. Adventurus but beautiful.D. Unfamiliar but reliable.
27. What des the underlined “they” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. MarAlliance.B. The fishers.
C. Mnitring authrities.D. The sharks.
28. What cntributed t Ivan’s attitude shift apart frm educatin?
A. A stricter fishing ban.B. The insurance payut he earned.
C. An ffer f extra wrk.D. The fishing cmmunities’ interventin.
29. What is mainly stressed in the last paragraph?
A. Slutin t verfishing.B. Difficulties facing MarAlliance.
C. Impact f existing regulatins.D. Features f internatinal cperatin.
【答案】26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了致力于保護(hù)鯊魚的非營利組織“海洋聯(lián)盟”對保護(hù)鯊魚的保護(hù)措施。
26. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Sharks use it t find their way and it prvides them with fd and habitat. (鯊魚用它來找路，它為它們提供食物和棲息地)”和第二段的“But as with n-land highways, this superhighway can be dangerus. Overfishing, cmmercial develpment and illegal practices are endangering the species. (但與陸地高速公路一樣，這條超級高速公路也可能很危險。過度捕撈、商業(yè)開發(fā)和非法行為正在危及該物種)”可知，中美洲珊瑚礁對鯊魚來說很重要但又充滿危險。故選B。
27. 詞句猜測題。由文章第三段中“But rather than acting in ppsitin t the lcal fishing cmmunity, MarAlliance enlists their help. (但是，“海洋聯(lián)盟”并沒有采取反對當(dāng)?shù)貪O業(yè)社區(qū)的行動，而是尋求他們的幫助)”以及第四段中“the nes wh are n the sea every single day (他們每天都在海上)”可知，每天都在海上的人是漁夫們。由此可知，劃線詞They指的是漁夫們。故選B。
28. 推理判斷題。由文章第五段中“Nt nly des this prvide an alternative incme t fishing cmmunities, making them less dependent n natural resurces, but it als teaches them abut the benefits f a healthy cean ecsystem and hw t fish sustainably. (這不僅為漁業(yè)社區(qū)提供了另一種收入來源，使他們減少對自然資源的依賴，而且還教會他們了解健康的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好處以及如何可持續(xù)地捕魚)”以及第六段中“Amng them, Ivan Trres, wh used t catch sharks t sell lcally as fd, has learned hw critical they’re t the whle ecsystem, saying he’d never fish sharks any mre. (其中，伊萬·托雷斯曾經(jīng)捕撈鯊魚作為食物在當(dāng)?shù)爻鍪?，他已?jīng)了解到鯊魚對整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，他說他再也不會捕撈鯊魚了)”可推知，漁業(yè)社區(qū)的干預(yù)促成了伊萬態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D。
29. 推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“But such regulatins need t be cpied alng the whle superhighway fr lng-lasting impact, and cuntries need t find a sustainable balance between fishers and the fished. “We need t find a win-win strategy between fisher livelihds and shark survival,” Graham emphasizes. “I hpe that thrugh educatin and prviding an ecnmic alternative fr fishing cmmunities, MarAlliance will help ensure safe passage fr sharks alng the reef”. (但是，為了產(chǎn)生持久的影響，這些規(guī)定需要在整個高速公路上復(fù)制，各國需要在漁民和被捕撈者之間找到可持續(xù)的平衡?！拔覀冃枰跐O民生計和鯊魚生存之間找到一個雙贏的策略，”格雷厄姆強(qiáng)調(diào)說。“我希望通過教育和為漁業(yè)社區(qū)提供經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇，海洋聯(lián)盟將幫助確保鯊魚沿著珊瑚礁的安全通道?！?”可推知，這些話強(qiáng)調(diào)了過度捕撈的解決方案，即需要在漁民生計和鯊魚生存之間找到一個雙贏的策略。故選A。
（22·23上·綿陽·階段練習(xí)）Peple were already knwn t cnsume micrplastics via fd and water as well as breathing them in. In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. Half the samples cntained PET plastic, which is cmmnly used in drinks bttles, while a third cntained plystyrene, which is used fr packaging fd and ther prducts. A quarter f the bld samples cntaincd plyethylene, frm which plastic carrier bags are made.
“Previus wrk had shwn that micrplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces (糞便) f babies cmpared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bttles are swallwing millins f micrplastic particles (微粒) a day. We als knw in general that babies are mre sensitive t chemical and particle expsure,” said Prf Dick Vethaak, a scientist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.“That wrries me a lt.”
The new research adapted existing techniques t detect and analyze particles as small as 0.0007mm. Sme f the bld samples cntained tw r three types f plastic. The team used steel syr?nge needles and glass tubes t avid pllutin and tested fr backgrund levels f micrplastics using blank samples.
Vethaak acknwledged that the amunt and type f plastic varied cnsiderably between the bld samples.“But this is a pineering study,”he said, with mre wrk nw necded. He said the differences might reflect shrt-term expsure befre the bld samples were taken, such as drinking frm a plastic-lined cffee cup r wearing a plastic face mask.
A recent study fund that micrplastics can attach t the uter membranes(膜) f red bld cells and may limit their ability t transprt xygen. The particles have als been fund in the placentas f pregnant wmen.
“Arc the particles preserved in the bdy? Are they transprted t certain rgans? And are these levels sufficiently high t cause disease?” Vethaak said.“Mre detailed research n hw micrplastics affect the structures and prcesses f the human bdy, and whether and hw they can transfrm cells and hw they may cause cancer, is urgently needed. The prblem is becming mre urgent each day,”Vethaak added.
30. What des the new study in Paragraph I shw?
A. Micrplastic pllutin is harmful t human health.
B. Micrplastics have been detected in human bld.
C. Drinks bttles cntain mre micrplastics than plastic carrier bags.
D. Fd packag?ng is the main surce f micrplastics in the human bdy.
31. What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The mass prductin f plastic bttles.
B. The impact f micrplastics n babies.
C. The undevelped digestive system f babies.
D. The increasing amunt f chemicals in fd.
32. What might cause micrplastics t vary between bld samples?
A. Diverse sampling time.
B. Pllutin f bld samples.
C. Different physical cnditins f dnatrs.
D. Shrt-term expsure t plastics befre sampling.
33. Which is the best title f the passage?
A. Studies f Plastic Prducts.
B. The Expectatin f Micrplastics.
C. Pineering Studies f Micrplastic Particles.
D. Studies f Micrplastics int Human Bdy.
【答案】30. B 31. B 32. D 33. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類血中存在微塑料。
30. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. (在一項新的研究中，科學(xué)家分析了22名健獻(xiàn)血者的血液樣本，并在17名獻(xiàn)血者中發(fā)現(xiàn)微塑料)”可知，微塑料已經(jīng)在人類血液中被測到。故選B項。
31. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中that的上文“babies fed with plastic bttles are swallwing millins f micrplastic particles (微粒) a day. We als knw in general that babies are mre sensitive t chemical and particle expsure (用塑料瓶喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒每天吞食數(shù)以百萬計的塑料微粒。我們也知道，一般來說，嬰兒對化學(xué)物質(zhì)和顆粒更敏感)”可知，that指代文提到的“微塑料對嬰兒的影響”，即微塑料嬰兒的影響讓Prf Dick Vethaak擔(dān)憂。故選B項。
32. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“He said the differences might reflect shrt-term expsure befre the bld samples were taken, such as drinking frm a plastic-lined cffee cup r wearing a plastic face mask. (他說，這些差異可能反映了在采集血液樣本之前的短期接觸，比如用塑料內(nèi)襯的咖啡杯喝水或戴塑料口罩。)”可知，導(dǎo)致微塑料在血液樣本之間的變化能是采樣前短期接觸塑料造成的。故選D
33. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. Half the samples cntained PET plastic, which is cmmnly used in drinks bttles, while a third cntained plystyrene, which is used fr packaging fd and ther prducts. A quarter f the bld samples cntaincd plyethylene, frm which plastic carrier bags are made.(在一項新的研究中，科學(xué)家分析了22名健康獻(xiàn)血者的血液樣本，在17名中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。一半的樣品含有PET塑料，這種塑料通常用于飲料瓶，而三分之一的樣品含有聚苯乙烯，這種塑料用于包裝食品和其他產(chǎn)品。四分之一的血液樣本含有聚乙烯，塑料袋就是用這種材料制成的。)”可知，本段引出文章的主題，即微塑料進(jìn)入人體的研究，接著文章詳述了研究的過程和方向，故D選項符合題意。故選D。
（23·24上·河南·期中）The dust settled earlier this week after attendees at the annual Burning Man festival were finally given the green light t leave after heavy rains turned the event grunds int a muddy pl that prevented tens f thusands f peple frm driving ut. Festival gers were tld t save fd and water until the grund dried sufficiently fr cars, trucks, and RVs t drive n.
Fr sme, the uncperative weather may remain nly an unfrtunate ftnte in the stried histry f this increasingly ppular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But fr thers, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannt escape frm the cruel realities f glbal warming.
One f Burning Man’s mst well-knwn principles is t “l(fā)eave n trace (痕跡)”, where partygers are encuraged t pick up every bit f pieces and “matter that is ut f place” in rder t leave the site in a gd state. Hwever, despite attendees’ effrts t leave n trace n the site itself, lcal residents in the nearest twn, have spken ut abut hw their twn has becme a junkyard after the event.
Then, there are the scientists wh say that the site’s delicate (脆弱的) ecsystem is put under great pressure each year. Thugh the pale sands f the desert may seem like they dn’t supprt much life, it’s actually an ancient, dried lakebed that reawakens under rain.
In fact, during the festival’s pening, a climate rganizatin blcked traffic temprarily frm entering the festival grunds, whse aim was t draw attentin t the fact that the event prduces abut 100,000 tns f CO? a year—90% f that cming frm travel as peple drive and fly t reach the festival.
Thugh Burning Man has taken measures t make the festival greener, sme prtesters (抗議者) are pinting ut that it’s simply nt enugh. Burning Man as a phenmenn has clearly reached a crssrads. Given the real envirnmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time fr rganizers and cmmunity members t rethink hw the festival cntinues ging frward.
34. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 prbably refer t?
A. The stried histry.B. The bad weather.
C. The huge event.D. The glbal warming.
35. What can be learned frm paragraph 3?
A. The partygers are nt respnsible at all.
B. Burning Man has set up the mst famus principle.
C. Lcal residents ften have an argument with attendees.
D. There is a gap between the rganizers’ wishes and reality.
36. Why did the climate rganizatin prevent the entry f traffic?
A. T reduce the risks f car accidents.
B. T limit the number f attendees.
C. T attract peple’s attentin t the festival.
D. T raise peple’s awareness f the carbn ftprint.
37. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. It Is Time t Rethink Burning ManB. Burning Man Is Lsing Its Appeal
C. Glbal Warming Is Ruining Our LifeD. Burning Man Met Heavy Rain
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. D 37. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了在一年一度的Burning Man節(jié)上人們遭遇大雨而引發(fā)的思考。
34. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Fr sme, the uncperative weather may remain nly an unfrtunate ftnte in the stried histry f this increasingly ppular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But fr thers, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannt escape frm the cruel realities f glbal warming.(對一些人來說，不合作的天氣可能只是這個自20世紀(jì)80年代以來一直舉辦的日益流行的藝術(shù)和音樂節(jié)的傳奇歷史中的一個不幸的腳注。但對另一些人來說，這是一個警鐘:如此重大的事件無法逃避全球變暖的殘酷現(xiàn)實)”可知，it指代上文中的the uncperative weather，即這種不合作的天氣對一些人來說是一個警鐘。故選B項。
35. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“One f Burning Man’s mst well-knwn principles is t “l(fā)eave n trace (痕跡)”, where partygers are encuraged t pick up every bit f pieces and “matter that is ut f place” in rder t leave the site in a gd state. Hwever, despite attendees’ effrts t leave n trace n the site itself, lcal residents in the nearest twn, have spken ut abut hw their twn has becme a junkyard after the event.(Burning Man節(jié)最著名的原則之一是“不留痕跡”，即鼓勵參加派對的人撿起每一塊碎片和“不合適的東西”，以便讓場地狀態(tài)良好。然而，盡管參加者努力不在場地上留下任何痕跡，但最近城鎮(zhèn)的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駞s公開表示，活動結(jié)束后，他們的小鎮(zhèn)變成了一個垃圾場)”可知，盡管Burning Man節(jié)的原則之一是“不留痕跡”，要求參加活動的人盡量不在場地上留下任何痕跡，但結(jié)束后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的小鎮(zhèn)成了一個垃圾場，由此推斷理想愿望和現(xiàn)實之間存在差距。故選D項。
36. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“In fact, during the festival’s pening, a climate rganizatin blcked traffic temprarily frm entering the festival grunds, whse aim was t draw attentin t the fact that the event prduces abut 100,000 tns f CO? a year—90% f that cming frm travel as peple drive and fly t reach the festival.(事實上，在慶典開幕時，氣候團(tuán)體暫時禁止車輛進(jìn)入慶典場地。他們的目的是提醒人們，慶典每年產(chǎn)生約10萬噸的二氧化碳，其中90%來自開車或乘飛機(jī)前往慶典現(xiàn)場的旅行)”可知，氣候組織暫時阻止了車輛進(jìn)入場地，是為了引起人們對這一事實的關(guān)注，即該活動每年產(chǎn)生約10萬噸的二氧化碳。故選D項。
37. 主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)最后一段“Thugh Burning Man has taken measures t make the festival greener, sme prtesters (抗議者) are pinting ut that it’s simply nt enugh. Burning Man as a phenmenn has clearly reached a crssrads. Given the real envirnmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time fr rganizers and cmmunity members t rethink hw the festival cntinues ging frward.(盡管Burning Man節(jié)已經(jīng)采取措施使節(jié)日更加環(huán)保，但一些抗議者指出，這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。Burning Man節(jié)作為一種現(xiàn)象，顯然已經(jīng)走到了十字路口?？紤]到它年復(fù)一年對環(huán)境的真正影響，組織者和社區(qū)成員可能是時候重新思考節(jié)日如何繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展了)”可知，文章介紹了在一年一度的Burning Man節(jié)上的大雨以及由此聯(lián)想到的Burning Man節(jié)給當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)以及環(huán)保方面帶來的問題，并在文章末段指出“組織者和社區(qū)成員可能是時候重新思考節(jié)日如何繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展了。”由此推斷A 選項“是時候重新思考Burning Man節(jié)”可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項。
（23·24上·岳陽·階段練習(xí)）Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register (登記) the bks they wn and wuld like t share. Bk Crssing prvides an identificatin number (識別碼) t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f Bk Crssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. Bk Crssing cmbines bth.”
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E— mails are then sent t the BkCrssers t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.
Bk Crssing is part f a trend (趨勢) amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual (虛擬).The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty—five cuntries.
38. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?
A. T explain what they are.B. T intrduce Bk Crssing.
C. T stress the imprtance f reading.D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.
39. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. An adventure.B. A public place.
C. The bk.D. The identificatin number.
40. What will a Bk Crsser d with a bk after reading it?
A. Keep it safe in his bkcase.B. Mail it back t its wner.
C. Meet ther readers t discuss it.D. Pass it n t anther reader.
41. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual TurB. Electrnic Bks: A New Trend
C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin BackD. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一個讓人們分享更多書的網(wǎng)站BkCrssing。
38. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.(想想那些屬于圖書小組的人。他們選擇書籍閱讀，然后見面討論。現(xiàn)在，BkCrssing網(wǎng)站顛覆了圖書小組的傳統(tǒng)理念)”可知，第一段提到bk grups是為了引出下面的網(wǎng)站BkCrssing。故選B。
39. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.(然后，這個人把它放在一個公共場所，希望這本書能有一次冒險，和每一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)它的讀者一起游歷各地)”可知，這本書會有一次冒險，和每一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)它的讀者一起游歷各地，it指代前邊的the bk。故選C。
40. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.(然后，這個人把它放在一個公共場所，希望這本書能有一次冒險，和每一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)它的讀者一起游歷各地)”以及第四段“Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.(會員們把書放在公園長椅、公共汽車、火車站和咖啡店。無論誰找到了他們的書，都會去現(xiàn)場記錄他們在哪里找到的)”可知，讀完一本書后，人們會把書放在某一個地方，讓發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書的人繼續(xù)讀這本書。故選D。
41. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.(現(xiàn)在，BkCrssing網(wǎng)站顛覆了圖書小組的傳統(tǒng)理念)”、第四段“Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.(會員們把書放在公園長椅、公共汽車、火車站和咖啡店。無論誰找到了他們的書，都會去現(xiàn)場記錄他們在哪里找到的)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一個讓人們分享更多書的網(wǎng)站BkCrssing，通過這個網(wǎng)站，網(wǎng)站會員不斷地讓書去遠(yuǎn)行，讓閱讀傳遞下去，所以“網(wǎng)站通過書籍鏈接人們”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D。
（23·24上·重慶·期中）Upn discvering her grandma Gergie’s clthing sketches (草圖) in 2021, Julia, a 27-year-ld TikTker, barely knew hw t sew clthes. Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. And it’s nt surprising at all, then, that when Julia shared her hard wrk with her abslutely delighted Grandma, and later her fllwers—mre than 21millin viewers tuned in t see what the mst adrable versin f Paris Fashin Week lks like. Oh, and what a sight it is.
When Julia first came acrss her grandma’s fashin design sketches that were almst three times as ld as she is, she was attracted by them. S were her unexpected TikTk viewers, 2.7 millin f them, wh shared Julia’s appreciatin f these drawings, leading t her first viral vide. “I knew grandma was talented, but I was like, ‘Ww, these are really much better than what I was envisining in my head’,” she tld Insider.
Using material leftver frm her grandmther’s cllectin f utdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many f the dresses Gergie envisined. She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. “Grandma encurages that,” Julia explains.
This nging cperatin acrss generatins has led t an extremely ppular TikTk series in which Julia shws Gergie what she’s created. It’s als sparked sweet cnversatins between the tw f them, which are shared n vide. “It’s a beautiful bnding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said.
“Lts f peple wh are lder and watch my vides say they lve seeing smene yunger appreciate smething frm their generatin,” she said. “And then yunger peple see it and maybe they lst their grandparents, and they say seeing my vides reminds them f their grandparents,” said Julia.
42. What used t be Gergie’s dream?
A. T set up a fashin schl.B. T becme a fashin designer.
C. T attend Paris Fashin Week.D. T create a ppular TikTk series.
43. What des the underlined “that” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Julia’s using leftver fabrics.B. Julia’s sewing her wn dresses.
C. Julia’s adjusting her grandma’s designs.D. Julia’s fllwing her grandma’s sketches.
44. What has led t the ppularity f Julia’s wrks n TikTk?
A. It fllws the latest fashin style.
B. It cnnects different generatins.
C. It reminds its viewers f their belved nes.
D. It encurages peple t make imprvements.
45. What kind f persn is Julia?
A. Sensitive and warm-hearted.B. Helpful and determined.
C. Ambitius and devted.D. Caring and talented.
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Gergie年輕時曾經(jīng)夢想成為一名服裝設(shè)計師。她的這一夢想多年后被自己的孫女Julia偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，從而得以夢想成真。
42. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. (盡管如此，她還是決定自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任，讓奶奶的設(shè)計師夢想成真。)”可知，Julia的奶奶年輕時的夢想是成為一名服裝設(shè)計師。故選B。
43. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. (她指出，她并不總是遵循她的“奶奶草圖”，因為在紙上看起來不錯的東西可能無法轉(zhuǎn)化為身體上。)”可知，Julia根據(jù)實際需要對奶奶設(shè)計的時裝圖案做了一些改動，而且奶奶鼓勵這件事。故選C。
44. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“This nging cperatin acrss generatins has led t an extremely ppular TikTk series in which Julia shws Gergie what she’s created. It’s als sparked sweet cnversatins between the tw f them, which are shared n vide. “It’s a beautiful bnding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said.(這種持續(xù)的跨宗派合作導(dǎo)致了一個非常受歡迎的 TikTk系列，Julia向Gergie展示了她創(chuàng)造的東西。這也引發(fā)了兩人之間的甜蜜對話，并被分享到了視頻中。她說:“這是我們之間親密無間的美好經(jīng)歷，讓奶奶很高興。”)”可知，Julia的視頻作品在TikTk走紅的原因是：它成為老年人與年輕人之間產(chǎn)生情感共鳴的紐帶。故選B。
45. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. (盡管如此，她還是決定自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任，讓奶奶的設(shè)計師夢想成真。)”和最后一段““Lts f peple wh are lder and watch my vides say they lve seeing smene yunger appreciate smething frm their generatin,” she said. “And then yunger peple see it and maybe they lst their grandparents, and they say seeing my vides reminds them f their grandparents,” said Julia. (她說:“很多看我視頻的老年人說，他們喜歡看到年輕人欣賞他們這一代的東西。”茱莉亞說:“然后年輕人看到它，也許他們失去了祖父母，他們說看到我的視頻讓他們想起了他們的祖父母?！?”可知，Julia想辦法讓奶奶的夢想成真，而且她的創(chuàng)作讓很多人欣慰，故她是有愛心的。根據(jù)第三段“Using material leftver frm her grandmther’s cllectin f utdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many f the dresses Gergie envisined. She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. “Grandma encurages that,” Julia explains. (朱莉婭用她祖母收集的過時面料的剩余材料縫制了許多喬吉設(shè)想的裙子。她指出，她并不總是遵循她的“奶奶草圖”，因為在紙上看起來不錯的東西可能無法轉(zhuǎn)化為身體。“奶奶鼓勵這樣做，”朱莉婭解釋說。)”可知，Julia并不是照搬奶奶的設(shè)計，她根據(jù)實際情況進(jìn)行了改動，可見她很有才華。故選D。

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