?昆明市第一中學2021-2022上學期期中考試
高二英語
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題 每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Ingredients
Author: George Zaidan
Price:￡15.00
How often do you view the ingredients on the back of your food products? Even if you check regularly, it can be difficult to make sense of these long lists and complex codes. This book tries to find out the chemistry of these products. By opening this book, you are taking a journey, interpreting packets of data and exploring what this really means for you and your body.
Inventors
Author: Robert Winston
Price:￡20.00
The modern technological world we all now benefit from stands on the shoulders of inventors throughout history. From recognizable figures such as Leonardo da Vinci to less known scientists such as Stephanie Kwolek, Inventors explores the lives and scientific achievements of academic minds throughout the ages.
The Remarkable Life of the skin
Author:Monty Lyman
Price:￡20.00
You might think you know your own skin pretty well. You see, touch and live in it every day, but the complexity of this organ is often overlooked. Author Monty Lyman, expertly explains how our outer body is constantly changing, how it has been viewed through history and the science that lies beyond our eyes reach.
Saturn's Moon Titan
Author: Ralph Lorenz
Price:￡25.00
Titan is a moon, but as this book will inform you, it could be mistaken for a planet. As Saturn's largest moon, it is bigger than Mercury, and its atmosphere consists of about 98 percent nitrogen with most of the remainder being methane. As you read the pages of this book, you will journey through Titan's landscape, the science behind its atmosphere and much more.
All the above books are now available and there's a 10% discount if you buy any one of them before October 1st, 2021.
1. Whose book uncovers the secrets of what we eat?
A. Ralph Lorenz's. B. Monty Lyman's.
C. George Zaidan's. D. Robert Winston's.
2. What can be learned about Titan?
A It is a moon instead of a planet.
B. Its size is the same as that of Mercury.
C. It moves around the Sun as Saturn does.
D. Its atmosphere is mainly made up of oxygen.
3. How much should you pay for the first two books before October 1st, 2021?
A. ￡31.50. B. ￡33.00.
C. ￡33.50. D. ￡35.00.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是應用文。文章介紹了四本書籍的作者，價格，主要內(nèi)容以及折扣。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ingredients部分的“Author: George Zaidan”和“This book tries to find out the chemistry of these products. By opening this book, you are taking a journey, interpreting packets of data and exploring what this really means for you and your body.（這本書試圖找出這些產(chǎn)品的化學性質(zhì)。通過打開這本書，你正在進行一段旅程，解析數(shù)據(jù)包，探索這對你和你的身體真正意味著什么）”可知，George Zaidan的本書Ingredients揭示了我們吃的東西的秘密，故選C。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Saturn's Moon Titan部分“Titan is a moon, but as this book will inform you, it could be mistaken for a planet. As Saturn's largest moon, it is bigger than Mercury, and its atmosphere consists of about 98 percent nitrogen with most of the remainder being methane.( Titan是一個月亮，但正如這本書將告訴你的那樣，它可能會被誤認為是一個行星。作為土星最大的衛(wèi)星，它比水星還大，大氣中約有98%是氮，其余的大部分是甲烷)”可知，Titan是一個月亮不是一顆星星，大小不是和土星一樣大，是土星的衛(wèi)星，大氣主要是甲烷不是氧氣，故選A。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“All the above books are now available and there's a 10% discount if you buy any one of them before October 1st, 2021.( 以上所有的書現(xiàn)在都可以買到了，如果你在2021年10月1日之前購買其中的任何一本，你可以有10%的折扣)”結(jié)合“IngredientsAuthor: George ZaidanPrice:￡15.00”和“InventorsAuthor: Robert Winston
Price:￡20.00”可知，2021年10月1日之前買前兩本書（15+20）*（1-10%）=31.5。故選A。
B
Salome Thomas-El, the headmaster of Thomas Edison Charter School, has spent more than 30 years teaching his students life lessons through the game of chess. 90% of the students at the school live at or below the poverty level. "These children are playing chess and graduating high school and going to some of the top colleges in the nation," Thomas-El said.
As Thomas-El was looking for innovative ways to teach children math early in his career, he turned to a game from his childhood: chess. "I started actually teaching students math on the chessboard where knights move on right angles, bishops move on diagonals (對角線)…I fell in love with the game as a teacher. Through chess, Thomas-El saw that his students were learning more than just math — they developed confidence and self-respect. Thomas-El decided to get more students involved in chess. He provided chess sets and students began playing during breakfast and lunch. He also opened up the school on Saturdays to give students the chance to play chess, learn and get weekend meals.
Soon, Thomas-El was able to form his own chess team of 40 students. Because some tournaments are all-female, he decided to also create an all-girls team. Over his career. Thomas-EI's all-girls teams have taken on men twice their age and come out victorious. One of his teams even went three years undefeated.
Thomas-El said his proudest moments as an educator do not come from watching his students win games, but from watching them succeed in life. Many of the girls he's coached in chess have gone on to attend schools like Cornell and the University of Virginia on scholarships. Some of them became teachers themselves and come back to help their community.
In the future, Thoma-El hopes to expand chess's impact on students as a board member of America's Foundation for Chess, which has launched a new chess program for kids in school called"First Move."
4. Why did Thomas-El introduce chess into his class at first?
A. To make math easier to learn.
B. To make students'life more colorful.
C. To help students acquire a new skill.
D. To help poor students win a scholarship.
5. What do we know about Thomas-EI's all-girls teams?
A. They consisted of 40 students.
B. They have performed well in tournaments.
C. They were an inspiration to men twice their age.
D. They have followed in Thomas-El's featsteps to become teachers.
6. What touches Thomas-El most?
A. His students learn to work hard.
B. His students have won chess games.
C. Chess brings communities together.
D. Chess has changed his students lives.
7. What will Thomas-El do in the future?
A. Launch a TV chess program.
B. Establish the Foundation for Chess.
C. Train more teachers to promote chess.
D. Make chess accessible to more students.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了校長薩洛米·托馬斯-埃爾通過教學生國際象棋，培養(yǎng)了他們的自信和自尊，更改變了孩子們的未來。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“As Thomas-El was looking for innovative ways to teach children math early in his career, he turned to a game from his childhood: chess.(托馬斯-艾爾在職業(yè)生涯早期就在尋找創(chuàng)新的方法來教孩子們數(shù)學，于是他轉(zhuǎn)向了兒時玩的一種游戲：國際象棋)”可知，托馬斯-艾爾一開始要把象棋引入他的課堂是為了讓數(shù)學更容易學。故選A。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thomas-EI's all-girls teams have taken on men twice their age and come out victorious. (托馬斯-艾爾的女隊曾與年齡是她們兩倍的男子較量，并取得了勝利)”可推斷，托馬斯-艾爾的女隊在比賽中表現(xiàn)得很好。故選B。
【6題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thomas-El said his proudest moments as an educator do not come from watching his students win games, but from watching them succeed in life. Many of the girls he's coached in chess have gone on to attend schools like Cornell and the University of Virginia on scholarships. Some of them became teachers themselves and come back to help their community. (托馬斯-艾爾說，作為一名教育工作者，他最自豪的時刻不是看到他的學生贏得比賽，而是看到他們在生活中取得成功。他教過的許多女孩都拿到了康奈爾大學和弗吉尼亞大學的獎學金。她們中的一些人自己成為了老師，回來幫助她們的社區(qū))”可知，托馬斯-艾爾最感動的是象棋改變了他學生的生活。故選D。
【7題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“In the future, Thoma-El hopes to expand chess's impact on students as a board member of America's Foundation for Chess, which has launched a new chess program for kids in school called "First Move." (作為美國國際象棋基金會的董事會成員，托馬-埃爾希望在未來擴大國際象棋對學生的影響。該基金會為學校的孩子們推出了一個名為“第一步”的新國際象棋項目)”可知，托馬斯-艾爾將來會讓更多的學生能夠接觸國際象棋。故選D。
C
One of the first things that Harvard University professor Daniel E.Lieberman points out in his new book Exercised is the double meaning of the word. Not only does it mean voluntary physical activity,but as an adjective,exercised suggests being worried, anxious or tired.And there lies the problem with exercise. Most of us just don't like doing it.
Lieberman pursues a double course in"Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do ls Healthy and Rewarding'". The professor presents an in-depth look at how humans evolved from hunter-gatherers who didn't have to think twice about getting enough exercise, to those of us who have to push ourselves away from our couches and devices. The parts of the book devoted to biology and evolution can be a bit hard to understand, although Lieberman often introduces them nicely with anecdotes.
Throughout his book, Lieberman discusses the origins of exercise, a modern pursuit.In the 1700s, Samuel Johnson didn't consider the words"play"and"exercise"worthy to be included in his dictionary. Although children have always played and sports have been a "human universal,exercise outside the context of sports was extremely rare until relatively recently, Lieberman writes. He also considers various contemporary forms of exercise and their benefits: running (which he does), walking, dancing, weight training, games and even cage fighting. He drops in on a Swedish company in Stockholm whose CEO requires a weekly "sports hour"to be participated in by all employees.
However, Lieberman's primary viewpoint- that exercise is indeed good for you-comes with an important warning.It must be enjoyable.The paradox（矛盾的情況），he writes，"is that our bodies never evolved to function optimally（最佳地）without lifelong physical activity but our minds never evolved to get us moving unless it is necessary, pleasurable or rewarding.
Exercise,he writes should be social."None of us is an island when it comes to health. Our well-being is interconnected. Some is better than none.Keep it up as you age."
8. What can be learned about the book"Exercised"?
A. It distinguishes between*play"and" exercise"
B. It is aimed specifically at couch potatoes.
C. It is a brief account of human evolution.
D. It explains difficult concepts with stories.
9. What can we infer about Samuel Johnson?
A. He was picky about sports. B. He thought little of exercise.
C. He invented the word "exercise." D. He advocated a weekly sports hour.
10. What does Lieberman stress by mentioning the paradox?
A. The importance of making exercise fun.
B. The difficulty of making exercise social.
C. The necessity of exercise for the elderly.
D. The physical and mental benefits of exercise.
11. What is this text?
A. An autobiography. B. A health report.
C. A research paper. D. A book review.
【答案】8 D 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Lieberman的新書Exercised，介紹了書中的不同內(nèi)容。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The parts of the book devoted to biology and evolution can be a bit hard to understand, although Lieberman often introduces them nicely with anecdotes.”（盡管Lieberman經(jīng)常用軼事很好的介紹它們，但書中介紹生物學和進化的部分可能還是有點難懂。）可知，Lieberman經(jīng)常在書中用軼事介紹難懂的部分。故選D項。
【9題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In the 1700s, Samuel Johnson didn't consider the words "play" and "exercise" worthy to be included in his dictionary.”（在十七世紀，Samuel Johnson認為玩耍和鍛煉不值得出現(xiàn)在他的字典里。）可知Samuel Johnson幾乎沒有想過玩耍和鍛煉。故選B項。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“The paradox，he writes，"is that our bodies never evolved to function optimally without lifelong physical activity but our minds never evolved to get us moving unless it is necessary, pleasurable or rewarding.”（他寫到，矛盾的情況是我們的身體從未進化到不用終身活動的最佳功能，但是我們的思想從未進化到讓我們?nèi)ミ\動，除非這是必要的、愉快的或是友誼的。）可知，如果想要讓自己去運動，我們需要讓運動變得有趣，也就是強調(diào)了讓運動變得有趣的重要性。故選A項。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹了Lieberman的這本書以及鍛煉的意思，第二段到第五段介紹了書中的不同內(nèi)容、不同部分，我們可以看出這是一篇對于Lieberman的《鍛煉》這本書的書評。故選D項。
【點睛】閱讀理解題的解題方法，首先，宏觀瀏覽全文，了解文章大意；然后讀懂題干，帶著問題去尋讀；最后，分析句子，得出正確答案。
D
I've worked as a social media influencer for four years and have experienced the many positive aspects of this industry. My travels inspired an American woman to take her first solo(獨自的)trip to the Middle East, which is a valuable experience. But I’ve also seen the more negative aspects, such as the emotional stress that comes from creating content with the goal of getting as many people as possible to double-tap or like our photos.
So when Instagram announced that it is beginning to test removing likes from the platform, my immediate reaction was a positive one.
Similar to the experience of the average Instagram user, viewing likes creates an incredible point of comparison among influencers. It shifts the focus away from providing value to constantly comparing yourself to other creators.The removal of likes pushes influencers to create valuable content and start meaningful conversations with their followers rather than post content only for the purpose of generating likes. It is a shift in a positive direction and an answer to the call for social platforms to take responsibility for the impact their apps have on users' mental health.
If Instagram does away with likes altogether,the way brands will partner with influencers will also likely change. The influencer marketing industry is still fairly new and most brands make quick judgments using only the ratio(比率)of the number of followers to the number of likes without looking at much else. If like counts are no longer visible, brands will need to take a deeper dive into a creators content and into the quality of the conversations they are having with their audience. This is the true test of an influencer's impact and ultimately, of the return on investment a brand can expect. This change will force brands to get smarter.
Instagram's test to explore removing likes reflects a larger cultural call for connection, community and authenticity online. I believe it would be a welcome change that all users could appreciate.
12. What is the example of an American woman used to prove?
A. The advantage of traveling.
B. The emotional stress of getting likes.
C The favorable impact of an influencer.
D. The widespread use of modern technology.
13. What can removing likes lead influencers to do?
A. Switch to other social platforms.
B. Focus on the quality of their content.
C. Compare themselves with average users.
D. Stop communicating with their followers.
14. What does the author think of brands choosing partners based on the number of likes?
A. It's risky. B. It's confusing.
C. It's smart. D. It's inconvenient.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Does removing Instagram likes affect our health?
B. How can influencers get more Instagram likes?
C. Should Instagram get rid of likes for good?
D. Why do Instagram infuencers need likes?
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了Instagram取消“贊”后所帶來的影響，并且作者表達了希望Instagram永遠擺脫“贊”的愿望。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“I've worked as a social media influencer for four years and have experienced the many positive aspects of this industry. My travels inspired an American woman to take her first solo(獨自的)trip to the Middle East, which is a valuable experience.(作為一名有影響力的社交媒體人，我已經(jīng)工作了四年，并經(jīng)歷了這個行業(yè)的許多積極方面。我的旅行啟發(fā)了一位美國女士，讓她第一次獨自去中東旅行，這是一次寶貴的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，作者舉一個美國婦女的例子用來證明有影響力的人的良好影響。故選C。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The removal of likes pushes influencers to create valuable content and start meaningful conversations with their followers rather than post content only for the purpose of generating likes. (刪除“贊”會促使有影響力的人創(chuàng)造有價值的內(nèi)容，并開始與粉絲進行有意義的對話，而不是僅僅為了獲得“贊”而發(fā)布內(nèi)容。)”可知，刪除“贊”會促使有影響力的人更關注內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量。故選B。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The influencer marketing industry is still fairly new and most brands make quick judgments using only the ratio of the number of followers to the number of likes without looking at much else. If like counts are no longer visible, brands will need to take a deeper dive into a creators content and into the quality of the conversations they are having with their audience. This is the true test of an influencer's impact and ultimately, of the return on investment a brand can expect. This change will force brands to get smarter. (影響力營銷行業(yè)仍處于起步階段，大多數(shù)品牌僅根據(jù)粉絲數(shù)量與贊的比例就能快速做出判斷，而無需考慮其他因素。如果用戶數(shù)量不再可見，品牌就需要深入挖掘創(chuàng)作者的內(nèi)容以及他們與用戶之間的對話質(zhì)量。這是對影響者影響力的真正考驗，也是對品牌預期投資回報的真正考驗。這種變化將迫使品牌變得更聰明。)”可推斷，作者認為品牌根據(jù)點贊數(shù)量選擇合作伙伴是有風險的。故選A。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要討論了Instagram取消“贊”后所帶來的影響，并且作者表達了希望Instagram永遠擺脫“贊”的愿望。所以“Should Instagram get rid of likes for good?( Instagram應該永遠擺脫“贊”嗎?)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選C。
第二節(jié)（共5小題 每小題2分，滿分10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Superman，the first American superhero，appeared in 1938 with his cape (斗篷) and an “S” on his chest. Shortly after his appearance in comics, moviemakers began trying to bring superheroes to the big screen. In the early 1940s, they made their first attempts to bring comic books to life.____16____Instead, they were made as 5 to 10 minutes episodes that would play at movie theaters before the main feature. Unlike today’s superhero films, these serials were aimed mainly at children.
This pattern changed in 1978 when Richard Donner made his first Superman film. First of all, it was aimed at an adult audience.____17____Second, the film's special effects were very sophisticated（復雜的）for that time. Finally, the Superman film was a departure from earlier superhero films in that it used talented and famous Hollywood actors. ____18____
Yet another revolution in superhero movies came in the 1990’s and 2000’s, when Computer-Generated Image technology made it possible to recreate even more fantastic landscapes and more monstrous（可怕的）creatures.____19____These films were similar to Donners Superman in that they targeted an adult audience Watchmen (2009), for instance, was released with an R rating, meaning that it was not intended for children under the age of 17.
____20____Their success at the box office continues to attract big-name Hollywood actors and directors and higher production budgets, so lovers of action and adventure should have plenty of reasons to go to the movies for years to come.
A. Richard Donner was born on April 24, 1930 in New York City.
B. Most of these early superhero films were not full-length movies.
C. The film had a complex plot, dealing with themes like love and politics.
D. As superhero movies are popular every year, it is clear this trend is far from over.
E. Many films used such technology to make their characters seem terrifyingly real.
F. Some of those stars were Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder, and Gene Hackman.
G. The character of Superman was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了美國超級英雄“超人”在影視作品中的發(fā)展歷程。關于“超人”的影片過去主要針對孩子們，時長也只有五到十分鐘。特技效果也因科技進步而不斷升級。由于超級英雄影片備受矚目，好萊塢影星一直參演不斷。
【16題詳解】
下文“Instead, they were made as 5 to 10 minutes episodes that would play at movie theaters before the main feature.（相反，他們被制作成5到10分鐘的片段，在電影正片之前在電影院播放。）”，說明上文提及的內(nèi)容與此相反。選項B中“Most of these early superhero films were not full-length movies.（大多數(shù)早期的超級英雄電影都不是全長電影。）”符合文中提及的影片播放長度不一樣的情況。故選B項。
【17題詳解】
上文“First of all, it was aimed at an adult audience.（首先，它的目標受眾是成年人。）”說明設空處的內(nèi)容是對Richard Donner電影革新的內(nèi)容中第一小點提供支持句。選項C中“The film had a complex plot, dealing with themes like love and politics.（這部電影的情節(jié)很復雜，涉及愛情和政治等主題。）”介紹了內(nèi)容和主題升級，符合針對成人目標群體的特征。故選C項。
【18題詳解】
上文“ Finally, the Superman film was a departure from earlier superhero films in that it used talented and famous Hollywood actors. （最后，《超人》電影與之前的超級英雄電影有所不同，它使用了才華橫溢、著名的好萊塢演員。）”可知，Richard Donner電影革新的內(nèi)容中第三小點是關于演員陣容的說明。選項F中“Some of those stars were Christopher Reeve, Margot Kidder, and Gene Hackman.（其中包括克里斯托弗·里夫、瑪戈特·基德和吉恩·哈克曼。）”提及了眾多好萊塢明星，能夠作為支持句來說明演員陣容的改變。故選F項。
【19題詳解】
上文“... when Computer-Generated Image technology made it possible to recreate even more fantastic landscapes and more monstrous creatures.（當時計算機生成圖像技術(shù)使得重現(xiàn)更奇異的風景和更可怕的生物成為可能。）”說明電腦特效讓超級英雄電影的畫面升級。選項E中“Many films used such technology to make their characters seem terrifyingly real.（許多電影使用這種技術(shù)使他們的角色看起來非常真實。）”進一步說明了電腦特效的好處。同時下文“These films ...”指代的是“Many films used such technology”。故須E項。
【20題詳解】
下文“Their success at the box office continues to attract big-name Hollywood actors and directors and higher production budgets, so lovers of action and adventure should have plenty of reasons to go to the movies for years to come.（它們在票房上成功繼續(xù)吸引著好萊塢大牌演員和導演以及更高的制作預算，所以動作和冒險的愛好者在未來幾年應該有足夠的理由去看電影。）”說明超級英雄主題電影票房表現(xiàn)很好，其中their指代superhero movies，選項D中的核心詞與詞一致。同時“it is clear this trend is far from over.（很明顯，這一趨勢遠未結(jié)束。）”符合文中對超級英雄電影的趨勢判斷。故選D項。
第三部分 語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)（共20小題∶每小題 1.5分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項
In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways.____21____ that's just scratching the surface. He's also helped____22____218 washing machines, 19 tractors, 12 bathtubs, 4 pianos and almost 1,000 refrigerators. For Pregracke, removing the____23____has become his life's work called "The Rivers' Garbageman, he lives on a boat with his 12 crew". Together, they____24____community cleanups along rivers across the country.
Pregracke took the dirty job on____25____he realized that no one was doing it. It began as a personal____26____and over the years his enthusiasm has helped it____27____. To date, about 70,000 volunteers have____28____this cause through his nonprofit, Living Lands & Waters, which____29____each community he visits to______30______the manpower needed. ______31______he organizes 70 cleanups a year in 50 communities. The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook and other______32______so people know where and when they can______33______.
Volunteers get a huge sense of ______34______from seeing the garbage piled up at the end of the cleanup. Close to 90% of what they recover is ______35______and the rest gets disposed off (處理) properly. The nonprofit______36______carried out a program to plant 1 million trees along river shorelines to ______37______the natural environment.
Ultimately, Pregracke says, his message is about much more than______38______rivers. He believes his story is proof that anyone can make a______39______." If I had one thing to say, it wouldn't even be about rivers______40______. It would be about finding a cause that's dear to you and taking action.
21. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
22. A. repair B. pull C. display D. buy
23. A. equipment B. groceries C. garbage D. instruments
24. A. research B. organize C. witness D. record
25. A. if B. unless C. because D. until
26. A. effort B. honor C. desire D. problem
27. A. recover B. last C. start D. grown
28. A. recognized B. changed C. advertised D. joined
29. A. depends on B. improves upon C. looks into D. learns about
30. A. monitor B. supply C. reduce D. measure
31. A. By accident B. On the contrary C. On average D. In other words
32. A. platforms B. communities C. clubs D. meetings
33. A. play B. visit C. wait D. volunteer
34. A. belonging B. direction C. accomplishment D. gratitude
35. A. exhibited B. recycled C. buried D. returned
36. A. also B. still C. already D. again
37. A. restore B. respond to C. adapt to D. seek
38. A. exploring B. enjoying C. cleaning D. studying
39. A. promise B. difference C. mistake D. profit
40. A. occasionally B. uncertainly C. frequently D. necessarily
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了查德·普雷格拉克致力于清理河道垃圾，并成立非營利組織，讓更多的志愿者加入到他的工作。
【21題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這只是冰山一角。A. Meanwhile與此同時；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否則；D. However然而。根據(jù)“He's also helped____2____218 washing machines, 19 tractors, 12 bathtubs, 4 pianos and almost 1,000 refrigerators.”可知，前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選D。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他還幫忙打撈出218臺洗衣機、19臺拖拉機、12個浴缸、4架鋼琴和近1000臺冰箱。A. repair修理；B. pull拉；C. display顯示；D. buy買。根據(jù)“In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways.”可知，普雷格拉克幫忙打撈出除輪胎之外的一些物品。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對普雷格拉克來說，清理垃圾已經(jīng)成為他一生的工作，他被稱為“河流的垃圾工”，他和他的12名船員住在船上。A. equipment設備；B. groceries雜貨店；C. garbage垃圾；D. instruments儀器。根據(jù)“The Rivers' Garbageman, he lives on a boat with his 12 crew”可知，普雷格拉克一生致力于清理河流垃圾。故選C。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們一起組織了全國各地沿河社區(qū)清理工作。A. research研究；B. organize組織；C. witness目睹；D. record記錄。根據(jù)“he lives on a boat with his 12 crew”可知，普雷格拉克和12名員工一起組織全國各地沿河的社區(qū)進行清理工作。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：普雷格拉克接受了這項骯臟的工作，因為他意識到?jīng)]有人在做這件事。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. because因為；D. until直到。根據(jù)“Pregracke took the dirty job on”可知，因為普雷格拉克意識到?jīng)]有人清理河道垃圾，所以他從事了這些工作。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它開始是一個人的努力，多年來，他的熱情幫助它成長。A. effort努力；B. honor榮譽；C. desire要求；D. problem問題。根據(jù)“Pregracke took the dirty job on____5____he realized that no one was doing it.”可知，清理河道垃圾剛開始是普雷格拉克一個人在努力。故選A。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它開始是一個人的努力，多年來，他的熱情幫助它成長。A. recover恢復；B. last持續(xù)；C. start開始；D. grown生長。根據(jù)“To date, about 70,000 volunteers have____8____this cause through his nonprofit, Living Lands&Waters,which____9____each community he visits to____10____the manpower needed.”可知，普雷格拉克的熱情幫助了它成長，使得越來越多的志愿者加入這項事業(yè)。故選D。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：迄今為止，約有7萬名志愿者通過他的非營利組織“生活土地和水域”加入了這項事業(yè)，該組織依賴他訪問的每個社區(qū)提供所需的人力。A. recognized認出；B. changed改變；C. advertised做廣告；D. joined加入。根據(jù)“through his nonprofit, Living Lands & Waters,”可知，越來越多的志愿者加入清理河道垃圾這項事業(yè)。故選D。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：迄今為止，約有7萬名志愿者通過他的非營利組織“生活土地和水域”加入了這項事業(yè)，該組織依賴他訪問的每個社區(qū)提供所需的人力。A. depends on依靠；B. improves upon改進；C. looks into調(diào)查；D. learns about了解。根據(jù)“each community he visits to____10____the manpower needed.”可知，非營利組織“生活土地和水域” 依賴普雷格拉克訪問的每個社區(qū)提供所需的人力。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：迄今為止，約有7萬名志愿者通過他的非營利組織“生活土地和水域”加入了這項事業(yè)，該組織依賴他訪問的每個社區(qū)提供所需的人力。A. monitor監(jiān)控；B. supply提供；C. reduce減少；D. measure衡量。根據(jù)“the manpower needed.”可知，清理河道垃圾需要每個社區(qū)提供人力。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：他平均每年在50個社區(qū)組織70次清潔活動。A. By accident碰巧；B. On the contrary正相反；C. On average平均；D. In other words換句話說。根據(jù)“he organizes 70 cleanups a year in 50 communities.”可知，普雷格拉克平均每年在50個社區(qū)組織70次清潔活動。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：清理工作被發(fā)布在該非營利組織的網(wǎng)站、Facebook和其他平臺上，以便人們知道何時何地可以做志愿者。A. platforms平臺；B. communities社區(qū)；C. clubs俱樂部；D. meetings會議。根據(jù)“The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook”可知，這里指除了非營利組織的網(wǎng)站、Facebook之外的其他平臺。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：清理工作被發(fā)布在該非營利組織的網(wǎng)站、Facebook和其他平臺上，以便人們知道何時何地可以做志愿者。A. play玩；B. visit參觀；C. wait等待；D. volunteer自愿做。根據(jù)“about 70,000 volunteers have____8____this cause through his nonprofit,”和“The cleanups are posted on the nonprofit's website, Facebook and other____12____”可知，清理工作被發(fā)布是讓人們知道何時何地可以做志愿活動。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：志愿者們會從看到清理結(jié)束后堆積的垃圾中獲得巨大的成就感。A. belonging行李；B. direction方向；C. accomplishment成就；D. gratitude感激。根據(jù)“from seeing the garbage piled up at the end of the cleanup.”可知，志愿者做完清理工作后會有成就感。故選C。
【35題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：近90%的回收物被回收，其余的被妥善處理。 A. exhibited陳列；B. recycled回收；C. buried埋葬；D. returned返回。根據(jù)“and the rest gets disposed off (處理) properly.”可知，大多數(shù)回收物會被回收。故選B。
【36題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：該非營利組織還開展了一項計劃，在河流沿岸種植100萬棵樹，以恢復自然環(huán)境。A. also也，還；B. still仍然；C. already已經(jīng)；D. again再次。根據(jù)“carried out a program to plant 1 million trees along river shorelines to ____17____the natural environment.”可知，該非營利組織除了清理河道垃圾之外，還開展了一項植樹計劃。故選A。
【37題詳解】
考查動詞及短語詞義辨析。句意：該非營利組織還開展了一項計劃，在河流沿岸種植100萬棵樹，以恢復自然環(huán)境。A. restore恢復；B. respond to對……起反應；C. adapt to適應；D. seek尋找。根據(jù)“plant 1 million trees along river shorelines”可知，植樹的目的是恢復自然環(huán)境。故選A。
【38題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，普雷格拉克說，他要傳達的信息遠遠不止是清理河流。A. exploring探索；B. enjoying喜歡；C. cleaning清潔；D. studying學習。根據(jù)“In the past 15 years, Chad Pregracke has helped pull more than 67,000 tires from the Misssppi river and other waterways”可知，雖然普雷格拉克做的是清理河流的工作，但他要傳達的信息遠遠不止于此。故選C。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他相信他的故事證明了每個人都可以改變世界。A. promise許諾；B. difference不同；C. mistake錯誤；D. profit利益。make a difference有影響，有區(qū)別。這里指普雷格拉克相信每個人都可以改變世界。故選B。
【40題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果要我說什么的話，不一定是關于河流的。A. occasionally偶爾地；B. uncertainly 懷疑地；C. frequently經(jīng)常地；D. necessarily必定地。根據(jù)“Ultimately, Pregracke says, his message is about much more than____18____rivers.”和“It would be about finding a cause that's dear to you and taking action.”可知，普雷格拉克認為我們所做的不一定都是關于河流的，但我們只有采取行動，都會改變世界。故選D。
第二節(jié)（共10小題 每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料。在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)的正確形式
How do museums that used to be"temples"get ____41____ (attract) and powerful？Chinese museum have been dealing with this problem in hopes of appealing to younger audiences.
They choose animals that are connected with the place and have stories ____42____ (tell). In Beijing’s Palace Museum, around 200 “civil servant” eats have lived there ____43____ generations and protected this world's largest wooden architecture complex from rats. The museum once revealed that receiving cat food from fans has become ____44____ daily worry.
Another approach is the use of stickers (表情包)，____45____ are the new language of China’s youth who may use them to express ____46____ (they) in the wildest way online. ____47____ (compare) with emojis (表情符號），tickers are much more diverse and personalized. Museums can use this language ____48____ (smart) to attract young people.
Chinese museums are also going into social media. 2018 International Museum Day saw the success of a video that featured a various cast of famous relics ____49____ (dance) to killer beats on a video-sharing app. After"Sleeping"for thousands of years, they came alive overnight. The museum also witnessed a sharp increase of ______50______ (visitor), as they stepped inside the museum to see the real relics.
【答案】41. attractive
42. to tell
43. for 44. a
45. which 46. themselves
47. compared
48. smartly
49. dancing
50. visitors
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京故宮博物院為了吸引年輕觀眾所采取的措施。
【41題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：曾經(jīng)是“寺廟”的博物館是如何變得有吸引力和強大的?系動詞get后接形容詞形式。故填attractive。
【42題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們選擇與這個地方有聯(lián)系的動物，并且有故事可以講。have sth.to do有某事要做。填to tell。
【43題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：在北京故宮博物院，大約200名“公務員”世代居住在這里，保護了這個世界上最大的木制建筑群不受老鼠的侵擾。for generations一連好幾代。故填for。
【44題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：故宮博物院曾透露，從粉絲那里收到貓糧已經(jīng)成為了每天的煩惱。名詞worry作為“令人擔憂的事”是可數(shù)名詞，泛指，且形容詞daily發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
【45題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：另一種方式是使用表情包，這是中國年輕人的新語言，他們可能會用表情包在網(wǎng)上以最狂野的方式表達自己的思想。句中先行詞為stickers，在非限定性定語從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
【46題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：另一種方式是使用表情包，這是中國年輕人的新語言，他們可能會用表情包在網(wǎng)上以最狂野的方式表達自己的思想。express oneself表達自己的思想。根據(jù)China’s youth可知，用第三人稱復數(shù)形式。故填themselves。
【47題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：與表情符號相比，表情包更加多樣化和個性化。邏輯主語stickers與compare之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。故填compared。
【48題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：博物館可以巧妙地使用這種語言來吸引年輕人。修飾動詞use，用副詞形式。故填smartly。
【49題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：2018年國際博物館日，一款視頻分享應用程序上的視頻大獲成功，展示了不同陣容的著名文物隨著重節(jié)拍跳舞。名詞relics與dance之間為主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填dancing。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：博物館也見證了急劇增加的游客，因為他們走進博物館看到真正的文物。名詞visitor為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)后句中的they可知，用復數(shù)形式。故填visitors。
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共10小題 每小題1分，滿分10分）
51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加∶在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A），并在其下面寫出的加的詞。
刪除∶把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改∶在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意∶1.每處錯誤及其修改均限一詞∶
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。
When it comes to learn English as a second language, there are various ways to improve one's English. As far as I'm concerned, I preferred to learn English through songs. I'm the music lover and believe that combining my interest with learning will be the best way to improve my English. I look forward to learning many interesting songs in classes. I particularly like songs that are pleased and easily remember. These tunes make easier to remember new words and expressions, especially when you can't stop hearing of them. Therefore, song lyrics often use phrases that aren't necessarily standard. These may need an explanation from our teacher. All in all, learning English with songs are sure to be fun and effective.
【答案】1.learn → learning
2.preferred → prefer
3. the → a
4. classes → class
5. pleased →pleasing
6. remember → remembered
7. make后加it
8. 去掉of
9.Therefore → However
10.are → is
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者用英語歌曲學習英語的方法。
【詳解】第一處：考查非謂語動詞。句意：說到把英語作為第二語言來學習，有很多方法可以提高英語水平。when it comes to當涉及到； 當談到，to是介詞，后接動名詞形式。故將learn改為learning。
第二處：考查時態(tài)。句意：就我而言，我更喜歡通過歌曲來學習英語。根據(jù)文章時態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故將preferred改為prefer。
第三處：考查冠詞。句意：我是一個音樂愛好者，我相信把我的興趣和學習結(jié)合起來是提高我英語水平的最好方法。名詞music lover為泛指，所以用不定冠詞a。故將the改為 a。
第四處：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：我期待在課堂上學習許多有趣的歌曲。in class上課，在課堂上。故將classes改為class。
第五處：考查形容詞。句意：我特別喜歡令人愉快且容易記住的歌曲。修飾物，一般用-ing形式形容詞。pleasing表示“令人愉快的”故將pleased改為pleasing。
第六處：考查語態(tài)。句意：我特別喜歡令人愉快且容易記住的歌曲。songs與remember之間為被動關系，用被動語態(tài)，所以動詞的過去分詞形式。故將remember 改為remembered。
第七處：考查代詞。句意：這些曲調(diào)讓你更容易記住新單詞和短語，尤其是當你不停地聽它們的時候。句中用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為不定式to remember new words and expressions。故在make后加it。
第八處：考查動詞用法。句意：這些曲調(diào)讓你更容易記住新單詞和短語，尤其是當你不停地聽它們的時候。hear強調(diào)聽的結(jié)果；hear of強調(diào)聽說過。故去掉of。
第九處：考查副詞。句意：然而，歌詞中經(jīng)常使用的短語并不一定是標準的。前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以用副詞however。故將Therefore改為However。
第十處：考查主謂一致。句意：總而言之，用歌曲學習英語肯定是有趣和有效的。動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故將are改為is。
第二節(jié)∶書面表達（滿分25分）
52. 假如你是李華，你的外國好友Peter當選為學校志愿者協(xié)會的會長（Volunteers Association）。請你寫封信對他表示祝賀。
要點如下：1.表示祝賀；2.分析原因；3.其他。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右
2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m very glad to convey my sincere congratulations on your being elected as chairman of Volunteers Association of your school.
Through your e-mail and our online talks, I know quite well that you’re a person not only good at studies but also eager to help others. What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer. I am sure that to be the head of your Volunteers Association will prove and improve your overall ability.
Please accept my sincerest congratulations and wish you a big success in your new post.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達屬于應用文，要求考生給外國好友Peter寫封信，祝賀他當選為學校志愿者協(xié)會的會長。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
高興的：glad →happy
此外：What's more →moreover
擅長于：be good at →do well in
肯定的：sure →certain
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer.
拓展句：What's more, you have shown your ability that can be a good organizer.
【點睛】[高分句型1] Through your e-mail and our online talks, I know quite well that you’re a person not only good at studies but also eager to help others. (運用了that引導的賓語從句)
[高分句型2] What's more, you have shown your ability to be a good organizer. (運用了不定式作定語)

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