?東北師大附中2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期
高二年級(jí)期中考試(英語(yǔ))科試卷
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答題前，考生須將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考場(chǎng)/座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定位置上，并粘貼條形碼。
2. 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。
3. 回答非選擇題時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用0.5毫米黑色字跡簽字筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域或在草稿紙、本試題卷上書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效。
4. 保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、不要弄皺、弄破。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(1-20小題)在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Throughout the past year, we followed some interesting new inventions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Here is a look back at some notable AI developments in 2022.
Meta’s speech-to-speech translation
Facebook’s parent Meta said it had built a technology tool to directly translate between English and the Hokkien language, a spoken language without a widely used written form.
Meta said it trained its AI models on written text examples from Mandarin Chinese. In addition, developers used an encoding tool designed to compare spoken Hokkien to similar English text.
Method to identify Parkinson’s disease
Researchers announced a new Al method to identify Parkinson’s disease. The system works by measuring a person’s breathing patterns during sleep. With just one night of sleep, the Al system was able to correctly identify Parkinson’s up to 86 percent of the time. With 12 nights of data, the rate went up to 95 percent.
Tool to interpret pig emotions
Researchers announced they had created a technology tool that uses pig sounds to interpret different emotions.
The tool is based on thousands of recordings collected from more than 400 pigs throughout their lives. The scientists developed an AI-driven algorithm to identify a series of emotions pigs could be experiencing. It is expected to lead to further systems farmers can use to improve the productivity and well-being of their animals.
Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings
Researchers — led by Alphabet’s AI company Deep Mind — said they developed an Al system to help fill in missing words in ancient writings. The tool, called Ithaca, is designed to help historians repair the writings and identify when and where they were written.
The team said that when historians work on their own, the success rate for repairing damaged writings is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent.
1. Which can be used for cross-cultural communication?
A. Tool to interpret pig emotions. B. Meta’s speech-to-speech translation.
C. Method to identify Parkinson’s disease. D. Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings.
2. Who will most probably be interested in Ithaca?
A. A farmer. B. A doctor. C. A botanist. D. An archeologist.
3. What do the inventions have in common?
A. They focus on health issues. B. They are developed by Facebook.
C. They aim to promote productivity. D. They are AI-driven technology tools.
B
The Story of the Gettysburg Address (葛底斯堡演說(shuō))
By Leslie W. Leavitt & Abraham Lincoln
One of the great and bloody battles of the war was the battle of Gettysburg. Here the Southern armies were beaten and driven back into the South, but not until many thousands of brave men on both sides had lost their lives. They were buried where they fell.
Later a great meeting was held on the battlefield of Gettysburg to honor the brave dead. Thousands of people came from miles around to the meeting, and to hear the two speakers, Mr. Everett and President Lincoln. Mr. Everett was a man of wide experience, the president of a college, one who had travelled much, a fine speaker. He spoke for two hours.
Lincoln rose to speak. He had given but little thought and time to what he was to say, and had only just finished writing the end of his speech before riding out to the field. He stood before the greatest crowd, tall and thin, his sad face showing the sorrow of the war. He was silent for a moment, and then, as though he did not see the crowd, he spoke slowly, in a high voice, for three minutes. Its simple and beautiful English, its noble meaning and forgiving spirit, make it one of the greatest speeches of the world. Its famous ending is well known:
“The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work, which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish(湮滅) from the earth.”
4. Who do the underlined words in Paragraph 2 “the brave dead” refer to?
A. The buried Southern armies. B. The dead Northern soldiers.
C. The late brave on both sides. D. The people to the battlefield.
5. What can we learn about the two speakers?
A. They were presidents of the nation. B. They both had rich experience in field trip.
C. They made long-term preparations. D. They gave fine addresses in different manners.
6. Which of the following is NOT a reason to make Lincoln’s speech great?
A. The plain and literary style. B. The slow pace and the high voice.
C. The high purpose of the great task. D. The spirit of pardon and tolerance.
7. What does Lincoln think of the great cause?
A. No longer unforgettable. B. Far from nobly advanced.
C. Well worth increased devotion. D. In a vain attempt and resolution.
C
The fragrance of pressed grapes perfumes the mountain air in the small village of Tharma in Sangri county of the Tibetan autonomous region this time of year.
Grape cultivation in the county, which is the highest location on the planet where grapes are grown, sits at an average altitude of 3600 meters above sea level. It has increased the wealth of the residents and created a whole new local industry that is prospering. Organic grape growing was introduced to the county, which is blessed by a mild climate and moderate sunshine, via an Aid-Tibet project funded by Hunan province, and since 2011,the cultivation area has increased from less than 1 hectare(公頃) to nearly 666 hectares. The vineyards in Sangri county were recognized in 2021 for their production of green, pollution-free products.
“The harvest season for grapes and the best time for making wine are right now. We’ve finished with picking the grapes and we’ve been busy making wine lately,” Luo Minglu, a manager at Sangri County Pakdrub Rongshun Zhuangyuan Co-which operates the business-was quoted as saying by China News Service.
The company has played a key role in bringing suppliers and local households together to produce wine and other products that have improved the standard of living in the area.
Between 2016 and 2022, the company’s cumulative (累積的) grape yield reached 590 metric tons. More than 500 villagers were employed last year, with more than 2.9 million yuan($406,000) spent on salaries. The grape yield and the wine production of the company had reached 350 tons and 150 tons by 2022, respectively.
Yangjen Lhamo, an employee at Sangri County Pakdrub Rorgshun Zhuangyuan, said she and her sister have worked at the company for years, and not only do they enjoy their toils and spoils (辛勤勞作) but the vineyards are located very close to home. “I earn nearly 6,000, yuan a month, and I am very pleased with my job,” she said. “Thanks to the good policies from the government, it is easy to have a better life if we work hard.
8. What makes Sangri suitable for grape cultivation?
A. An altitude of 3600 meters from the horizon. B. The fertile soil in Sangri county of this region.
C. The climate neither too hot nor too cold. D. The ample sunshine and the rainfalls.
9. What is the function of the last two paragraphs?
A. To present their satisfying working conditions.
B. To describe their busy but meaningful daily lives.
C. To explain the good policies from the government.
D. To show the improving standards of living in this area.
10. Where does this article most probably come from?
A. A scientific paper. B. A meeting minute. C. A newsreel. D. A travel brochure.
11. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. World’s highest grapes cultivate better life in Tibet.
B. Grape yield and ecological balance go hand in hand.
C. The wine production is booming in China.
D. Grape industry soared up in Sangri.
D
Imagine a future where science has created your twin. Not a flesh-and-blood twin, but one that recreates your flesh and blood, your bones, your heart, your brain — your whole body, in fact — as an extremely complicated computer model.
Your doctors can use this digital twin to work out how you will respond to a particular drug or medical procedure. They can even look further into the future, creating a “healthcast”, to forecast what diseases might happen to you or how your lifestyle will affect your health as you age. It is the ultimate in personalized medicine. This is the bold vision set out in Virtual You: How building your digital twin will revolutionize medicine and change your life by Peter Coveney, director of the Centre for Computational Science, and Roger Highfield, science director of the Science Museum Group, UK.
Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these model systems are much simpler than the complex human body. Imagine all the parts that come together to make you work: from the 3 billion letters of your genome (基因組), the numerous molecules (分子) that make up your cells, the trillions of cells building your tissues and organs, and the environment having its input too. Now, imagine trying to create a model of this that is made to each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place over a lifetime. This is easier said than done. Changes in the systems biologists want to describe are usually different from what mathematicians describe as “non-linear” (非線性的). Another complication is “emergence”: where the whole of a system is greater than the sum of its parts. This complexity challenges mathematics and pushes computing to the limit too.
But getting to the next level — a whole human individual — is going to require yet more data and a revolution in computing technology far beyond what is currently possible. Whether we will get there is an open question, but Virtual You shows us what scientists from different fields can achieve when they all work together.
12. What be learned about your science-made twin according to Paragraph 1?
A. Your twin looks just like you.
B. Your twin knows your thoughts.
C. Your twin exists on the computer.
D. Your twin is created out of your DNA.
13. Why is it difficult to build a digital twin?
A. Human body is more complicated than models.
B. Digital twins are not widely used in industries.
C. Scientists lack enough data in building it.
D. Mathematicians and biologists hold different opinions.
14. What’s the author’s attitude towards the idea of a digital twin?
A. Optimistic.
B. Uncertain.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Skeptical.
15. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To stress the necessity of digital twins.
B. To show the effects of digital twins on future health.
C. To explain the building of digital twins in health.
D. To introduce new treatments for diseases in the future.
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. _____16_____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. _____17_____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. _____18_____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
_____19_____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. _____20_____
A. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
D. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
E. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
F. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
G. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共四節(jié)，滿分39分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In the early 1990s, Eric Domb, a highly successful lawyer, came up with the idea of building a bird park. His father-in-law ____21____ the idea in the beginning, but when the ____22____ started to take shape he backed out. Domb thus had to ____23____ money from former clients, his two brothers and father as well as a bank to build a zoological park known as Pairi Daiza.
After the park opened in 1994, his inexperience led to many ____24____, but he pushed on with his venture (冒險(xiǎn)業(yè)). By 2000, the park was turning a profit, and Domb’s ambitions were ____25____. The park needed more than birds, he believed, and other creatures and cultural gardens would help turn it into something ____26____.
Since his childhood he has been fascinated by Chinese ____27____. In 2006, he built the first Chinese garden, Dream of Han Wu Di in his zoo. It was said to be the largest Chinese garden in Europe. Domb kept ____28____ new elements. It finally took more than six years to complete the project.
Domb felt ____29____ by the joint panda breeding program. Domb and his people spent the following months _____30_____ building giant panda houses with no guarantee that Pairi Daizi would be fortunate enough to _____31_____ giant pandas. The huge enclosure (圍場(chǎng)) built includes a pool, cave and _____32_____ plantation.
Now, Domb is eager to tell how he _____33_____ a pair of giant pandas, Xing Hui and Hao Hao in February 2014. The sense of _____34_____ is all the more profound (深刻) in that Pairi Daiza is one of the few private zoos outside China to _____35_____ giant pandas.
21. A. rejected B. supported C. doubted D. opposed
22. A. project B. rule C. law D. document
23. A. steal B. win C. earn D. borrow
24. A. rewards B. wonders C. mistakes D. regrets
25. A. missing B. spreading C. shaking D. growing
26 A. extreme B. unusual C. irregular D. essential
27. A. culture B. food C. poetry D. dream
28. A. containing B. changing C. adding D. removing
29. A. embarrassed B. surprised C. confused D. inspired
30. A. willingly B. enthusiastically C. automatically D. confidently
31. A. take charge of B. pay attention to C. get hold of D. gain knowledge of
32. A. grass B. tea C. banana D. bamboo
33. A. bought B. protected C. received D. tracked
34. A. pride B. humour C. security D. duty
35. A. hide B. house C. train D. save
第二節(jié)(共9小題;每小題1分，滿分9分)
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用選擇性必修一所學(xué)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空一詞。
36. What is it about Tom Hanks that cinema-goers find so ________(有吸引力的)? (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
37. Further information is ________(可獲得) on request. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
38. He buried his face in his hands and __________________(哭泣). (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
39. Some of his ideas about reality are ________(全部)his own. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
40. We were promised a safe passage through the ________(占據(jù)) territory. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
41. It’s important to pay attention to the ________(營(yíng)養(yǎng)的) value of the food you eat. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
42. Under no ________(條件) should you give out your personal information to strangers. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
43. To be kind, this organization is effectively ________(提倡)cuts in taxation. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
44. It is a generally ________(承認(rèn))fact that taking care of parents is a tradition in China. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
第三節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用選擇性必修一所學(xué)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空一詞。
45. Never giving up, ________ ________ ________(從這種意義上來(lái)講), is often the most productive path towards achieving a goal.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
46. Mr. Glaser continued to reflect on the design, ________ hours ________(把……用于) a project that was supposedly finished. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
47. The police turned the whole house ________ ________(顛倒) looking for clues. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
48. The truck shows scarcely any sign of ________ ________ ________(磨損). (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
49. Good readers are good at ________ ________(推理) based on the text they are reading. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
第四節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
閱讀下面句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
50. Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport ________ courage matters more than strength. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
51. The bird was lucky to escape _________(catch) by the boy.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
52. I'm sorry that I can't answer your phone call at 3:00 this afternoon because I ________ (teach) a class at that time. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
53. The Great Wall is the last place ________ Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
54. How did it come about ________ a quiet person should appear so wild today? (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分21分)
第一節(jié)(共2小題;每小題3分，滿分6分)
根據(jù)情境，翻譯下面句子。
55. 面對(duì)巨額賬單，他尷尬地搓著手。(漢譯英)
56. 太羞愧了，以至于他微微低下身子，漲紅了臉。(漢譯英)
第二節(jié)(滿分15分)
57. 你剛在某英文科技論壇中加入一個(gè)討論組，討論內(nèi)容是“Should we fight ChatGPT?”，網(wǎng)友們意見(jiàn)不同。請(qǐng)你就該問(wèn)題在討論組中發(fā)帖，表達(dá)自己的看法，內(nèi)容包括：
1. ChatGPT的優(yōu)勢(shì)；
2. ChatGPT的劣勢(shì)；
3. 你的看法。
注意：
1. 寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Should we fight ChatGPT?
ChatGPT-4 has gained popularity as a chatbot capable of generating human-like responses in natural language conversations.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力
注意事項(xiàng)：英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié)，20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)
做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
答案C。
1. What kind of music will the speakers listen to tonight?
A. Pop. B. Classical. C. Rap.
2. What sport was the man doing?
A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Swimming.
3. How much does a business class ticket cost?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
4: What does the man think of the woman’s earrings?
A. They are pretty. B. They are fashionable. C. They are old.
5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Dogs. B. Houses. C. Views.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
6. Which of the boy’s clothes are broken?
A. A jacket. B. Shirts. C. Pants.
7. What is the woman’s solution to the problem?
A. She will buy the boy new clothes.
B. She will teach the boy to fix his own clothes.
C. She will turn the old clothes into fashionable ones.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
8. Why are the speakers changing their plans?
A. Because of the weather.
B. Because of the ticket price.
C. Because of their love for islands.
9. Where will the speakers probably visit?
A. England. B. Italy. C. Spain.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
10. What has the woman been reading?
A. A novel. B. A dictionary. C. A cookbook.
11. Why doesn’t the man read books?
A. He has poor eyesight. B. He dislikes stories. C. He is too busy.
12. Where does the man usually listen to his books?
A. In the kitchen. B. In the car. C. On the plane.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
13. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a museum. C. At a hotel.
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.
15. When will the speakers leave New York?
A. Tomorrow. B. In two days. C. In three days.
16. What does the woman want to do most?
A. Drink some coffee. B. Go to a Broadway show. C. Look around the place.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。
17 How tall does one child have to be to ride the “Waterfall” alone?
A. 48 inches. B. 45 inches. C. 42 inches.
18. Which area in Water World is the largest?
A Lakeland. B. Rainforest River. C. Oceana.
19. What is the most popular attraction in Oceana?
A. The sink. B. The wave pool. C. The basin.
20. Where does the talk take place?
A. In an amusement center. B. In a national park. C. In a theater.
聽(tīng)力答案：1-5 BBCCA 6-10 CCABA 11-15 CBBAB 16-20 CACBA東北師大附中2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期
高二年級(jí)期中考試(英語(yǔ))科試卷
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答題前，考生須將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考場(chǎng)/座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定位置上，并粘貼條形碼。
2. 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。
3. 回答非選擇題時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用0.5毫米黑色字跡簽字筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域或在草稿紙、本試題卷上書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效。
4. 保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、不要弄皺、弄破。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(1-20小題)在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Throughout the past year, we followed some interesting new inventions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Here is a look back at some notable AI developments in 2022.
Meta’s speech-to-speech translation
Facebook’s parent Meta said it had built a technology tool to directly translate between English and the Hokkien language, a spoken language without a widely used written form.
Meta said it trained its AI models on written text examples from Mandarin Chinese. In addition, developers used an encoding tool designed to compare spoken Hokkien to similar English text.
Method to identify Parkinson’s disease
Researchers announced a new Al method to identify Parkinson’s disease. The system works by measuring a person’s breathing patterns during sleep. With just one night of sleep, the Al system was able to correctly identify Parkinson’s up to 86 percent of the time. With 12 nights of data, the rate went up to 95 percent.
Tool to interpret pig emotions
Researchers announced they had created a technology tool that uses pig sounds to interpret different emotions.
The tool is based on thousands of recordings collected from more than 400 pigs throughout their lives. The scientists developed an AI-driven algorithm to identify a series of emotions pigs could be experiencing. It is expected to lead to further systems farmers can use to improve the productivity and well-being of their animals.
Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings
Researchers — led by Alphabet’s AI company Deep Mind — said they developed an Al system to help fill in missing words in ancient writings. The tool, called Ithaca, is designed to help historians repair the writings and identify when and where they were written.
The team said that when historians work on their own, the success rate for repairing damaged writings is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent.
1. Which can be used for cross-cultural communication?
A. Tool to interpret pig emotions. B. Meta’s speech-to-speech translation.
C. Method to identify Parkinson’s disease. D. Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings.
2. Who will most probably be interested in Ithaca?
A. A farmer. B. A doctor. C. A botanist. D. An archeologist.
3 What do the inventions have in common?
A. They focus on health issues. B. They are developed by Facebook.
C. They aim to promote productivity. D. They are AI-driven technology tools.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2022年里人工智能領(lǐng)域的一些有趣的新發(fā)明。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Meta’s speech-to-speech translation部分的“Facebook’s parent Meta said it had built a technology tool to directly translate between English and the Hokkien language, a spoken language without a widely used written form. (Facebook的母公司Meta表示，它已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種技術(shù)工具，可以直接在英語(yǔ)和閩南語(yǔ)之間進(jìn)行翻譯。閩南語(yǔ)是一種口語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有廣泛使用的書(shū)面形式)”可知，這款工具致力于研究翻譯，因此可用于跨文化交流。故選B項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings部分的“The tool, called Ithaca, is designed to help historians repair the writings and identify when and where they were written. (這個(gè)名為Ithaca的工具旨在幫助歷史學(xué)家修復(fù)這些文字，并確定它們被寫(xiě)下的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn))”可知，Ithaca可以幫助歷史學(xué)家修復(fù)缺失的文字。由此推知，考古學(xué)家會(huì)對(duì)此感興趣。故選D項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Meta’s speech-to-speech translation部分的“Meta said it trained its AI models (Meta表示，它訓(xùn)練了自己的人工智能模型)”、Method to identify Parkinson’s disease部分的“Researchers announced a new Al method to identify Parkinson’s disease. (研究人員宣布了一種新的人工智能方法來(lái)識(shí)別帕金森病)”、Tool to interpret pig emotions部分的“The scientists developed an AI-driven algorithm (科學(xué)家們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的算法)”和Tool to fill in missing words in ancient writings部分的“Researchers — led by Alphabet’s AI company Deep Mind — said they developed an Al system (由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司Deep Mind領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種人工智能系統(tǒng))”可知，這些發(fā)明的共同之處在于它們都是由人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的技術(shù)工具。故選D項(xiàng)。
B
The Story of the Gettysburg Address (葛底斯堡演說(shuō))
By Leslie W. Leavitt & Abraham Lincoln
One of the great and bloody battles of the war was the battle of Gettysburg. Here the Southern armies were beaten and driven back into the South, but not until many thousands of brave men on both sides had lost their lives. They were buried where they fell.
Later a great meeting was held on the battlefield of Gettysburg to honor the brave dead. Thousands of people came from miles around to the meeting, and to hear the two speakers, Mr. Everett and President Lincoln. Mr. Everett was a man of wide experience, the president of a college, one who had travelled much, a fine speaker. He spoke for two hours.
Lincoln rose to speak. He had given but little thought and time to what he was to say and had only just finished writing the end of his speech before riding out to the field. He stood before the greatest crowd, tall and thin, his sad face showing the sorrow of the war. He was silent for a moment, and then, as though he did not see the crowd, he spoke slowly, in a high voice, for three minutes. Its simple and beautiful English, its noble meaning and forgiving spirit, make it one of the greatest speeches of the world. Its famous ending is well known:
“The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work, which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish(湮滅) from the earth.”
4. Who do the underlined words in Paragraph 2 “the brave dead” refer to?
A. The buried Southern armies. B. The dead Northern soldiers.
C. The late brave on both sides. D. The people to the battlefield.
5. What can we learn about the two speakers?
A. They were presidents of the nation. B. They both had rich experience in field trip.
C. They made long-term preparations. D. They gave fine addresses in different manners.
6. Which of the following is NOT a reason to make Lincoln’s speech great?
A. The plain and literary style. B. The slow pace and the high voice.
C. The high purpose of the great task. D. The spirit of pardon and tolerance.
7. What does Lincoln think of the great cause?
A. No longer unforgettable. B. Far from nobly advanced.
C. Well worth increased devotion. D. In a vain attempt and resolution.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了葛底斯堡演說(shuō)背后的故事。
【4題詳解】
短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“any thousands of brave men on both sides had lost their lives”可知，雙方成千上萬(wàn)的勇士喪生，由此可推測(cè)出，the brave dead指的是南北雙方在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中死去的勇士。故選C。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Mr. Everett was a man of wide experience, the president of a college, one who had travelled much, a fine speaker. He spoke for two hours.(埃弗雷特先生是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人，是一所大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)，是一個(gè)游歷很多的人，是一位出色的演說(shuō)家。他講了兩個(gè)小時(shí))”和第三段中的“He was silent for a moment, and then, as though he did not see the crowd, he spoke slowly, in a high voice, for three minutes. Its simple and beautiful English, its noble meaning and forgiving spirit, make it one of the greatest speeches of the world.(他沉默了一會(huì)兒，然后，好像沒(méi)有看到人群，他用很高的聲音慢慢地講了三分鐘。它簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)，高尚的含義和寬容的精神，使它成為世界上最偉大的演講之一)”可知，埃弗雷特先生是一位出色的演說(shuō)家，他演講了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，而林肯的演講語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)美，含有高尚和寬容的精神，是世界上最偉大的演講之一。由此推知，埃弗雷特和林肯在葛底斯堡的演講都很精彩，但是演講方式不同。故選D。
【6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Its simple and beautiful English, its noble meaning and forgiving spirit, make it one of the greatest speeches of the world.(它簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)，高尚的含義和寬容的精神，使它成為世界上最偉大的演講之一)”可知，林肯演講的樸實(shí)典雅的風(fēng)格、高尚的含義、寬容的精神，讓他的演講變得非常偉大，選項(xiàng)A、C、D均符合題意，B項(xiàng)“緩慢的語(yǔ)速和高昂的聲音”并不是他演講偉大的原因。故選B。
【7題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)林肯演講中的“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion”可知，我們更應(yīng)該在這里獻(xiàn)身于擺在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——要從這些光榮的死者身上汲取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，來(lái)完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的事業(yè)，由此可知，林肯認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)偉大的事業(yè)值得付出更多。故選C。
C
The fragrance of pressed grapes perfumes the mountain air in the small village of Tharma in Sangri county of the Tibetan autonomous region this time of year.
Grape cultivation in the county, which is the highest location on the planet where grapes are grown, sits at an average altitude of 3600 meters above sea level. It has increased the wealth of the residents and created a whole new local industry that is prospering. Organic grape growing was introduced to the county, which is blessed by a mild climate and moderate sunshine, via an Aid-Tibet project funded by Hunan province, and since 2011,the cultivation area has increased from less than 1 hectare(公頃) to nearly 666 hectares. The vineyards in Sangri county were recognized in 2021 for their production of green, pollution-free products.
“The harvest season for grapes and the best time for making wine are right now. We’ve finished with picking the grapes and we’ve been busy making wine lately,” Luo Minglu, a manager at Sangri County Pakdrub Rongshun Zhuangyuan Co-which operates the business-was quoted as saying by China News Service.
The company has played a key role in bringing suppliers and local households together to produce wine and other products that have improved the standard of living in the area.
Between 2016 and 2022, the company’s cumulative (累積的) grape yield reached 590 metric tons. More than 500 villagers were employed last year, with more than 2.9 million yuan($406,000) spent on salaries. The grape yield and the wine production of the company had reached 350 tons and 150 tons by 2022, respectively.
Yangjen Lhamo, an employee at Sangri County Pakdrub Rorgshun Zhuangyuan, said she and her sister have worked at the company for years, and not only do they enjoy their toils and spoils (辛勤勞作) but the vineyards are located very close to home. “I earn nearly 6,000, yuan a month, and I am very pleased with my job,” she said. “Thanks to the good policies from the government, it is easy to have a better life if we work hard.
8. What makes Sangri suitable for grape cultivation?
A. An altitude of 3600 meters from the horizon. B. The fertile soil in Sangri county of this region.
C. The climate neither too hot nor too cold. D. The ample sunshine and the rainfalls.
9. What is the function of the last two paragraphs?
A. To present their satisfying working conditions.
B. To describe their busy but meaningful daily lives.
C. To explain the good policies from the government.
D. To show the improving standards of living in this area.
10. Where does this article most probably come from?
A. A scientific paper. B. A meeting minute. C. A newsreel. D. A travel brochure.
11. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. World’s highest grapes cultivate better life in Tibet.
B. Grape yield and ecological balance go hand in hand.
C. The wine production is booming in China.
D. Grape industry soared up in Sangri.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了西藏的桑日縣，因?yàn)闅夂蚝完?yáng)光溫和，被發(fā)展成為葡萄種植地，發(fā)展了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，提高了該地區(qū)的生活水平。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Organic grape growing was introduced to the county, which is blessed by a mild climate and moderate sunshine, via an Aid-Tibet project funded by Hunan province, and since 2011,the cultivation area has increased from less than 1 hectare(公頃) to nearly 666 hectares.(通過(guò)湖南省援藏項(xiàng)目，有機(jī)葡萄種植被引入到氣候溫和、陽(yáng)光溫和的該縣，自2011年以來(lái)，種植面積從不到1公頃增加到近666公頃)”可知，桑日適合葡萄種植是因?yàn)闅夂蚣炔惶珶嵋膊惶洹９蔬xC。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Between 2016 and 2022, the company’s cumulative (累積的) grape yield reached 590 metric tons. More than 500 villagers were employed last year, with more than 2.9 million yuan($406,000) spent on salaries. The grape yield and the wine production of the company had reached 350 tons and 150 tons by 2022, respectively.(2016年至2022年間，該公司的累計(jì)葡萄產(chǎn)量達(dá)到590公噸。去年有500多名村民受雇，工資支出超過(guò)290萬(wàn)元（406,000美元）。到2022年，公司葡萄產(chǎn)量和葡萄酒產(chǎn)量分別達(dá)到350噸和150噸)”以及最后一段““I earn nearly 6,000, yuan a month, and I am very pleased with my job,” she said. “Thanks to the good policies from the government, it is easy to have a better life if we work hard. (她說(shuō)：“我一個(gè)月掙近6000元，我對(duì)自己的工作很滿意。多虧了政府的好政策，只要我們努力工作，就很容易過(guò)上更好的生活”)”可推知，最后兩段的作用是顯示該地區(qū)生活水平的提高。故選D。
10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要介紹了西藏的桑日縣，因?yàn)闅夂蚝完?yáng)光溫和，被發(fā)展成為葡萄種植地，發(fā)展了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，提高了該地區(qū)的生活水平。可推知，文章選自新聞?dòng)捌?。故選C。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The fragrance of pressed grapes perfumes the mountain air in the small village of Tharma in Sangri county of the Tibetan autonomous region this time of year.(每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，西藏自治區(qū)桑日縣的小村莊達(dá)瑪，山上的空氣中彌漫著壓榨葡萄的香味)”以及第二段“Grape cultivation in the county, which is the highest location on the planet where grapes are grown, sits at an average altitude of 3600 meters above sea level.(該縣的葡萄種植位于平均海拔3600米的地方，是地球上葡萄種植最高的地方)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了西藏的桑日縣，因?yàn)闅夂蚝完?yáng)光溫和，被發(fā)展成為葡萄種植地，發(fā)展了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，提高了該地區(qū)的生活水平?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“世界最高的葡萄，讓西藏的生活更美好”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
D
Imagine a future where science has created your twin. Not a flesh-and-blood twin, but one that recreates your flesh and blood, your bones, your heart, your brain — your whole body, in fact — as an extremely complicated computer model.
Your doctors can use this digital twin to work out how you will respond to a particular drug or medical procedure. They can even look further into the future, creating a “healthcast”, to forecast what diseases might happen to you or how your lifestyle will affect your health as you age. It is the ultimate in personalized medicine. This is the bold vision set out in Virtual You: How building your digital twin will revolutionize medicine and change your life by Peter Coveney, director of the Centre for Computational Science, and Roger Highfield, science director of the Science Museum Group, UK.
Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these model systems are much simpler than the complex human body. Imagine all the parts that come together to make you work: from the 3 billion letters of your genome (基因組), the numerous molecules (分子) that make up your cells, the trillions of cells building your tissues and organs, and the environment having its input too. Now, imagine trying to create a model of this that is made to each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place over a lifetime. This is easier said than done. Changes in the systems biologists want to describe are usually different from what mathematicians describe as “non-linear” (非線性的). Another complication is “emergence”: where the whole of a system is greater than the sum of its parts. This complexity challenges mathematics and pushes computing to the limit too.
But getting to the next level — a whole human individual — is going to require yet more data and a revolution in computing technology far beyond what is currently possible. Whether we will get there is an open question, but Virtual You shows us what scientists from different fields can achieve when they all work together.
12. What be learned about your science-made twin according to Paragraph 1?
A. Your twin looks just like you.
B. Your twin knows your thoughts.
C. Your twin exists on the computer.
D. Your twin is created out of your DNA.
13. Why is it difficult to build a digital twin?
A. Human body is more complicated than models.
B. Digital twins are not widely used in industries.
C. Scientists lack enough data in building it.
D. Mathematicians and biologists hold different opinions.
14. What’s the author’s attitude towards the idea of a digital twin?
A. Optimistic.
B. Uncertain.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Skeptical.
15. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To stress the necessity of digital twins.
B. To show the effects of digital twins on future health.
C. To explain the building of digital twins in health.
D. To introduce new treatments for diseases in the future.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了健康領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點(diǎn)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Not a flesh-and-blood twin, but one that recreates your flesh and blood, your bones, your heart, your brain — your whole body, in fact — as an extremely complicated computer model.（不是血肉之軀的雙胞胎，而是將你的血肉之軀、骨骼、心臟、大腦——實(shí)際上是你的整個(gè)身體——復(fù)制成一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī)模型。）”可知，你的科學(xué)雙胞胎存在于電腦中。故選C項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Changes in the systems biologists want to describe are usually different from what mathematicians describe as “non-linear” (非線性的). Another complication is “emergence”: where the whole of a system is greater than the sum of its parts. This complexity challenges mathematics and pushes computing to the limit too.（生物學(xué)家想要描述的系統(tǒng)變化通常不同于數(shù)學(xué)家所描述的“非線性”。另一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題是“涌現(xiàn)”：一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的整體大于其各部分的總和。這種復(fù)雜性對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)提出了挑戰(zhàn)，也將計(jì)算推向了極限。）”可知，建立數(shù)字雙胞胎的困難在于人體遠(yuǎn)比模型復(fù)雜，其中的系統(tǒng)變化和涌現(xiàn)問(wèn)題非常難以解決。故選A項(xiàng)。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But getting to the next level — a whole human individual — is going to require yet more data and a revolution in computing technology far beyond what is currently possible. Whether we will get there is an open question, but Virtual You shows us what scientists from different fields can achieve when they all work together.（但要達(dá)到下一個(gè)階段——一個(gè)完整的人類個(gè)體——將需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)和一場(chǎng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出目前可能的計(jì)算技術(shù)革命。我們是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)是一個(gè)懸而未決的問(wèn)題，但《虛擬的你》向我們展示了來(lái)自不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家在共同努力時(shí)所能取得的成就。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然能否創(chuàng)造一個(gè)完整的人類個(gè)體仍然未知，但是《虛擬的你》這本書(shū)已經(jīng)展示了科學(xué)家們?cè)诠餐Ψ矫娴某删?。由此推知，作者?duì)數(shù)字雙胞胎的想法是積極樂(lè)觀的。故選A項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章為讀者介紹了健康領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點(diǎn)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。因此，文章的目的在于解釋健康領(lǐng)域數(shù)字雙胞胎的構(gòu)建。故選C項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. _____16_____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. _____17_____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. _____18_____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
_____19_____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. _____20_____
A. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
D. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
E. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
F. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
G. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們對(duì)成功和失敗的反應(yīng)是天生的，并介紹了這一研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (這一發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)自英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)的Jessica Tracy和舊金山州立大學(xué)的David Matsumoto，他們想知道人們是如何表達(dá)自豪和羞愧的。)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人們是如何表達(dá)自豪和羞愧的，本句應(yīng)承接上文進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明他們想法，C選項(xiàng)中they指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故C選項(xiàng)“他們尤其想知道這些表達(dá)方式是否是文化決定的，是否是通過(guò)觀察習(xí)得的?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比賽——?dú)垔W會(huì)——包括許多天生失明的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。)”可知，上文提到殘奧會(huì)包括許多眼睛看不見(jiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，故本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，表示這些人無(wú)法目睹其他人對(duì)勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故F選項(xiàng)“因此，他們無(wú)法目睹其他人對(duì)勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，呼應(yīng)第二段“They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.(他們?cè)噲D找到一大群人，其中一些人之前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)其他人對(duì)成功或失敗做出反應(yīng)，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。)”，故選F。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位專業(yè)攝影師的幫助下，Tracy和Matsumoto比較了108名參賽者的肢體語(yǔ)言，其中41人后天失明，12人從出生就失明。攝影師在運(yùn)動(dòng)員比賽結(jié)束后反復(fù)拍照，研究人員仔細(xì)記錄他們頭部、手臂和身體的姿勢(shì)。)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. (獲勝者仰起頭、微笑、舉起雙臂、挺起胸膛，而失敗者的標(biāo)志是肩膀前傾、胸膛狹窄。 )”可知，上文提到Tracy和Matsumoto在對(duì)比運(yùn)動(dòng)員的姿勢(shì)，后文則提到了一些獲勝者和失敗者所共有的肢體動(dòng)作，可推測(cè)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有視力和失明的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為方式幾乎完全相同，故A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)思路點(diǎn)撥數(shù)據(jù)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有視力和失明的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為方式幾乎完全相同?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選 A 。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers. (獲勝者仰起頭、微笑、舉起雙臂、挺起胸膛，而失敗者的標(biāo)志是肩膀前傾、胸膛狹窄。)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest. (從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)別人有這種行為的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的動(dòng)作。雖然父母可能教過(guò)他們的盲童一些這些動(dòng)作，但他們不太可能教過(guò)他們——尤其是胸部的擴(kuò)張或縮小。)”可知，上一段對(duì)比的結(jié)果是有視力和失明的運(yùn)動(dòng)員行為方式幾乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的動(dòng)作，后文則提到從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)別人有這種行為的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的動(dòng)作，可推測(cè)他們的行為證明了這些動(dòng)作能力是天生就有的。故D選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)員的行為有力地證明了他們從出生起就具有天生的動(dòng)作能力?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選D。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (這些動(dòng)作在來(lái)自世界各地的選手之間也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto認(rèn)為，驕傲和羞恥應(yīng)該和其他基本情感，如快樂(lè)、恐懼和驚訝，一起占有一席之地。 )”可知，來(lái)自世界各地的選手動(dòng)作也一致，說(shuō)明驕傲和羞恥是天生的行為，G選項(xiàng)中They指代上文中pride and shame。故G選項(xiàng)“它們是天生的行為，伴隨著它們自己獨(dú)特的一系列行為。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G 。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共四節(jié)，滿分39分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In the early 1990s, Eric Domb, a highly successful lawyer, came up with the idea of building a bird park. His father-in-law ____21____ the idea in the beginning, but when the ____22____ started to take shape he backed out. Domb thus had to ____23____ money from former clients, his two brothers and father as well as a bank to build a zoological park known as Pairi Daiza.
After the park opened in 1994, his inexperience led to many ____24____, but he pushed on with his venture (冒險(xiǎn)業(yè)). By 2000, the park was turning a profit, and Domb’s ambitions were ____25____. The park needed more than birds, he believed, and other creatures and cultural gardens would help turn it into something ____26____.
Since his childhood he has been fascinated by Chinese ____27____. In 2006, he built the first Chinese garden, Dream of Han Wu Di in his zoo. It was said to be the largest Chinese garden in Europe. Domb kept ____28____ new elements. It finally took more than six years to complete the project.
Domb felt ____29____ by the joint panda breeding program. Domb and his people spent the following months _____30_____ building giant panda houses with no guarantee that Pairi Daizi would be fortunate enough to _____31_____ giant pandas. The huge enclosure (圍場(chǎng)) built includes a pool, cave and _____32_____ plantation.
Now, Domb is eager to tell how he _____33_____ a pair of giant pandas, Xing Hui and Hao Hao in February 2014. The sense of _____34_____ is all the more profound (深刻) in that Pairi Daiza is one of the few private zoos outside China to _____35_____ giant pandas.
21. A. rejected B. supported C. doubted D. opposed
22. A. project B. rule C. law D. document
23. A. steal B. win C. earn D. borrow
24. A. rewards B. wonders C. mistakes D. regrets
25. A. missing B. spreading C. shaking D. growing
26. A. extreme B. unusual C. irregular D. essential
27. A. culture B. food C. poetry D. dream
28. A. containing B. changing C. adding D. removing
29. A. embarrassed B. surprised C. confused D. inspired
30. A. willingly B. enthusiastically C. automatically D. confidently
31. A. take charge of B. pay attention to C. get hold of D. gain knowledge of
32. A. grass B. tea C. banana D. bamboo
33. A. bought B. protected C. received D. tracked
34. A. pride B. humour C. security D. duty
35. A. hide B. house C. train D. save
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Eric Domb想出了建立一個(gè)鳥(niǎo)類公園的想法，雖然遇到了很多挑戰(zhàn)，但他堅(jiān)持下來(lái)，成功將Pairi Daiza轉(zhuǎn)為盈利狀態(tài)，還陸續(xù)往公園里添加了其他元素。受到了大熊貓聯(lián)合繁育計(jì)劃的啟發(fā)，他熱情地建造了大熊貓館，Pairi Daiza成為中國(guó)海外為數(shù)不多的住著大熊貓的私人動(dòng)物園之一。
【21題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的岳父一開(kāi)始支持這個(gè)想法，但當(dāng)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始成型時(shí)，他就退出了。A. rejected拒絕；B. supported支持；C. doubted懷疑；D. opposed反對(duì)。根據(jù)下文“but”和“he backed out”可知，此處有轉(zhuǎn)折，后來(lái)他的岳父退出了，由此推知，他的岳父一開(kāi)始是支持這個(gè)想法的。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的岳父一開(kāi)始支持這個(gè)想法，但當(dāng)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始成型時(shí)，他就退出了。A. project項(xiàng)目；B. rule規(guī)則；C. law法律；D. document文件。根據(jù)上文“the idea of building a bird park”可知，此處指由建立一個(gè)鳥(niǎo)類公園的想法發(fā)展而來(lái)的項(xiàng)目。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，Domb不得不向以前的客戶、他的兩個(gè)兄弟和父親以及一家銀行借錢(qián)，以建立一個(gè)名為Pairi Daiza的動(dòng)物園。A. steal偷竊；B. win贏得；C. earn賺??；D. borrow借用。根據(jù)下文“money from former clients, his two brothers and father as well as a bank”可推知，Domb應(yīng)該是從這些人和銀行那里借錢(qián)來(lái)推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1994年樂(lè)園開(kāi)業(yè)后，由于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他犯了很多錯(cuò)誤，但他還是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)他的冒險(xiǎn)。A. rewards獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；B. wonders奇跡；C. mistakes錯(cuò)誤；D. regrets遺憾。根據(jù)上文“his inexperience”可推知，缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)致的往往是犯錯(cuò)誤。故選C。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到2000年，公園開(kāi)始盈利，Domb的雄心也在增長(zhǎng)。A. missing錯(cuò)過(guò)；B. spreading傳播；C. shaking搖晃；D. growing增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)下文“The park needed more than birds, he believed, and other creatures and cultural gardens would help turn it into something ____6____.”可知，Domb想增加公園內(nèi)的鳥(niǎo)類，并引入其他生物和文化花園，由此可知，他的雄心在增長(zhǎng)。故選D。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他認(rèn)為，公園需要的不僅僅是鳥(niǎo)類，其他生物和文化花園將幫助它變得與眾不同。A. extreme極端的；B. unusual不尋常的；C. irregular不規(guī)則的；D. essential必要的。根據(jù)上文“other creatures and cultural gardens”可推知，在公園里引入其他生物和文化花園會(huì)使之變得與眾不同。故選B。
【27題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他從小就對(duì)中國(guó)文化著迷。A. culture文化；B. food食物；C. poetry詩(shī)歌；D. dream夢(mèng)想。根據(jù)下文“In 2006, he built the first Chinese garden, Dream of Han Wu Di in his zoo.”可知，他在公園里建立了中國(guó)園林，由此可知，他對(duì)中國(guó)文化著迷。故選A。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Domb不斷添加新元素。A. containing包含；B. changing改變；C. adding增加；D. removing移除。根據(jù)下文“new elements”和“It finally took more than six years to complete the project.”可推知，Domb不斷增加新的元素，所以耗時(shí)很久才完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Domb受到了大熊貓聯(lián)合繁育計(jì)劃的啟發(fā)。A. embarrassed尷尬的；B. surprised驚訝的；C. confused困惑的；D. inspired受到啟發(fā)的。根據(jù)下文“Domb and his people spent the following months ____10____ building giant panda houses”可知，Domb和他的員工建造了大熊貓館，由此可知，他是受到了這個(gè)計(jì)劃的啟發(fā)。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，在并不能保證Pairi Daizi能有幸負(fù)責(zé)大熊貓的情況下，Domb和他的員工熱情地建造了大熊貓館。A. willingly樂(lè)意地；B. enthusiastically熱情地；C. automatically自動(dòng)地；D. confidently自信地。根據(jù)下文“Now, Domb is eager to tell how he ____13____ a pair of giant pandas, Xing Hui and Hao Hao in February 2014.”可知，Domb對(duì)于養(yǎng)育大熊貓充滿了熱情，由此可知，他和員工應(yīng)該是熱情地建造了大熊貓館。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，在并不能保證Pairi Daizi能有幸負(fù)責(zé)大熊貓的情況下，Domb和他的員工熱情地建造了大熊貓館。A. take charge of負(fù)責(zé)；B. pay attention to注意；C. get hold of掌握；D. gain knowledge of獲得……的知識(shí)。根據(jù)上文“giant panda houses”和常識(shí)可推知，他們建立大熊貓館的目的是為了能收到大熊貓，負(fù)責(zé)大熊貓的生活。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：巨大的圍場(chǎng)包括一個(gè)水池、洞穴和竹林。A. grass草；B. tea茶；C. banana香蕉；D. bamboo竹子。根據(jù)上文“giant pandas”和常識(shí)可推知，以竹子為食的大熊貓需要的是竹林。故選D。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Domb迫不及待地想告訴大家他是如何在2014年2月收到一對(duì)大熊貓“星徽”和“好好”的。A. bought購(gòu)買；B. protected保護(hù)；C. received收到；D. tracked追蹤。根據(jù)上文“Domb felt ____9____ by the joint panda breeding program.”可推知，Domb應(yīng)該是參與了大熊貓聯(lián)合繁育計(jì)劃，收到了中國(guó)送來(lái)的一對(duì)大熊貓。故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)镻airi Daiza是中國(guó)海外為數(shù)不多的住著大熊貓的私人動(dòng)物園之一，這種自豪感更加深刻。A. pride自豪；B. humour幽默；C. security安全；D. duty責(zé)任。根據(jù)上文“Now, Domb is eager to tell how he ____13____ a pair of giant pandas, Xing Hui and Hao Hao in February 2014.”可知，Domb對(duì)于能夠養(yǎng)育大熊貓非常熱情，由此可知，他會(huì)有一種自豪感。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)镻airi Daiza是中國(guó)海外為數(shù)不多的住著大熊貓的私人動(dòng)物園之一，這種自豪感更加深刻。A. hide隱藏；B. house為……提供住所；C. train訓(xùn)練；D. save拯救。根據(jù)上文“one of the few private zoos outside China”和常識(shí)可推知，私人動(dòng)物園能做的應(yīng)該是為大熊貓?zhí)峁┳∷?fù)責(zé)照顧它們。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共9小題;每小題1分，滿分9分)
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用選擇性必修一所學(xué)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空一詞。
36. What is it about Tom Hanks that cinema-goers find so ________(有吸引力的)? (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】appealing
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：湯姆·漢克斯到底有什么吸引影迷的地方？結(jié)合“cinema-goers”可知，“有吸引力的”應(yīng)用形容詞appealing，作find的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，側(cè)重某人有感染力、令人感興趣的。故填appealing。
37. Further information is ________(可獲得) on request. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】available
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如有要求，可提供進(jìn)一步資料。句中用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。形容詞“可獲得”英文為available。故填available。
38 He buried his face in his hands and __________________(哭泣). (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))
【答案】wept
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他雙手掩著臉哭了起來(lái)?！翱奁北磉_(dá)為動(dòng)詞weep，設(shè)空處與buried并列，作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，故填wept。
39. Some of his ideas about reality are ________(全部)his own. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】entirely
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：他對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的一些看法完全是他自己的。根據(jù)句意以及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處修飾句子應(yīng)用副詞entirely，作狀語(yǔ)。故填entirely。
40. We were promised a safe passage through the ________(占據(jù)) territory. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】occupied
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我們得到保證可以安全通過(guò)被占領(lǐng)土。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示“占據(jù)”可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞occupy，動(dòng)詞和名詞territory之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填occupied。
41. It’s important to pay attention to the ________(營(yíng)養(yǎng)的) value of the food you eat. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】nutritional
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：注意你所吃食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值是很重要的?！盃I(yíng)養(yǎng)的”應(yīng)用形容詞nutritional，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞value，表示營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。故填nutritional。
42. Under no ________(條件) should you give out your personal information to strangers. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】circumstances
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：無(wú)論如何你都不應(yīng)該把你的個(gè)人信息給陌生人。結(jié)合“Under no”可知，“條件”應(yīng)用名詞circumstance，作Under的賓語(yǔ)，且需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)under no circumstances，意為“決不，無(wú)論如何都不”。故填circumstances。
43. To be kind, this organization is effectively ________(提倡)cuts in taxation. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】advocating
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：出于善意，這個(gè)組織實(shí)際上正在倡導(dǎo)減稅。結(jié)合空前的is和句子意思可知，本句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞advocate意為“提倡”，與主語(yǔ)this organization為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用advocating。故答案為advocating。
44. It is a generally ________(承認(rèn))fact that taking care of parents is a tradition in China. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示拼寫(xiě)單詞)
【答案】acknowledged
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：照顧父母是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)，這是公認(rèn)的事實(shí)。動(dòng)詞acknowledge意為“承認(rèn)”，與名詞fact為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞acknowledged，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞fact。故答案為acknowledged。
第三節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用選擇性必修一所學(xué)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，每空一詞。
45. Never giving up, ________ ________ ________(從這種意義上來(lái)講), is often the most productive path towards achieving a goal.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
【答案】 ①. in ②. this ③. sense
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，永不放棄往往是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的最有效途徑?！皬倪@種意義上講”為短語(yǔ)in this sense，作狀語(yǔ)，故填in this sense。
46. Mr. Glaser continued to reflect on the design, ________ hours ________(把……用于) a project that was supposedly finished. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
【答案】 ①. devoting ②. to
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定搭配和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：格拉澤先生繼續(xù)反思這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)，把幾個(gè)小時(shí)用在一個(gè)本應(yīng)已經(jīng)完成的項(xiàng)目上。devote...to...意為“把……用于……”，為固定搭配。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的謂語(yǔ)為continued，所以空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ)Mr. Glaser和devote之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填devoting；to。
47. The police turned the whole house ________ ________(顛倒) looking for clues. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
【答案】 ①. upside ②. down
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：警察把整個(gè)房子翻了個(gè)底朝天尋找線索。結(jié)合“turned the whole house”和“顛倒”可知，此處用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turn sth. upside down，意為“把……顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，把……翻得亂七八糟”。故填①upside；②down。
48. The truck shows scarcely any sign of ________ ________ ________(磨損). (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
【答案】 ①. wear ②. and ③. tear
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：卡車幾乎沒(méi)有任何磨損的跡象。“磨損”為名詞短語(yǔ)wear and tear，作賓語(yǔ)，故填wear and tear。
49. Good readers are good at ________ ________(推理) based on the text they are reading. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子)
【答案】 ①. making ②. inferences
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：好的讀者善于根據(jù)他們正在閱讀的文章進(jìn)行推理。make inferences意為“進(jìn)行推理”，inference(推論，推斷的結(jié)果)為可數(shù)名詞?？涨坝薪樵~at，這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。故填making；inferences。
第四節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
閱讀下面句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
50. Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport ________ courage matters more than strength. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：蹦極是一項(xiàng)勇氣比力量更重要的冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞sport，先行詞在從句中表示行為發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where作引導(dǎo)詞。故填where。
51. The bird was lucky to escape _________(catch) by the boy.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】being caught
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那只鳥(niǎo)很幸運(yùn)，沒(méi)有被那個(gè)男孩抓住。escape doing固定搭配，意為“逃避做某事；逃脫做某事”，由by可知，此處表示“被抓住”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填being caught。
52. I'm sorry that I can't answer your phone call at 3:00 this afternoon because I ________ (teach) a class at that time. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】will be teaching
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：很抱歉，今天下午3點(diǎn)我不能接你的電話，因?yàn)槲夷菚r(shí)一直在上課。由句意可知，at 3:00 this afternoon是將來(lái)時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)一直在上課，所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，表將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一階段內(nèi)將/正要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。故填will be teaching。
53. The Great Wall is the last place ________ Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：長(zhǎng)城是史密斯先生離開(kāi)北京前要參觀的最后一個(gè)地方?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞place，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞被the last修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。故填that。
54. How did it come about ________ a quiet person should appear so wild today? (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：一個(gè)文靜的人今天怎么會(huì)顯得如此狂野呢？此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作成分，僅起連接作用。故填that。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分21分)
第一節(jié)(共2小題;每小題3分，滿分6分)
根據(jù)情境，翻譯下面句子。
55. 面對(duì)巨額賬單，他尷尬地搓著手。(漢譯英)
【答案】Facing the huge bill, he rubbed his hands in embarrassment.
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“面對(duì)巨額賬單”可翻譯為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)?！懊鎸?duì)”可表示為face；“巨額賬單”可表示為huge bill；“尷尬地”可表示為in embarrassment；“搓著手”可表示為rub one’s hands。face和邏輯主語(yǔ)“他”(he)之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句意，這里表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故本句可翻譯為：Facing the huge bill, he rubbed his hands in embarrassment.
56. 太羞愧了，以至于他微微低下身子，漲紅了臉。(漢譯英)
【答案】So ashamed was he that he lowered his body a bit with his face turning red.
【解析】
【詳解】考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、倒裝句、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)中的“太……以至于……”可知，這里應(yīng)用so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so后跟形容詞或副詞，當(dāng)so連同其修飾的成分位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前?！靶呃ⅰ笨杀硎緸閍shamed，為形容詞，可作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)；“微微低下身子”可表示為lower one’s body a bit。句中的“漲紅了臉”可表示為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中“臉”(face)和“漲紅”(turn red)之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故本句可翻譯為：So ashamed was he that he lowered his body a bit with his face turning red.
第二節(jié)(滿分15分)
57. 你剛在某英文科技論壇中加入一個(gè)討論組，討論內(nèi)容是“Should we fight ChatGPT?”，網(wǎng)友們意見(jiàn)不同。請(qǐng)你就該問(wèn)題在討論組中發(fā)帖，表達(dá)自己的看法，內(nèi)容包括：
1. ChatGPT的優(yōu)勢(shì)；
2. ChatGPT的劣勢(shì)；
3. 你的看法。
注意：
1. 寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Should we fight ChatGPT?
ChatGPT-4 has gained popularity as a chatbot capable of generating human-like responses in natural language conversations.
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【答案】Should we fight ChatGPT?
ChatGPT-4 has gained popularity as a chatbot capable of generating human-like responses in natural language conversations. While it offers several benefits, there are also drawbacks that need to be considered.
Its multiple advantages contribute to its widespread use. Firstly, it saves users’ time by providing quick and accessible information. Secondly, it offers assistance in learning and problem-solving, which is particularly valuable for students seeking immediate guidance.
Despite its benefits, ChatGPT has certain limitations like the potential for misinformation or biased responses. Another issue is the lack of emotional understanding, so it sometimes provides insensitive or inadequate answers, diminishing the quality of the conversation.
In conclusion, ChatGPT-4 is a powerful new AI technology that has the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate with machines. However, considering its disadvantages, it is crucial to address these challenges and cultivate responsible, safe, and beneficial use of ChatGPT.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于英文寫(xiě)作中的議論文。要求考生在某英文科技論壇的討論組中發(fā)帖，談?wù)剬?duì)ChatGPT的想法。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
首先：firstly→ first of all
雖然、盡管：despite → in spite of
最后： in conclusion→ finally/at last
考慮到：considering→ given/in view of
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Despite its benefits, ChatGPT has certain limitations like the potential for misinformation or biased responses.
拓展句：While there are many benefits, ChatGPT has certain limitations like the potential for misinformation or biased responses.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】While it offers several benefits, there are also drawbacks that need to be considered.（運(yùn)用了while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】Secondly, it offers assistance in learning and problem-solving, which is particularly valuable for students seeking immediate guidance.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力
注意事項(xiàng)：英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié)，20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分。
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)
做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What kind of music will the speakers listen to tonight?
A Pop. B. Classical. C. Rap.
2. What sport was the man doing?
A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Swimming.
3. How much does a business class ticket cost?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
4: What does the man think of the woman’s earrings?
A. They are pretty. B. They are fashionable. C. They are old.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Dogs. B. Houses. C. Views.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
6. Which of the boy’s clothes are broken?
A. A jacket. B. Shirts. C. Pants.
7. What is the woman’s solution to the problem?
A. She will buy the boy new clothes.
B. She will teach the boy to fix his own clothes.
C. She will turn the old clothes into fashionable ones.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
8. Why are the speakers changing their plans?
A. Because of the weather.
B. Because of the ticket price.
C. Because of their love for islands.
9. Where will the speakers probably visit?
A. England. B. Italy. C. Spain.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
10. What has the woman been reading?
A. A novel. B. A dictionary. C. A cookbook.
11. Why doesn’t the man read books?
A. He has poor eyesight. B. He dislikes stories. C. He is too busy.
12. Where does the man usually listen to his books?
A. In the kitchen. B. In the car. C. On the plane.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。
13. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a museum. C. At a hotel.
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student.
15. When will the speakers leave New York?
A. Tomorrow. B. In two days. C. In three days.
16. What does the woman want to do most?
A. Drink some coffee. B. Go to a Broadway show. C. Look around the place.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。
17. How tall does one child have to be to ride the “Waterfall” alone?
A. 48 inches. B. 45 inches. C. 42 inches.
18. Which area in Water World is the largest?
A. Lakeland. B. Rainforest River. C. Oceana.
19. What is the most popular attraction in Oceana?
A. The sink. B. The wave pool. C. The basin.
20. Where does the talk take place?
A. In an amusement center. B. In a national park. C. In a theater.
聽(tīng)力答案：1-5 BBCCA 6-10 CCABA 11-15 CBBAB 16-20 CACBA

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