牛津譯林版 (2019)選擇性必修 第一冊(cè)Grammar and usage教學(xué)ppt課件

這是一份牛津譯林版 (2019)選擇性必修 第一冊(cè)Grammar and usage教學(xué)ppt課件，共41頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了Lead-in，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜述，active，passive等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
Explring the rules
Wh is Shelley?
Percy Bysshe Shelley(August 4, 1792-July 22, 1822)was ne f the majr English Rmantic pets and is widely cnsidered t be amng the finest lyric pets(抒情詩(shī)人) f the English language.
Read the intrductin n page 48 and fill in the table belw.
A Explring the rules
cultural mvement
painters, musicians, nvelists
break with the ideals
the lve f nature
William Wrdswrth, Samuel Taylr Cleridge Gerge Grdn Byrn and Percy Bysshe Shelley
natural and cuntry life.
the greatest treasures in Western literature.
G thrugh the intrductin again and cmplete the table.
..., celebrating the beauty f nature and cuntry life became a cmmn theme in Rmantic petry.
Rmantic pets were ften nt pleased with they were nt always interested in ...
... they refused t fllw rigid rules; , they advcated ging back t nature.
G thrugh the intrductin again and cmplete the table
..., peple were made t wrk lng hurs.
... a prcess called industrializatin
Explring the wrld f emtin and shwing the beauty f nature, ...
Wrking ut the rules
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有一般體、進(jìn)行體、完成體和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但是可以作謂語(yǔ)之外的其他成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
Observe the fllwing sentences and guess the differences.
Smking is frbidden here.Cllecting stamps is his hbby.Teaching children music is her wrk.Driving a car during the rush hur is tiring.T visit Australia is my next gal.It is harmful fr yu t smke s much.I like swimming,but I dn’t like t swim n such a cld day.
前者指習(xí)慣愛(ài)好，后者指一次性行為
不定式通常表示具體的，一次性行為或者將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，表示帶有目的性的未完成的事情。；
動(dòng)名詞通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示習(xí)慣，愛(ài)好，職業(yè)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)等；
不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)：動(dòng)作本身；
一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。
1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)的特征及分析
I want t have a rest.We wuld like t aplgize fr the delay.Everyne hpes t win.They determined t start early.
2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)的特征及分析
1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承認(rèn)、否認(rèn)、放棄、完成、結(jié)束”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。在邏輯上，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。
She admitted driving the car withut insurance.He gave up teaching teaching three years ag.I was trying t quit smking at the time.
以上例句說(shuō)明，動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)存在或發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞實(shí)際上表示對(duì)“已然事件”的處置。
2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“允許、禁止、介意、反對(duì)、避免、阻止、延誤、推遲、錯(cuò)過(guò)、冒險(xiǎn)”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與后面動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：allw,permit,frbid,ban,prhibit,mind,ppse,avid,eacape,prevent,delat,put ff,pstpne,miss,risk等。
We dn’t allw making nise here,s yu shuld keep quiet.The rules f the club d nt permit smking.The gvernment banned hunting in the muntains.I wuld ppse changing the law.He delayed telling her the news,waiting fr the right mment.Wmen wh put ff having a baby ften make the best mthers.
3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“思考、想象、幻想、預(yù)期”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：cnsider,image,fancy,anticipate等。動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“考慮做某事”是“考慮”的對(duì)象，做不做某事是“考慮”的直接賓語(yǔ)，而不是目的。
We’re cnsidering buying a new car.She imagined walking int the ffice and handing in her resignatin.She was 84 years ld and I asked her if she fancied living anther 16 years.
4)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“承受、忍受、抵御、禁不住”意義時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有bear,stand,resist,can’t help等。動(dòng)名詞也是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。比如：“經(jīng)受住誘惑”是指“誘惑”是“經(jīng)受”的對(duì)象，“經(jīng)受”的直接賓語(yǔ)。
He can’t bear being laught at.He culdn’t resist shwing ff his new car.I can’t help feeling srry fr the pr man.
綜上所述： 不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示“未然事件”，是將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示主觀意愿。 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或表示“已然事件”，在時(shí)間上早于動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；或表示“未然事件”,與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)開始并同時(shí)結(jié)束，動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的直接受事者。
注意：有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式意義差別很大。
frget t d sth.frget ding sth.remember t d sth.remember ding sth.regret t d sth.regret ding sth.stp t d sth.stp ding sth.
mean t d sth.mean ding sth.try t d sth.try ding sth.can’t help t d sth.can’t help ding sth.
g n t d sth.g n ding sth.
做完某事接著做另一件事
三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
1.表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作，尤其是將來(lái)的或者有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為，一般用不定式作表語(yǔ)。
My jb this evening is t lk after the baby fr her.All I want t d nw is t drink sme water.
2.表示習(xí)慣性行為、愛(ài)好、職業(yè)等，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是說(shuō)明事件的名稱或內(nèi)容，一般用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)。
My hbby is cllecting ancient cins.Her part-time jb is teaching yga in a schl.
3.表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，令人在情緒上發(fā)生變化，譯為“令人怎樣”，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語(yǔ)；表示主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)的感受，譯為“感覺(jué)怎樣”，通常用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。 分詞作表語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是形容詞作表語(yǔ)，這是的分詞叫做分詞形容詞。
The result f the game was disappinting.The children were very disturbing.I was disappinted at this decisin.The child was frightened t see the dg.
四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
1.不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞后面。
Have yu gt anything t d this evening?My next aim t achieve is t earn a lt f mney and buy my parents a big huse.
2.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示事物的用途或作用，放在被修飾詞前面?？梢杂胒r ding 替換，作后置定語(yǔ)。
a writing desk=a desk fr writing a reading rm=a rm fr reading a hiding place= a place fr hiding
3.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)的，通常表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作； 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的，通常表示已完成的動(dòng)作。
the waiting jurnalistsa disappinting resultthe plluted waterexcited childrenthe jurnalists waiting in the hallthe water plluted by the factry.
單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)，往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞的后面。
注意：現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
區(qū)別兩者的重要標(biāo)志：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示“主謂關(guān)系”，動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示“用途關(guān)系”。
drinking water=water fr drinkingbiling water=water that is bilinga sleeping car= a car fr sleepinga sleeping by=a by wh is sleeping
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示水的用途
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，至水發(fā)出的動(dòng)作
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示車廂的用途
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，指男孩發(fā)出的動(dòng)作
4.t be dne, being dne,dne作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
t be dne 表示“即將被做”
being dne表示“正在被做”
dne表示“已經(jīng)被做”
The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.The meeting being held nw is f great imprtance.The meeting held yesterday is f great imprtance.
五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別
不定式說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，側(cè)重整個(gè)過(guò)程或結(jié)果；
現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行；
過(guò)去分詞表示賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)且已經(jīng)完成。
I have seen Milla grw up frm childhd,s I knw her quite well.Sme students last saw Reed playing near an Internet bar.They want t see this matter settled immediately.
六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
1.不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
I wke up in the mrning (nly) t find the utside wrld greatly changed.The heavy rain lasted a week,flding tw-thirds f the land.
不定式多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，此時(shí)不定式前可加上nly進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，還常見(jiàn)于,句式中；現(xiàn)在分詞表示一種順其自然的結(jié)果，即前句是分詞動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。
2.dne,being dne,having been dne作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
表示伴隨可用being dne，但是一般被dne代替。
having been dne往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或表示原因。如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或原因，則直接用dne.
Brandn was running alng the path,(being) fllwed by a dg.布蘭登沿小路跑著，后面跟著一條狗。
Led by the lcal guide,they had n difficulty reaching their destinatin.在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下，他們毫不費(fèi)力地到達(dá)了目的地。
Brught up in his hmetwn,he knws little abut the utside wrld.在家鄉(xiāng)被扶養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)外面的世界了解的很少。
Having been well tended fr half a year,my granny became far better.被精心照料了半年之后，我奶奶的情況好多了。
The t-infinitive ften refers t an actin that will happen in the future; the verb-ing frm, a cntinuing actin; and the verb-ed frm, a past actin.Generally speaking, the verb-ing frm expresses a(n) (1) ________ (active/passive) meaning, while the verv-ed frm expresses a(n) (2) ________ (active/passive) meaning.
The t-infinitive can be used as the (3) ________ f a sentence.The verb-ing frm can be used as the (4) _______ f a sentence.The verb-ed frm can be used as the (5) ________ f a sentence.*Yu can chse mre than ne answer fr each blank. a subject c bject e attributive b predicative d cmpement f adverbial
a,b,c,d,e,f
Applying the rules
Rewrite the fllwing sentences using t-infinitive, verb-ing r verb-ed frms.
1. Rmantic pets experimented with new petic frms. They were particularly interested in it. Rmantic pets were particularly ______________________________________________.
interested in experimenting with new petic frms
2. Rmantic pets ften mentined the effect f beauty n the pet’s imaginatin when they described natural scenes. Rmantic pets ften mentined the effect f beauty n the pet’s imaginatin when ________________________. 3. Pems that fcus n nature ften stress the mment f inspiratin. Pems __________________ ften stress the mment f inspiratin.
describing natural scenes
fcusing n nature
4. Many Rmantic pems are filled with descriptins f magic and ancient themes, and cntain rich sensry details. _______________________________________________, many Rmantic pems cntain rich sensry details. 5. Since Rmantic pets were highly clurful and independent individuals, finding cncerns cmmn t all f them is smetimes difficult. Since Rmantic pets were all highly clurful and independent individuals, it is smetimes difficult _______________________ _______________.
Filled with descriptins f magic and ancient themes
t all f them
t find cncerns cmmn
Brn in 1770, William Wrdswrth was ne f the (1)?_________ (lead) pets f the Rmantic mvement in England. (2)?_________ (grw) up in the beautiful Lake District, Wrdswrth had a childhd that was perfect fr a develping pet. (3)?__________ (educate) at Cambridge, Wrdswrth received his degree in 1791. He spent a lt f time (4)?________ (tur) in Eurpe.
Belw is an article abut the English pet William Wrdswrth. Cmplete the article with the crrect t-infinitive, verb-ing r verb-ed frms f the verbs in the brackets.
Travelling bviusly prvided Wrdswrth with plenty f ideas fr his pems. In 1795, he met Samuel Taylr Cleridge and the tw talented yung men became clse friends. (5)?________ (meet) Cleridge had a huge impact n Wrdswrth. Lyrical Ballads, a cllectin f pems (6)?_______ (write) tgether with Cleridge, was Wrdswrth’s first great wrk. It was published in 1798 and marked the start f the Rmantic era in petry. Wrdswrth explained that they wanted t write petry that rdinary peple culd use (7)?___________ (express) their feelings.
Many f the pems in the cllectin were abut returning t nature. Like ther Rmantics, Wrdswrth preferred (8)?______________ (live) in the cuntry rather than in the city.
living/t live
Write abut the imprtance f reading pems. Think f at least ne reasn and give supprting details, using t-infinitives, verb-ing r verb-ed frms.
Pssible answer: Reading pems helps (t) develp deep insight int what the pet wants t express. Every pem is unique t its pet and its message might first need t be discvered befre it can be understd. A pem als represents what the pet was experiencing at that time, such as passin r srrw. When I read a pem, I want t discver and understand the pet’s message. S I ften think abut what the pet was ging thrugh at that time. Understanding the pet’s thughts and feelings pens up a whle new wrld fr me and keeps me frm getting bred.
用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式完成下面短文。
One f the wrkers in Africa’s largest wildlife preserve says the last time an elephant in the Niassa Reserve was recrded 1. ________ (kill) by a pacher (偷獵者) was n May 17, 2018.“The drastic decline in pached elephants is wed t a new rapid-interventin plice frce,” said Je Walstn, a lcal fficial.“Any ne f thse things alne isn’t ging t be successful, which is why it has taken s lng t be able 2. ________ (get) us t a pint where we’ve been able t get paching under cntrl,” Walstn tld CNN.