【近年高考考情】
1.（2023?新高考I卷?C篇）29題
2.（2023?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
3.（2023?全國甲卷?B篇）24題
4.（2023?全國乙卷?B篇）24題
5.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇）24題
6.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇）29題
7.（2022?新高考I卷?C篇）30題
8.（2022?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
9.（2022?全國甲卷?B篇）28題
10.（2021?新高考I卷?C篇）30題
11.（2021?新高考II卷?C篇）30題
12.（2021?全國甲卷?B篇）29題
13.（2021?全國乙卷?B篇）25題
【解題實(shí)用技法】
一、設(shè)問方式
1. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
2. What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
二、實(shí)用妙招
在閱讀理解中，通常通過信息指代類的題目考查考生對于上下文銜接關(guān)系以及文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。信息指代類題目在高考英語中有兩種:名詞(短語)指代題和代詞指代題。本專題我們就如何解答名詞(短語)指代題進(jìn)行相關(guān)技巧的點(diǎn)撥。
解答名詞(短語)指代題時(shí)，可以按照如下步驟進(jìn)行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名詞(短語)所在句;
2.代入：將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入該名詞(短語)，看意思是否通順;
3.匹配：聯(lián)系上下文，讀懂相關(guān)句子的含義，進(jìn)一步分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選出符合上下文語境的最佳答案。
二、思維導(dǎo)圖
1.利用釋義法猜詞
在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語進(jìn)行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。
考例1（2022?全國乙卷?C篇29題）
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”對“maintenance”進(jìn)行了解釋，故推測maintenance是“維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”的意思，C項(xiàng)inspectin and repair與句中的inspect and repair對應(yīng)。故選C。
2.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞
英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉(zhuǎn)化的方式構(gòu)成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學(xué)們要熟記一定數(shù)量的詞根、前綴和后綴，從而達(dá)到通過“解剖”一個(gè)單詞，對一個(gè)生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果。
考例2（2016?全國II卷?B篇27題）
27. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
原文：Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
解析：dwnside是由“dwn（向下）+ side（方面）”構(gòu)成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。因此，我們可以猜測該詞的意思是“不足，缺點(diǎn)”，故選B項(xiàng)。
3.利用因果關(guān)系猜詞
若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，那我們便可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推知單詞或短語的意義。因果關(guān)系的語境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)。
考例3（2019?全國II卷?B篇25題）
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
原文：I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
【解析】由邏輯詞“s”可知，此處可以借助因果邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義句意。畫線部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”應(yīng)該有“勸說”的意思?！癮ppeal t feeling”意思是“打動(dòng)某人，喚起某人的情感”，故選B項(xiàng)。
4.利用對比關(guān)系猜詞
運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折對比描述事物或現(xiàn)象是寫作時(shí)常用的一種手法，作者常借用一些信號詞來提供相反信息，抓住這些信號詞，結(jié)合上下文意，我們就能夠快速推測出詞義。體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的詞語很多，常見的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
考例4 （2020?新高考卷Ⅰ?D篇33題）
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
原文：Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
解析：利用對比關(guān)系猜測詞義。根據(jù) “And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.”，研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)(應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯) 相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“cntrary t”可知，畫線詞與heavier peple含義相反。
5.利用語境法解題
有些猜測詞義句意題找不到以上標(biāo)志或線索，我們可以利用上下文提供的語境進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測詞義句意。
考例5（2022?新高考II卷，B篇24題）
24. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
原文：We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn't even realize it's new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children's bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
解析：根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上看書時(shí)，尤其清楚認(rèn)識到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
6.利用同義關(guān)系解題
畫線單詞或短語前后有時(shí)會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。常見的表示同義關(guān)系的詞或短語有and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
考例6（2015?四川卷?D篇44題）
44. What des the underlined wrd “ncturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
原文：And it is nt just rbins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are als being mre ncturnal.
解析：畫線單詞前一句說“不是只有知更鳥在人造光下會一直醒著”，而“als（也）”表明這一句與前面表達(dá)的意思相近，即“黑鸝和海鷗也更活躍”?！皀cturnal”應(yīng)該是“awake”的近義詞，意為“夜間活躍的”，故選A項(xiàng)。
7.利用生活常識解題
在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語境無法猜出詞義時(shí)，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識確定詞義。
考例7（2020?江蘇卷?C篇61題）
61. The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eat D. eat whatever is ffered
原文：Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
解析：此題考查“stmach”的生僻意思。根據(jù)生活常識可知，有的人鍛煉前不吃早飯是受不了的，所以此處意為“如果可以忍受空腹的話，在吃早飯前去鍛煉比吃過早餐后去鍛煉好處更多”，故選B項(xiàng)。
【高考真題再練】
1.（2023?新高考I卷?C篇29題）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
29.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng))”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。
2.（2023?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描繪) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們在家里或?qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場景，這本書是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (這些場景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了一些時(shí)刻)”可推知，此處指書籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶，故與畫線短語“relate t”意思最相近的為A項(xiàng)“理解、認(rèn)識到”。故選A。
3.（2023?全國甲卷?B篇24題）
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
24.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C項(xiàng)“A specialist (一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“a dab hand”的意思。故選C。
4.（2023?全國乙卷?B篇24題）
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice. D. Sciety.
34.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以cnversatin指的是“歷史”。故選B。
5.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇24題）
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
24. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu.B. Jin yu in what yu’re ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living.D. Help yu t make the decisin.
24.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分前文“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t(如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在這個(gè)過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如果你在一個(gè)不總是支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此推知，劃線詞組jump n that bandwagn與Jin yu in what yu’re ding.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故選B。
6.（2023?浙江1月卷?B篇29題）
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
29. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
29.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(盡管Prject Debater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點(diǎn)。它從文檔庫和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會導(dǎo)致人類不會犯的錯(cuò)誤。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫無疑問會被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯(cuò)誤會被糾正，被解決”，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯(cuò)誤”，和errrs意思相近，故選C。
7.（2022?新高考I卷?C篇30題）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
30. C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
8.（2022?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
30. D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，smething是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會在開車的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
9.（2022?全國甲卷?B篇28題）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
28. A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。
10.（2021?新高考I卷?C篇30題）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (棲息地).
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.(美洲原住民明智地保護(hù)了這些寶貴的自然資源。不幸的是，僅僅幾十年的探險(xiǎn)家和定居者就decimate這些資源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述美洲原住民保護(hù)這些寶貴的自然資源，所以后句表示探險(xiǎn)家和定居者破壞了這些自然資源，推測劃線單詞表示“破壞”，與destry同義。故選C。
11.（2021?新高考II卷?C篇30題）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
25.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動(dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我們早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
12.（2021?全國甲卷?B篇29題）
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a gd skater.
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
29. B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義。
13.（2021?全國乙卷?B篇25題）
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (調(diào)查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.
25. A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個(gè)調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“cncede”意為“承認(rèn)”。
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】片段式
（23·24上·沈陽·期中）The researchers said, “The finding is nt just useful fr the wrld’s gardens, but als fr farms grwing vital crps like rice and wheat. Drught-resistant crps culd help achieve sustainable fd security, which is an issue affecting many parts f the wrld right nw.” They added that ethanl was a useful and simple way t increase fd prductin all ver the wrld in times f drught. “The applicatin f ethanl t plants wuld be a ptent agricultural methd t enhance drught resistance in different plants,” said Mtaki Seki, the study’s lead authr. But, he warned that the ethanl needed t be used reasnably as higher cncentratin f ethanl prevented plants grwing. Seki added, “We will sn begin testing ethanl n plants in real fields.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “ptent” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effective.B．Basic.C．Fictinal.D．Necessary.
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“They added that ethanl was a useful and simple way t increase fd prductin all ver the wrld in times f drught. (他們補(bǔ)充說，在干旱時(shí)期，乙醇是增加世界各地糧食產(chǎn)量的一種有用而簡單的方法)”以及后文“agricultural methd t enhance drught resistance in varius plants (提高各種植物抗旱性的農(nóng)業(yè)方法)”可推斷，在干旱時(shí)期，乙醇是增加世界各地糧食產(chǎn)量的一種有用而簡單的方法，所以將乙醇應(yīng)用于植物將是一種有效的農(nóng)業(yè)方法，可以增強(qiáng)各種植物的抗旱性。故畫線詞意思是“有效的”。故選A。
（23·24上·保定·期中）Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag. “New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jasn. “But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
2．What des the underlined wrd “vicarius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Psitive.B．Nvel.C．Indirect.D．Cmplex.
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years(近年來，與大自然進(jìn)行數(shù)字互動(dòng)的新方式無疑已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)或增加)”和劃線單詞所在句子“But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.(但是一些以前的研究表明，這些vicarius互動(dòng)對我們與自然的聯(lián)系的影響要小于接觸自然的影響，例如參觀自然公園。)”可知，我們參觀自然，這是與自然的直接互動(dòng)，這種互動(dòng)對自然的影響要大于與大自然進(jìn)行數(shù)字互動(dòng)的新方式，因?yàn)榕c大自然進(jìn)行數(shù)字互動(dòng)的新方式是間接接觸自然，并不是直接接觸自然，由此可知，劃線單詞vicarius意為“間接的”，與C項(xiàng)“Indirect.(間接的)”意思一致，其他選項(xiàng)A. Psitive.積極的；B. Nvel.新穎的；D. Cmplex復(fù)雜的。均不符合語境，故選C。
（22·23上·濟(jì)寧·期中）Many f the wrld’s aquifers already seem t be drying up. Twenty-ne f the earth’s 37 biggest aquifers are becming smaller, satellite data shw. The mst dried-ut aquifers are near big cities, farms, r dry regins. As grundwater stres dwindle, they hld less water t refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecsystems. In Califrnia, drying up the grund may even be causing small earthquakes.
3．What des the underlined wrd “dwindle” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Decrease.B．Develp.C．Frm.D．Crss.
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后的“they hld less water t refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecsystems. (它們能補(bǔ)充河流和溪流的水也越來越少，從而威脅到淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。)”可知，由于補(bǔ)充河流和溪流的水減少，造成了淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞，結(jié)合單詞所在的句子“As grundwater stres…(隨著地下水……)”可知，they指代的是“地下水”，所以，補(bǔ)充河流和溪流水的應(yīng)該是地下水，由此可知，劃線單詞所在句子的意思應(yīng)為“隨著地下水的減少”而造成了補(bǔ)充河流和溪流的水也越來越少，所以劃線單詞的意思與“減少”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·河南·期中）Supprters f lab-grwn meat say it des nt require killing r hurting animals. They als say it helps diminish and ease the effects that feeding animals and animal waste have n the envirnment. But Martin said that if t little is prduced, and nly a small number f peple eat it, it will have little effect n the envirnment.
4．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnserve.B．Anticipate.C．Tackle.D．Decrease.
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“and ease the effects that feeding animals and animal waste have n the envirnment. (并減輕飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物和動(dòng)物糞便對環(huán)境的影響)”中的and ease可知，劃線單詞和ease并列，意思相近，應(yīng)是“減少”之意。故選D項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·全國·期中）Let’s fast frward a year. Yu have been in yur psitin nw fr ne year, and yu are wrking with the same team. Yu are nticing that yur clleagues cntinue asking fr yur help ver and ver again. In fact, the nly time they cmmunicate with yu is when they need smething. Yu have been s helpful t yur clleagues and there has rarely been any return frm them.
In a very brad sense, it is advantageus t be kind t thers, and yur kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid frward. Hwever, yu need t be willing t say “n”. Recgnize when yur plate is already t full. When peple ask yu a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy, and attentin t give t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable saying “n” t thers and saying “yes” t yurself.
5．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．When yu’re t full t eat anything.
B．When yur kind acts get appreciated.
C．When yu shuld ask thers a favr.
D．When yu’re physically and mentally tired.
5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“When peple ask yu a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy, and attentin t give t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable saying “n” t thers and saying “yes” t yurself.(當(dāng)人們要求你幫忙時(shí)，評估你是否有時(shí)間、精力和注意力給他們。要真正善良，有時(shí)你需要更自在地對別人說“不”，對自己說“是”)”可知，在決定是否幫助別人時(shí)，要看自己是否有時(shí)間、精力和注意力，以此推測劃線句子指的是：要意識到自己是否有時(shí)間、精力和注意力，即要意識到自己是否身心疲憊。故選D項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·上海·階段練習(xí)）The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
6．What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Great hnur.B．Outdated cncept.C．Self-relianceD．Excessive pride.
6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句前的“We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style.(我們當(dāng)然不應(yīng)該再那么關(guān)注體重了。僅僅瘦是不夠的。如果那些變瘦——或已經(jīng)變瘦——的人認(rèn)為自己會自動(dòng)變健康，從而不關(guān)注自己的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。)”可知，我們不應(yīng)該過多關(guān)注體重，變瘦并不意味著變健康，如果不關(guān)注自己整體的生活方式，這實(shí)際上會很危險(xiǎn)，由此可推測出，畫線詞所在句表達(dá)的是“瘦可能純粹是一種虛榮”，這里是對前文只關(guān)注瘦而不關(guān)注整體生活方式這種片面行為的評價(jià)。vainglry意為“自負(fù)，極度的虛榮心”，與D項(xiàng)意思最接近。故選D。
（23·24上·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Anther institutin funded by the Natinal Science Fundatin will analyze hundreds f simulatins (模擬) f aersl injectin, testing the effects n weather extremes arund the wrld. One gal f the research is t lk fr a sweet spt: the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.
7．What des the underlined wrds “a sweet spt” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The rainfall pattern f a regin.B．The mdest drp in temperature.
C．The injectin amunt f aersl.D．The number f extreme weather events.
7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.(可以減少極端天氣事件的人工降溫量，而不會導(dǎo)致區(qū)域降雨模式的更廣泛變化或類似影響。)”可推理出，劃線部分表達(dá)的含義為適度降低氣溫，故選B項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·樂山·開學(xué)考試）Albert Einstein nce said, “Life is like riding a bicycle. T keep yur balance, yu must keep mving.” In my case, it’s the ther way arund. In rder t keep mving, I must keep my balance—the balance between studies and activities, efficiency and prcrastinatin (拖延癥), academics and health, passins and dislikes. The new jurney is ging t be a hard ne, but if I set these gals, I believe I will make it thrugh t the end.
8．What des the underlined sentence “it’s the ther way arund” in the last paragraph mean?
A．It is the ppsite.B．It is difficult.
C．It is necessary.D．It is helpful.
8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Albert Einstein nce said, “Life is like riding a bicycle. T keep yur balance, yu must keep mving.”(愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過：“生活就像騎自行車。為了保持平衡，你必須不停地移動(dòng)?！?”以及后文“In rder t keep mving, I must keep my balance—the balance between studies and activities, efficiency and prcrastinatin (拖延癥), academics and health, passins and dislikes.(為了保持運(yùn)動(dòng)，我必須保持平衡——學(xué)習(xí)與活動(dòng)、效率與拖延、學(xué)業(yè)與健康、愛好與厭惡之間的平衡)”可知，前后文的意思相反，所以劃線部分“it’s the ther way arund”應(yīng)是“正好相反”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
【名校好題強(qiáng)化】語篇式
（23·24上·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
9．Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A．T deal with an emergency.B．T send water t the cmmunity.
C．T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D．T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
10．What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A．Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B．Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C．Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D．Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
11．Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A．It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B．It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C．It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D．It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
12．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B．Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C．The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D．Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了由于活動(dòng)限制，Sct Chittle在社區(qū)建造了溜冰場，以供社區(qū)居民進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme.(在12月的一個(gè)寒冷的晚上，消防車到達(dá)了密歇根州沉睡的曼頓小鎮(zhèn)，沖向了Chittle的家)”、第二段“And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?(還有什么比滑冰更能讓人們出門的戶外活動(dòng)呢)”和第三段“It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.(12輛消防車才運(yùn)來足夠的水)”可知，在12月的一個(gè)晚上，消防車趕往Mantn，是為了幫助Chittle修建溜冰場。故選D。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline.(為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想，Chittle下載了如何建造溜冰場的說明，然后在網(wǎng)上訂購了3000平方英尺的防水布和一些木頭來建造墻壁)”可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)建溜冰場這一夢想，Chittle在網(wǎng)上下載了建造教程并購買了所需材料。故選C。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”(Chittle的鄰居Audrey Hker說道：“當(dāng)情況艱難時(shí)，是這個(gè)地方，它太棒了，因?yàn)槲覀兙墼谝黄穑兊闷届o和快樂，而不是擔(dān)心?！?”可知，在形勢艱難的時(shí)候，Chittle建的溜冰場成了一個(gè)讓人們可以聚在一起，感到平靜和快樂，而不是擔(dān)心的地方。由此可推斷，Chittle建的溜冰場帶給社區(qū)居民慰藉和陪伴。故選C。
12．詞句猜測題。結(jié)合上文提到的Chittle為社區(qū)建溜冰場和劃線句的后文內(nèi)容“When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash.(當(dāng)社區(qū)聽說他花了多少錢來實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，每個(gè)人都挺身而出。一場籌款活動(dòng)帶來了大約1300美元的收入，人們給Chittle家里寄去了裝滿現(xiàn)金的信件)”可知，劃線部分表示善意并沒有在Chittle這里終止，同時(shí)Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故選B。
（23·24上·長春·階段練習(xí)）Jse Albert Gutierrez’s life wuld never be the same again after finding a cpy f Anna Karenina by Le Tlsty in the garbage 20 years ag. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighbrhds at night and seeing deserted bks. It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library.
Clmbia’s capital city f Bgta has 13 millin residents and 19 public libraries. Hwever, these libraries tend t be far away frm where rural and prer cmmunities live. The ptin f buying new bks is nn-existent fr families struggling t make ends meet. Having access t a library f bks and being taken away t anther wrld while absrbed in a bk is a luxury fr the kids wh visit Gutierrez’s library.
Gutierrez grew up pr, and his family culd nt affrd t educate him beynd primary schl. Nevertheless, his mther was a keen reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutierrez, wh never let a lack f frmal educatin stp him frm reading classics by the likes f Victr Hug, Mari Vargas Llsa and Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Tday, his cmmunity library, called “The Strength f Wrds”, ccupies mst f his hme and is piled frm flr t ceiling with fictin and nn-fictin titles. Everything frm schl textbks t stry bks can be fund in his cllectin f mre than 20,000 bks!
The Strength f Wrds library pens every weekend. It is nt just schl-ging children wh are enjying the benefits f The Strength f Wrds library. Adults are als welcme t expand their hrizns and develp new skills t build a better life fr themselves.
Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity, Gutierrez is nt yet cntent t call it a day. He cntinues t search thrugh bins fr reading material and has even travelled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t sell his idea f building library frm unwanted bks.
13．What inspired Gutierrez t build the cmmunity library?
A．The dilemma he faced n the night shift.
B．The hbby he has started since childhd.
C．Famus nvelists he liked very much.
D．Abandned bks he came acrss at wrk.
14．What can we learn abut Gutierrez’s mther?
A．She was brn int a pr family.
B．She bught Gutierrez many bks.
C．She influenced Gutierrez greatly.
D．She enjyed reading Hug’s wrks.
15．What des the underlined phrase “call it a day” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Take the time.
B．Stp the wrk.
C．Make a change.
D．Receive a reward.
16．What des Gutierrez’s stry tell us?
A．A bk hlds a huse f gld.
B．The early bird catches the wrm.
C．Gd things cme t thse wh wait.
D．One man’s trash is anther man’s treasure.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文，介紹了清潔工Gutierrez將廢棄書籍收集起來，創(chuàng)建社區(qū)圖書館，為低收入家庭提供閱讀機(jī)會的故事。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighbrhds at night and seeing deserted bks. It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library. (這件事發(fā)生在他晚上開著垃圾車經(jīng)過富裕社區(qū)，看到了被遺棄的書時(shí)。這激發(fā)了他開始從垃圾中拯救書籍的愿望。在9小時(shí)的輪班后，他每天早上帶回家50到60本書。最后，他把自己的藏書變成了一個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。)”可知，Gutierrez在工作中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的廢棄書籍啟發(fā)了他創(chuàng)建社區(qū)圖書館。故選D項(xiàng)。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nevertheless, his mther was a keen reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutierrez, wh never let a lack f frmal educatin stp him frm reading classics by the likes f Victr Hug, Mari Vargas Llsa and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. (然而，他的母親是一個(gè)熱心的讀者，每天晚上讀故事給他聽。她對書籍的熱愛給Gutierrez留下了深刻的印象，他從未讓缺乏正規(guī)教育阻止他閱讀維克多·雨果、馬里奧·巴爾加斯·略薩和加布里埃爾·加西亞·馬爾克斯等人的經(jīng)典作品。)”可知，Gutierrez的母親對書籍的熱愛讓Gutierrez即使貧困也堅(jiān)持閱讀。由此可知，她對Gutierrez的影響很大。故選C項(xiàng)。
15．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity (盡管他為他的社區(qū)做了這么多)”及后文“He cntinues t search thrugh bins fr reading material and has even travelled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t sell his idea f building library frm unwanted bks. (他繼續(xù)在垃圾箱里尋找閱讀材料，甚至前往墨西哥和智利的書展，推廣他用廢棄書籍建造圖書館的想法。)”可知，Gutierrez并沒有停下從垃圾箱里找書籍的目標(biāo)，甚至還想推廣自己的想法，因此，call it a day與stp the wrk意思相近，意為“停止工作”。故選B項(xiàng)。
16．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段中的“It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library. (這激發(fā)了他開始從垃圾中拯救書籍的愿望。在9小時(shí)的輪班后，他每天早上帶回家50到60本書。最后，他把自己的藏書變成了一個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。)”可知，本文講述了Gutierrez將廢棄書籍收集起來，創(chuàng)建社區(qū)圖書館，為低收入家庭提供閱讀機(jī)會的故事。A. 書中自有黃金屋；B. 早起的鳥兒有蟲吃；C. 好事多磨；D. 變廢為寶。因此，D項(xiàng)最契合文章主題。故選D項(xiàng)。
（22·23上·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Yu’ve likely been unable t avid talk f the metaverse (虛擬空間/元宇宙) in the past few mnths. The term, first cined by sci-fi authr Neal Stephensn in a 1992 nvel, has becme a visin f the future f technlgy in ur lives. And if that is t be believed, it’s where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
“The metaverse is a further cmbinatin f ur physical and digital lives,” says Cathy Hackl f Futures Intelligence Grup. Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles (眼鏡), adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives. Yu culd attend cncerts and cnferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representatin f a nightclub r cnference center. Elsewhere, yu’ll shp fr shes in a virtual Nike stre r rder fd in a virtual McDnald’s and have it delivered t yur real-wrld hme.
“It’s the future f the Internet. But it’s als abut further cnnectivity,” says Hackl. S far, mst f the attentin arund the metaverse has been fcused n the cmpany frmerly knwn as Facebk, which rebranded last year as Meta in an indicatin f hw strngly it believes in the future f the metaverse. Funder Mark Zuckerberg wants a billin f us t live, wrk, and play in the metaverse by 2030.
But Hackl warns peple nt t view the scial media giant as the center f the metaverse. “It’s nt just ne cmpany,” she says. “N single cmpany can build it, either.” It’s als nt enabled by a single technlgy, even thugh right nw the way t “enter” the metaverse is t wear a pair f virtual reality gggles. While the early running may be made by Meta, the mmentum (勢頭) will be picked up by thers. And just because we have an idea f what the metaverse will lk like nw, it desn’t mean that’s what it’ll end up as, Hackl warns. “The way I explain it is we’re in a high-speed train, destinatin metaverse,” she says. “We dn’t knw the stps, but we kind f knw where we’re heading.”
17．What is the metaverse accrding t the passage?
A．It is just a wrd frm a sci-fi nvel.
B．It is a 3D virtual space that can cnnect future life.
C．It is where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
D．It is a virtual wrld that interacts with the real wrld thrugh VR gggles.
18．Why des the writer mentin cncerts and cnference in paragraph 2?
A．T intrduce hw the metaverse wrks.
B．T recmmend a new way f enjying life in the future.
C．T tell readers what his life will be like in the metaverse.
D．T prvide examples f hw physical and digital lives cmbine.
19．What can we knw abut Meta frm the passage?
A．It is the centre f the metaverse.
B．It is a scial media giant like Facebk.
C．It seems t take a leading part in the field f the metaverse.
D．It believes all f us culd live, wrk and play in the metaverse by 2030.
20．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．We wn’t stp until we realize the metaverse.
B．It matters wh will be in charge f the building f the metaverse.
C．Hackl is nt familiar with the train she tk but knws where t get ff.
D．Thugh nt knwing the prcess, Hackl is sure abut the bright future f the metaverse.
【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了什么是元宇宙，以及對我們生活會有哪些改變，以及目前發(fā)展的最好的公司是誰，以及對未來的展望。
17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles, adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives.(簡而言之，虛擬世界是一個(gè)可以通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡進(jìn)入的3D虛擬空間，在我們的日常生活中添加了數(shù)字元素)”可知，元宇宙是一個(gè)通過VR眼鏡與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界互動(dòng)的虛擬世界。故選D項(xiàng)。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“The metaverse is a further cmbinatin f ur physical and digital lives”(元宇宙是我們實(shí)體生活和數(shù)字生活的進(jìn)一步結(jié)合)和“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles, adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives. Yu culd attend cncerts and cnferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representatin f a nightclub r cnference center. Elsewhere, yu’ll shp fr shes in a virtual Nike stre r rder fd in a virtual McDnald’s and have it delivered t yur real-wrld hme.(簡而言之，虛擬世界是一個(gè)可以通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡進(jìn)入的3D虛擬空間，在我們的日常生活中添加了數(shù)字元素。你可以在虛擬世界里參加音樂會和會議，在三維數(shù)字形式的夜總會或會議中心舉行。在其他地方，你可以在虛擬的耐克商店購買鞋子，或者在虛擬的麥當(dāng)勞訂購食物，然后把食物送到你現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的家里)”可推知，作者提到音樂會和會議是為了提供實(shí)體生活和數(shù)字生活如何結(jié)合的例子。故選D項(xiàng)。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“But Hackl warns peple nt t view the scial media giant as the center f the metaverse. “It’s nt just ne cmpany,” she says. “N single cmpany can build it, either.” It’s als nt enabled by a single technlgy, even thugh right nw the way t “enter” the metaverse is t wear a pair f virtual reality gggles. While the early running may be made by Meta, the mmentum will be picked up by thers.(但哈克警告人們不要將這家社交媒體巨頭視為虛擬世界的中心?！安恢皇且患夜?，”她說。“也沒有一家公司可以單獨(dú)建造它?！彼膊皇怯蓡我患夹g(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，即使現(xiàn)在“進(jìn)入”虛擬世界的方式是戴上一副虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡。雖然Meta可能會搶先一步，但其他公司也會跟進(jìn))”可知，Meta可能會搶先一步研究出虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡，可推知，它似乎在元宇宙領(lǐng)域占據(jù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。故選C項(xiàng)。
20．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“And just because we have an idea f what the metaverse will lk like nw, it desn’t mean that’s what it’ll end up as, Hackl warns. “The way I explain it is we’re in a high-speed train, destinatin metaverse,” she says.(哈克警告說，僅僅因?yàn)槲覀冎垃F(xiàn)在的元宇宙是什么樣子，并不意味著它最終會是什么樣子。她說:“我的解釋是，我們是在一列高速列車上，目的地是元宇宙?！?”可推知，最后一段帶下劃線的句子是雖然不知道這個(gè)過程，但Hackl對超宇宙的光明未來充滿信心。故選D項(xiàng)。
（22·23·鹽城·三模）In this age f screens, smartphnes, virtual assistants and vice-enabled speakers, we cnstantly receive visual and auditry (聽覺的) suggestins f things t d, prducts t buy, and media t cnsume. Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n.
In the spring f 2018, Mariadassu and Bechler, bth graduate students f Business, were sitting in a seminar (研討會), in which they were studying hw different types f messages affect decisin-making. They learned that peple generally perceive smene as mre intelligent when they cnvey spken infrmatin rather than delivering the same message in writing.
As they chatted after class, Mariadassu recalls, “We wndered, ‘What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins?’” They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.
Mariadassu, wh is pursuing her PhD in marketing, with Bechler, nw a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame’s Mendza Cllege f Business, ran a series f studies where the same infrmatin was presented t participants in different frms, including cmputer-generated audi that sunded like a smart speaker.
The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. “In thery, this shuldn’t prduce any difference in behavir,” Mariadassu writes in an email. “Hearing that yu shuld drink the pale beer r reading that yu shuld drink the pale beer is really ne and the same. The fact that it leads t psychlgically different experiences that are significant enugh t lead t a change in behavir is nt smething yu wuld expect.”
The effect was small but strng enugh t demnstrate a “cnsistent effect f auditry pwer”, Mariadassu says. She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with itsephemeralnature —“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away,” she says. Bechler agrees: “When smething disappears, it creates a kind f urgency t respnd.”
21．Why did Mariadassu and Bechler cnduct the studies?
A．T apply what they learned int real life.
B．T find ut what peple are mre intelligent.
C．T explre the reasns behind peple’s different behavirs.
D．T test if different types f messages affect recmmendatins.
22．What des paragraph 5 tell us?
A．The findings f the research.
B．The thery behind the research.
C．The applicatin f the research results.
D．The explanatin f the research prcess.
23．What des the underlined wrd “ephemeral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Uncertain.B．Temprary.C．Selective.D．Randm.
24．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Effect f Auditry Pwer Has Been Lng Neglected
B．Peple Act n Auditry and Visual Infrmatin Equally
C．Effective Recmmendatins Are Better Heard Than Seen
D．Decisin-making Has Little t D With Types f Messages
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明提供推薦時(shí)，聽覺信息比視覺信息更有影響力。
21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins? (如果你把這應(yīng)用到提供推薦中會發(fā)生什么？)”和“They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.(他們相信“人們對聽覺和視覺信息的反應(yīng)方式是相同的”，并希望探索這一假設(shè))”可推知，Mariadassu和Bechler的研究目的是測試不同類型的信息是否會影響提供推薦。故選D項(xiàng)。
22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中“The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. (研究人員感到驚訝的是，對啤酒等產(chǎn)品的聽覺推薦比文本推薦更有影響力)”可知，本段告訴我們研究的結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。
23．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away.(似乎有一種對即將消失的信息采取行動(dòng)的基本需求)”可知，信息即將消失，持續(xù)的時(shí)間很短。由此推知，劃線部分“She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with itsephemeralnature(她認(rèn)為聽覺信息的力量與其ephemeral本性有關(guān))”其中劃線詞匯應(yīng)為“短暫的”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。
24．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n. (然而，所有這些信息都是平等的嗎？根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，答案是否定的)”以及第五段中“The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. (研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，對啤酒等產(chǎn)品的聽覺推薦比文字推薦更有影響力)”可知，本文介紹一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明提供推薦時(shí)，聽覺信息比視覺信息更有影響力。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C“有效的推薦聽起來比看起來更好”適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
（22·23·江西·二模）Next time yu’re having truble slving a tricky puzzle, cnsider asking a nearby bumblebee. A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that these humble insects can actually learn t slve puzzles frm ne anther, suggesting that even sme invertebrates(無脊椎動(dòng)物) have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”
“Nbdy’s really thught that invertebrates like bumblebees shw evidence f culture,” says Alice Bridges, an eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University. “Peple assume that they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs.” Bridges set ut t prve them wrng. T study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled sme bees t slve puzzle bxes. She trained sme bees t head-butt the red switch t get the sugar water and trained thers t push the blue switch. Then, Bridges placed these tutr bees int different clnies, alng with the puzzle bxes.
It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges gt stung multiple times and the furth sting sent her t the hspital. Bridges persevered, hwever, and the experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had learned t push the red switch, the ther bees usually pushed the red switch. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue switch, their fellw bees tended t d the same. In the cntrl clnies where there were n tutrs, the bees smetimes learned hw t pen the bxes, but never as efficiently r reliably.
The cnclusin, Bridges and her clleagues reprt in their new study tday, is that bumblebees can transmit certain behavirs—culturally. “Maybe culture isn’t that unusual,” she says. “Maybe it’s nt sme pinnacle(頂峰) f cgnitin that nly a few species have.”
“Many f us cnsider urselves special because we have culture and we can learn,” says Jessica Ware, an entmlgist. “The truth is that all we have fund abut animal culture means that human culture, nce thught unique, did nt appear ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(進(jìn)化的) fundatins.”
25．Hw did the bumblebees get the sugar water frm the puzzle bxes?
A．By pressing a buttn.B．By slving wrd puzzles.
C．By bursting pen the bxes.D．By turning the bxes upside dwn.
26．What can be inferred abut the experiment?
A．It cntradicts the frmer research.B．It shws that culture is unique t humans.
C．It has received wide recgnitin.D．It has brught Bridges much truble.
27．What des the underlined phrase “ut f the blue” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Slwly.B．Suddenly.C．Endlessly.D．Regularly.
28．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Can Insects Have Culture?
B．Can New Culture Be Created?
C．Hw D Bumblebees Tutr Peers?
D．Hw Will Invertebrate Study Be Expanded?
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．B 28．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究表明不起眼的昆蟲實(shí)際上可以相互學(xué)習(xí)解決難題，也就是說一些無脊椎動(dòng)物也有我們?nèi)祟愃^的“文化”能力。
25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“T study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled sme bees t slve puzzle bxes. She trained sme bees t head-butt the red switch t get the sugar water and trained thers t push the blue switch.(為了研究大黃蜂的文化，她首先訓(xùn)練一些蜜蜂來解決謎題盒子。她訓(xùn)練一些蜜蜂用頭撞紅色開關(guān)來獲得糖水，訓(xùn)練其他蜜蜂按藍(lán)色開關(guān)。)”可知，蜜蜂可以通過撞開關(guān)來獲得糖水。故選A。
26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges gt stung multiple times and the furth sting sent her t the hspital.(這并不都是樂趣和游戲：Bridges被叮了好幾次，第四次被叮把她送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)給Bridges帶來了一些麻煩。故選D。
27．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(進(jìn)化的) fundatins.(而是顯然建立在深刻的進(jìn)化基礎(chǔ)之上的)”中的“but”可知此處是結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是……而是……”，下文說的是文化是進(jìn)化而來的，即不是突然出現(xiàn)的，由此可判斷，劃線單詞指的是“突然出現(xiàn)”。選項(xiàng)A“Slwly (緩慢地)”；選項(xiàng)B“Suddenly (突然)”；選項(xiàng)C“Endlessly (不斷地)”；選項(xiàng)D“Regularly (有規(guī)律地)”。故選B。
28．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that these humble insects can actually learn t slve puzzles frm ne anther, suggesting that even sme invertebrates(無脊椎動(dòng)物) have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”(發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館·生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些不起眼的昆蟲實(shí)際上可以相互學(xué)習(xí)解決難題，這表明即使是一些無脊椎動(dòng)物也有我們?nèi)祟愃^的“文化”能力。)”以及最后一段“The truth is that all we have fund abut animal culture means that human culture, nce thught unique, did nt appear ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(進(jìn)化的) fundatins.(事實(shí)是，我們對動(dòng)物文化的所有發(fā)現(xiàn)都意味著，曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為獨(dú)一無二的人類文化并不是“突然出現(xiàn)”的，而是顯然建立在深刻的進(jìn)化基礎(chǔ)之上的。)”可知，文章主要介紹的是昆蟲也是有文化的。所以“Can Insects Have Culture?( 昆蟲能有文化嗎？)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。
（22·23下·河南·階段練習(xí)）Michael Baker at the University f Trnt and Kevin Milligan at the University f British Clumbia recently analyzed survey data f parents in three cuntries — the United States, Canada and Britain. They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.
The finding surprised them because at least in a ppular view, parents suppsedly spend mre time with bys than girls. And Baker says that perceptin des tend t hld true fr lder children’s fathers tend t spend mre time with bys nce they are lder than age 4 r 5. When children are smaller, Baker says, parents spend abut the same ttal time with bys as they d with girls.
The ecnmists fcused their analysis n first-brn children in rder t see the difference clearly, fr it wuld muddy the waters t cmpare parents caring fr an nly child with parents caring fr their secnd r third child, Baker says. But they did find that the difference als shws up clearly amng twins (a by and a girl). Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) activities.
The big questin, f curse, is why these differences cme abut. Milligan says parents may be fllwing cultural cncepts and uncnscius biases (偏見) that suggest they shuld read with their daughters and have active play with sns.
It is als pssible, Baker says, that the csts f investing in cgnitive activities is different when it cmes t bys and girls. As an ecnmist, he isn’t referring t cst in the sense f cash; he means cst in the sense f effrt. “It is just mre cstly t prvide a unit f reading t a by than t a girl because the by desn’t sit still, yu knw, desn’t pay attentin,” he says, “these srts f thing.”
29．What did Baker and Milligan find?
A．Parents spend mre time with girls.
B．Fathers spend mre time with bys.
C．Parents d mre cgnitive activities with girls.
D．Parents are suppsed t read mre with bys.
30．What des the underlined phrase “muddy the waters” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Cause the waters t becme dirty.B．Make things mre cmplex.
C．Waste lts f time and effrts.D．Imprve accuracy f the results.
31．What d paragraphs 4-5 mainly fcus n?
A．Passible reasns fr the differences.
B．Cultural beliefs that parents ften hld.
C．Activities parents have with their children.
D．Different activities with parents between bys and girls.
32．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Bys and Girls Are Quite Different
B．Parents Need t Adpt Different Teaching Methds
C．Girls May Get Mre Teaching Time frm Parents
D．Bys May Require Mre Attentin frm Parents
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．A 32．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)父母會投入更多的時(shí)間用于女孩的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)教育，并分析了原因。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第一段“They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.”（他們特別感興趣的是了解父母如何與孩子共度時(shí)光，他們在所謂的“教學(xué)活動(dòng)”中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有趣的性別差異，比如教他們字母表或數(shù)字，和孩子一起閱讀）和第三段的最后一句“Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) activities.”（同樣，在認(rèn)知活動(dòng)方面，接受調(diào)查的父母似乎在女孩身上投入了更多的時(shí)間）可知，父母會投入更多的時(shí)間用于女孩的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)教育。故選C。
30．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“The ecnmists fcused their analysis n first-brn children in rder t see the difference clearly, fr it wuld muddy the waters t cmpare parents caring fr an nly child with parents caring fr their secnd r third child, Baker says.”（貝克說，為了清楚地看到差異，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們把分析重點(diǎn)放在頭胎上，因?yàn)榘颜疹櫔?dú)生子女的父母與照顧二胎或三胎的父母進(jìn)行比較，會muddy the waters）中連詞“fr（因?yàn)椋笨芍?，“it wuld muddy the waters”是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們把分析重點(diǎn)放在頭胎上的原因，由推知，把照顧獨(dú)生子女的父母與照顧二胎或三胎的父母進(jìn)行比較會“把事情弄得更復(fù)雜”，所以劃線短語的的意思是“把事情弄得更復(fù)雜”，與“make things mre cmplex.”意思相近。故選B。
31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)承上啟下的第四段“The big questin, f curse, is why these differences cme abut. Milligan says parents may be fllwing cultural cncepts and uncnscius biases (偏見) that suggest they shuld read with their daughters and have active play with sns.”（當(dāng)然，最大的問題是為什么會出現(xiàn)這些差異。Milligan說，父母可能遵循文化觀念和無意識的偏見，認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該和女兒一起閱讀，和兒子一起積極玩耍）和第五段“It is als pssible, Baker says, that the csts f investing in cgnitive activities is different when it cmes t bys and girls. As an ecnmist, he isn’t referring t cst in the sense f cash; he means cst in the sense f effrt. ”（貝克說，對男孩和女孩來說，在認(rèn)知活動(dòng)上的投資成本也可能是不同的。作為一名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，他所指的成本并不是現(xiàn)金；他指的是付出的代價(jià)）可知，這兩段主要是在探討造成這種差異的原因。故選A。
32．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.”（他們特別感興趣的是了解父母如何與孩子共度時(shí)光，他們在所謂的“教學(xué)活動(dòng)”中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有趣的性別差異，比如教他們字母表或數(shù)字，和孩子一起閱讀）、第三段的最后一句“Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) activities.”（同樣，在認(rèn)知活動(dòng)方面，接受調(diào)查的父母似乎在女孩身上投入了更多的時(shí)間）和第四、第五段分析原因可推知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)父母會投入更多的時(shí)間用于女孩的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)教育，并分析了原因，所以“Girls May Get Mre Teaching Time frm Parents”（女孩可能會從父母那里得到更多的教育時(shí)間）是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。
（22·23下·河南·期中）A sng called Lnely Warrir (《孤勇者》) is always ringing in my ears. Six years ag, after hsting an annual ceremny fr my schl, I fund that my left leg was a little swllen, and very sn I culd barely walk. In fact, the swllen part became a fist-sized meatball that was s painful that I culd barely sleep. Of curse, I went t a lcal hspital, where I was given very bleak (不樂觀的) news-stesarcma, which means bne cancer.
I underwent chemtherapy (化療) fr the next tw years, and it was the wrst time f my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects f chemtherapy were killing me. I lst all f the hair n my bdy and I became ttally bald. I culd barely eat anything, even if felt hungry. I n lnger needed an alarm clck t wake up in the mrning. Instead, what wke me was my bdy telling me that I needed t vmit (嘔吐).
I had n idea where all this treatment wuld leave me, and the dreams I had nce nursed abut the future were entirely wiped ut. I wanted t feel the wrld and experience mre, s I stuck t the curse f treatment. As time went by, hwever, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects nw were far wrse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chpped ff, and the dctr said that might be the best thing t d, as lng as I culd cpe with the psychlgical and scial pressures afterward. I made my decisin very calmly, because I knew things culd nt be wrse than they were at that mment, and I was determined that this was just ne mre battle I wuld win.
Nw, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.
33．What can we learn abut the side effects f chemtherapy?
A．They made the authr suffer a lt.
B．They destryed the authr’s faith.
C．They were relieved after treatment.
D．They were mre bvius in the daytime
34．What was the authr’s decisin t deal with his cnditin?
A．Chpping ff his leg.
B．Turning dwn the dctr’s advice.
C．Giving in t the cancer.
D．Seeking psychlgical assistance.
35．What des the underlined wrd“weathered”in the last paragraph mean?
A．resistedB．survivedC．escapedD．prduced
36．What des the authr want t cnvey in the text?
A．A light heart lives lng.
B．A gd medicine tastes bitter.
C．Time wrks wnders.
D．One with faith braves any hardship.
【答案】33．A 34．A 35．B 36．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是作者分享了自己與骨癌作斗爭的經(jīng)歷，告訴那些與困難做斗爭的人要相信自己，堅(jiān)持下去，就會渡過難關(guān)。
33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I underwent chemtherapy (化療) fr the next tw years, and it was the wrst time f my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects f chemtherapy were killing me.(在接下來的兩年里，我接受了化療，那是我一生中最糟糕的時(shí)期。身體上，我覺得化療的副作用要了我的命。)”可知，作者化療經(jīng)歷了最糟糕的人生，身體上，化療的副作用幾乎要將作者置于死地，由此可知，化療讓作者遭受很多的痛苦。故選A項(xiàng)。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I eventually suggested that the leg be chpped ff, and the dctr said that might be the best thing t d, as lng as I culd cpe with the psychlgical and scial pressures afterward.(我最后建議把那條腿砍掉，醫(yī)生說這可能是最好的辦法，只要我能應(yīng)付心理上和社會上的壓力。)”可知，作者建議截肢，醫(yī)生也認(rèn)為這是最好的方法。故選A項(xiàng)。
35．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后的句子“I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.(我很幸運(yùn)能夠找到力量來處理這一切，我要告訴那些仍在與困難作斗爭的人的是：要相信自己，不要讓糟糕的時(shí)刻拖累你。只要堅(jiān)持下去，你就會渡過難關(guān)的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)能找到力量處理這一切，并告訴與困難作斗爭的人，相信自己，堅(jiān)持下去就會渡過難關(guān)，由此可知，劃線單詞所在的句子的意思是“六年后，作者活了下來”，由此可猜測，該單詞的意思是“幸存下來”。故選B項(xiàng)。
36．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.(我很幸運(yùn)能夠找到力量來處理這一切，我要告訴那些仍在與困難作斗爭的人的是：要相信自己，不要讓糟糕的時(shí)刻拖累你。只要堅(jiān)持下去，你就會渡過難關(guān)的。)”并結(jié)合作者介紹的自己與疾病進(jìn)行斗爭的經(jīng)歷可知，本文表達(dá)的是有信念的人就能勇敢面對困難。故選D項(xiàng)。
（22·23下·嘉定·二模）Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created smething wild: a herd f cws flating n the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment n sustainable agriculture, called Flating Farm, can be fund in the prt f Rtterdam. The mdernist structure huses 40 cws, wh cllectively prduce sme 200 gallns f milk a day. In additin t helping nurish (滋養(yǎng)) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd.
Flds, extreme heating, drughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the fd system ff balance. The race t utsmart the cnstant attack f extreme weather has made the wrld f farming unrecgnizable frm what it was nly decades ag. A team f scientists in Mexic is develping wheat types that can adapt themselves t different climates, while Jack’s Slar Garden in Lngmnt, Clrad, is a testbed fr the emerging methd f slar farming.
Rtterdam has already established itself as ne f the mst climate-adaptive places in the wrld. Everything frm ffice buildings t entire neighbrhds are built n water in the city, which is 90% belw sea level. The Wingerdens’ Flating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Shuld a weather crisis arise, a waterbrne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A frmer prperty develper with a backgrund in engineering, Peter fund his inspiratin fr the Flating Farm in a climate disaster in New Yrk City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery f fresh fd t millins.
The Wingerdens’ mdel is ripe fr reprductin—which is exactly what the Flating Farm’s team f 14 are wrking n nw. Plans are under way fr a flating vegetable farm t mve int the space next t the current Flating Farm. Permit applicatins are als ut fr similar structures in Dubai, Singapre and the Dutch cities f Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new prjects will apply lessns learned frm Flating Farm. “Yu need t build a huse in rder t knw hw t build a huse,” Peter says. The biggest bstacles he sees ahead, hwever, are nt financial r physical, but rather plitical and administrative. “One f the biggest challenges we cme acrss wrldwide is regulatins. Cities need t have disruptivethinking, cities need t have disruptive departments, and cities need t have areas where yu can say: OK, this is the experimental zne.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling ff is f a different rder than the typical sustainability measures. “We are nt innvative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
37．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the Flating Farm?
A．It is the first mdern farming attempt t fight climate change.
B．It is a mdel f new agriculture in the age f climate crisis.
C．It has utsmarted ther frms f farming like slar farming.
D．It cpies a similar structure in Dubai ready fr reprductin.
38．It can be inferred frm the passage that ___________.
A．90% f the ppulatin in Rtterdam live belw the sea level
B．The New Yrk City is wrking hard t fight climate change
C．The lcal cmmunity will nt be fed withut new farming
D．Waterbrne facilities are necessary t the future f Rtterdam
39．The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A．in a daring and unusual wayB．in a fcused and lgical way
C．in a careful and detailed wayD．in a rude and unpleasant way
40．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Is Rtterdam Built n Water?
B．Can Flating Farming Survive?
C．Are Cws at Sea the Future f Farming?
D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture?
【答案】37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是荷蘭夫婦創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場的由來及其發(fā)展的必要性，并在其影響下開發(fā)新的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目。
37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“In additin t helping nurish (滋養(yǎng)) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd. 除了幫助滋養(yǎng)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，這家水上農(nóng)場還在全球討論中發(fā)揮著作用，討論氣候危機(jī)如何促使農(nóng)民重新考慮如何以及在哪里生產(chǎn)糧食。)”可知，該項(xiàng)目引發(fā)了全球氣候危機(jī)情況下，如何以及在哪里生產(chǎn)食物的討論，由此可知，該水上農(nóng)場是氣候危機(jī)時(shí)代新型農(nóng)業(yè)的典范。故選B項(xiàng)。
38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Everything frm ffice buildings t entire neighbrhds are built n water in the city, which is 90% belw sea level. The Wingerdens’ Flating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Shuld a weather crisis arise, a waterbrne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(從辦公樓到整個(gè)社區(qū)，這座城市的一切都建在水面上，而這座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫婦的水上農(nóng)場是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試。如果出現(xiàn)天氣危機(jī)，水上農(nóng)場并不一定會被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試，由此可知，水上設(shè)施對鹿特丹的未來是必要的。故選D項(xiàng)。
39．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)尾段中的“cities need t have areas where yu can say: OK, this is the experimental zne.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling ff is f a different rder than the typical sustainability measures. “We are nt innvative,” he says.(城市需要有這樣的區(qū)域，你可以說:好吧，這是試驗(yàn)區(qū)?！币?yàn)楸说煤退膱F(tuán)隊(duì)所采取的措施與典型的可持續(xù)發(fā)展措施的順序不同?！拔覀?nèi)狈?chuàng)新，”他說。)”可知，在一塊試驗(yàn)區(qū)，彼得和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在實(shí)施的與典型的可持續(xù)措施不同，他們所創(chuàng)建的已經(jīng)超出了創(chuàng)新，由此可猜測，這是用一種大膽而又不尋常的方式的思考。故選A項(xiàng)。
40．主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“The mdernist structure huses 40 cws, wh cllectively prduce sme 200 gallns f milk a day. In additin t helping nurish (滋養(yǎng)) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd.(這座現(xiàn)代主義建筑容納了40頭奶牛，它們每天總共生產(chǎn)大約200加侖的牛奶。除了幫助滋養(yǎng)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，這家水上農(nóng)場還在全球討論中發(fā)揮著作用，討論氣候危機(jī)如何促使農(nóng)民重新考慮如何以及在哪里生產(chǎn)糧食)”以及全文對浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場的討論可知，浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場除了滋養(yǎng)著當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)，還引發(fā)了全球?qū)夂蛭C(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)何去何從的討論，所以“海上奶牛是農(nóng)業(yè)的未來嗎”以問題的形式表明本文對水上農(nóng)場的討論，且概括了文章的主題。故選C項(xiàng)。
（22·23·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Obsessed with Kim Kardashian? Can’t get enugh f Bennifer getting back tgether? Chances are yu’re an idit——at least accrding t Hungarian researchers.
New research has suggested peple bsessed with Hllywd gssip and A-list celebs might nt be that smart―which will surely be a jarring revelatin fr thse wh lve tablids(八卦小報(bào))magazines.
The study, published in BMC Psychlgy late last year, claims that “there is a direct assciatin between celebrity wrship and prer perfrmance n cgnitive tests” measuring bth literacy and numeracy(計(jì)算能力).
The study asked 1,763 Hungarian adults t undertake a 30-wrd vcabulary test and a math test, befre cmpleting a “Celebrity Attitude Scale” questinnaire t determine their levels f interest in famus peple.
Researchers fund that high scres n the Celebrity Attitude Scale crrelated with lwer perfrmance n the tw cgnitive ability tests. Participants were als asked abut their incme, material wealth and levels f educatin in rder t gain the mst detailed picture pssible.
Hwever, the researchers were unable t determine whether celebrity bsessives perfrm prly n cgnitive tests because they used their brainpwer thinking abut A-listers, r whether they were bsessed with Hllywd gssip because they were already less intelligent t begin with.
In ther wrds, it’s unclear whether celebrity wrshiping is a cause r cnsequence f lw cgnitive functin.
“Future studies shuld seek further supprt fr ur suggestin that the cgnitive effrt invested in maintaining the absrptin in a favrite celebrity may interfere with the persn’s perfrmance in tasks that require attentin and ther cgnitive skills,” the researchers tld PsyPst in a recent interview. “Althugh ur research des nt prve that develping a pwerful bsessin with ne’s favrite celebrity causes ne t scre lwer n cgnitive tests, it suggests that it might be wise t carefully mnitr feelings fr them.”
While sme tablid magazine readers may feel persnally attacked by this research, flks n Twitter did nt seem shcked by the findings. “I dn’t think a study was needed t determine this,” wrte ne Twitter user. “What wrries me is that peple wh wrship celebs are nt ging t read this article ever,” anther added.
41．What d the underlined wrds “be a jarring revelatin fr” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Cme as a blw t.
B．Serve as an eye-pener fr.
C．Have a negative effect n.
D．Give a gd laugh t.
42．What can we learn abut bsessin with celebrities frm the research?
A．It is a sign f lwer intelligence.
B．It results in pr cgnitive functin.
C．It has t d with levels f educatin.
D．It is assciated with lwer cgnitive ability.
43．What d the researchers recmmend peple t d?
A．Invest mre effrt in attentin-demanding tasks.
B．Avid develping a pwerful celebrity bsessin.
C．Reduce the time spent reading tablid magazines.
D．Seek further supprt t address celebrity wrship.
44．Hw d Twitter users feel abut the research?
A．They feel persnally attacked by it.
B．They are surprised at its findings.
C．They are skeptical abut its result.
D．They cnsider it nt necessary.
【答案】41．A 42．D 43．B 44．D
【導(dǎo)語】本篇為說明文。介紹了研究證明過度崇拜名人和認(rèn)知能力低下有相關(guān)聯(lián)系。
41．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線部分前的內(nèi)容“New research has suggested peple bsessed with Hllywd gssip and A-list celebs might nt be that smart(新的研究表明，癡迷于好萊塢八卦和一線明星的人可能沒有那么聰明) ”可知，研究證明癡迷于好萊塢八卦和一線明星的人可能并沒有那么聰明。所以可以推斷這一事實(shí)對于喜歡看八卦小報(bào)的讀者來說是一個(gè)打擊。A. Cme as a blw t. 這對某人來說是一個(gè)打擊；B. Serve as an eye-pener fr. 讓人大開眼界；C. Have a negative effect n. 對某人產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響；D. Give a gd laugh t. 讓人開懷大笑。故選A。
42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第五段“Researchers fund that high scres n the Celebrity Attitude Scale crrelated with lwer perfrmance n the tw cgnitive ability tests. (研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，名人態(tài)度量表的高分與兩項(xiàng)認(rèn)知能力測試的低分相關(guān)。)”可知，對名人的癡迷與低認(rèn)知能力有關(guān)。故選D。
43．推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段中““Future studies shuld seek further supprt fr ur suggestin that the cgnitive effrt invested in maintaining the absrptin in a favrite celebrity may interfere with the persn’s perfrmance in tasks that require attentin and ther cgnitive skills,” the researchers tld PsyPst in a recent interview. (研究人員在最近的一次采訪中告訴《心理郵報(bào)》:“未來的研究應(yīng)該為我們的建議尋求進(jìn)一步的支持。我們認(rèn)為，為了保持對一個(gè)最喜歡的名人的吸引力而投入的認(rèn)知努力，可能會干擾這個(gè)人在需要注意力和其他認(rèn)知技能的任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)?！? ”可推知，研究人員建議不要過于崇拜名人。故選B。
44．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“While sme tablid magazine readers may feel persnally attacked by this research, flks n Twitter did nt seem shcked by the findings. “I dn’t think a study was needed t determine this,” wrte ne Twitter user. (雖然一些小報(bào)雜志的讀者可能會對這項(xiàng)研究感到人身攻擊，但推特上的人們似乎并沒有對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)感到震驚。一位推特用戶寫道：“我認(rèn)為不需要進(jìn)行研究來確定這一點(diǎn)?！? ”可知，推特用戶覺得并不需要一個(gè)研究來證明這件事情。故選D。
（22·23下·浙江·階段練習(xí)）Fr several years, “fly n the wall” was Esther Ruth Mbabazi’s apprach t phtgraphy. Be invisible. Dn’t influence the scene. Then,in 2019, the 28-year-ld Ugandan had an pprtunity t d just the ppsite.
That’s when Mbabazi learned f the Gulu fr Wmen With Disabilities Unin (GUWODU), a prfessinal and scial center in a small city in Uganda’s nrth. There, she partnered with seven wmen n a prtrait series that was a celebratin f individuality and persnal expressin. “I was tired f the images I was seeing ut there, especially here in Uganda, where peple with disabilities are rbbed f their persnalities,” said Mbabazi. “They’re phtgraphed as peple wh can’t d anything. I didn’t want my images t lk like that.”
Over ne year, she made fur trips t Gulu and phtgraphed wmen she met, including a land mine survivr missing a leg, a deaf mther f fur, and a blind musician. They psed in custm dresses, created by a Kampala-based designer, against backdrps (背景幕布) f art and handiwrk they had made. When Mbabazi asked the wmen hw they wanted t be seen, they tld her: as capable, equal, Intelligent. In ther wrds,the dignity that Ugandans with special needs ften are denied.
Jyce Auma, 25, wh uses wheelchair, chse a blue patterned tp and skirt that cntrasted beautifully with the vibrant green and blue backdrp. Anther, Laker Irene Odwar, wh lst her leg in a land mine at age 16, chse a pale blue blazer and a shirt with a smart silk scarf.
On her last trip t Gulu, Mbabazi delivered large, framed cpies f the prtraits t thse wh psed fr them. As Mbabazi explains, “They said, ‘This shws me as I am in my full existence, my full bdy, as I am.’” Mbabazi hpes the phts will be exhibited publicly, t help change hw the wmen are seen, and treated, by thers.
45．The underlined wrds “fly n the wall” in the first paragraph means a phtgrapher wh .
A．takes phts withut being nticed
B．takes phts with careful arrangements
C．makes a great difference with phts
D．uses advanced technlgy in phtgraphing
46．What d the mdels Mbabazi chse have in cmmn?
A．They are gd at making dresses.
B．They are eager t becme famus.
C．They are disabled t sme degree.
D．They are int bright,vibrant clr.
47．Which f the fllwing can best describe Mbabazi’s phtgraphs?
A．Dull and cnventinal.
B．Distinctive and expressive.
C．Dreamlike and attractive.
D．Unrealistic and creative.
48．We can infer that the purpse f Mbabazi’s phtgraphs is t.
A．celebrate the individuality f Uganda wmen
B．shw the real life f wmen with disabilities
C．display the beauty f wmen in custm dresses
D．challenge the way the wrld sees disabled wmen
【答案】45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了烏干達(dá)攝影師Mbabazi改變以前的拍攝方式對烏干達(dá)殘疾女性進(jìn)行拍攝，以幫助改變其他人對這些女性的看法和對待方式。
45．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句“‘fly n the wall’ was Esther Ruth Mbabazi’s apprach t phtgraphy. Be invisible. Dn’t influence the scene.(“fly n the wall”是Esther Ruth Mbabazi的攝影方法。隱形。不影響場景。)”可知，“fly n the wall”這是一種拍攝方式，是隱形的，不會影響場景。由此推知，“fly n the wall”的意思是在不被注意的情況下拍照。故選A項(xiàng)。
46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Over ne year, she made fur trips t Gulu and phtgraphed wmen she met, including a land mine survivr missing a leg, a deaf mther f fur, and a blind musician.(在一年多的時(shí)間里，她四次前往古盧，拍攝了她遇到的女性，包括一名失去一條腿的地雷幸存者、一位四個(gè)孩子的聾啞母親和一位盲人音樂家。)”可知，Mbabazi選擇的拍攝的對象都有不同程度的殘疾。故選C項(xiàng)。
47．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“‘I was tired f the images I was seeing ut there, especially here in Uganda, where peple with disabilities are rbbed f their persnalities,’ said Mbabazi. ‘They’re phtgraphed as peple wh can’t d anything. I didn’t want my images t lk like that.’(“我厭倦了我在那里看到的畫面，特別是在烏干達(dá)，殘疾人的個(gè)性被剝奪了，” Mbabazi說?！八麄儽慌某墒裁炊甲霾涣说娜?。我不希望我的圖像看起來像那樣?！?”可知，原來拍攝的女性殘疾人被剝奪了個(gè)性，把她們拍攝成為一無是處的人，結(jié)合第四段中的“Jyce Auma, 25, wh uses wheelchair, chse a blue patterned tp and skirt that cntrasted beautifully with the vibrant green and blue backdrp. Anther, Laker Irene Odwar, wh lst her leg in a land mine at age 16,chse a pale blue blazer and a shirt with a smart silk scarf.(25歲的Jyce Auma使用輪椅，她選擇了藍(lán)色圖案的上衣和裙子，與充滿活力的綠色和藍(lán)色背景形成鮮明對比。另一位是湖人Irene Odwar，她在16歲時(shí)在地雷中失去了一條腿，她選擇了一件淡藍(lán)色的西裝外套和一件帶有智能絲巾的襯衫。)”可知，Mbabazi拍攝的殘疾人照片彰顯他們的個(gè)性，色彩鮮明，較以前完全不同，富有表現(xiàn)力。故選B項(xiàng)。
48．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“As Mbabazi explains, “They said, ‘This shws me as I am in my full existence, my full bdy, as I am.’” Mbabazi hpes the phts will be exhibited publicly, t help change hw the wmen are seen, and treated, by thers.(正如Mbabazi所解釋的那樣，“他們說，‘這顯示了我在我的完整存在中，我的整個(gè)身體，就像我一樣?！钒桶妄R希望這些照片能夠公開展出，以幫助改變其他人看待和對待這些女性的方式?！?”可知，Mbabazi拍攝的照片幫助改變?nèi)藗兛创蛯Υ龤埣才缘姆绞?，由此可知，她的照片的目的是挑?zhàn)世人看待殘疾女性的方式。故選D項(xiàng)。
（23·24上·滄州·階段練習(xí)）Magnetic fields are prmising t be a useful tl in the hunt fr human settlements that have been lst t the sea ff the cast f the UK. An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力測定) data t seek Dggerland, the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there’s hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld.
The study cmes frm the University f Bradfrd in the UK. Their plan is t clsely lk at magnetmetry data gathered frm a prtin f the Nrth Sea and attempt t identify any strange anmalies (異常) that culd suggest the presence f archaelgical structures.
The team is especially keen t use these techniques t lk fr traces f human activities beneath the Nrth Sea since it’s thught t have been hme t sme f the largest prehistric settlements in Eurpe. Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag. Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers. Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here.
“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level, there’s a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity. That wuld be the mst imprtant part.” Ben Urmstn, PhD student at the University f Bradfrd, said in a statement. “We might als discver the presence f middens, which are rubbish dumps that cnsist f animal bnes, shells and ther bilgical material. that can tell us a lt abut hw peple lived.”
Remarkably little f the wrld’s ceans have been explred, let alne fr the purpses f archaelgy. Nevertheless, advances in technlgy are cntinuing t shw that the castlines are hiding cuntless traces f ancient human activities, even evidence f lng-lst civilizatins.
Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising. Nevertheless, we have t be patient. Just dn’t expect t stumble acrss the sunken city f Atlantis anytime sn.
49．Why is magnetmetry data used in this prject?
A．T trace the ice mvement.B．T measure Dggerland.
C．T find a lst ancient land.D．T explre the histry f Britain.
50．What d we knw abut Dggerland ver 8,000 years ag?
A．Its civilizatin is little knwn t us.B．It was a place that was ften flded.
C．It was a deserted island with few peple.D．Its lcatin has nt yet been cnfirmed.
51．What is Ben Urmstn’s attitude tward this analysis?
A．Uncaring.B．Subjective.C．Shcked.D．Favurable.
52．What d the underlined wrds ”stumble acrss“in the last paragraph mean?
A．Display.B．Assess.C．Restre.D．Discver.
【答案】49．C 50．A 51．D 52．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了磁場有望成為尋找英國沿海消失的人類定居點(diǎn)的有用工具。
49．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力測定) data t seek Dggerland. the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there’s hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld. (一個(gè)即將到來的項(xiàng)目將使用磁力測定數(shù)據(jù)來尋找多格蘭。這片被洪水淹沒的土地一直連接著英國和歐洲大陸，直到冰河時(shí)代結(jié)束，但這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有望在世界各地找到失傳已久的文明)”可知，使用磁力測定的數(shù)據(jù)是為了尋找一塊被海水淹沒的古老陸地——多格蘭。故選C。
50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 “Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag, Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers. Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here. (在8000多年前被洪水淹沒之前，多格蘭是一個(gè)豐富多樣的棲息地，可能吸引了史前人類和其他物種。盡管北海海底蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的潛力，但我們對這里曾經(jīng)形成的文化卻知之甚少)”和關(guān)鍵詞“knw relatively little”可知，我們對8000多年前的多格蘭文明知之甚少。故選A。
51．推理判斷題，根據(jù)第四段中本·烏爾姆斯頓 所說的“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level，there’s a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity. That wuld be the mst imprtant part. (由于我們正在研究的地區(qū)曾經(jīng)高于海平面，因此這項(xiàng)分析甚至有很小的機(jī)會揭示狩獵采集活動(dòng)的證據(jù)。這將是最重要的部分)”可推斷，本·烏爾姆斯頓認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)分析很有意義，所以他的態(tài)度是贊成的。A. Uncaring漠不關(guān)心的；B. Subjective主觀的；C. Shcked震驚的；D. Favurable支持的。故選D。
52．詞義猜測題，最后一段“Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising. (多虧了像布拉德福德大學(xué)這樣的項(xiàng)目，以及其他許多項(xiàng)目，海洋考古學(xué)的未來看起來很有希望)”強(qiáng)調(diào)海洋考古學(xué)的未來有希望，緊接著用Nevertheless一轉(zhuǎn)“Nevertheless, we have t be patient. (然而我們必須要有耐心)”告訴我們必須要有耐心，由此推測，作者想告訴我們，即使有了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，我們也不會很快發(fā)現(xiàn)沉沒在海底的文明。綜合分析可知，該畫線短語與discver 意思相同。故選D。
（23·24上·達(dá)州·階段練習(xí)）Electrnic timing is lder than mst peple imagine and was used fr the first time mre than a hundred years ag at the 1912 Stckhlm Olympics. Initially, the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn was tasked with develping the technlgy, but it was the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt wh eventually created the final prduct.
At the same time, Carlstedt intrduced anther inventin: the finish line camera. The 1, 500-meter Olympic final was extremely clse with Arnld Jacksn frm Great Britain winning by nly 0.1 secnds. But it was impssible t decide n the silver medal since the tw Americans Abel Kiviat and Nrman Taber finished side by side. Fr the first time in histry, the utcme f an Olympic event had t be settled based n a pht finish when Kiviat was judged t be “slightly ahead”.
The significance f these tw inventins led a majr newspaper t write: “Electrnic timing at the Olympic Games. Simultaneus (同時(shí)發(fā)生的) timing and phtgraphy f cntestants. A brilliant idea!”
The next step in timekeeping was the pht-finish camera with a time stamp imprinted n each picture, which was intrduced at the 1932 Olympics in Ls Angeles. The 1948 Olympics saw the intrductin f anther inventin with the cntinuus slit camera (狹縫攝影機(jī)), where a film behind a narrw slit rlls (滾動(dòng)) with the same speed as the runners. Fur years later the clcks were cnnected t the slit camera giving a slutin f 1/100 s. But it was nt until 1972 that fficial times were recrded t the 100th f a secnd.
The next big step in the eighties was t make the camera digital t speed up the feedback (反饋). But the idea behind the slit camera was kept and is still the basis f all timing systems fr athletics used tday. The nly difference is that nw there is a very narrw sensr array ( 陣列傳感器) instead f the mving film.
After a century technlgy has reached the pint where the whle timing system can be stred in a smartphne. S in a way, the circle was clsed when SprintTimer, a sprts timer and pht finish app, was develped in the same place and precisely a hundred years after Ragnar Carlstedt.
53．What d we knw abut electrnic timing?
A．It was created in recent years.
B．It was first intrduced at the Olympics.
C．It was develped by the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn.
D．It was perfected by the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt.
54．What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The increasing need fr a finish line camera.
B．The excellent perfrmance f Arnld Jacksn.
C．The significant rle f Carlstedt's anther inventin.
D．The intense cmpetitin f the 1,500-meter Olympic final.
55．Hw was the digital camera in the eighties different frm the slit camera?
A．It avided the use f a mving film.
B．It rlled with the same speed as the runners.
C．It made a 100th-f-a-secnd recrd pssible.
D．It adpted a new idea fr all timing systems used tday.
56．What des the underlined part “the circle was clsed” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Further imprvement was discntinued.
B．The prblem was back t the rigin.
C．A new inventin was created.
D．The issue was reslved.
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．A 56．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了電子計(jì)時(shí)的發(fā)展歷史，特別是在奧運(yùn)會上的應(yīng)用。文章提到，最早的電子計(jì)時(shí)設(shè)備是在1912年的斯德哥爾摩奧運(yùn)會上首次使用的，同時(shí)還介紹了隨后出現(xiàn)的其他計(jì)時(shí)技術(shù)。最后，文章指出現(xiàn)代技術(shù)發(fā)展到了可以將整個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)系統(tǒng)儲存在智能手機(jī)中的階段。
53．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Electrnic timing is lder than mst peple imagine and was used fr the first time mre than a hundred years ag at the 1912 Stckhlm Olympics. (電子計(jì)時(shí)的歷史比大多數(shù)人想象的要久遠(yuǎn)，100多年前，1912年斯德哥爾摩奧運(yùn)會首次使用電子計(jì)時(shí)。)”可知，100多年前，1912年斯德哥爾摩奧運(yùn)會首次使用電子計(jì)時(shí)。B選項(xiàng)“It was first intrduced at the Olympics.(它最初是在奧運(yùn)會上引入的。)”與原文信息一致。故選B。
54．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“At the same time, Carlstedt intrduced anther inventin: the finish line camera. (與此同時(shí)，卡爾施泰特介紹了另一項(xiàng)發(fā)明：終點(diǎn)線攝像機(jī)。)”以及“Fr the first time in histry, the utcme f an Olympic event had t be settled based n a pht finish when Kiviat was judged t be “slightly ahead”.(這是歷史上第一次，奧運(yùn)會比賽的結(jié)果必須根據(jù)照片來決定，當(dāng)時(shí)基維亞特被判“略微領(lǐng)先”。)”可知，第二段中描述了奧運(yùn)會比賽中，第一次使用卡爾施泰特的另一項(xiàng)發(fā)明：終點(diǎn)線攝像機(jī)來進(jìn)行奧運(yùn)會判定，通過列舉基維亞特的例子來說明卡爾施泰特的另一項(xiàng)發(fā)明：終點(diǎn)線攝像機(jī)的重要作用。故選C。
55．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The 1948 Olympics saw the intrductin f anther inventin with the cntinuus slit camera , where a film behind a narrw slit rlls ( 滾 動(dòng)) with the same speed as the runners.(1948年奧運(yùn)會推出了另一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，即連續(xù)狹縫相機(jī)，在窄縫后面的膠卷以與運(yùn)動(dòng)員相同的速度滾動(dòng)。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“The next big step in the eighties was t make the camera digital t speed up the feedback . (80年代的下一個(gè)重大進(jìn)展是使相機(jī)數(shù)字化，以加快反饋。)”以及本段中“But the idea behind the slit camera was kept and is still the basis f all timing systems fr athletics used tday. The nly difference is that nw there is a very narrw sensr array instead f the mving film. (但是狹縫相機(jī)背后的想法被保留下來，并且仍然是今天用于田徑計(jì)時(shí)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。唯一的區(qū)別是現(xiàn)在使用了非常窄的傳感器陣列，而不是移動(dòng)的膠片。)”可知，狹縫攝影機(jī)和數(shù)碼相機(jī)的區(qū)別在于，狹縫攝影機(jī)是膠卷以與運(yùn)動(dòng)員相同的速度滾動(dòng)進(jìn)行拍攝，而數(shù)碼相機(jī)不是移動(dòng)的膠片而是使用了非常窄的傳感器陣列。故選A。
56．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“After a century technlgy has reached the pint where the whle timing system can be stred in a smartphne.(一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了整個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)系統(tǒng)可以存儲在智能手機(jī)中的地步。)”可知，一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，整個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)系統(tǒng)存儲在了智能手機(jī)中，根據(jù)劃線詞后文的內(nèi)容“ when SprintTimer, a sprts timer and pht finish app, was develped in the same place and precisely a hundred years after Ragnar Carlstedt.( 當(dāng)時(shí)SprintTimer，一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)時(shí)器和照片整理應(yīng)用程序，在同一個(gè)地方被開發(fā)出來，正好是Ragnar Carlstedt100年后。)”可知，正是SprintTimer這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)了前文的所提出的技術(shù)即將整個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)系統(tǒng)可以存儲在智能手機(jī)中，SprintTimer的出現(xiàn)恰恰實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一閉環(huán)解決了該問題，故劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“The issue was reslved.( 問題解決了。)”為同義詞。故選D。

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