魯教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第五單元學(xué)案-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?Unit 5 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

1. 牢記重點(diǎn)單詞、詞組用法，學(xué)以致用；
2. 掌握形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則；
3. 牢記形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法。

平方；正方形（名詞）

旅行者（名詞）

米；公尺（名詞）

令人大為驚奇的（形容詞）

深的（形容詞）

古老的（形容詞）

沙漠（名詞）

保護(hù)（動(dòng)詞）

人口；人口數(shù)量（名詞）

寬的（形容詞）

亞洲（名詞）

就我所知（短語(yǔ)）

隨便做某事（短語(yǔ)）

人造的（形容詞）

旅行（名詞、動(dòng)詞）

成就（名詞）

西南的（形容詞）

面對(duì)（問(wèn)題、困難等）短語(yǔ)

厚的；濃的（形容詞）

達(dá)成；完成；成功（動(dòng)詞）

包括；包含（動(dòng)詞）

力量（名詞）

極冷的（形容詞）

自然界（名詞）

條件；狀況（名詞）

即使；雖然（短語(yǔ)）

吸入（短語(yǔ)）

大海；海洋（名詞）

成功（動(dòng)詞）

太平洋（專有名詞）

挑戰(zhàn)；考驗(yàn)（名、動(dòng)詞）

稱...的重量（動(dòng)詞）

出生時(shí)（短語(yǔ)）

醒著（形容詞）

到達(dá)；不多于（短語(yǔ)）

激動(dòng)；興奮（名詞）

成人；成年的（名、形容詞）

走路時(shí)撞著（短語(yǔ)）

竹子（名詞）

絆倒（短語(yǔ)）

瀕危的（形容詞）

大約（短語(yǔ)）

研究；調(diào)查（名、動(dòng)詞）

疾病（名詞）

飼養(yǎng)員；保管人（名詞）

野生的（形容詞）

政府；內(nèi)閣（名詞）

食用油；石油（名詞）

保護(hù)（名詞）

巨大的；極多的（形容詞）

（1） deep----___________（n.深度）wide----_____________（n.寬度）
（2） population----______________（adj.受歡迎的）
（3） Asia----____________（adj.亞洲（人）的）
（4） thick----____________（反義詞：薄的）
（5） succeed----______________（n.成功）_______________（adj.成功的）
（6） amazing----________________（adj.吃驚的）
（7） weigh----_________________（n.重量）
（8） awake----____________（adj.睡著的）______________（adj.困倦的）
（9） excite----____________（n.激動(dòng)；興奮）_________/__________（adj.激動(dòng)的/令人激動(dòng)的）
（10） endangered----______________（處于危險(xiǎn)中）____________（adj.危險(xiǎn)的）
（11） protect----________________（n.保護(hù)）
（12） illness----_________（adj.生病的）___________（adj.惡心的；生病的）
（13） achieve----______________（n.成就）

一、形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)
1. 比較級(jí)主要用于兩者之間的比較，最高級(jí)主要用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較。
2. 比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成
（1）單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞通常加后綴-er和-est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
①tall---_________---__________
②fine---_________---__________
③dry---_________---__________
④big---_________---__________
（2）多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞通常在其前面加more 和most 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
①difficult---__________________---__________________
②quickly---__________________---__________________
（3）形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化
①good/well---________________---_______________
②bad/badly/ill---_______________---_______________
③much/many---________________---________________
④little---_______________---________________
⑤far---____________ /_____________---_____________ /_____________
3. 比較級(jí)的用法
（1）表示兩者之間的比較時(shí)，常用連詞than連接 Sam is taller than Tom.
（2）比較級(jí)可以由much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far（三多兩少一甚至）等表示程度的詞語(yǔ)修飾，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
You look a little thinner than last year.
（3）表示“大幾歲”“長(zhǎng)幾米”之類的比較時(shí)，用“數(shù)量詞+比較級(jí)+than”
I am two years older than my brother.
（4）比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí) 表示越來(lái)越...
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
（5）the + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí) 表示越...就越...
The more vegetables you eat, the healthier you will be.
（6）the + 比較級(jí) + of the two 表示兩者中比較...的
The blue sweater is the cheaper of the two.
（7）比較級(jí) + than any other + 單數(shù)名詞表示比任何其他的...都...
Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
（8）比較級(jí)可以用于選擇疑問(wèn)句中 Which/Who + 比較級(jí), A or B?
Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
4. 最高級(jí)的用法
（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要加the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加the
Jim is the shortest boy of us. Tom speaks loudest in his class.
（2）最高級(jí)的句子中，一般會(huì)有一個(gè)比較范圍，常用of, in, among
He is the cleverest among them.
（3）當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代詞，指示代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)，不用the
Miss Hu is our best teacher.
（4）one of the + 形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 表示最...之一
He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
（5）the + 序數(shù)詞 + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 單數(shù)名詞+in 表示第...最...
The Yellow River is the second longest river in the world.
（6）最高級(jí)可用于選擇疑問(wèn)句 Which/Who + 最高級(jí)，A，B or C？
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
（7）the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞=比較級(jí) + than any other + 單數(shù)名詞
Li is the best boy in our class.= __________________________________.
注：China is larger than any country in Africa.（不屬于同一范圍）
China is larger than any other country in Asia. （屬于同一范圍）
【練習(xí)】
1. Meimei thinks math is ______than Chinese.
A. easy B. easier C. the easiest D. very easy
2. —The scarves are all beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose.
—Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. less beautiful
3. Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of ________ persons in the world.
A. rich B. richer C. richest D. the richest
4. —You shouldn’t eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
—You are right. ______ junk food I eat, _______ I will be.
A. The less; the healthier B. The less; the healthy
C. The more; the healthier D. The more; the healthy
5. —Is Tina ________ than Tara? —Yes, but Tara is ________ in her class.
A. taller; the heaviest B. tall; heavy C. taller; heavier D. the tallest; the heaviest

Section A
1. China has the biggest population in the world.
【解析】population 集合名詞人口，人口數(shù)量
（1） population 單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
（2）當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + the population”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)形式
（3）表示人口的“多”或“少”時(shí)，要用large/big 或 small
（4）詢問(wèn)某國(guó)、某地有多少人口是用 How large is the population of ...?/ What’s the population of ...?
【練習(xí)】填空
（1） How ______ is the ____________ of your hometown?
（2） ______ is the population of Canada?
（3） The world’s population ______ (be) increasing faster and faster.
（4） About seventy percent of the population in the country_______ (be) farmers.
（5）印度有很多的人口。 India has a ______ population.
（6）新加坡有很少的人口。 Singapore has a small population.
2. It’s much older than my country.
【解析】much 副詞修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)，表示程度
比較級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ)：多（much/ a lot）少（a little/ a bit）甚至（even/ still）
【練習(xí)】選擇
Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates.
A. so B. very C. too D. much
3. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
【解析】as...as 和...一樣... 中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)
其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為not as...as...
【練習(xí)】漢譯英
（1）這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。
________________________________________________
（2）你的書包不如我的貴。
________________________________________________
3. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard.
【解析】
（1） cover 及物動(dòng)詞遮蓋，覆蓋；作為名詞譯為蓋子，封面
cover...with... 用...覆蓋 be covered with 被...覆蓋
（2） hard 副詞沉重的，大量地 = heavily
【練習(xí)】填空
（1）她用一塊布把食物蓋起來(lái)。
She covered the food ______ a ______ of cloth.
（2）正在下大雨。
It's ______ ______.
4. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
【解析】take in 吸入
【擴(kuò)展】take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)歸納
take sb's place 代替某人的位置 take care of=look after 關(guān)心，照顧，保管
take an interest in=be interested in 對(duì)...感興趣 take（a）pride in=be proud of 對(duì)...感到驕傲
take off 脫掉，起飛，減掉 take （an active）part in （積極）參加
take after（外貌或行為）像/look like（單指外貌）像 take place 發(fā)生（有計(jì)劃地發(fā)生）
take a break 休息 take notes 做筆記 take up 學(xué)著做，開始做 take risks 冒險(xiǎn)
take sb's temperature 量體溫 take away 帶走 take action（to do）采取行動(dòng)
【練習(xí)】填空
（1）去成都的飛機(jī)剛剛起飛了。
The plane to Chengdu ______ ______ just now.
（2）他在18歲的時(shí)候開始了他關(guān)于拍照的愛好。
He ______ ______ his hobby about ______ ______ ______the age of 18.
（3）這對(duì)父母對(duì)他們的兒子感到驕傲。
The parents ______ ______ in their son.
（4）政府已經(jīng)采取措施來(lái)防止新冠病毒的蔓延。
The government has ______ ______ ______ prevent the COVID-19 from spreading.
5. The first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
【解析】
（1） the first ... to do ... “第一個(gè)做...的...”
序數(shù)詞前要加the/ 形容詞性物主代詞/ 名詞所有格
（2） succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 succeed with sth. 在某方面獲得成功
succeed 名詞____________ 形容詞______________ 副詞_____________
【練習(xí)】填空
（1）這是Tom第一次完成作業(yè)。
This is______ first time for Tom ______ ______ the homework.
（2） Lucy將能成功通過(guò)考試因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)努力的女孩。
Lucy will succeed in ______ the exam because she is a ___________ girl.
6. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
【解析】
（1） one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，譯為“....之一”，one of 短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
（2） in the face of 譯為“面對(duì)”，后面加問(wèn)題和具體的事物。
【練習(xí)】
（1）填空
面對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)我們應(yīng)該勇敢。
We are ______ to be ______ ______ the face of this challenge.
（2）漢譯英
他是我最好的朋友之一。
________________________________________________
Section B
1. An adult panda weighs many times more than a baby panda.
【解析】倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法
once 一倍（除此以外once還有“一次”“曾經(jīng)”的含義）
twice 兩倍（兩次） three times 三倍（三次）
注：兩倍就是twice，沒(méi)有two times 這種表達(dá)。
（1） A + be/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 + 倍數(shù) + 形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí) + than + B
（2） A + be/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 + 倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞或副詞的原級(jí) + as + B
（3）倍數(shù) + more + 名詞 + than + 被比較的對(duì)象
【練習(xí)】填空
（1）這個(gè)大廳是我們教室的五倍大。
The hall _______ _______ _______ bigger _______ our classroom.
（2）亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
Asia is ______ ______ as ___________（large）as Europe.
（3）我們圖書館有比你們圖書館多五倍的書。
There are five times ______ books in our library ______ in ______.
2. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.
【解析】prepare sth for sb = prepare sb sth 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物
【練習(xí)】填空
他為我們準(zhǔn)備了可口的晚餐。
He prepared ______ a nice ______. = ______________________________
3. They run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over.
【解析】
with excitement 方式狀語(yǔ) = excitedly
walk into 走路時(shí)撞著.../ 走進(jìn)...里
fall over 絆倒 fall down跌倒 fall into陷入 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with 愛上
【練習(xí)】填空
（1）他興奮地聲音發(fā)抖。
His voice trembled ______ ___________.
（2）我發(fā)現(xiàn)這是入睡的好方法。
I found it's a good way ______ ______ ______.
（3）在你成功前，你會(huì)跌倒很多次。
You have to ______ ______ many______ before you will succeed.

4. Pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.
【解析】
so...that 如此...以至于
a/ the symbol of ... ....的象征
【練習(xí)】
（1）漢譯英
這個(gè)故事如此有趣以至于我想再讀一遍。______________________________________________________
（2）填空
鴿子是和平的象征。
The dove is ______ ______ ______ peace.
5. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.
【解析】因病而死 die from = die of
die from + 突發(fā)性外因 die of + 饑餓，勞累等內(nèi)因
【練習(xí)】漢譯英
他的父親死于饑餓。
____________________________________
6. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
【解析】spend + 時(shí)間或金錢 + （in）doing sth. 花費(fèi)...來(lái)做某事
spend... on sth. 花費(fèi)...在某事上
【練習(xí)】填空
我在解決第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候花費(fèi)了大多數(shù)時(shí)間。
I spent most time ______ _________ the first question.

綜合填空（有兩個(gè)多余選項(xiàng)）
forget, bring, mend, beside, luck, pick, same, differently, I, every, stop, each
Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________?him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. they were?2 ________ there.
One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________? to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing??4 _______ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown? 5 ________? up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was?6 ________?by the man. He said angrily, “that’s??7________??!” Mr. Brown’s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at??8 ________? of them, he said, “you’ve mended them very well.”
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The??9 ________? man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr brown and his six umbrellas, “you’ve had a? 10 ________ day,” he said.

任務(wù)型閱讀
??? A man has a cat. ①他非常喜歡她。At?mealtime(就餐時(shí)間) the cat sits at the table with him. The man eats ②????? ?a knife and a fork, but the cat eats from her plate. Sometimes, when she ③
/f?n??iz/????? ?her dish, her master will give her a little his food. He?shares(分享) his meal with her. ④?One day, the cat is not at the table at mealtime.
??? “Ah! Where is my cat?” asks the man. His wife says, “Can't you eat without her?” So the meal begins without the cat. Before lunch is over, the cat rushes into the room and jumps into the chair ⑤ /kw?kli/??? ??. She has two mice in her mouth, and before anyone can stop her, she?drops(扔下) one ⑥???? ??her own plate, and the other into her master's plate.
??? “Dear me!” cries the woman, “A mouse is in your plate!”
“Hush(安靜)!”says her husband. “This shows that she is a nice cat. She knows what friendship is. She hopes I share her dinner as I often share mine with her.”
1. 在文中的②處和⑥處分別填入一個(gè)合適的詞，使句子通順連貫。
②___________? ⑥?____________
2. 根據(jù)音標(biāo)提示，在③處和⑤處分別填入一個(gè)合適的詞。
③?___________ ?⑤?____________
3. 將①句譯成英語(yǔ)。
___________________________________________________________

4. 將④句譯成漢語(yǔ)。
___________________________________________________________
5. Does the woman like the cat?
___________________________________________________________

請(qǐng)大家反思總結(jié)本單元所學(xué)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

一、詞匯填空
1. Every year thousands of t__________ come to visit my hometown.
2. The Great Wall is an a__________ man-made object.
3. Many animals are in danger. We should do something to p________ them.
4. Work hard and you can a________ your dream.
5. It’s midnight, but I am not asleep. I am still a________.
6. Many people will go to the concert, ____________(include) teachers, students and parents.
7. No one can ____________(success) without any hard work.
8. She returned home with the ____________(remain) 10 dollars.
9. Tom spent two days _____________(read) the book.

二、單選題
1. _______ is the population of the city?
A. What B. How many C. How much D. How big
2. The?? ????book has so many pages. I can't finish reading it in a week.
A. wide B. deep C. difficult D. thick
3. Work hard and I am sure you can succeed????? ?the report by six clock.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. to finishing
4. --- Do his pets ______ the cat? --- Yes. He has three pet cats _______ this one.
A. include; include B. include; including C. including; including D. including; include
5. For most people, it’s very difficult to _______ air on the top of Qomolangma.
A.take out?? B.take off?? C.take up??? D. take in
6. —Do you know the?________?of the stone? —Yes. It?________?about 200 kilos.
A. weight；weighs B. weights；weighs C. weigh；weighs D. weigh；weights
7. The students shouted with ________when they heard the ________news .
A. excited; exciting B. excitement; excited C. excitement; exciting D. exciting; exciting
8. There will be ___jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people
A. many B. more C. fewer D. fewest
9. The weather is becoming?????????.
A. hotter and?hotter B. more hat and hot C. hoter and hoter D. more and more hot

三、完形填空
The elephants are the largest animals on the land. They are in?? 1???now. Lots of people are destroying (破壞) he place where they?? 2??. Most of the places where they live have become farms and houses, they can't get enough place to live in?? 3???enough food to eat. Sometimes there are?? 4???elephants in an area and the government kills them. The elephants have long tusks (長(zhǎng)牙). Their tusks are worth (值) a lot of money. People are killing them?? 5???tusks. People can use the tusks for piano keys and?? 6???beautiful things. So there are?? 7???elephants in the world.???
People in Canada can make a difference. They can go to the place where elephants live and stop people from killing the elephants. When people find out the products (產(chǎn)品) made from elephant's tusks they might stop?? 8???the products. Then people might stop killing elephants.
It's our duty?? 9???the elephants. We have to really stop killing elephants, too. There are?? 10???than 3,000 African elephants and 2,000 Asian elephants in the world.
(? ) 1.
A. danger
B. excitement
?
C. safe
D. interest
(? ) 2.
A. eat
B. live
?
C. rest
D. birth
(? ) 3.
A. but
B. so
?
C. or
D. and
(? ) 4.
A. too much
B. a little
?
C. too many
D. much more
(? ) 5.
A. with
B. for
?
C. to
D. at
(? ) 6.
A. other
B. others
?
C. the other
D. another
(? ) 7.
A. less and less
B. more and more
?
C. fewer and fewer
D. little and little
(? ) 8.
A. making
B. taking
?
C. giving
D. buying
(? ) 9.
A. to keep
B. to teach
?
C. to use
D. to protect
(? ) 10.
A. more
B. less
?
C. fewer
D. much

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