人教版 (2019)必修第三冊Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations優(yōu)秀精練-試卷下載-教習網

?Using Language & Other Parts
目標導航

重點詞匯
1． adv.主要地；一般地
2． vi.&vt.迅速離開；逃跑
3． n．[usually pl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況
4． n．流；流動；流暢；供應 vi.流；流動
5． n．圖表 vt.記錄；制定計劃
6． vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在
7． vt.推斷；推定
8． n．理論；學說
9． n．天才；天資；天賦
10． n．專利；專利證書；獲得專利 adj.有專利的；受專利保護的
11． n．酷愛；激情
12． adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
13． n．(教育、專業(yè)等)機構；機構建筑
14． n．上唇的胡子；髭
15． n．個性；特點；怪異的性質
16． vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
17． n．教授
18． n．方法；技巧；裝置；儀器
19． vi.總結；概括 n．金額；款項；總數；總和
20． n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草擬
詞匯拓展
21．conclusion n．結論；推論→ vt.推斷出；得出結論；使結束 vi.結束；終止
22．politician n．從政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治→ adj.政治的；黨派的
23．relativity n．相對論；相對性→ adj.相對的→ adv.相對地→ n．親屬①
24．gentle adj.溫柔的；文靜的→ adv.輕輕地；溫和地→ n．溫順；親切
25．gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地→ adj.逐漸的；平緩的
26．consequence n．結果；后果→ adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結果的
→ adv.因此；結果
27．remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的→ n．言論；評論→ adv.顯著地；非常地②
重點詞組
1．由于
2．能夠
3．實際上，事實上
4．冒生命危險
5．拿起；接受；開始從事
6．開始)掌權；上臺
7．結果
8．擔任；任職
9．總結；概括
重點句型
1．who引導定語從句
Albert Einstein， in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.
阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦，也許是現代物理學中最偉大的科學家，通常被認為是有史以來最聰明的人之一。
2．狀語從句的省略
，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
當(愛因斯坦)在那里工作時，出于對知識的強烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學習，在1905年獲得了物理學博士學位。
3．as though/if
He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end
.
他留著濃密的小胡子和長長的白發(fā)，有時頭發(fā)豎立著，好像剛挨了電擊似的。
4．how引導賓語從句
There is even a story about who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.
甚至還有一個故事，講的是他如何幫助一個小女孩，這個女孩敲了他的門，請求他幫她做家庭作業(yè)。
5．It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...
On 18 April 1955， Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955年4月18日，據報道，愛因斯坦去世了，全世界都為失去這位杰出的科學家而哀悼。

知識精講

原文呈現
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.He made numerous① contributions to the world，the most well－known being the general theory of relativity② and the famous formula③ E＝mc2【1】．Einstein was not only a genius④；he was a courageous⑤and kind figure loved by many people.
【1】畫線部分為獨立主格結構，being的邏輯主語為the most well－known(contributions)。
This gentle⑥ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.When he was 16，he tried to enter university⑦ in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam⑧，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900【2】．
【2】此處為現在分詞短語作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。
After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent⑨ office.While working there【3】，out of⑩ a strong passion? for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate? in physics in 1905.That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary? physics papers.Following this，he gradually? became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter? research full－time at a university.In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric? effect.
【3】此處為“連詞＋現在分詞”構成的省略結構，將句子補全為While he was working there。
Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power? in Germany.Einstein，who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions? closed to him【4】．As a consequence?，he had to flee Germany.After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position? as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.Following that，he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
【4】畫線部分為“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構，closed to him是過去分詞短語作賓語補足語。
To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd－looking but kind and funny man.He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock【5】．Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends’ birthdays.But despite his peculiarities，he was loved by his friends and neighbours.There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework【6】．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions，he finally started saying，“Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”
【5】此處為which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾long white hair，which在從句中作主語。在該定語從句中，as though引導的方式狀語從句用了虛擬語氣，謂語為had done(表示與過去事實相反的情況)。
【6】畫線部分為how引導的賓語從句，作介詞about的賓語。賓語從句中又包含一個who引導的定語從句，修飾a little girl，who在從句中作主語。
On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
課文譯文
改變了我們對
宇宙認知的人
阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦也許是現代物理學中最偉大的科學家，他經常被認為是有史以來最聰明的人之一。他為世界做出了許多貢獻，最為知名的是廣義相對論和著名的E＝mc2公式。愛因斯坦不僅是一位天才，也是一位勇敢善良的人物，受到許多人的喜愛。
這位溫和的天才于1879年3月14日出生在德國。16歲時，他試圖考入瑞士的大學，盡管在數學和物理上取得了優(yōu)異的成績，但由于其入學考試的綜合部分分數很低而失敗。他又學習了一年，設法通過了考試，1896年考入大學，1900年畢業(yè)。
在找了兩年的教師工作后，愛因斯坦找了一份在瑞士專利局做文書的工作。在那里工作期間，出于對知識的熱愛，他繼續(xù)學習，于1905年獲得物理學博士學位。同年，也就是后來被記錄為科學奇跡的那一年，他發(fā)表了四篇卓越的物理學論文。此后，他逐漸成為舉世聞名的新艾薩克·牛頓。四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，在一所大學開始從事全職研究。1922年，他因解釋光電效應被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學獎。
1933年希特勒在德國上臺后，形勢發(fā)生了變化。身為一個猶太人，愛因斯坦發(fā)現學術機構的大門對他緊閉。因此，他不得不逃離德國。在歐洲待了一段時間后，他最終在美國的普林斯頓高等研究所擔任研究員。之后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數學領域取得了巨大成就。
在公眾看來，他是一個外表略顯古怪但又和藹可親、風趣幽默的人。他胡須濃密，有時長長的白發(fā)挺立，就好像他剛遭了電擊。他雖然是個天才，但有時會忘記一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。他盡管有怪異之處，但還是受到朋友和鄰居們的喜愛。甚至有個故事，講述了他如何幫助一個上門請求他幫助做家庭作業(yè)的小女孩。事實上，愛因斯坦經常在街上遇到一些人，他們會攔住他，讓他幫忙解釋一些事情。經過很多次這樣的情況后，他終于開始說：“對不起！對不起！我總是被誤認為愛因斯坦教授！”
據報道，1955年4月18日愛因斯坦去世，全世界都為一位杰出科學家離世所帶來的巨大損失而哀悼。

知識點01 Did you come to any conclusions？你得出結論了嗎？
conclusion n．結論；結束
※reach/arrive at/draw/come to a conclusion得出結論
in conclusion＝to conclude總之，最后
make a conclusion下結論
※conclude v．結束；推斷出，斷定
conclude...from...從……中推斷出……
conclude (from sth.) that...(從某事中)推斷出……；(從某事中)斷定……
conclude...with.../by doing...以……結束……

(1)He the film Wolf Warrior Ⅱ was well worth seeing.
他得出結論：電影《戰(zhàn)狼2》很值得一看。
(2)What can we conclude the conversation?
我們能從這次談話中得出什么結論？
(3)He concluded his speech a famous saying.
他用一句著名的諺語結束了演講。
(4)Without enough evidence，we can’t .沒有充分的證據，我們不能下結論。
知識點2 He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.他對世界做出了很大的貢獻，其中最著名的是廣義相對論和著名的公式E＝mc2。
contribution n．貢獻；捐款；捐贈
※make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.為(做)某事作出貢獻
※contribute v．貢獻；捐獻，捐助；投稿
contribute to為……作貢獻；有助于；促成
contribute...to...把……貢獻給……；為……捐款；向……投稿

(1)Everyone should the environment.
每個人都應為保護環(huán)境作出貢獻。
(2)Regular exercise will your health.
有規(guī)律的鍛煉會有助于你的健康。
(3)He has a number of articles to the magazine.
他已給這家雜志社撰寫了許多文章。
(4)Reading English every morning will contribute to (improve) your oral English.
每天早晨朗讀英語對你提高英語口語有很大的幫助。
general adj.一般的；普通的 n．將軍
※in general總的來說，通常(相當于generally)
as a general rule一般而言；通常，總之
※generally adv.一般地；通常地
generally speaking一般而言

(5)Meanwhile，with her parents’ help，Moore is able to live a normal teenage life.
同時，在父母的幫助下，摩爾基本上可以過正常的青少年生活。
(6) ，parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.一般來說，父母關心孩子的健康勝過關心自己的健康。
(7) ，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
但總的來說，在當今文化交融的世界，學習不同國家的習俗肯定能幫助我們避免交往中的困難！
知識點3 Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年，當希特勒在德國掌權時，情況發(fā)生了變化。
come to power上臺，當權(表示動作，不能和一段時間連用)
※power n．能力；力量；權力；職權；政權；電力供應
be in power掌權，執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài)，可以和一段時間連用)
have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/權力
beyond/out of one’s power某人力所不能及的
※powerful adj.強有力的

(1)There was a time when the little girl lost the of speech.
有一段時間這個小女孩不能說話。
(2)Could you tell me when the new president ?
你能告訴我新總統(tǒng)是什么時候上臺的嗎？
(3)She had the power (control) the situation.她有能力控制局面。
(4)I am sorry it’s my power to make such a decision.對不起，我無權做此決定。
(5)This kind of animals has some (power) teeth.這種動物有強大的牙齒。
知識點4 As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.結果，他不得不逃離德國。
as a consequence＝in consequence結果；因此
※consequence n．結果；后果；影響
as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的緣故
※consequent adj.作為結果的；隨之發(fā)生的
※consequently adv.所以；因此；結果

(1)It rained yesterday. ，the match was cancelled.
昨天下雨了，結果比賽被取消了。
(2)The warming of the earth and the climatic changes affect us all.
地球變暖以及隨之發(fā)生的氣候變化影響著我們所有人。
(3) a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.
由于一場大火，這個房子被完全燒毀了。
(4)My car broke down and (consequent) I was late.
我的汽車拋錨了，結果，我遲到了。
知識點5 After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.在歐洲待了一段時間后，他最終在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院擔任研究員。
take up拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(時間、空間等)
[一詞多義]　寫出下列句子中take up的漢語意思
(1)In fact，surfing the Internet takes up most of her time.
(2)The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.
(3)Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take in收留(某人)；吸收；領會，理解；欺騙；包括
take off(飛機等)起飛；脫下；成功，成名；(突然)離開；休假
take on呈現；雇用；承擔
take over接管
take out取出，切除，摘除

(4)The city has been developing very fast and it has a new look.
這個城市發(fā)展很快，呈現出新的面貌。
(5)The young man the company when his father is old.
這個年輕人會在父親年紀大時接管這個公司。
[聯想拓展]　常見的“動詞＋up”型短語還有：
①put up修建；舉起；張貼
②go up上升，上漲
③turn up出現；把聲音調大
④bring up提出；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐
⑤give up放棄
知識點6 Apart from his remarkable achievements，what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life？除了他卓越的成就，關于愛因斯坦的生活，這篇文章還告訴了我們什么？
remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的；不尋常的
※be remarkable for以……著稱
※remark n．談論；言論；評述 vt.& vi.談論；評論；說起
make a remark/remarks on/upon對……發(fā)表意見
remark that...評論……，說……
remark on/upon談論/評論……
※remarkably adv.不尋常地

(1)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more .
所有這些使得無家可歸的湯姆·史密斯的行為更加不尋常了。
(2)These cars are (remark) for the quietness of their engines.
這些汽車因為發(fā)動機的聲音小而著名。
(3)My life improved (remark) when I discovered art.
我發(fā)現了藝術后，我的生活有了顯著的改善。
(4)Don’t her appearance.
不要對她的外表發(fā)表粗魯的評論。
(5)The editor the article was well written.
編輯評論說那篇文章寫得很好。
知識點7 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.當(愛因斯坦)在那里工作時，出于對知識的強烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學習，在1905年獲得了物理學博士學位。
句中While working there是狀語從句的省略結構，完整句為：While he was working there。
狀語從句的省略條件：
※當主句的主語和從句的主語一致且從句中含有be動詞的某種形式，這時可以將從句的主語和be動詞一起省略；
※如果從句的主語是it，且從句中含有be動詞，這時也可以將it和be動詞一起省略。

(1) at the bus stop，she met the famous editor.
她在車站等車時，遇到了那位著名的主編。
(2) about a new topic，it is important to collect facts and figures.
當學習一個新話題時，收集事實和數據是很重要的。
(3)When (ask) about the accident，the man kept silent.
當被問到這起事故時，這個男人保持了沉默。
(4)Please give me a phone .
必要時你可以給我打電話。
(5)I will go to see my teachers this summer .
如果可能的話，今年夏天我將去看望我的老師。
知識點8 He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他留著濃密的小胡子和長長的白發(fā)，有時頭發(fā)豎立著，好像剛挨了電擊似的。
as though/if，意為“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系動詞之后引導表語從句。as though/if還可引導方式狀語從句。若as though/if從句描述非現實情況，則用虛擬語氣。
※當從句表示與現在事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用一般過去時(be動詞一般用were)；
※當從句表示與過去事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用過去完成時(had＋過去分詞)；
※當從句表示與將來事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。
注意：若從句描述的情況發(fā)生的可能性很大，則不用虛擬語氣。

(1)He talked to every corner of the world but in fact he had never left his village.他談論著，好像他到過世界的每一個角落?？蓪嶋H上他從沒離開過村子。
(2)It seems as if he (know) everything，but in reality，he is stupid.
看起來他似乎是個萬事通，其實他很蠢。
(3)It seems the first one here.
看起來我是第一個到這里的。
(4)The young man with long hair looks as if he (be) a woman.
那個長頭發(fā)的男青年看上去好像是個女的。
知識點9 On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，據報道，愛因斯坦去世了，全世界都為失去這位杰出的科學家而哀悼。
※本句屬于“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...”，其中that引導主語從句，it是形式主語。
※It is believed that...人們相信……
It is said that...據說……
It is thought that...人們認為……
It is reported that...據報道……
It is known that...眾所周知……
※上述句型可改為sb./sth.is believed/said/thought/...to do/to be doing/to have done，根據動詞不定式和謂語動詞之間的時間關系來確定使用不定式的一般式、進行式還是完成式。

(1) this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有很強的語言天賦和說服力。
(2) eating too much sugar does harm to our health.
人們認為，吃糖太多對健康有害。
(3) you will come back together.
人們期望你們一起回來。
(4) eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against illness.
已經證實，小時候多吃蔬菜有助于保護你免受疾病的困擾。
[句型轉換]
(5)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.(改為簡單句)
→John one of the best teachers in the school.
分層提分

題組A 基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．The patient is (逐漸地) recovering from the operation.
2．She was satisfied，for her son had obtained two (專利) on an invention.
3．According to the of relativity，nothing can travel faster than light.
4．University both teach and undertake research.
5．He played with such great (熱情) that no one could compare with him.
6．The boy had an imagination that gave him the ability to explore future world.
Ⅱ.選詞填空

7．，I am quite satisfied with the result.
8．It is said that black more heat than white.
9．She should convince him of his stupid decisions.
10．Most of them turned up on time；only Tom arrived late due to the traffic jam.
11．He made a big mistake，and，，he lost his job.
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
12．They get together regularly to sum their work.
13．Don’t make remarks others’ private affairs.
14．This is the total cost of your trip，taking everything .
15．Young people have made a great (contribute) to China’s economic development.
16．The rain was heavy yesterday and (consequent) the roads were flooded.
17．As soon as he came power，he had the rule abolished at once.
18．As time went by，she understood her mother (gradual)．
19．This river is three times longer than that one， (flow) across 11 provinces.
Ⅳ.單句寫作
20．你能告訴我怎樣去公園嗎？(疑問詞＋不定式)
?
21．過馬路時，他被車撞了。(狀語從句的省略)
.
22．據報道，三分之一的市民打算買車。(It＋is＋過去分詞＋that)
.
23．看這些云！看起來好像天要下雨了。(as if)
.
24．在路上他趕上了大雨，結果他上班遲到了。(as a consequence)
.

題組B 能力提升練
Student loan(貸款) debt has become a worldwide problem.In America，the country’s overall student debt reached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2019.The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000.A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010.Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt.One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers，making higher education a requirement for many jobs.The students，however，after graduation，often find that their country’s economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs，so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.
To solve the problem，many countries are seeking their ways.Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year.In America，several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be.They found that，overall，sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers’ lives.Not only did they have more money，but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.
Yet the professors’ research doesn’t include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven.It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers.They warn of some other possible negative effects.If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief，then he might actually become more reckless(輕率的) with his borrowing in the future.
No matter what，the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief，the neediest students should be helped first.
1．How does the author introduce the problem of student loan?
A．By making a comparison.
B．By making classifications.
C．By presenting some statistics.
D．By setting down general rules.
2．What can we learn about student loan debt relief?
A．It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.
B．It has already been carried out in the United States.
C．It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.
D．It will prevent a person from landing a well-paying job.
3．What is the professors’ attitude to debt forgiveness?
A．Uncaring. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.
B．Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.
C．Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.
D．People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.

題組C 培優(yōu)拔尖練
As the coronavirus outbreak continues，many Americans are fearful of using public transportation.They are also looking for ways to get exercise without having to go to a gym，as well as ways to enjoy the outdoors. 1
In the United States，bicycles at big stores like Walmart have sold out.And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles：the low-cost，easy-to-ride models.
The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s.The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. 2 All bicycle sales，including those for children，are up 100 percent from the year before.
3 Cities like Manila in the Philippines and Rome，Italy have created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation.In London，city officials plan to bar cars from some central roads.
Of course，you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one bicycle.In the U．S.，the shortages now mean it may take many months to get one. 4 The U．S.buys 90 percent of its bicycles from China.Bicycle factories there were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19.
In Bar Harbor，Maine，Brian Smith bought a new bicycle for one of his daughters.She is a competitive swimmer who could not get to the pool to practice.His family now goes for rides several times a day.Bicycling helps them all get exercise and enjoy the fresh air. 5 “It’s fun.Maybe that’s the bottom line.It’s really fun to ride bikes，” Smith said.
A．But what’s the biggest reason why they go on rides?
B．High demand is not the only reason for the shortage.
C．Then who has benefited greatest from riding bikes?
D．The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the United States.
E．In April，the sale of bicycles for adults increased 200 percent in the United States.
F．However，no bicycles have been imported from abroad like China since the end of last year.
G．So，it may not be surprising that the pandemic(流行病) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.

相關試卷

相關試卷更多

相關試卷

相關試卷 更多

相關試卷更多