【期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】（人教版2019）2023-2024學(xué)年高一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ) 必修1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納試卷.zip-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?Unit 5　Languages Around the World

Unit5
話題
語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)
詞匯
billion ，native ，attitude ，system ，despite，factor ，means，classic ，regard
，character ，calligraphy ，affair ，struggle ，subway ，apartment ，gap ，vocabulary
短語(yǔ)
refer to,ups and downs,date back (to...),no matter where，who，what，etc.
,point of view,relate to
句型
1.It was a time when...這/那是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期
2.“be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
3.No matter how/what/when...，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
4.“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”表示“越……，就越……”
5.have sb do sth讓某人做某事
語(yǔ)法
限制性定語(yǔ)從句(2)
寫作
有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題的博客

考點(diǎn)1. native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
[教材原句]　Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.
聽(tīng)一個(gè)演講，在母語(yǔ)使用人數(shù)最多的兩種語(yǔ)言前打鉤。
【拓展】
be native to...　　　原產(chǎn)于……
a native of... ……本地人；原產(chǎn)于……的動(dòng)物或植物
【寫作佳句】
The athlete speaks English well，for English is his native language.那個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是他的母語(yǔ)。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The researcher says the tiger is native India.
②Is her uncle a native Shanghai, or just a visitor?
【答案】1.to 2.of
考點(diǎn)2. attitude n．態(tài)度；看法
[教材原句]　What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?
說(shuō)話者對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度是什么？
【拓展】
have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards...對(duì)……持/采取……的態(tài)度
【寫作佳句】
We each should develop a positive attitude to life.我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)積極的人生態(tài)度。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It was your bad attitude your life that made your parents angry.
【答案】1.towards/to
考點(diǎn)3. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查閱
[教材原句]　Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.
代詞(it, they, she等)指的是前面提到的人或事。
【拓展】
(1)refer...to...　把……提交給……；讓(人)參考……
refer to...as... 把……稱作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；參考，參考書目；指稱關(guān)系
【寫作佳句】
He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn’t refer to his notebook while delivering his speech.他已經(jīng)為他的演講做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，所以他在演講時(shí)沒(méi)有看筆記本。
【經(jīng)典練】語(yǔ)境辨義/單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Since the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again.
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.
③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you.
④They always refer to the shy teenager a book worm.
⑤Here is a brochure for your (refer) when you answer the phones.
【答案】1.提到2.查閱3.指的是4.as 5.reference
[名師點(diǎn)津]　“查字典”的常用短語(yǔ)小結(jié)：
①look up...in the dictionary
②refer to the dictionary
考點(diǎn)4. based adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句]　At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture－based language.漢字在最初是一種基于圖形的語(yǔ)言。
【拓展】
(1)base vt.　以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n. 底部；根據(jù)
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上
be based on/upon... 以……為基礎(chǔ)
(2)basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的；基本的
【寫作佳句】
One should always base his opinion on facts.一個(gè)人應(yīng)該始終以事實(shí)為依據(jù)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The film is very popular because it is based a real person.
②They have to have a (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
【答案】1.on/upon2.basic
【教考銜接】
1.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
2.隊(duì)員們需要每天放學(xué)之后接受訓(xùn)練，并且定期被提供機(jī)會(huì)去觀摩乒乓球賽。(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ，應(yīng)用文之邀請(qǐng)信)
Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis.
考點(diǎn)5. variety n．(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化
[教材原句]　Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
在隨后的年代里，這一體系發(fā)展成了不同的形式，這是由于當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)人居住地域的分隔，從而導(dǎo)致不同的方言和漢字變體的產(chǎn)生。
【拓展】
a variety of/varieties of　各種各樣的
various adj. 各種各樣的；不同的
【寫作佳句】
As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it.
因?yàn)槲覀儗W(xué)校新體育館配備了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)施，因此我們可以在體育館里舉辦各種各樣的活動(dòng)。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There are (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
【答案】1.varieties 2.various
[名師點(diǎn)津]　a variety of (varieties of)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，該短語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
考點(diǎn)6. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修；專門研究 n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生
[教材原句]　Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇統(tǒng)一七個(gè)諸侯國(guó)后，在這個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家里，漢字開(kāi)始朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。
【拓展】
major in　主修……
majority n. 大部分；大多數(shù)
the majority of 大多數(shù)……
【寫作佳句】
As far as I know，Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.據(jù)我所知，瑪麗正在斯坦福大學(xué)專攻法語(yǔ)。
【經(jīng)典練】語(yǔ)境辨義
①I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
②Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.
③The volunteer was a native of Beijing and majored in history at college.
④Her major is French while mine is engineering.
【答案】1.大的2.重要的3.主修4.主修課程
【教考銜接】
1.However，the majority(major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)
2.有些人中途放棄了，但是大部分參賽者都成功跑到了終點(diǎn)。(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ，寫作)
Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.
考點(diǎn)7. means n．方法；方式；途徑
[教材原句]
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.漢字也成為連接中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的一個(gè)重要媒介。
【拓展】
by this means　　　通過(guò)這種方法
by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means 絕不；無(wú)論如何也不；一點(diǎn)都不 (置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝)
【寫作佳句】
By no means will I give in to the challenge.我絕不向挑戰(zhàn)低頭。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Only this means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.
②Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
【答案】1.by 2.has
[名師點(diǎn)津]　means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
考點(diǎn)8. regard n．尊重；關(guān)注；問(wèn)候；致意 vt.把……視為；看待
[教材原句]The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中國(guó)人對(duì)其書寫體系推崇備至，這體現(xiàn)在漢字發(fā)展為一種藝術(shù)形式——書法。書法已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。
【拓展】

【寫作佳句】
I know you show great interest in ping－pong, which is regarded as the National Ball of China.
我知道你對(duì)乒乓球很感興趣，它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的國(guó)球。
【經(jīng)典練】語(yǔ)境辨義
①M(fèi)ike had high regard for his old law professor.
②Please give my best regards to your parents.
③Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring people in the world.
④The teenager has no regard for other people’s feelings.
【答案】1.尊重2.致意3.把……視為4.關(guān)注
考點(diǎn)9. appreciate vt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì) vi.增值
[教材原句]　As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)際學(xué)生開(kāi)始通過(guò)漢語(yǔ)這一奇妙的語(yǔ)言了解和欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。
【拓展】
(1)appreciate doing sth　　喜歡/感激做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我將不勝感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣賞；感激
【寫作佳句】
Chinese calligraphy has been appreciated by a lot of people outside China.中國(guó)書法已經(jīng)被許多國(guó)外人士欣賞。
【經(jīng)典練】語(yǔ)境辨義/單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)any people can’t fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.
②I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③His talents aren’t appreciated by his boss，which made him annoyed.
④Their investments have appreciated over the years.
【答案】1.重視2.感激3.欣賞4.增值
考點(diǎn)10. date back to(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接時(shí)間點(diǎn))
[教材原句]　It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到數(shù)千年前使用龍骨的時(shí)期……
【拓展】

【寫作佳句】
As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.據(jù)我所知，這個(gè)古老的城鎮(zhèn)可追溯到初唐時(shí)期。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple (date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
②The skills of cooking in China can date thousands of years.
【答案】1.dating2.back
[名師點(diǎn)津]　date back to和date from一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
考點(diǎn)11. struggle n．&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗
[教材原句]When I started studying German，it was a struggle.當(dāng)我開(kāi)始學(xué)德語(yǔ)時(shí)，真是一件令人棘手的事情。
【拓展】
struggle for　為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng)；為……而努力
struggle with 與……斗爭(zhēng)；與……并肩作戰(zhàn)
struggle against 與……斗爭(zhēng)；為反對(duì)……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
【寫作佳句】
Without any struggle, there is no progress.沒(méi)有奮斗就沒(méi)有進(jìn)步。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They suffered a heavy drought this year.They had to struggle a living.
②Many teenagers will struggle (find) a sense of belonging.
【答案】1.for 2.to find
考點(diǎn)12. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同樣的
[教材原句]　If I’m talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.
如果我是跟一位親密的朋友說(shuō)話，我可以用簡(jiǎn)短的請(qǐng)求，如“打開(kāi)窗戶”，這是因?yàn)槲覀冴P(guān)系親密，彼此平等，所以我只需要說(shuō)幾個(gè)字就能讓對(duì)方明白我的意思。
【拓展】
(1)be equal to...in...　　在……方面與……相等
be equal to sth/doing sth 等于……；與……相等；勝任做某事
(2)be without equal/have no equal 無(wú)與倫比
(3)equally adv. 相等地；同樣地
【寫作佳句】
Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.當(dāng)你讀故事的時(shí)候，有一個(gè)令人意外的結(jié)尾是再高興不過(guò)的事了。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I don’t think he is equal to (do) this kind of work.
②As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated (equal) in education.
【答案】1.doing2.equally
考點(diǎn)13. demand n．需求；要求 vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)
[教材原句]　But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand...但是，如果我是跟不太親近的人說(shuō)話，那么我就得把我的請(qǐng)求說(shuō)得長(zhǎng)一些——我得把它變成一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句，而不是一個(gè)要求……
【拓展】
(1)be in (great) demand　 (迫切)需求
(2)demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
demand that...要求……(從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)
【寫作佳句】
The volunteers will try their best to meet the demands of the audience.志愿者們會(huì)盡全力滿足觀眾的要求。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①First, science graduates are greater demand than art ones in China.
②My father came down and demanded (know) what was going on.
【答案】1.in 2.to know
【教考銜接】
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.(2020·浙江卷)
考點(diǎn)14. description n．描寫(文字)；形容
[教材原句]　Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?作者是否清楚地描述了這個(gè)問(wèn)題？
【拓展】
(1)beyond description　無(wú)法形容，難以描述
give a description of... 描寫/描述……
(2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描繪
【寫作佳句】
He gave us a short description of the city.他給我們簡(jiǎn)短地介紹了這個(gè)城市。
【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It is difficult (describe) how I feel now.
②The beautiful sight of Mount Huang ．黃山的美景是無(wú)法形容的。
【答案】1.to describe2.is beyond description
考點(diǎn)15. relate vt.聯(lián)系；講述
[教材原句]　Does each sentence relate to the main idea？每個(gè)句子都與主旨有關(guān)嗎？
【拓展】
(1)relate to　與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到
(2)related adj. 有關(guān)的
be related to 與……有關(guān)
(3)relation n. 關(guān)系；聯(lián)系
【寫作佳句】
The position calls for related experience in the field and good skills at using computers.這個(gè)崗位需要該領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和熟練使用電腦。
【經(jīng)典練】語(yǔ)境辨義/單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
③What he stressed was (relate) to teenagers’ education.
【答案】1.涉及2.談到3.related
考點(diǎn)16. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.在隨后的年代里，這一體系發(fā)展成了不同的形式，這是由于當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)人居住地域的分隔，從而導(dǎo)致不同的方言和漢字變體的產(chǎn)生。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　It was a time when...這/那是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期
There was a time when...曾有一段時(shí)間……
【經(jīng)典練】
① China experienced very big transformations.
那是一個(gè)中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了很大變化的時(shí)代。
② I didn’t get along well with my classmates.
有一段時(shí)間我和同學(xué)們相處得不好。
③ I hated to go to school.有一段時(shí)間我討厭上學(xué)。
【答案】1.It was a time when2.There was a time when3.There was a time when
考點(diǎn)17. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.這個(gè)書寫體系對(duì)于中國(guó)人民與中國(guó)文化的統(tǒng)一具有非凡的意義。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　“be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
be of great＝be very
【經(jīng)典練】
①The Nobel Prize to Chinese medicine.這項(xiàng)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)對(duì)中國(guó)的醫(yī)學(xué)很重要。
②His opinion is considered to be of great value.他的意見(jiàn)被認(rèn)為很有價(jià)值。
③這本詞典對(duì)中學(xué)生很有用。
→This dictionary middle school students.
→This dictionary middle school students.
【答案】1. is of great importance 2.of 3. is of great use to,is very useful to
考點(diǎn)18. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說(shuō)何種方言，中國(guó)人仍然能通過(guò)書寫(漢字)進(jìn)行交流。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　No matter how/what/when...，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，No matter how/what/when/who/whom/where...可以轉(zhuǎn)換成
however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever...
【經(jīng)典練】
① I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.
不管我身在何方，我都會(huì)記住自己是一個(gè)中國(guó)人。
②No matter difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work ahead of time.
無(wú)論有多難，我打算提前完成工作。
③No matter you are, you must obey the law.
不論你是誰(shuí)，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。
④你無(wú)論遇到什么困難，都必須繼續(xù)做下去。
→You have to go on ．
→You have to go on .
【答案】1.No matter where2.how 3.who 4.no matter what difficulties you meet,whatever difficulties you meet
考點(diǎn)19.The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.我對(duì)一門語(yǔ)言學(xué)得越多，我的智力就增長(zhǎng)得越快。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”表示“越……，就越……”
(1)“the＋比較級(jí)(...), the＋比較級(jí)(...)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)”是表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句，在表示將來(lái)意義的情況下，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
(2)比較級(jí)＋比較級(jí)，意為“越來(lái)越……”
【經(jīng)典練】
① he explained, confused I became.
他越解釋我就越迷惑。
②The more careful you are，the (few) mistakes you will make.
你越仔細(xì)，就越少犯錯(cuò)誤。
③The girl is becoming hard－working.
這個(gè)女孩越來(lái)越努力了。
④ ， you will make.你越努力工作，取得的進(jìn)步就越大。
【答案】1.The more,The more2.fewer 3. more and more4.The harder you work，the greater progress
考點(diǎn)20. Don’t you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not？你不喜歡讓別人告訴你這些短褲是否好看嗎？
【拓展】
[句型公式]　have sb do sth意為：讓某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth　使某人/某物一直做某事
won’t/can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事；不允許某人做某事
have sth done 請(qǐng)別人做某事；使某事被做
have sth to do 有事情要做
【經(jīng)典練】
①We will more flowers and trees.我們要讓園丁種更多的花和樹(shù)。
②He had me (wait) for him for two hours，which made me annoyed.他讓我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，讓我很是氣惱。
③I won’t have you (speak) to your father like that in future.今后我不許你再像那樣跟你父親講話。
④Jack needs to have his apartment (repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。
【答案】1.have the gardener plant 2.waiting3.speaking4.repaired

一．語(yǔ)法精講——限制性定語(yǔ)從句(2)
思維導(dǎo)圖

1．It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3．There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4．These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞的指代及功能如下：
關(guān)系副詞
先行詞
功能
when
表示時(shí)間的名詞
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
where
表示地點(diǎn)的名詞
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
why
reason
原因狀語(yǔ)
1.when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
when表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during ...＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。
I will never forget the day when I first saw you.
＝I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見(jiàn)到你的日子。
2．where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on ...＋which”。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時(shí)成長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜歡住在那個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的房子里。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。
3．why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
why表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞for＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
＝Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.
不成功的人總能找到自己表現(xiàn)不好的理由。
【經(jīng)典練】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空
①This is the place we held a party last week.
②We will never forget the day we met for the first time.
③I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
【答案】1.where 2.when 3.why
[名師點(diǎn)津]　表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞；若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。
These are the reasons why we do it.這些就是我們這樣做的理由。
I don’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late.
我不相信他給出的遲到的理由。(定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用which/that或省略，不用why)
【經(jīng)典練】選詞填空： that, which, when, where, why
①I still remember the days we chatted with each other all night.
②I still remember the days we spent together on the farm.
③I don’t know the reason he dropped out of college.
④I won’t listen to the reason you have given us.
⑤Last Sunday, we went to a centre many elderly people lived.
【答案】1.when 2.that/which 3.why 4.that/which5.where
二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”，用
“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語(yǔ))。選用介詞的依據(jù)：
1．根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語(yǔ))。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”)
昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
2．根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語(yǔ))。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相機(jī)”)
這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。
3．根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)選擇。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
這種無(wú)色的、離開(kāi)它我們就無(wú)法生存的氣體被稱為氧氣。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　在定語(yǔ)從句中，有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不可拆開(kāi)使用，如look after, look for等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)
護(hù)士們正在照顧的這些嬰兒都非常健康。
【經(jīng)典練】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
①I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party.
→I’ll never forget the day I joined the Party.
②The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
→The reason he refused the invitation is not clear.
③The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
→The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
【答案】1.on which 2.why 3.in which
二．寫作精講——有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題的博客

一、黃金寫作模板

二、寫作格式
1．正式的博客：文章包括標(biāo)題、日期、分類和正文。
2．非正式的博客：沒(méi)有標(biāo)題、日期和分類，只有正文。
三、寫作語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)
1．時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
2．語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)懇，提供的建議要有實(shí)用性。
3．語(yǔ)言具有互動(dòng)性。

一、常用詞匯
1．give sb some advice on how to learn English就如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)給某人一些建議
2．a(chǎn)n official language　官方語(yǔ)言
3．make mistakes 犯錯(cuò)誤
4．take part in an English Corner 參加英語(yǔ)角
5．communicate with sb in English 用英語(yǔ)與某人交流
6．written English 書面英語(yǔ)
7．spoken/oral English 口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)
8．keep a diary in English 用英語(yǔ)寫日記
9．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth在做某事方面有困難
10．listening skills 聽(tīng)力技巧
二、常用句式
1．I’m glad to read your blog asking for my advice on how to improve English listening skills.
我很高興讀了你向我征求關(guān)于如何提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力技巧的建議的博客。
2．First of all，I think we should memorize as many words as possible，especially their pronunciation.
首先，我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該記住盡可能多的單詞，尤其是它們的發(fā)音。
3.What’s more，we can also do some listening exercises.
更重要的是，我們還可以做一些聽(tīng)力練習(xí)。
4．We are supposed to learn English well because having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.
我們理應(yīng)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榫ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)意味著在將來(lái)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。
5．Don’t worry if you have any trouble (in) studying Chinese，and just take your time.
學(xué)漢語(yǔ)有困難時(shí)不要著急，慢慢來(lái)。
6．Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing.
記日記是提高寫作水平的一個(gè)有效方法。

假設(shè)你是李華，你在網(wǎng)上看到李明發(fā)的帖子，他說(shuō)他的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)不好，希望得到大家的幫助，你給他回帖。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)提示：
1．給李明提建議；
2．你練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的成功方法；
3．你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難并請(qǐng)求幫助。
第一步：審題謀篇
體裁
應(yīng)用文
人稱
第一、二人稱為主
時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主
框架
首段：針對(duì)李明的問(wèn)題提出建議
中段：自己的問(wèn)題
尾段：求助
第二步：要點(diǎn)翻譯
1．我過(guò)去常常遇到這樣的問(wèn)題。(used to do)
I used to meet such a problem.
2．現(xiàn)在我英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。
Now I speak English well.
3．當(dāng)我回放它時(shí)，我比較那些演講者的發(fā)言和我的發(fā)音。(play...back, compare...with...)
When I play it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
4．我盡可能經(jīng)常地在公共場(chǎng)合練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible.
5．這幫助我獲得自信和流利的英語(yǔ)。(gain)
It helps me gain confidence and fluency.
6．我知道大多數(shù)單詞的意思。
I know the meanings of most words.
7．我不能理解整個(gè)句子。
I can’t understand the whole sentence.
第三步：詞句升級(jí)
1．用but連接要點(diǎn)1和要點(diǎn)2
I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.
2．用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫要點(diǎn)3
Playing it back,I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
3．以要點(diǎn)4為主句，把要點(diǎn)5改為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
4．把要點(diǎn)6改為though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句；要點(diǎn)7為主句
Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
第四步：連句成篇
Hi, Li Ming！How to improve your spoken English is really a problem.I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.I listen to spoken English every day and record my own speech.Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation.Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
However, I have trouble in reading.Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
Any advice？

billion n．十億
【聯(lián)想】 hundred 百；thousand 千；million 百萬(wàn)
native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人
【搭配】 be native to...原產(chǎn)于……
attitude n．態(tài)度；看法

【搭配】 attitude towards/to對(duì)……的態(tài)度
reference n．指稱關(guān)系；參考

【聯(lián)想】 refer vi.提到；參考；查閱 vt.查詢；叫……求助于
【搭配】 refer to指的是；描述；提到；查閱
despite prep.即使；盡管

【聯(lián)想】 in spite of 盡管；不管
based adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的

【搭配】 be based on建立在……基礎(chǔ)上；以……為基礎(chǔ)
【聯(lián)想】 base vt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；根據(jù)
date back(to...)追溯到
【聯(lián)想】 date from 追溯到
variety n．(植物、語(yǔ)言等的)變體；異體；多樣化

【搭配】 a variety of/varieties of各種各樣的
【聯(lián)想】 various adj. 各種各樣的
vary vi. 變化；不同vt. 變更；改變
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生
vi.主修；專門研究
【搭配】 major in　　主修
【聯(lián)想】 majority n. 大多數(shù)
means n．方式；方法；途徑

【搭配】 by means of 通過(guò)；用/借助于……的方法/手段
by this/that means 用這/那種方法
regard n．尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待
【搭配】 with regard to關(guān)于；至于
regard...as... 把……當(dāng)作……
global adj.全球的；全世界的
【聯(lián)想】 globe n. 地球；地球儀
appreciate vt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值
【聯(lián)想】 appreciation n．欣賞；感激；感謝
specific adj.特定的；明確的；具體的
【搭配】 be specific to 對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)是特有的
to be specific 明確地說(shuō)，確切地說(shuō)
struggle n．&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗

【搭配】 struggle for... 為……而斗爭(zhēng)
struggle against 與……作斗爭(zhēng)
struggle with 和……一起奮斗
beg vt.懇求；祈求；哀求
beggar n. 乞丐
equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的

【搭配】 be equal to sth/doing sth　等于/能勝任做某事
be without equal/have no equal 無(wú)匹敵者；首屈一指
【聯(lián)想】 equally adv. 同樣地；相等地
demand n．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)

【搭配】 in (great) demand有很大需求；廣受歡迎
demand sth of sb 向某人要某物
demand to do sth 要求做某事
description n．描寫(文字)；形容

【搭配】 beyond description無(wú)法描述；無(wú)法形容
【聯(lián)想】 describe vt. 記述；描述
relate vt.聯(lián)系；講述

【搭配】 relate to　　與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到
【聯(lián)想】 relation n. 關(guān)系

1．To have another language is to possess a second soul.掌握另一門語(yǔ)言就擁有了第二個(gè)靈魂。
2．A man who does not know a foreign language is ignorant of his own.—Goethe
一個(gè)不懂得外語(yǔ)的人，也不會(huì)真正了解自己的母語(yǔ)?！璧?br /> 3．Learning any language takes a lot of effort，but don't give up.學(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言都需要下很大功夫，但不要放棄。
4．Language shapes the way we think and determines what we can think about.語(yǔ)言塑造了我們思考的方式，決定了我們能想到什么內(nèi)容。
5．Words are the leaves of the tree of language，of which，if some fall away，a new succession takes their place.文字是語(yǔ)言樹(shù)上的葉子，如果其中一些掉了，新的就會(huì)取而代之。

What is poetry？Who knows?
Not a rose，but the scent(氣味) of the rose；
Not the sky，but the light of the sky；
Not the fly，but the gleam of the fly；
Not the sea，but the sound of sea；
Not myself，but what makes me
See，hear and feel something that prose
Cannot：and what it is，who knows?
什么是詩(shī)歌?有誰(shuí)知道呢?
并不是一朵玫瑰,但卻比玫瑰更芬芳；
不是天空,但卻比天空更明亮；
不是飛鳥,但卻比飛鳥更易逝；
不是海洋,但卻比海洋更喧囂；
不是我自己,但卻造就了我.
看一看,聽(tīng)一聽(tīng),去感受那散文中所沒(méi)有的,
它到底是什么呢/有誰(shuí)知道?

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