定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾作用的詞、短語或句子，名詞、代詞、形容詞 、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句等都可以作定語。
I have read the newspaper.
The newspaper carries the imprtant news.
I shwed him the letter.
I received the letter this mrning.
I shwed him the letter (which) I received this mrning.
Cai Xukun is a singer.He is ppular with teenagers.Cai Xukun is a singer wh is ppular with teenagers.
Cai Xukun is a singer wh is ppular with teenagers.
which, wh, whm, whse, that
where, when, why
定語從句：在句中起定語作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。
that 在從句中作主語,賓語或表語，指人或物。which在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. The ndles that I cked were delicius.
3. Shenzhen is nt the city that it used t be.4. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 5. The fish which we bught were nt fresh.
wh, whm 在從句中分別作主語和賓語，指人。
1. The by wh brke the windw is called Michael. 2. The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr. Li. 3. Mr. Read is the prfessr whm I met yesterday.
whse 在從句中作定語，指人或物。
1. This is the by whse cmpsitin the teacher talked f. 2. This is the bk whse cver is blue.
Whse cmpsitin = the cmpsitin f whm = f whm the cmpsitin
Whse cver = the cver f which =f which the cver
The ld temple ______ rf was damaged is nw under repair.2. That’s the mew machine _______ parts are t small t be seen.3. This is the scientist ______name is knwn all ver the wrld.4. I bught an ancient vase, the price ______ ______ was very reasnable.5. The newly-built café, the walls ______ _____ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.
I am sure she has smething (that) yu can brrw.
先行詞為all, everything, nthing, smething, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時
This is the first bk (that) he has read.
This is the very bk that belngs t him.
(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時
(4) 先行詞被the nly, the very, the last 修飾時
I’ve read all the bks that are nt mine.
(2) 先行詞被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much, few等修飾時
(5)先行詞即有人又有物時
Which is the bk that yu bught last week?
(6)主句中有疑問詞which 或wh時
They talked abut the persns and things that they remembered .
① Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting.② Anyne wh breaks the law is punished.③ The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard.④ Thse wh break the law are punished.⑤ He wh breaks the law is punished.
1.4 關(guān)系代詞只用wh的情況
⑥The famus film star, wh tries t make a cmeback, draws a lt f attentin.
如何選擇關(guān)系詞：1. 確定定語從句2.看先行詞是指人還是指物3. 看從句中缺什么成分（把先行詞還原到定語從句中，看先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分4. 確定關(guān)系代詞
The bys ______are playing ftball are frm Class One.Ftball is a game ___________is liked by mst bys.
which/ that
選擇正確的關(guān)系詞填入題目中的空白處。1. I like the present __________ yu've sent t me.2. The nurse __________ we talked abut can speak English well.3. This is the mst difficult jb __________ we've ever dne.4. This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever knwn.5. The ld gentleman __________ yu met just nw is a famus writer.6. The girl t __________ I lent my bike wrks in a hspital.7. We talked abut the things and persns ________ we saw then.8. I live in the rm _________windw faces suth.
1. that/which/不填 2. that/wh/whm/不填 3. that 4. that 5. wh/whm/that/不填 6. whm 7. that 8. whse
He wh laughs last laughs best.
I wn’t hate thse wh hate me, because I am lving peple wh lve me.Dn’t lie. Thse wh believe yur lies are als the nes wh believe in yu.
先行詞指時間，定語從句中缺時間狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞when，when可換成“介詞+which”。如：
1. I still remember that day when I first came t Nanjing. I still remember that day. I first came t Nanjing n that day.
2. My father was brn in the year when Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut. My father was brn in the year. Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut in the year.
1.4 關(guān)系副詞when
I still remember the day when (= n which) I first came t Nanjing.
My father was brn in the year when(= in which) Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut.
先行詞指地點，定語從句中缺地點狀語時用關(guān)系副詞where，where可換成“介詞+which”. 如：
This is the huse where I lived last year. This is the huse. I lived in the huse last year.
1.4 關(guān)系副詞where
This is the huse where(= in which) I lived last year.
Tips : 當(dāng)先行詞是case, cnditin, situatin, psitin, pint, stage, degree，ccasin等詞，表示情況、方面、處境且從句中缺狀語時用關(guān)系副詞where。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
先行詞是reasn，從句中缺原因狀語時用關(guān)系副詞why時，why可換成“fr + which”。如：
This is the reasn why the by was punished. This is the reasn. The by was punished fr this reasn.
1.4 關(guān)系副詞why
This is the reasn why(= fr which) the by was punished.
1. I'll never frget the day______________ we met each ther.2. I will never frget the days ______________I spent with yur family。3. D yu still remember the place______________we visited?4. D yu still remember the place______________ we visited the painting exhibitin?
when/ n which
which/that/
where/in which
5. This is the reasn ___________ he was late.
why/ fr which
6.This is the reasn ______________ he gave me.
that/which/
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是定語從句一種介詞前置的定語從句句型。例如： The man wh/whm /that /yu spke t is a teacher. =The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是定語從句一種介詞前置的定語從句句型。例如： The man wh/whm /that /yu spke t is a teacher. =The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.一、基本構(gòu)成 1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whm，即：介詞+which(指人）/介詞+whm（指物）。 （1）The man t whm yu spke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.
關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義（重中之重）1. 一先，即根據(jù)定語從句中的先行詞常用的搭配選擇合適的介詞。I never frget the day ________ which I came t this schl. 2. 二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞常用的搭配選擇合適的介詞。This is the iPad ________which I spent 3000 yuan. 3. 三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。This is my pair f glasses, ________ which I cannt see clearly.
spend mney n sth
1. I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the ld man.2. The wman, ________ whm I learned the news, is a nurse.3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a persn ________ whm she culd turn fr help.4. Ours is a beautiful schl, _____which we are prud.
通常介詞放在定語從句中動詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動詞短語搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動詞后，如： lk fr, lk after, pay attentin t ,take care f , lk frward t, listen t等。This is the pen that / which/ yu are lking fr.The patient that/whm/ she is lking after is her father.The wrds that /which we shuld pay attentin t are written n the blackbard.
關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況① 非限制性定語從句Ftball, which is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.② 介詞之后用which.（介詞后指物用which,指人用whm）The persn ________I am speaking just nw is ur English teacher.The prize ________he wrked s hard was a new bicycle.
I had the same experience as yu had. 我跟你有相同的經(jīng)歷。（as在從句中做賓語，不可?。?I never heard such stries as he tld. 我從未聽過他講的這種故事。（as在從句中做賓語） Here is s heavy a bx as can be lifted by nbdy. 這里有一個沒人能搬得動的箱子。（as在從句中做主語）
as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句：主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, s修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：the same…as as…as such…as s…as
As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 指代整個主句,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。常譯為“正如”
As everyne knws, China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry.
He frgt t bring his pen with him, as was ften the case.
As we all knw， (As is well knwn，) 眾所周知As we expected, 正如我們所預(yù)料的As ften happens, 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣As is ften the case, 情況常常如此as has been said befre，如前所述As may be imagined, 可以想象得出As has been pinted ut, 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣As will be shwn in… 正如將在…中展示的那樣as is mentined abve 正如上面所提到的
一、限定性定語從句: 緊跟先行詞無逗號和主句隔開
Mary is a girl wh has lng hair.　
二、非限定性定語從句: 有逗號與先行詞隔開
三、分割性定語從句：定語從句和先行詞間有其他成分隔開
Last night I saw a very gd film, which was abut the Lng March.
The day will cme_____ all peple have rbts。
The prfessr is sleeping ______ has just cme back frm abrad.?
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.2. The ndles that I cked were delicius.3. Wh is the man that is reading a bk ver there?4. The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.5. They planted sme trees which didn’t need much water.6. The fish which we bught this mrning were nt fresh.
7 The freigner wh visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.8 The by wh brke the windw is called Tm.9 The persn t whm yu just talked is Mr Li.10 Mrs Read is the persn t whm yu shuld write.
______________________________________________(眾所周知，興趣是最好的老師) In my spare time, I like watching films, ________________________________________________ (這豐富我的生活，開闊我的視野) Tday I want t intrduce a mvie t yu, ____________________________(它的名字是美麗人生)
___________________________________________________ ______________________________ (我推薦這部電影的原因是它提醒我們應(yīng)該樂觀，善良)， I will never frget the scene ,________________________________ (那個偉大的父親即使面臨死亡也在對他的孩子微笑) .

As we all knw, interest is the best teacher.
which will enrich my life and braden my hrizns.
whse name is Beautiful Life
The reasn why I recmmend this mvie is that it reminds us that we shuld be ptimistic and kind.
still smiling t his child in face f death.
where that great father are
Cai Xukun is a singer， wh is ppular with teenagers.
as, which, wh, whm, whse, where, when…
非限制性定語從句：是定語從句的一種，與先行詞的關(guān)系不十分密切，它只是對所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說明，去掉之后并不影響整個句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:
Nn-Restrictive Attributive Clause
1. 限制性定語從句與其所修飾的先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果省略，主句意義往往不完整；而非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系并不十分密切，它往往是對先行詞或整個主句的附加說明，與主句之間通常用逗號隔開，如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。
Trnt is a city that I've always wanted t visit.
Rme, which is the capital f Italy, has a very lng histry.
2. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略, 非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不可省略。that, why 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
Trnt is a city (that) I've always wanted t visit.
He lent me a dictinary, which was just what I needed.
3. 限制性定語從句中which指代先行詞，非限制性定語從句which除了指代先行詞，還可以指代整個主句。
The five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages, which surprises all the peple present.
4. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時并作從句賓語的關(guān)系代詞whm可以用wh來代替；但在非限制性定語從句中，whm就不能用wh替換。
This is the girl whm/wh I met in the street.The yung man had a new girlfriend, whm he liked very much.
as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:
1. Which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后, 而 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首，句末或句中。
Laura culdn't cme t ur party, which was a pity.
Einstein, as is knwn t us all, is a famus scientist.
2. which常譯作“這”; 而as常譯作“正如”.
Our team wn the game , which makes us s happy.
As we had expected, the by has made much prgress.
I have a classmate called Kathy, aunt is my frmer English teacher. Kathy is a girl is easy t get alng with and we all like her. Kathy tk the first place in the Speech Cntest, made her teacher very happy. The New Year is cming, Kathy will g t Hngkng tgether with her mther. we all knw, Hngkng is a shpping paradise, Kathy intends t buy all that she needs.
As 常用短語 as is ften the case as we expectedas ften happens as is knwn t allas has been said befre as is mentined abve
1. 什么是定語從句？它有什么作用？2. 什么是先行詞？3.什么是關(guān)系詞 ？分為幾類？有哪些？4.定語從句的位置及譯法。5. 什么是限制性定語從句和非限定性定語從句？
1. 概念及作用2. 先行詞3.關(guān)系詞及作用4.位置及譯法5. 類型及區(qū)別
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞 或代詞的從句叫定語從句
被定語從句所修飾的詞。
關(guān)系代詞 /關(guān)系副詞 , 引導(dǎo)句子以及子句子中做成分。
先行詞 之后，“….的”
限制性定語從句：修飾限定性強(qiáng)，無逗號；非限制性定語從句：修飾限定性弱，有逗號。
1. The way ________________he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.2. He managed t achieve his gal in a way___________ was impssible.3. The way _______________he used was quite simple.
that/in which/
the way 作先行詞1.從句中缺狀語，關(guān)系詞用that, in which或不填。2.從句中缺賓語用that 、which 或不填。3.從句中缺主語用that 、which。
Tips : 當(dāng)先行詞是case, cnditin, situatin, psitin, pint, stage, degree，ccasin，state, scene等詞，表示情況、方面、處境時，從句中缺狀語時用關(guān)系副詞where或介詞+which，缺賓語或主語時用that或which.
They have reached the pint ________they have t separate with each ther.Wrrying never helps in a situatin______ yu can’t change.The plice are lking int a case ________the suspect is a cat.
where/ in which
Occasin: 時刻或場合，作狀語是表時機(jī)用when, 表場合用where.Pint:程度或時候，作狀語是表程度用where, 表時候用when.
where/at which
1. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stlen.2. The nly thing matters is t find ur way hme.3. We talked abut the things and persns ______ we saw then.4. She heard a terrible nise, brught her heart int her muth5. He paid the by $10 fr washing the windws, mst f hadn’t been cleaned fr at least a year.
1. This mrning I gt a letter frm Hu Dng, _____ said that he was ging abrad the next year. 2. This mrning I gt a letter frm Hu Dng. _____ said that he was ging abrad the next year. A. in which B. that C. which D. It
1. It was at the theater _______ Abraham Lincln was murdered. 2. It was the theater ________ Abraham Lincln was murdered.
in/at which
3. It was the theater ________ I ften visited.
3定冠詞the有時也可影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)
A:Mr Wilsn is ne f thse freigners wh_____interested in Chinese Medicine. B:Mr. Wilsn is the ne f thse freigners wh _____ interested in Chinese medicine.

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