
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的情感態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能、建議、愿望、必要、責(zé)任、允許、能力、請(qǐng)求、打算等。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如: can, may, dare, shall, will 等有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶t的不定式, ught t, used t和have t 除外。5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式,即:沒(méi)有不定式、分詞等形式。
1.1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征
1.只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的:2. 可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的: 3. 可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的: 4. 相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的:
can/culd, may/might, ught t, must
need, dare/dared
shall/shuld, will/wuld
have t, used t
1.2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類
(1)表示能力,常譯為_(kāi)______ 例如: I can speak Japanese。but I can’t write it. 我會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ),但是不會(huì)寫 (2)表示允許,常譯為_(kāi)____;culd比can表示更加 委婉地請(qǐng)求或許可例如: ① ---Can/Culd I have a lk at yur phts? 我可以看看你的照片嗎? ---Of curse yu can.當(dāng)然可以了。 ②Yu can smke in this rm. 你______在這間屋子里吸煙。
1.3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, culd
(3)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去____,意為_(kāi)_____ ,用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句. can’t / culdn’t 意為_(kāi)______ ①---Can she be in the classrm? ---NO,she can’t be in it. ②Can what he said be true? (4) can /culd 有時(shí) 意思是“可能會(huì),有時(shí)候會(huì)” . ①Accidents can happen at any time.________________ ②It culd/can be very interesting t g ut fr a drive.出去開(kāi)車兜風(fēng)可能會(huì)很有趣 (culd比can的可能性小)
(1)表示許可或征詢對(duì)方許可,常譯成“_____”。表示征詢?cè)S可時(shí),may 可與can/culd換用。might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些.對(duì)其一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定回答可用____或____。
否定回答時(shí)要用_______或_____, 表示“不可以”或“禁止”之意。例如: ①Yu may g hme nw. ② ---May I cme in? ---Yes,yu ____/____. ---N, yu ______/______.
1.4 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may, might
(2)may常用于祈使句中表示_____例如: ①M(fèi)ay yu succeed! ②愿上帝保佑你!(3)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),肯定句中意為 “可能”; may nt / might nt意為“_____”。(might比may可能性小) ①______________________他現(xiàn)在可能很忙 ②---Why hasn’t he cme?他為什么還沒(méi)來(lái)? ---______________________他可能不來(lái)了。
can’t/ culdn’t 表推測(cè)時(shí)意為“不可能”Eg. He _____be abrad. I saw him in the park this mrning.
He may be very busy nw.
He may / might nt cme.
Exercise: 用may, might, can, culd 填空
1. They (can/might) ______be away fr the weekend but I’m nt sure.(表_____)2. Yu (may/might) _____leave nw if yu wish.(表_____)3. (Culd/May) ______ yu pen the windw a bit, please?(表______)4. He (can/culd) _____be frm America, judging by his accent.(表______)5. (May/Can) _____yu swim?(表_____)
(1)must表示“___________”.用于一般疑問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用_____。否定回答要用_______或____________。 ①—_____ we hand in ur exercise tday? 我們必須今天上交練習(xí)嗎? —Yes, yu______.是的,你們必須。 —N, yu ________/___________.不, 你們不必。(2) mustn’t表示“____________”。例如: 你不許把這本新書(shū)借給別人。 ② ________________________________.
dn't have t
Yu mustn’t lend the new bk t thers.
1.5 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must / mustn’t/can’t
(3)Must 還表示推測(cè),只能用于肯定句,意為“_________”。作此解時(shí),must的否定形式不是mustn’t而是__________。 (mustn’t 只表示___________) A: --- I think the news _______true
B:--- N, it ______ true.
can't/culdn't
不,它不可能 是真的。
我想這個(gè)消息一定是真的
(1) 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, need意為“___________”, 一般用于 _______________。疑問(wèn)句中把need提前, 否定形式是 needn't。 ______________________________你今天下午不必來(lái)。(2) 用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞, 意為“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各種句式中. (need sth. / need t d sth./ need ding)你不必現(xiàn)在就走。_____________________他現(xiàn)在所需要的是信心。___________________________My cmputer _________________________(需要修了)。
Yu needn’t cme here this afternn.(needn’t=__________)
Yu dn’t need t g nw.
What he needs nw is cnfidence.
needs repairing
dn’t have t
(=t be repaired)
(1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中, 過(guò)去式形式為_(kāi)_____;否定式為_(kāi)_______________。 ________________________
(2)dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中, dare后面常接帶 t的不定式,即: dare t d;在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中, dare后面的動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)可省略t. 他不敢在這么多人面前說(shuō)話, 是嗎? _______________________________________________.
Hw dare yu say I’m unfair?
daren’t r dare nt
He daren’t speak befre s many peple, dare he?
He desn’t dare (t) speak befre s many peple, des he?
Exercise: 用need, dare 填空
1.—Must I stay here? —N, yu _______. 2.He _____nt be tld twice abut ne single ________ (不必)t hand in her task right nw. 4.N ne ____say the emperr had nthing n.5. He said he _______ (不敢) t swim acrss this river.6.I dn’t_______________________at night. 夜晚我不敢單獨(dú)一人待在家里。
desn’t need
didn’t dare
dare (t) stay at hme alne
(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議,用于第______人稱疑問(wèn)句中. wuld比will語(yǔ)氣更委婉。例如: ①請(qǐng)過(guò)一會(huì)兒再打過(guò)來(lái)好嗎? Will/ Wuld yu call back later,please? ②你想來(lái)杯咖啡嗎? Wuld yu like a cup f cffee? (2)表示意志、愿望和決心,有“_______”之意;wuld表示過(guò)去的_____和_____。例如:
I will d my best t help yu.
1.8 will/wuld
(1)shall用于_____、_____人稱疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求許可。例如: ①What shall we d this evening? 我們今晚干什么呢? ②When shall he be able t leave the hspital? 他什么時(shí)間能離開(kāi)醫(yī)院? (2)shall用于_____、_____人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例如: ①Yu shall fail if yu dn’t wrk hard. ②Yu shall nt leave yur pst.
③ Yu shall have the bk when I finish reading it.
當(dāng)我讀完這本書(shū)時(shí)你可以拿走。 ④He shall be punished。他將受到懲罰。(3)shuld表示勸告、建議、命令,其同義詞是_________;在疑問(wèn)句中,通常用shuld代替ught t,意為“應(yīng)該”。 (4) shuld 還常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中___________________________________
Sal suggested that we (shuld g) fr a swim.
1.8 shall/shuld
用will, wuld, shall, shuld, must 或其否定形式填空
1. Yu ______ smke here, because the wrker is carrying sme petrl.(表____)2. It is dangerus. Yu ______ leave the rm immediately.
(表____________)3. He ______ g hiking with friends at weekends when yung.
(表________)4. ---Write t me when yu get hme. ---I ____.(表_____)
shuld/ must
5. Yu have been wrking all day. Yu _____be very tired.
(表____)
1. shuld / ught t have dne2. shuldn’t have dne3. must have dne 4. culdn’t/can’t have dne5. culd have dne 6. may / might have dne7. needn’t have dne8. wuld have dne
1. 應(yīng)該做(但未做)2. 不應(yīng)該做(但做了)3. 一定做了某事4. 不可能做了某事5. 本可以做(但未做)6. 可能已經(jīng)做了(推測(cè))/ 可能發(fā)生(但沒(méi)發(fā)生)7. 沒(méi)必要做(但做了)8. 本要做(但未做)
1.8情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have dne
1. He can’t/culdn’t have finished s much wrk in s shrt a time.2. We culd have gne there n ft. A taxi wasn’t necessary at a11.
3. He may/might have said s.4. That was t dangerus. Yu might have killed yurself.
5. Lk, yu needn’t have bught thse sweaters fr me. I have just knitted ne.
6. It must have rained last night.
7. Yu shuld have started earlier.8. Yu shuldn’t have lent him mney yesterday.
9. I didn’t have enugh mney, therwise I wuld have bught that bk.
needn’t have dne沒(méi)必要做(但做了)needn’t d 不必做(沒(méi)做) Lk, yu needn’t have bught thse sweaters fr me. I have just knitted ne.
I didn’t need t clean the windws. My brther did it.
must+have dne:表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè), 表示 “__________”;其否定形式為_(kāi)__________________
can’t/culdn’t have dne
It must have rained last night.It can’t have rained last night.
英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式(有的還借助句法形式)來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示假設(shè)或事實(shí)與愿望相反。也可以表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的感情,比如愿望、要求、命令、建議等等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。
如果我是你,我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí).
如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼,我就給他打電話了.
如果明天下雨的話,我們會(huì)取消比賽.
If I were yu, I wuld wrk harder at my lessns.
If I had knwn his telephne number, I wuld have called him.
If it shuld \were t rain, we wuld call ff the match.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/ were wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had dne wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + have dne與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 did/were t d/shuld d wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d
(1)在條件句中,可省略 if,把were ,had, shuld 提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式.If I were at schl again, I wuld study harder.Were I at schl again, I wuld study harder.If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. (2)當(dāng)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),被稱為:錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句. 動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整.If yu had fllwed my advice , yu wuld be better nw.If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
(3) 含蓄虛擬條件句,通常借助這些詞withut, but fr ( 要不是 ), r/ therwise等來(lái)表達(dá)條件。 I culdn’t have succeeded withut yur generus help. We gt lst, therwise we wuld have visited mre places f interest yesterday.(4)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if nly 引導(dǎo)的條件句或感嘆句 If nly I had knwn the news earlier! 要是我早知道這個(gè)消息就好了?。?)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用 The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. (6) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于目的狀語(yǔ)從句s that,in rder that, in case(以免,以防), fr fear that(以免,唯恐,)有時(shí)也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Yu shuld take an umbrella fr fear that it (shuld) rain.
as if/as thugh意為“好像,仿佛”,從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況,用陳述語(yǔ)氣??梢砸龑?dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,也可以跟在系動(dòng)詞seem,appear,lk,taste,sund,feel,smell等之后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
as if/as thugh引導(dǎo)從句
表語(yǔ)從句:He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
狀語(yǔ)從句:D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. (虛擬語(yǔ)氣) He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. (陳述語(yǔ)氣)
(1) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定”等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如: I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne. (2) suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin等表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定”等詞后的表語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"(shuld) +d"。如: His suggestin is that we (shuld) hld anther meeting t discuss the questin.
(3) suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin,rder等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"(shuld)+d"。如: They received rders that the wrk(shuld)be dne at nce.
如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講,則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin. He suggested that we shuld take actin right nw.
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.He insisted that he had lcked the dr.
2.31 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(1)wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wuld\culd g.
對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬 過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬 過(guò)去完成時(shí)對(duì)將來(lái)虛擬 wuld, might, culd d
(2) wuld rather + 從句 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí)
I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.I wuld rather yu had gne there last Sunday.
(3) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如: I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.
在句型 “It is imprtant /necessary/strange/natural that sb (shuld) d(1)我們有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we (shuld) have a walk nw.
(2)她這樣做是很自然的。 It’s natural that she (shuld) d s.
(3)重要的是我們要照顧好病人。
It’s imprtant that we (shuld) take gd care f the patient.
2.32 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
2. 在It is demanded/suggested/rdered/required that sb (shuld) dIt is demanded that we shuld wrk ut a plan.
3. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ n wnder that sb (shuld) d(表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情感) It’s a pity that yu (shuld) miss a gd chance.
這是一份人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題11情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件,共50頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了內(nèi)容索引,核心考點(diǎn)?分層突破, 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練?鞏固提升,高考鏈接,could ,can ,had ,考點(diǎn)歸納,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練?鞏固提升,be found等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第五講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件,共19頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,法一覽表,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,歲該多好啊等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件,共60頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了考點(diǎn)精講,一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,難點(diǎn)釋疑,can’t ,mustn’t ,needn’t ,解題策略,易錯(cuò)聚焦,達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè),can 等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
微信掃碼,快速注冊(cè)
注冊(cè)成功