指出下列名詞在句中所做的成分。 1.The wrld lves nature. 2.Knwledge is pwer Chinese are peace-lving.
predicative
名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞
His jb is imprtant.
What he des is imprtant.
This is his jb.
This is what he des every day.
I dn’t like his jb.
I dn’t like what he des every day.
I dn’t knw abut the man, Mr. White.
I dn’t knw abut the fact that he is a teacher.
1.名詞性從句必須是陳述詞序.2. 名詞性從句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，what引導(dǎo)的從句單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后面的表語。
主語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句稱為主語從句。主語從句一般位于句首，也可以用形式主語it代替，將主語從句放在句末。
Underline the subjective can’t kill yu will make yu language yu will learn is up t yu will succeed depends n hw hard yu try.4. That he turned ut t be N. 1 in the test surprised us a great deal. 5.What the ld need mst is care. 6.What we students need badly are many pprtunities t prve urselves. He failed in the exam surprised us a great deal. When will the celebratin begin has nt been determined yet. That the by ften makes sme nises anny the neighbr greatly.
主語從句必須有一個引導(dǎo)詞.從句必須是陳述句詞序.3. 主語從句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后面的表語。
1.1 主語從句引導(dǎo)詞
that, if, weather引導(dǎo)主語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。whether, if 意為“是否”.
1.1 從屬連詞that, whether, if
Whether可以用于句首，if不可以用于句首。 it作形式主語，主語從句后置時whether/if都可以.
1.That he passed the exam made me he will succeed remains t be seen. 3. If it will rain tmrrw is nt clear.4. Whether it will rain tmrrw is nt clear.5. It is nt clear whether/if it will rain tmrrw.
連接代詞wh ，what ，which, whm, whse, whatever, whichever, whever 引導(dǎo)主語從句在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。
① Wh will take part in the party has nt been decided yet.② Whever cme t the Yellw muntain will be amazed by its scenery.③ What he said is meaningful.⑤ Whse sng will be chsen is still unknwn.⑥ Which sng will be chsen has nt been decided. .
1.What yu said is yu said is right.=Anything that yu said is right.3. Whever breaks the law will be punished.=Anyne wh breaks the law will be punished.4. Yu can pick whichever bk yu like.=Yu can pick any bk that yu like.
Whatever yu say, I wn’t believe yu.=N matter what yu say, I wn’t believe yu.
______ he is a famus singer is knwn t us.______ they are badly in need f help is quite clear.______ university Li Hua will g is unknwn.______ he wants is a bk._____ I’m unwilling t d is refuse his invitatin. ______ student will win the first is uncertain.
1.that: 不做成分, 只起連接作用，不能省略2.what除連接作用外，還在充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語等。3. which (意為哪種，哪個…，表選擇)what 強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，which強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇。what無范圍，which有范圍。
連接副詞when，where， hw， why在主語從句中做狀語。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will set ff is nt decided.Where she is frm is unknwn.Hw we will paint the huse has nt been decided.
主語從句為了避免 “頭重腳輕”, 常用 it 作形式主語, 把主語從句放在后面。
常見句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句It is bvius that these measures are effective.It is natural that he (shuld) fall in lve with her.(2)It＋be＋名詞(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that從句It is a pity that we lst the match.(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/tld/reprted/suggested等)＋that從句It is reprted that 20 peple were killed in the accident. It is suggested that we shuld d exercise everyday.(4)It＋不及物動詞(seem，appear，happen，matter, ccur 等)＋that從句It ccurred t me that I didn’t clse the dr. (我突然想到…)=It struck/hit me thatIt happens that (碰巧…) It seems/appears that(似乎）It matters little what he said= It desn’t matter what he said.
It’s certain/pssible/unlikely/bvius that… It is necessary/imprtant/natural/strange... that …shuld d…
1 _______the teacher said is very we will g t the park tmrrw afternn by bus hasn’t been decided yet.3. ________ the earth ges rund the sun is knwn t us can jin in the sprts meet is decided by the is needed fr success is yur hard wrk.6. _________the trees in the garden will be planted hasn’t been decided.
Whether / hw
in the garden
When / Where
1.連接詞that / whether / if/ /where / hw / when /why/ wh /what/which/ whm
Summarize the grammatical rules
3.引導(dǎo)主語從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語的whether/if都可以.
2.That 在主語從句中不能省略.
4.有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”,常用 it 作形式主語,而把從句放在后面. 5.主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但也要看表語單復(fù)數(shù)形式才可以決定。
Yi Yangqianxi is ur yuth’s idl. _____ he is cl and handsme attracts us yuth greatly. Actually, ____ _ makes him ur idl is nt his dancing and singing skills, but his lve fr scial charities. _____Yi has dne a lt f scial charity is wrth highly praising. ____is said _______ ur schl has asked him t give a speech next mnth. _______is mentined is ___ he nce acted as an advcatr f smking cntrl by WHO. ________ becmes his fans has been hping t see him in persn ne day. Hwever, _ _____he will cme and visit ur schl is still unknwn.
Activity5.
It is universally acknwledged that Tu Yuyu is abslutely a great female scientist in China, even in the wrld. That Tu wn the Nbel Prize f natural science award as the first Chinese mainland cmpletely surprised Chinese peple. Hw Tu and her team carried ut their research wrk is unimaginable fr peple, which is a lng hard jurney t her great success. What is deserved t be mentined is that she wed her hnr t her whle team and ur cuntry, which shwed her passin and lve t Chinese peple and ur hmeland. …
賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句有三種。
1.動詞的賓語從句I wnder whether yu can change this nte fr me.
2.介詞的賓語從句Our success depends upn hw well we can cperate with ne antherDid she say anything abut hw we shuld d the wrk?I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed mney.
3. 形容詞的賓語從句表示情感的形容詞（如srry, sure, afraid, glad等T與系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面所跟的的從句也可算是賓語從句。I’m srry (that) I dn’t knw .We’re sure (that) ur team will win .I’m afraid (that) he wn’t pass the exam .
介詞后面賓語從句不用which 和if引導(dǎo)，后面跟whether和wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用,that不能省略。
2.1 賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞
that引導(dǎo)賓語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，常被省略。
2.2 從屬連詞that
She tld me (that) she wuld accept my invitatin.
He said (that) she was wrng and that everyne was hurt by her wrds.
1.從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。
2.3 不能省略that
2. It作形式賓語時也不能省略that.
Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.
3. that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用,此時that不能省略。
I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed mney.
whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。
2.2 從屬連詞whether, if
Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
I dn’t care abut whether yu have mney r nt.
1. 介詞后的賓語從句
2.3用whether不用if
2. 主語從句（位于句首）、表語從句、同位語從句
Whether it will rain tmrrw is nt clear. It is nt clear whether/if it will rain tmrrw.
3.后接動詞不定式時I can’t decide whether t stay.4. 從句中有r nt時5.在discuss， wnder，dubt等動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時。We discussed whether we shuld stp the experiment.
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2. We’re wrried abut ________ he is safe.4. I dn’t knw ________ r nt he is well.5. I dn’t knw _______ t g.
if / whether
2.4 it作形式賓語
常見句型：(1)動詞find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋賓補(bǔ)＋賓語從句Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.(2)動詞hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/if appreciate/+it+ifI hate it when/if he speaks in a rude manner.I wuld appreciate it if yu culd help me.(3) 動詞短語see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋從句I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.(4)固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb that＋從句Dn't take it fr granted that yur parents shuld supprt yu all yur life.I we it t yu that I have made great prgress in English. I we my prgress in English t yu
Dn’t take yur parents’ lve fr granted
(1)如果主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)淼哪撤N時態(tài)時，（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在時，過去時，將來時…)I knw he lives here.I knw he lived here ten years ag.Mary says that Tm is ding well in his lessn.(2)如果主句是過去的時態(tài), 那么賓語從句須用過去的某種時態(tài) .如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理，其謂語動詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。She said that she missed us very much.She said that she was writing a letter.She said that she wuld visit the Great Wall.
The teacher said that light travels much faster than sund.
2.6 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppse, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞nt轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定前移。 We dn’t believe that he will win the game. I knw he lived here ten years ag.
賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分
When will he g t the library? His brther asks when he will g t the library . His brther asks when will he g t the library .
What des he want t buy ? I dn’t knw what he wants t buy . I dn’t knw what des he want t buy .
dubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)從句。I dubt whether/if he has passed the exam.I dn’t dubt that he has passed the exam.be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引導(dǎo)從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)從句。 I am sure that he has passed the exam.I am nt sure whether/if he has passed the exam.
2.7 dubt, be sure用法
表語從句：跟在系動詞后面的從句稱為表語從句。連接表語的系動詞有be, lk, remain, seem, appear, smell, feel, taste, sund, lk等等
that, weather引導(dǎo)表語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。
3.1 從屬連詞that, whether
The fact is that he failed in the exam.The questin is whether we can rely n him.連接代詞whatLife is what happens t yu while yu are busy making ther plans.
as if/as thugh意為“好像，仿佛”，常跟在系動詞seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引導(dǎo)表語從句。若表語從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語氣。
3.2 as if/as thugh引導(dǎo)表語從句
He lked as if he was ging t cry.He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
as if/as thugh意為“好像，仿佛”，從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況，用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，用陳述語氣?？梢砸龑?dǎo)方式狀語從句，也可以跟在系動詞seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引導(dǎo)表語從句。
表語從句：He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
狀語從句：D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. （虛擬語氣） He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. （陳述語氣）
(1)This is why… 這就是為什么…” This is why he was late.(2)This is because… “這是因?yàn)椤?This is because he was ill.(3)The reasn that… “……的原因是……”The reasn why he was late was that he was ill. (that不能用because, reasn 不能和because連用）
在表語從句中, 表“是否” 時, 只能用 “whether”，不能用“if”。2. 一般情況下，“that”不能省。3. It is /was because … It is /was why…4. The reasn (why…/fr…)is /was that…5. The reasn is because /why…
Nun clauses as the appsitive
同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語, 其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea; belief ; fact; truth; prblem; news 等)后面, 對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞有that/ when / where/why / hw / whether。
1. The idea that cmputers can recgnize human vices surprises many peple.2. Sydney kept his prmise that he wuld d anything he culd fr Lucie t make her happy.3. We are discussing the prblem whether the sprts meeting will be held n time. 4. I have n idea where he has gne.5. I have n idea what he came that a war brke ut between the tw cuntries. (消息傳來…)
4.1 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語, 其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea; belief ; fact; truth; prblem; news 等)后面, 對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。 同位語從句常用 that 或連接副詞when / where/why / hw / whether引導(dǎo)。
(1) 從詞類上區(qū)別 同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hpe, belief, suggestin, prpsal, wrd, thught, dubt, truth, pssibility, prmise, rder 等抽象意義的名詞, 而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。
I have heard the news that he visited ur factry.I have heard the news that he tld yu the ther day.
（2）從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制, 相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。 而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋, 相當(dāng)于一個名詞。
同位語從句中that 只起連接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。定語從句 中that 起連接作用，充當(dāng)賓語、主語或表語。作賓語時可以 省略。hw, whether, what 可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。
（3）從連接詞和所作成分上區(qū)別
區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句時, 可以在先行詞與從句之間加一個系動詞be,如果句子通順且符合邏輯, 則為同位語從句。The news that he was ging t resign was false. 本句中, 先行詞與從句之間加上一個be后為：The reprt was that he was ging t resign. 因?yàn)樵摼渚湟馔? 所以是同位語從句。
　 考點(diǎn)一:名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別 　 考點(diǎn)二:名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語
5. 名詞性從句七大重點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)三:名詞性從句的語序
考點(diǎn)四:名詞性從句中的whether, if
考點(diǎn)五:名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與n matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)六：名詞性從句的虛擬語氣
考點(diǎn)七：定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)八：dubt, be sure用法
1.that: 不做成分, 只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略，引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時均不能省略。2.what除連接作用外，還在充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語等。意為“……的東西，……的地方，……的人”3. which (意為哪種，哪個…，表選擇)what 強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，which強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇。what無范圍，which有范圍。
7._______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
1. 表示“……的人或….的樣子”，相當(dāng)于the persn thatHe is n lnger what he was.
5. 1 What 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法
Befre the sales start, I make a list f ______ my kids will need fr the cming seasn. A. why B. what C. hw D. which
2. 表示“……的東西或事情”，相當(dāng)于“things that...; all that...;
3. 表示“……的地方”, 相當(dāng)于the place that This is what they call Salt Lake City. In 1492, Clumbus reached what is nw called America.
what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞： 你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。 Yu can take what yu like. Yu can take everything (that) yu like. Yu can take everything what yu like.
4.有時what 可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個名詞I gave him what bks I had. 我把我所有的書都給他了。 He gave me what mney he had abut him. 他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。
5. A is t B what C is t D.what引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as.
(A對B而言正如C對D一樣)
Air is t us what water is t fish.
　_______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language. 　　　 I hate _______ when peple talk with their muths full. 　　　
= That English is being accepted as an internatinal language is a fact.
5. 2 it作形式主語或形式賓語
　 The phtgraphs will shw yu _______ . 　　A. what des ur village lk like 　　B. what ur village lks like 　　C. hw des ur village lk like 　
5. 3 名詞性從句的語序
5.4用whether不用if
1: _______ we'll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather. 　　　 2: What the dctrs really dubt is _______ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn.
5. 4 名詞性從句的whether, if
whatever, whichever, whever
Whatever yu say, I wn’t believe yu.=N matter what yu say, I wn’t believe yu.(狀語從句）
It is generally cnsidered unwise t give a child _______ he r she wants. 　　
(1) suggest, prpse, insist, desire, demand, request, rder, cmmand表示"建議、請求、要求、決定等"意思的詞后面常用虛擬語氣。如: 　　I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne. (2) 主語是suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin等表示"建議、請求、要求、決定等"意思的詞時,表語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣"(shuld) +d"。如: 　　His suggestin is that we (shuld) hld anther meeting t discuss the questin.
5. 6 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
(3)主語是suggestin, prpsal, request, decisin，rder等的同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣"(shuld)+d"。如: 　　They received rders that the wrk(shuld)be dne at nce.
如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說”講，則其后的賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語氣。
The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin. He suggested that we shuld take actin right nw.
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.He insisted that he had lcked the dr.
5.7 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

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