China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探測器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess — 61 (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 63 it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 64 (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (環(huán)形山), mre s 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it 67 (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68 (cnstruct)." Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw 69 ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 70 (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
?is cnstructed
In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 65 (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements. While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
have reprted
by nw/up t nw/ s far/ recently/ in the past/last few days
全國卷I語法填空和短文改錯考查的謂語動詞時態(tài)
1. I wait fr the bus every day.
2. I waited fr the bus yesterday.
3. Maybe I will wait fr the bus tmrrw.
4. I am waiting fr the bus at the mment.
5. I was waiting fr the bus when yu called.
6. I will be waiting fr the bus this time tmrrw.
7. I have waited fr the bus many times this week.
8. I have been waiting fr the bus since 9 ’clck..
9. I had waited fr the bus befre I tk a taxi.
10. I had been waiting fr the bus fr an hur when it finally arrived..
英語中的動詞時態(tài)有十六種,表示不同時間的動作及動作完成的程度。以d為例,如下表所示:
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作、狀態(tài)或者主語目前的特征、性格或能力。
e.g. I g t schl n ft every day. Miss?White?speaks?Chinese?very?well.
2. 表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或用在格言警句中。e.g. Shanghai lies in the east f China. 3. 一些位移動詞如:g, cme, leave, start, mve, arrive 等用于一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按規(guī)定、時間表、計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作。通常有表示將來的時間狀語。e.g. The train leaves at five.
4. 以Here或 There開頭的句子,說明正在發(fā)生的動作,常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 e.g. Here cmes the bus! 5. 表示心理和認(rèn)知類動作的常見動詞,常用一般現(xiàn)在時,如:like, lve, hate, dislike, want, need, hear, feel, see等。 e.g. The cup feels ht.
1. 表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) Bb came acrss an ld friend in the street the ther day.
2. 表示過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作、行為,也可以用 used t d 來表達(dá)“過去常?!钡母拍?。e.g. Tny used t smke a cigarette after dinner.
3. 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作或平行并列的動作。e.g. She entered the rm, picked up a magazine and read it.
My father wrked there fr three years.He finished his paper during that perid.
一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài),也可表示傾向和習(xí)慣性。
1. will / shall + 動詞原形e.g. I shall / will be frty years ld next year.
2. be ging t + 動詞原形 (1) 表示(事先)已經(jīng)決定或安排好要做的事。 e.g. I am ging t d sme washing tmrrw. (2) 表示現(xiàn)在有跡象預(yù)示某事即將肯定或很可能發(fā)生(和個人的意志無關(guān))。 e.g. Lk at the cluds! It is ging t rain.
e.g. Tmrrw will be Sunday. Fish will die withut water.
4. be abut t + 動詞原形表示即將發(fā)生,正要做某事。常和 when引導(dǎo)的句子連用 We were abut t leave when it began t rain.
3. be t + 動詞原形 (1) 表示按計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。 e.g. She is t be married next mnth. (2) 表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等,應(yīng)該做某事,必須做某事。e.g. Yu are t be back by 9 ’clck ( = must / have t ). Yu are t reprt t the plice ( = shuld / ught t ).
表示從過去的某時間看將要發(fā)生的事情,通常用于賓語從句中。e.g. He tld me he wuld g t Beijing the next day.
2. 表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作 Whenever he had time, he wuld help his mther with the husewrk.
1. wuld + 動詞原形
2. was ging t + 動詞原形 e.g. He was ging t leave when I came in.
1. 表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作。 e.g. They are playing table tennis nw. 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作(但說話時未必在進(jìn)行) e.g. I hear Mr. Green is writing a nvel these days.
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever等頻度副詞連用,表示贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等感情色彩。 e.g. Tm is always thrwing things abut. 4. 一些位移動詞如:g, cme, leave, start, mve, arrive 等用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作。通常有表示將來的時間狀語。 e.g. He is leaving tmrrw.
1. 表示過去某一時間點(diǎn)或一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。 如:He was reading a nvel at 9 ’clck yesterday mrning. 2. 表示過去的某個動作發(fā)生的背景。 如:My brther fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 3. 與always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever等頻度副詞連用,表示贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等感情色彩。 e.g. Tm was always lsing his keys.
進(jìn)行時使用的注意事項(xiàng):
1. be動詞后跟表示活動、行為類的形容詞作表語時,如果用于進(jìn)行時,表示“短暫的行為或狀態(tài)”。 I wasn’t sure if he was really interested r if he was just being plite. (出于禮貌假裝感興趣)2. 英語中通常有五類動詞不適宜用進(jìn)行時態(tài):(1) 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞。如:lve, hate, like, care, prefer等。(2) 表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞或短語。如:appear, exist, stand, seem, belng t等。(3) 某些非延續(xù)性動詞。如:accept, allw, cmplete, decide, receive等。(4) 感官動詞。如:see, hear, ntice, feel, sund等。(5) 表示占有與從屬類動詞。如:belng, cntain, have, wn, frm等。
1. 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“現(xiàn)在”的情況,表示已完成,因此不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用) e.g. They have arrived. 2. 表示從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 e.g. He has lived here fr ten years. 3. 用于時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時會完成的動作。 e.g. I’ll g hme when I have finished my hmewrk.
My father wrked there fr three years. (fr+時間段也可用于過去時)He finished his paper during that perid.
在完成時中,終止性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時需要將終止性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或者狀態(tài)動詞。如: Jim has left Jinan fr 3 years. Jim has been away frm Jinan fr 3 years.
延續(xù)動詞:能夠延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài),如live, wrk, study, learn, sleep等, 可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用, 比如fr+時間段,since+過去的時間點(diǎn)等。 如:I have wrked in this cmpany fr mre than twenty years. 非延續(xù)動詞:短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這類動詞有: g, cme, arrive, leave, begin, start, jin, marry 等,它不能和一段時間連用。
1. 表示將來某一時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 如:Tm’s family will be enjying their hliday this time next week. 2. 表示一種客觀上要發(fā)生的情況,可以表示計(jì)劃、安排或預(yù)測。如:After yu take the medicine, yu will be feeling much better. (表示預(yù)測) Please cme tmrrw afternn. I’ll be having a meeting tmrrw mrning. (表示計(jì)劃安排) The train wn’t be leaving until ne ’clck.
1. 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間里一直在進(jìn)行某動作,動作可能剛剛終止,也可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。如:It has been raining all day. → It has rained all day. (這種情況下現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時可以和現(xiàn)在完成時換用。) He has read the bk. (“讀書”的動作已經(jīng)完成,結(jié)束了。) He has been reading the bk. (“讀書”的動作還在進(jìn)行著。)
1. 表示過去的某個時間或動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)。(過去的過去) 如:By the end f last term, we had learned 5,000 new wrds. 2. 表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時間,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作,常和fr, since構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。 By the time I left the schl, he had taught the class fr 3 years. He said he had made great prgress since he came here.3. 表示原打算做但事實(shí)上并未做成某事,常見的動詞有hpe, want, intend, plan, expect, think等,是一種虛擬用法。 如:I had intended t see yu, but I gt a bad cld.
構(gòu)成:助動詞had+過去分詞
4.用在 “It was the first/secnd/third…time that…” e.g. It was the first time we had spken tgether.
5. 用于虛擬語氣表示過去事實(shí)相反。If he had seen yu yesterday, he wuld have asked yu abut it.I shuld have called yu if I had knwn yur telephne number.
將來完成時態(tài)表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。 e.g. By the end f next year, we will have learned 2000 English wrds.
My cusin Ted_____ (like)watching TV very much in the past. When Tracy’s hair was falling ut after her treatment fr cancer, Jenny _______ (want)t d smething t help. She knew Tracy ________ (d) nt like being the nly ne withut hair.The cmputer can even help us d sme shpping nline, have a chat and _______ (make)friends with strengers. Since it ________ (appear), ur life has becme much easier than befre.
謂語動詞時態(tài)的判斷應(yīng)該注意:
本句時間詞,主從句的時態(tài),上下句時態(tài)。
6 .He always _____ (g) t schl by bus.
7.The earth _____(be) rund.
8.(2010 ) Jim,my clse friend,mved t Beijing years ag,and I__________ him since then.( see)
9. I ______ (make)sme new friends during the hliday.
10.(2018廣東)It is said that the number f frest parks in Guangdng_______ (increase)t mre than 1000 s far.
has increased

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