?2022-2023學年度下學期泉州市高中適應性英語練習
高 一 英 語
2023.05
注意事項：
1.答題前，考生須在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的位置填寫自己的準考證號、姓名?？忌鷳J真核對答題卡上粘貼的條形碼的“準考證號、姓名”與考生本人準考證號、姓名是否一致。
2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。
3.考試結束，考生須將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What event are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Snowboarding. B. Figure skating. C. Speed skating.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. In a department store. B. At a restaurant. C. At the booking office.
3. What does the woman think of the presentation?
A. Informative(提供有用信息的) B. Unique(獨特的) C. Convincing(令人信服的)
4. How much will the woman pay for the bills?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $25.
5. What will the woman do?
A. Visit the national gallery(美術館).
B. Go to the dentist.
C. Have her car repaired(修理).
第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She likes playing badminton.
B. She is a good swimmer.
C. She is on a diet.
7 What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Workmates. B. A couple. C. Coach and player.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. Why does the man talk to the woman?
A. To seek tips on using the bus system.
B. To make a plan touring around Chicago.
C. To reserve a visit to the Modern Art Museum.
9. Who is the woman?
A. A tourist guide. B. A bus driver. C. A ticket seller.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. Which of the following is Linda’s job?
A. Wrapping(包裹)fruit. B. Cleaning houses. C. Pulling weeds(拔草).
11. How does the woman find her part-time job?
A. Boring. B. Meaningful C. Enviable(令人羨慕的).
12. When will the man plant trees for his neighbours?
A. This morning. B. This weekend. C. This afternoon.
聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Hosting a workshop.
C. Attending a lecture.
14. Why did Gigi start the project?
A. To show respect to retired teachers.
B. To make retired teachers available to kids.
C. To improve teaching environment for schools.
15. What should students do at the end of each session?
A. Raise questions. B. Change groups. C. Give presentations(演示).
16. What is a challenge for Gigi’s work?
A. Language barrier(障礙). B. Network crash(崩潰). C. Staff (人員) shortage.
聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17. What do we know about Linda?
A. She taught nursing.
B. She lacked company.
C. She set up the program.
18. What made Linda and Jessy form a pair?
A. Their common interest.
B. Their work experiences.
C. Their education backgrounds.
19. How do the high school students help elderly people?
A. By reading stories.
B. By chatting with them.
C. By designing educational programs
20. What can we say about the program?
A. It is a fortune-making(發(fā)財) project.
B. It needs further improvements.
C. It is a win-win practice.
第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Earthwatch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges. Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.
Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge
Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change. Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.
Location: Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Research Station; Internet access
Food: buffet-style meals; Special diets accommodated
Amazon Riverboat Exploration
Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.
Location: Samiria River, Peru
Activity Level: Very Active
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible
Food: Chef-prepared meals
Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa
Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.
Location: Northwest Province, South Africa
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Double Rooms possible; Wilderness Camp
Food: Chef-prepared meals; Special diets accommodated
Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico
Assist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.
Location: Xochimilco, Mexico
Activity Level: Easy
Accommodations: Double Rooms possible; House Internet access
Food: Chef-prepared meals
1. What are the volunteers required to do in Canada?
A. Collect data on water quality. B. Observe Arctic’s climate change.
C. Change northern ecosystem. D. Rebuild the flooded region.
2. What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common?
A. Wildlife protection. B. Water activities.
C. Various accommodations. D. Independent research.
3. Which expedition is suitable for a beginner volunteer?
A. Amazon Riverboat Exploration.
B. Climate Change at the Arctic’s Edge.
C. Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.
D. Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇應用文。地球觀察將研究人員與志愿者配對，以解決世界上一些最緊迫的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)。文章介紹了幾項志愿者探險活動。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge部分中的“Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.(加入這項長期監(jiān)測工作，探索這些變化對北極和世界其他地區(qū)意味著什么。)”可知，在加拿大，志愿者需要觀察北極的氣候變化。故選B。
【2題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據Amazon Riverboat Exploration部分中的“Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.(在秘魯被洪水淹沒的亞馬遜地區(qū)的中心地帶，您將幫助保護河豚和猴子，并保護脆弱的南美荒野。)”和Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa部分中的“Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.(犀牛被認為扮演著“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)工程師”的重要角色。幫助科學家了解它們對環(huán)境的影響，以幫助保護和管理南非的犀牛。)”可知，秘魯和南非的探險的共同之處是野生動物保護。故選A。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico部分中的“Activity Level: Easy(活動級別：簡單)”可知，適合初學志愿者的是“保護濕地與墨西哥傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)”探險活動。故選D。
B
Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. All to carry out a seemingly impossible experiment — to prove that a massive black hole existed in our Milky Way. My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination. It was my first encounter with Andrea Ghez, one of the winners of Nobel Prize in Physics 2020.
For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. But the work has been defined by technology. Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need — analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted. Out of that effort came the first evidence of stars orbiting a black hole.
Andrea is fond of owing her success to the interaction between astronomers and engineers responding to the challenge. Science questions generate new technology and new technology generates new science. Andrea has always pioneered in this virtuous cycle (良性循環(huán)). She created UCLA Galactic Centre to promote research and technical developments.
Today, Andrea received the highest scientific recognition. But as she would be the very first to knowledge, this success represents the combined efforts of so many. From the theoretical prediction Albert Einstein, through the amazing telescopes and observatory locations, to the technical workers it is the product of thousands.
But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.
4. Why did Andrea Ghez pay the first visit to the author?
A. To appreciate a software design. B. To demand a software revision.
C. To conduct an astronomy research. D. To promote a high-tech product.
5. What has Andrea Ghez been persisting in?
A. Carrying out outer space experiment. B. Developing superspeed equipment.
C. Looking for evidence of a black hole. D. Searching for new stars in the galaxy.
6. Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghezi?
A. Pioneering and appreciative. B. Artistic and reserved.
C. Determined and disciplined. D. Innovative and controlling.
7. What does the author think of Andrea Ghez?
A. Average B. Fashionable.
C. Troublesome. D. Admirable.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述獲得2020年諾貝爾物理學獎的Andrea Ghez在研究道路上孜孜不倦和堅持不懈的精神。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Standing in my office 25 years ago was a young astronomer. She had an incredible request that my team revise our software to do something beyond our design, and risk breaking it. ”（25年前，站在我辦公室的是一位年輕的天文學家。她提出了一個令人難以置信的要求，要求我的團隊修改我們的軟件，以完成我們設計之外的事情，并冒著破壞它的風險。）可知，第一次Andrea Ghez拜訪作者是要求作者修改軟件。故選B項。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“For 25 years Andrea has been searching for evidence of a black hole at the heart of our galaxy. ”（Andrea Ghez在25年來一直在尋找銀河系中心存在黑洞的證據。）可知，Andrea Ghez堅信銀河系有黑洞并在找證據。故選C項。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“My initial "no way" gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but unshakable determination.”（面對她歡快但不可動搖的決心，我最初的“不可能”漸漸讓步了。）；第二段“ But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. ”（但她并沒有屈服，我們的團隊只是做出了改變。）可知她是一個有決心，意志堅定的人。且由文章第二段“Scientific equipment was never designed to meet Andrea's need—analyzing the image data at superspeed. But she was not to give in and our team just made the changes. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time-consuming, but Andrea persisted.”（科學設備的設計從來沒有滿足安德里亞以超高速分析圖像數據的需要。但她并沒有屈服，我們的團隊只是做出了改變。成功了！這是非常困難和耗時的，但Andrea堅持下去。）可知，她升級科學設備來證明她的理論，是嚴格遵守科研紀律的人。故選C項。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“But in my eyes, it was just one person that had the persistence and focus to make the idea happen that person is my friend and longtime colleague the one who refused to take "no" for an answer Andrea Ghez.”（但在我看來，只有一個人有毅力和專注力讓這個想法成為現實，這個人就是我的朋友和老同事，就是那個拒絕接受“不”回答的人Andrea Ghez。）可知，作者把Andrea Ghez當做朋友，言語中透露出對她的敬佩之情。故選D項。
C
Now, an increasing number of cities are suspending recycling services, partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles, food containers and boxes. One solution: Let robots do the job.
Since the coronavirus took hold in the United States last month, AMP Robotics has seen a “significant” increase in orders for its robots that use artificial intelligence to sort through recycled material, and weed out trash. Some facilities that were looking at getting one or two robots are now saying. “We need quite a bit more.” The Colorado company’s chief executive, Matanya Horowitz said , “It’s all moving quite fast.”
Before the pandemic, automation had been gradually replacing human work in a range of jobs, from call centers to warehouses and grocery stores, as companies looked to cut labor costs and improve profit.
But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation. And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.
Recycling is one industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Some workers, who earn as little as $10 an hour, have been concerned about coming to work during the crisis and some cities have been competing to find enough protective gear (防護裝備) for all of their employees. Federal health officials have assured them that the risks of transmission from household refuse is low. But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult
At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees. who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.
8. The underlined word “suspend” in paragraph 1 most probably means ________ .
A. admit B. adopt C. delay D. advocate
9. How do people feel about automation after the pandemic?
A. Panicked. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Appreciative.
10. In which aspect will robots help most in recycling industry?
A. Sorting out recycled material. B. Producing enough protective gear.
C. Replacing the jobs of cheap labor. D. Minimizing close human contact
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Robots cause severe unemployment. B. Pandemic accelerates automation.
C. Recycling industry is changing D. Social distancing is still important.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了肆虐的疫情加速了自動化的發(fā)展，智能機器人開始代替人類從事垃圾回收工作。
【8題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“partly out of fear that workers might contact the coronavirus from one another while sorting through used water bottles”可知，因為擔心工人在整理用過的水瓶、食品容器和盒子時可能會彼此接觸到冠狀病毒，所以越來越多的城市推遲了回收服務。由此推知，劃線詞與delay“推遲”意思接近。故選C。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第四段“And long-lasting worries about job losses or a broad unease about having machines control vital aspects of daily life could disappear as society sees the benefits of restructuring workplaces in ways that minimize close human contact.(隨著社會意識到以減少人類密切接觸的方式重組工作場所的好處，對失業(yè)的長期擔憂或對機器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能會消失)”可推斷，疫情過后人們在看待機器人代替人工處理工作這件事的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，即人們對自動化是贊賞的。故選D。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“But workers in recycling facilities often work side by side sorting material, making social distancing difficult.(但回收設施的工作人員經常肩并肩地整理材料，這使得保持社交距離變得困難)”以及最后一段“At AMP Robotics, executives like Mr. Horowitz say their robots will enable recycling facilities to space out their employees, who stand at conveyor belts weeding through the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Robotics公司，霍洛維茨等高管表示，他們的機器人將幫助回收機構將站在傳送帶上清理用過的塑料和紙張的員工分隔開來)”可知，機器人保證了工人之間的社交距離，極大地降低了感染病毒的風險。由此可推斷，回收產業(yè)的機器人在減少人與人之間的密切接觸方面的幫助最大。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第四段“But labor and robotics experts say social-distancing directives, which are likely to continue in some form after the crisis become less strong, could cause more industries to accelerate their use of automation.(但勞工和機器人專家表示，社交距離指令可能會導致更多行業(yè)加速使用自動化。在危機減弱后，這種指令可能會以某種形式繼續(xù)下去)”可知，文章介紹了自美國疫情肆虐以來，為降低工人感染病毒風險，很多城市不得不暫停了垃圾回收服務。然而，與此同時，AMP Robotics公司智能機器人的訂單數量卻有了顯著增長，這家公司生產的智能機器人可以幫助回收材料，并清除垃圾。因此，很多行業(yè)都加速了他們應用自動化的進程。由此可知，文章主要介紹疫情加速了自動化發(fā)展。故選B。
D
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可視化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular(分子的)sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
12. What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery?
A. It is creative. B. It can be accidental.
C. It allows failures. D. It is predictable.
13. In Dolf Weijers’s view, the artistic process_________.
A. totally differs from the scientific one
B. normally looks formal and controlled
C. offers inspiration for scientific research
D. focuses on putting the messy in order
14. Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells?
A. To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B. To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C. To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D. To tell obvious differences between science and art.
15. What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies?
A. They have little to do with the discoveries.
B. Their process should be more open to people.
C. They always present unchanged final results.
D. Their focus is not the process but the result.
【答案】12 D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了藝術創(chuàng)作和科學研究之間的關系。
【12題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process(與“流行的觀點”相反，對知識的科學追求不是一個可預測的過程)”可知，流行的觀點認為科學發(fā)現是可預測的。故選D。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的““Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”(“科學家可以從藝術家那里學到很多東西，”Weijers說?！奥撓牒蛣?chuàng)造力是藝術的核心。這些方面在科學中需要更多的關注，因為創(chuàng)造過程是科學的關鍵?！?”可知，創(chuàng)造過程是科學的關鍵，而創(chuàng)造力又是藝術的核心。由此可知，藝術過程可以為科學研究提供創(chuàng)造力，激發(fā)科學研究的進行。故選C。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據第四段中的““As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可視化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project…measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force(“作為一名科學家，你使用不同的方法，但它同樣是關于你如何將你對現實的理解和其中的聯系形象化。這有時就像藝術一樣視覺化，”Weijers說。一個例子是最近Weijers和他的同事，物理化學和軟物質教授Joris Sprakel測量了作用在植物細胞上的力。一個分子傳感器被用來可視化不同的力。他們用彩色圖像展示了結果，每張圖像代表一種不同的力)”可知，作者通過提及植物細胞的例子來證明該段開頭提到的理論：科學可以像藝術一樣被視覺化。故選A。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result(Weijers說：“它經常造成錯誤的印象，因為只呈現科學研究的結果，人們對導致發(fā)現的過程沒有任何洞察力。我們科學家在未來一段時間能做到的是為人們提供更多關注這一過程的機會。就我個人而言，我認為與藝術的聯系有助于引導人們關注過程而不是結果”)可知，Weijers認為，應該給人們提供更多關注研究發(fā)現過程的機會，讓人們更多的了解科學發(fā)現的過程。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Why barbecue tastes so good? The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. Summer is here, and that means it is barbecue season. Cooking on a grill may seem simple. ____16____
Cooking with fire
When you cook meat at higher temperatures-like over direct heat on a barbecue-the first thing to happen is that water near the meat’s surface boils off. ____17____This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.
____18____Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸發(fā)) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. These reactions turn carbohydrates and sugars into smaller compounds with nutty, meaty and caramel-like flavors.
Burnt smell and crisp
Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. When foods are exposed to heat for lengthened periods of time, non-carbon atoms in the food break down, leaving behind the crispy, black carbon. This is the process of burning. ____19____But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods. Cooking over the direct heat of a barbecue allows you to add just the amount of burnt flavor to match your taste.
Smokey flavors
The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water. ____20____In chemistry terms, fats are non-polar-meaning they can easily grab other non-polar molecules. Water is polar and is good at combining other polar molecules. One way to use chemistry to make food more smokey is to periodically water it properly during the barbecuing process.
A A similar process occurs with vegetables.
B. Each combines different types of molecules.
C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.
D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.
E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.
F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.
G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【導語】本文是篇說明文。夏天是燒烤的季節(jié)，文章主要介紹了美味的燒烤食品的特點。
【16題詳解】
根據前文“The mere thought of barbecue’s smokey smell and fascinating flavors is enough to get most mouths watering. ”（一想到燒烤的煙熏味和迷人的味道，大多數人就會流口水）可知，吃燒烤是一種美味的體驗；選項E. But there is lots of chemistry that results in such a delicious experience.（但有很多化學反應導致了如此美味的體驗）中的“such a delicious experience”與此相對應，指的是吃燒烤的體驗；且選項上一句“Cooking on a grill may seem simple.”（在烤架上做飯似乎很簡單）構成轉折關系，承接上文。故選E。
【17題詳解】
根據下文“This reaction produces a complex mixture of molecules (分子) that make food taste more delicious or “meaty” and adds depth to smell and flavors.”（這種反應會產生一種復雜的分子混合物，使食物嘗起來更美味或更“有肉”，并增加氣味和味道的深度）推知，空處提到了一種化學反應，而正是這種化學反應讓食物更美味。選項G. Once the surface is dry, the proteins and sugars experience the Maillard Reaction.（一旦表面干燥，蛋白質和糖就會發(fā)生Maillard反應）符合語境。故選G。

18題詳解】
上文陳述了烤肉時美味是如何產生的，結合下文“Barbecuing allows the water to evaporate (蒸發(fā)) or drip down. This keeps the vegetables from becoming soft and wet and promotes caramelization (焦糖) reactions. ”（燒烤會讓水蒸發(fā)或滴下來，它能防止蔬菜變軟變濕，還能促進焦糖反應）推知，烤蔬菜和烤肉是不一樣的。選項C. As for vegetables, things become totally different.（至于蔬菜，情況就完全不同了）符合題意。故選C。
【19題詳解】
根據前文“Another feature of barbecued food is the unique burnt smell it develops. ”（燒烤食品的另一個特點是它散發(fā)出獨特的燒焦味）和“This is the process of burning.”（這是燒制的過程）可知，前文描述了帶有燒焦味燒烤食品的烤制過程；下文“But a little bit of crispy burnt flavor can add such depth to foods.”（但一點點酥脆的焦香可以讓食物更有深度）提到了帶有燒焦味食品的優(yōu)點，根據轉折詞“But”可知，空處應該是表達燒焦味食品的不足，選項D. Almost no one likes a completely burnt piece of meat.（幾乎沒有人喜歡一塊完全燒焦的肉）符合語意，承接上文，銜接下文。故選D。
【20題詳解】
根據本段的小標題“Smokey flavors”（煙熏味）和上文“The final typical barbecue flavor is smokiness. Food is particularly good at taking on smokey flavors because of fats and water.”（最后一種典型的燒烤味道是煙熏味。由于脂肪和水的存在，食物特別善于吸收煙熏味）可知，空處應接續(xù)陳述有關煙熏味的內容。F. Smoke is made up of gases, water vapor and small solid particles from the fuel.（煙是由氣體、水蒸氣和來自燃料的小固體顆粒組成的）符合題意。故選F。
第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
We had our son Wesley checked out because of his indifference to communicate with people. To our ____21____, he was diagnosed with autism (自閉癥).
Out of everything the doctor had said, the only word I could ____22____ was socialization — key for Wesley to develop ____23____ skills. The instant we got on the car, we desperately (拼命地) brainstormed ways to make his world more social. It suddenly ____24____ me that we were in need of a dog. Soon, we brought the dog Josie home. Wesley didn’t seem that ____25____ her, no matter how adorable (可愛的) she was. But then I began to catch Wesley petting her when he thought no one was looking.
Four months after we’d gotten Josie, I ____26____ the two of them out for a long play. By the end, they were both ____27____. As soon as I put Wesley in his car seat, he fell asleep, with Josie ____28____ her head on his shoulder. That's when I knew they had finally bonded.
One of our biggest ____29____ was that Wesley had no sense of danger and didn’t _____30_____ what a moving car meant. He would dart (猛沖) out in the street. I was _____31_____ he would get hit by a car. Luckily, Josie was able to _____32_____ keep him on the sidewalk. Besides, the best thing about having a dog is that kids come to you. _____33_____ the daily walk to the bus stop provides an opportunity for Wesley to socialize. Kids surround him with _____34_____ about Josie and we practice his answers at home so he is more comfortable talking _____35_____ . I finally learned how to make peace with autism.
21. A. regret B. shame C. sorrow D. shock
22. A. remember B. appreciate C. ignore D. forget
23. A. listening B. reading C. practical D. social
24. A. convinced B. struck C. impressed D. informed
25. A. confused about B. proud of C. interested in D. bored with
26. A. took B. sent C. dragged D. carried
27. A. relieved B. delighted C. satisfied D. exhausted
28. A. lowering B. leaning C. surrounding D. pressing
29. A. choices B. circumstances C. challenges D. puzzles
30. A. figure out B. think of C. find out D. give away
31. A. embarrassed B. terrified C. depressed D. annoyed
32. A. calmly B. silently C. eagerly D. safely
33. A. Even B. Yet C. Ever D. Still
34. A. tips B. questions C. announcement D. information
35. A. in private B. in advance C. in public D. in detail
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了有自閉癥的Wesley在小狗Josie的幫助下慢慢變得開朗的故事。
21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我們難過的是，他被診斷為自閉癥。A. regret遺憾；B. shame羞恥；C. sorrow悲傷；D. shock驚訝。根據句中“he was diagnosed with autism.(診斷出自閉癥)”可推斷，這讓我們悲傷。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在醫(yī)生所說的一切中，我唯一記得的詞是社交——這是Wesley發(fā)展社交技能的關鍵。A. remember記得；B. appreciate感謝；C. ignore無視；D. forget忘記。句子是過去時態(tài)，由此可知，此處是醫(yī)生之前說的，那么現在我應該是記得的東西。故選A項。
【23題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在醫(yī)生所說的一切中，我唯一記得的詞是社交——這是Wesley發(fā)展社交技能的關鍵。A. listening聽；B. reading閱讀；C. practical實際的；D. social社交的。根據“socialization(社交)”可推斷，這里是社交技能。故選D項。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然意識到，我們需要一只狗。A. convince說服；B. strike撞擊，打，罷工，突然想；C. impress給人印象；D. inform通知。句子中“we were in need of a dog(我們需要一只狗)”與前面無關，且緊接著又提到了狗，所以這里是突然想到我們需要一只狗。故選B項。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：Wesley似乎對她不太感興趣，無論小狗有多可愛。A. confused about對……迷惑；B. proud of驕傲；C. interested in對……有興趣；D. bored with對……厭倦。根據“no matter how adorable (可愛的) she was”可推斷，無論小狗有多可愛，但是Wesley不感興趣。故選C項。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們得到Josie的四個月后，我?guī)麄儍蓚€出去玩了很久。A. take拿，帶去；B. sent送；C. drag拖拉；D. carry攜帶。帶一人一狗出去玩，用到的動詞是“take(帶)”。故選A項。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：到最后，他們倆都累壞了。A. relieved感到寬慰的；B. delighted高興的；C. satisfied滿意的；D. exhausted精疲力盡的。根據第6題可推斷，我?guī)е蝗艘还烦鋈ネ?，最后他們都累壞了。故選D項。
【28題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我一把Wesley放在他的汽車座椅上，他就睡著了，Josie把頭靠在他的肩膀上。A. lower放低；B. lean傾斜，依靠；C. surround環(huán)繞，圍繞；D. press壓。根據句子中“her head on his shoulder (她的頭在他的肩膀上)”可推斷，Wesley睡著了， Josie將頭靠在Wesley的肩膀上。故選B項。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是Wesley沒有危險意識，也不理解移動的汽車意味著什么。A. choice選擇；B. circumstances情況；C. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D. puzzle疑問。根據句子中“didn't figure out what a moving car meant(不理解移動的汽車意味著什么)”可以推斷，這是我們的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是Wesley沒有危險意識，也不理解移動的汽車意味著什么。A. figure out解決，算出，理解；B. think of記起，考慮；C. find out找出；D. give away贈送，泄露。Wesley沒有危險感，也不理解正在行駛的汽車意味著什么。這里指他不懂，不知道。故選A項。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很害怕他被車撞了。A. embarrassed尷尬的；B. terrified恐懼的；C. depressed沮喪的；D. annoyed惱怒的。根據下文“he would get hit by a car(他被車撞了)”可推斷，我很害怕這件事發(fā)生。故選B項。
【32題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，Josie能夠安全地將他和我們保持在人行道上。A. calmly冷靜地；B. silently默默地；C. eagerly急切地；D. safely安全地。句子中提到了“幸運的是”，所以后面應該是我們是安全的在人行道上。故選D項。
【33題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：甚至是每天走到公交車站，也為Wesley提供了一個社交的機會。A. even甚至；B. yet還；C. ever曾經；D. still仍然。根據這句話中前后兩個分句的邏輯關系可推斷，這里指是甚至是步行到公交車站這個小事也能讓Wesley進行社交。故選A項。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們圍著他問關于Josie的問題，我們在家里練習他的回答，這樣他在公共場合說話就更自如了。A. tips建議；B. question問題；C. announcement宣告；D. information信息。根據下文“we practice his answers at home(我們在家里練習他的回答)”可知，孩子們帶著問題圍著他。故選B項。
【35題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意：孩子們圍著他問關于Josie的問題，我們在家里練習他的回答，這樣他在公共場合說話就更自如了。A. in private私下地；B. in advance提前；C. in public公開地；D. in detail詳細地。根據句子中“we practice his answers at home(我們在家里練習他的回答)”可知，我們在家中練習他的回答，所以他在公開場合(in public)更自在地交談。選擇與“家”相對的詞。故選C項。
第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給的詞的正確形式填空。
Are we coming into an age ___36___ seeing isn’t believing? Recently a “face-changing” technology, better known as Deepfakes, has made its way to our lives. Deepfakes are most commonly created with ___37___ AI software called Fake App, a free app. The ___38___ (apply) of this app can create fake videos that look real, which makes it difficult ___39___(identify) who is actually playing in the videos.
The new technology greatly caters to various ___40___ (need) of those working in medium studios. After being ___41___(digital) processed with the technology, a video can take on different forms, which certainly save them lots of time and production costs. John Knoll, CEO of ILM, tells Hollywood Reporter, “The techniques we used before were expensive. It is great to have a new technology that allows us to make better videos with less money.”
However, some people show their disapproval of ____42____(abuse) the technology. The moral problems caused by the new technology ___43___(bring) more and more worries so far. Hany Farid, a computer science professor at Dartmouth College told Wall Street Journal, “We are robbing people ____44____ their portrait right.” He strongly suggests that such a technology should be stopped in ____45____ (it) tracks.
【答案】36. when
37. an 38. application
39. to identify
40. needs 41. digitally
42. abusing
43. have brought
44. of 45. its
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是一種被稱為Deepfakes的“變臉”技術進入了我們的生活，也講述了人們對這種技術的評價。
【36題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：我們是不是進入了眼見不為實的時代？分析句子結構可知，空格處引導的是定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，先行詞age表時間，因此空格處用關系副詞when，故填when。
【37題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：Deepfakes最常用的是一款名為Fake App的人工智能軟件，這是一款免費應用。software是可數名詞，此處表泛指，前面需加不定冠詞，AI是元音音素開頭，因此不定冠詞用an，故填an。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這款應用程序可以制作看起來很真實的假視頻，這使得人們很難識別視頻中到底是誰在玩?？崭裉幱妹~作主語，根據語境可知，此處是指“這款應用程序可以制作看起來很真實的假視頻”，空格處意為“應用”，名詞是application，故填application。
【39題詳解】
考查不定式。句意：這款應用程序可以制作看起來很真實的假視頻，這使得人們很難識別視頻中到底是誰在玩。make it difficult to do是固定短語，意為“使做某事變得困難”，其中it是形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語，因此空格處用不定式to identify，故填to identify。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞的復數。句意：這種新技術極大地滿足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各種需求。根據語境可知，句子表示“這種新技術極大地滿足了那些在中型工作室工作的人的各種需求”，need作名詞，意為“需求”，various后跟名詞的復數needs，故填needs。
【41題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：在用這種技術進行數字處理后，視頻可以呈現出不同的形式，這無疑為他們節(jié)省了大量的時間和制作成本?？崭裉幱酶痹~digitally修飾動詞processed，digitally意為“數碼地，數字地”，故填digitally。
【42題詳解】
考查動名詞。句意：然而，一些人表示他們不贊成濫用這項技術?？崭裉幱脛用~abusing作介詞of的賓語，故填abusing。
【43題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，新技術帶來的道德問題已經帶來了越來越多的擔憂。根據“so far”可知，句子時態(tài)是現在完成時，主語problems是復數，因此空格處是have brought。故填have brought。
【44題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：我們正在剝奪人們的肖像權。rob sb. of sth.是固定短語，意為“剝奪某人的某物”，因此空格處是介詞of，故填of。
【45題詳解】
考查物主代詞。句意：他強烈建議應該阻止這種技術的發(fā)展。根據語境可知，句子表示“他強烈建議應該阻止這種技術的發(fā)展”，tracks和it之間是所屬關系，空格處意為“它的”，用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞tracks，故填its。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46. 假定你是李華，你的筆友Chris在雜志上看到： 魯迅說過，讀紅樓夢“其要點在敢于如實描寫，并無諱飾，和從前的小說敘好人完全是好，壞人完全是壞的，大不相同”，對《紅樓夢》很感興趣，他來信向你了解《紅樓夢》。請給他寫一封回信。
注意：1． 詞數100左右; 2． 注意信件格式;
3． 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫;
4．參考詞匯：《紅樓夢》:A Dream of Red Mansions．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
I am very glad to hear that you are interested in the Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber.
"A dream of Red Mansions" is one of the four great classics of our country, its author is Cao Xueqin, "A dream of Red Mansions" wrote after Cao Xueqin's family came down and out. A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world. Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.
I hope that through my introduction, you have a better understanding of the dream of Red Mansions.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。假定你是李華，你的筆友Chris在雜志上看到： 魯迅說過，讀紅樓夢“其要點在敢于如實描寫，并無諱飾，和從前的小說敘好人完全是好，壞人完全是壞的，大不相同”，對《紅樓夢》很感興趣，他來信向你了解《紅樓夢》。請給他寫一封回信。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
誠摯地：sincerely→genuinely
對……感興趣：be interested in→show/take/have interest in
精確的：precise→exact
發(fā)生：happen→ take place
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.
拓展句：A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, which shows the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflects all the state of the world and the people of the world.
【點睛】【高分句型1】A Dream of Red Mansions takes the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, showing the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Xue, Wang and Shi, and reflecting all the state of the world and the people of the world.（運用了現在分詞作伴隨狀語）
【高分句型2】Through rich imagination, delicate emotional description and precise control of human nature, the author presents a real objective world to the readers, as if people and things are really happening around him.（運用了as if引導的方式狀語從句）
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
We had just relocated to Germany and moved into a big and old country house with a mysterious abandoned wine cellars (地窖), which my husband warned me many times not to explore without him. After settling down, we began slowly releasing our large family of rescue cats and dogs into the woods behind our house so that they could get used to the area and venture out on their own. So, it wasn’t long before we gained a reputation for having lots of rescue animals with us in the neighborhood.
One day, the doorbell rang and I was sure some of my Christmas packages had arrived. I ran to the door and swung it open, but no one was there. I sensed something and looked down, only to find a beautiful calico (有斑點的) kitten sitting there, looking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was no way that she could have rung the doorbell by herself, was there? Were my new neighbors playing tricks on me? Perhaps, someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her.
My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica accordingly. It seemed as if she was always meant to be in this big family and she turned out to be a perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. Wise beyond her years, she enjoyed exploring through the mysterious house as much as I did, but with much less fear. Angelica was courageous.
So, I decided to be brave, too. I had promised my husband that I wouldn’t explore dangerous areas unless he or someone else was around, but he was away on a business trip for a week and I figured that Angelica would count as my companion. I was ready to explore the cellar, and so was she.
The only way in was through a hatch (蓋子) that was partially hidden by the grass that covered it, then down a shaky ladder to its dark depths, probably twelve feet deep. I equipped myself with a good flashlight and warm clothes. Angelica sat on the edge and watched me carefully start down the ladder. Suddenly, there was a crash at the foot.
注意：
1.續(xù)寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。
I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Angelica could sense my dilemma.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I woke up with a splitting headache and pieces of the broken ladder lying around me on the stone cellar floor. My fashlight was in pieces and my arms were hurt badly. By no means could I pull myself out of this deep cellar. I felt desperate. Just as I was wondering what to do next, I suddenly caught sight of a hairy, round object that began squeaking at me. It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above.
Angelica could sense my dilemma. She wandered anxiously around the edge, seemingly knowing I needed help. Supposing Angelica my last hope, I tried to instruct her to find my neighbors to rescue me. Miraculously, she responded me with a soft meow and walked away. Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. Afer this brave exploration, I no longer wondered if it was Angelica herself who rang the doorbell that fateful day. Angelica was indeed our family’s angel!
【解析】
【導語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者夫婦剛搬到德國一所又大又舊的鄉(xiāng)村房子，里面有一個神秘的廢棄酒窖，作者丈夫叮囑作者不要在他不在的時候去探索酒窖，有一天，門鈴響了，作者看見一只狗在門口，作者覺得不是它自己按的門鈴，作者收養(yǎng)了這只狗，給她取名Angelica ，作者覺得Angelica很勇敢，自己也應該像她一樣勇敢，于是作者從梯子下到酒窖準備探索，但是梯子突然塌了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內容“我醒來時頭痛欲裂，地下室的石頭地板上到處都是破碎的梯子碎片?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者醒來后的感受。
②由第二段首句內容“Angelica能感覺到我的困境?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫Angelica如何解救作者。
2.續(xù)寫線索：作者感覺自己出不去了——感到絕望——看見Angelica——Angelica徘徊——指示Angelica去叫人來——Angelica帶來鄰居——作者得救——作者感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①看見：catch sight of/catch a vision of/spot
②指示：instruct sb. to do/direct sb. to do sth
③幫助某人出困境：help sb. out/rescue sb. out
情緒類
①絕望：feel desperate/feel hopeless
②焦慮地：anxiously/worriedly
【點睛】[高分句型1] It turned out to be Angelica, who was looking down at me from above. (由關系代詞who引導的非限制性定語從句)
[高分句型2] Around 10 minutes later, Angelica appeared again, accompanied by one of my neighbors, who finally managed to help me out. (由關系代詞who引導的非限制性定語從句)
聽力答案：1—5 ABCAC 6—10 ABACA 11-15 BCABC 16—20 BBABC

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