?廣東省四校2021-2022學年高三上學期第一次聯(lián)考英語試題
學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、閱讀理解
Brooklyn Children's Museum
Founded in 1899 as the country's first museum specifically made for children, today BCM is comprehensive, with a permanent collection of 30,000 objects, including musical instruments, masks and dolls. Kids love the interactive World Brooklyn, a small cityscape（城市風光）lined by stores where children can pretend to be working grown-ups.
Children's Museum of Manhattan
Looking for interactive art that welcomes curious minds? Then head to Inside Art, the current show up at CMOM, which lets your little ones climb in and over and all around the exhibits. It's ideas like this that make the 40,000-square-foot so special. Learning about culture, history and science is a pride for kids aged six and under. CMOM also hosts classes—like Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.
DiMenna Children's History Museum
The hands-on displays at this kid-focused arm of the New York Historical Society transport children back through 350 years of US history, with a special focus on NYC． Children are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors, athletes and political figures! Little New Yorkers can get in on sing-alongs and crafts. Other family programs include cookings classes, games and story hours.
Staten Island Children's Museum
Staten Island Children's Museum nurtures（培養(yǎng)）creativity. It offers hands-on experiences like the Block Harbor（plenty of blocks to play with!）, larger-than-life games like Connect Four and Dominoes, and even the opportunity to climb through a human-sized anthill or play firefighter at Ladder 11, so you'll find immersive（沉浸式的）fun around every corner. Don't forget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.
1．Which museum provides biology classes for kids?
A．Brooklyn Children's Museum. B．Staten Island Children's Museum.
C．Children's Museum of Manhattan. D．DiMenna Children's History Museum.
2．What can kids do in DiMenna Children's History Museum?
A．Play interesting games with great firefighters. B．Know about famous people's childhood lives.
C．Run stores like adults in different small streets. D．Cook delicious local food with foreign athletes.
3．Where can kids learn how to protect the environment?
A．At Ladder 11. B．At the Block Harbor.
C．In Green Living Room. D．On a human-sized anthill.

In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.
Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasn't wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasn't focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”
Those words deeply struck Donaldson and forced him to face some hard truths about himself.
Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my shoes and clothes. When you're teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”
He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, it's easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn't have to confront (面對) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.”
Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened to stories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”
Inspired by Mother Teresa's words and the stories he'd heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, women's empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.
4．What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in India?
A．He attended an interview for a college. B．He fed the hungry with Mother Teresa.
C．He interviewed Mother Teresa. D．He did something to help the poor.
5．What can we learn about Hal Donaldson from paragraph 4?
A．He was born with disability. B．He led a hard life as a child.
C．He was well treated at school. D．He survived as a parentless boy.
6．How does Hal Donaldson describe himself in college?
A．Self-centered. B．Sympathetic. C．Popular. D．Casual.
7．How did Hal Donaldson change after he returned home from India?
A．He preferred traveling to volunteering. B．He suddenly fell in love with journalism.
C．He turned his focus to living for himself. D．He gradually devoted himself to helping others.

If your fingers get chilly all year round—even in the peak of summer—you’re not alone. Many people get cold hands during all of the seasons, due to a number of causes, from genetic to chronic illnesses.
Common reasons include being elderly and thin. If your hands are regularly cold or numb, however, it’s a good idea to see a doctor to rule out more serious causes. Cold hands are one of the symptoms of both anemia (貧血癥) and hypothyroidism (甲狀腺機能減退). Diabetes, which reduces blood circulation, can also trigger it. And if your heart is weak from heart disease, your body may prioritize sending blood to your core over your limbs.
For many others, cold hands are a sign they have a largely harmless condition called Raynaud’s disease. When any of us goes out in the cold, our bodies activate the muscles in our smallest blood vessels to make them even smaller—a survival mechanism to keep blood, and thus warmer temperatures, in our core. For people with Raynaud’s, this reaction is too strong, and instead of just a bit less blood going to their fingers, far too little gets there.
Raynaud’s is more common in women, and it most often develops before the age of 30. In fact, if you develop Raynaud’s when you’re older—usually after 40—it can be a sign of another underlying issue. That could be a smaller problem—a previous incident of frostbite (凍傷) or a sign of a more serious autoimmune condition, like lupus (狼瘡).
For the majority of people living with Raynaud’s, medication won’t be necessary. However, a rare, more severe form of Raynaud’s affects less than one in 1,000 people. In these cases, blood can become completely blocked, causing sores on the hands. If they go untreated, it can lead to gangrene (壞疽) and, very rarely, amputation (截肢).
8．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．introduce a topic B．present an argument
C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose
9．According to the text, which of the following is not the cause of cold hands?
A．diabetes B．heart disease C．a(chǎn)ging D．obesity
10．What do we know about Raynaud’s disease?
A．It appears when blood vessels in your body overreact to high temperatures.
B．Males never suffer from it before the age of 30.
C．In some cases, it can be a sign of some health issues.
D．For most people, it is a serious health problem.
11．What will the author talk about in the following paragraph?
A．The reasons why people have cold hands
B．Ways to treat Raynaud’s disease and prevent cold hands
C．Medical research on Raynaud’s Disease
D．Disadvantages of cold hands

Six "sacrificial pits (祭祀坑)", dating back 3,200 to 4,000 years, were newly discovered in Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Southwest China's Sichuan province. Over 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze wares, ivories, jades, and textiles, were unearthed from the site.
Sanxingdui site, first found in 1929, is generally considered as one of the most important archaeological sites along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. However, large-scale excavation on the site only began in 1986, when two pits — widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies — were accidentally discovered.
Investigation in the area around No 1 and 2 pits was relaunched in October 2019, and No 3 pit was found in December 2019, according to Lei Yu, a researcher of Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute who heads the ongoing excavation. Thirty-four research universities and research institutes have cooperated in this project. He said the new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in 1986.
More excavation followed in March 2020, and five more pits were found last year. And detailed research began in October. Excavation capsules with hi-tech equipment were set up in the pits to better conserve the site.
Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, and its core zone of an ancient city covers nearly 4 square kilometers. According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, studies of Sanxingdui site will become a crucial project in an ongoing program Archaeology China, which tries to explain the origins of Chinese civilization and how diverse cultures communicate and come together.
12．What does the underlined word “excavation” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Discovery B．Dig
C．Exploration D．Expansion
13．How did archaeologists preserve the Sanxingdui site?
A．By dividing the task of excavation into several parts.
B．By cooperating with research universities and institutes.
C．By using excavation capsule armed with hi-tech equipment.
D．By conducting more investigations around the site.
14．What can we infer about the pits from the text?
A．All sacrificial sites were discovered in the meantime.
B．The excavation of Sanxingdui site only began in 1986.
C．There were altogether six sacrificial pits discovered in Sanxingdui site
D．The size of the core zone is approximately 1/3 times that of Sanxingdui site.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Sacrificial pits were unearthed in Sanxingdui Site.
B．Sanxingdui Site needed to be conserved.
C．Sanxingdui discoveries cast light on ancient China.
D．Hi- tech helped to excavate Sanxingdui Site.


二、七選五
When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. 16 The immune system uses several tools to fight infection（感染）. Blood contains red blood cells, for carrying oxygen to tissues and organs, and white or immune cells, for fighting infection. These white cells consist primarily of macrophages（巨噬細胞）, B cells and T cells.
Macrophages swallow up and digest germs, plus dead and dying cells. They leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens（抗原）. 17 B cells are defensive white blood cells which produce antibodies. T cells are also defensive white blood cells. They attack cells in the body that have already been infected.
The first time the body comes across a germ, it can take several days to make and use all the germ fighting tools needed to get over the infection. After the infection, the immune system remembers what is learned about how to protect the body against that disease.
18 They help develop immunity by imitating an infection. This type of infection, however, almost never causes illness, but it does cause the immune system to produce T cells and antibodies. Sometimes, after getting a vaccine （疫苗）, the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms. For instance, a fever. 19
Once the imitation infection goes away, the body is left with a supply of defensive cells that will remember how to find that disease in the future. 20 Therefore, it is possible that a person infected with the disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and get a disease, because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection.
A．Vaccines basically work the same way.
B．This invasion, called an infection, is what causes illness.
C．Vaccines prevent diseases that can be dangerous, or even deadly
D．Scientists take many different approaches to developing vaccines.
E．The body identifies them as dangers and excites antibodies to attack them.
F．Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity.
G．However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce those defensive cells after vaccination.


三、完形填空
Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community.
To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to 21 enough solar energy to power the school’s science labs. Now his plan is set to happen. To fix 30 solar panels is 22 for late November.
As he began his research 23 solar energy, he discovered a useful phone app. By entering an address, he could find out how much sunlight the 24 receives each day. Based on the data, he found that his school building was the best position. At the suggestion of his science teacher, Debbie Wheeler, he first performed an energy 25 of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day. Then, he started his research, 26 a local company of solar panels to do the job. He lacked money for starting the project, so he 27 Sayre’s head to support him after explaining the 28 of solar power for the school and community.
Since Sayre provided the 29 seed money to provide infrastructure and the purchase of one panel, the project has 30 to include a total of 30 panels. They are expected to produce enough energy to 31 all the science labs on campus.
“It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of 32 ,” said Bingley, expressing gratitude for Wheeler’s help. Wheeler said the success was due to Bingley’s efforts and 33 to follow through on the project from start to finish. “I’ve had other students talk about 34 initiatives (倡議) on campus, but Bingley had the persistence and courage to make it happen,” she said.
Bingley said that he would 35 like to study environmental engineering at university.
21．A．explore B．invest C．produce D．switch
22．A．defined B．identified C．output D．scheduled
23．A．beyond B．on C．with D．through
24．A．location B．destination C．transmission D．occasion
25．A．income B．a(chǎn)llowance C．budget D．calculation
26．A．employing B．contacting C．protecting D．urging
27．A．convinced B．demanded C．refreshed D．submitted
28．A．causes B．plots C．benefits D．origins
29．A．initial B．flexible C．optional D．sustainable
30．A．a(chǎn)warded B．grown C．rewarded D．sponsored
31．A．decorate B．furnish C．run D．equip
32．A．influence B．criterion C．experience D．management
33．A．caution B．encouragement C．inspiration D．willingness
34．A．cultural B．environmental C．practical D．theoretical
35．A．casually B．deliberately C．eventually D．gradually


四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Fifteen elephants are approaching the Chinese city of Kunming. Altogether the animals 36 (cover) 500km from their habitat in a nature reserve near the borders with Myanmar and Laos. And they are now near 37 city of 6.6 million people. They have travelled along highways 38 through farms over the past few months. And their journey has been attracting the attention of the Chinese public.
Experts are now doing all they can 39 (keep) the elephants away from Kunming city. They are setting up barriers along the way, 40 (hope) to get them to go back towards the nature reserve. No one knows 41 the animals have walked so far away from 42 (they) original habitat. One reason could be a decline in the amount of edible (可食用的) plants in their reserve, especially 43 (supply) of their favourite foods. Another reason could be a rise in numbers in the wild elephant population in the area, from 193 in the 1980s 44 around 300 today. A further 45 (possible) is that the elephants, leader could have led them astray (迷路).


五、感謝信/祝賀信
46．假定你是高中生李華。為了慶祝國慶七十二周年、你市舉辦了“中華之美”中文演講比賽，你校交換生Ryan在本次大賽中獲得了第一名。請你給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示祝賀;
2.評論與贊賞;
3.表達祝愿。
注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右;
2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
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六、讀后續(xù)寫
47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
My first year living in Los Angeles, I was a birthday-party clown (小丑). I struggled a lot with my identity because, though I viewed myself as a filmmaker, everyone in my life viewed me as this ridiculous day job. To make matters more confusing, being a clown is itself an identity-masking job. You wear makeup to cover your features. Sometimes I’d have to wear a mask and completely cover my face.
For certain parties, I’d have to go as a specific character. The way that would work is someone from the company would drop off costumes for me the night before a party at an appointed spot. It was like a shameful deal.
One night, they handed me my trash bag and said, “Tomorrow you’re going to be Batman.” Now, keep in mind that at the time I had a giant moustache. I know: a clown with a moustache—that’s a huge red flag for parents. But I hadn’t wanted to change my physical appearance for that job, because that would have been me subconsciously (下意識地) admitting I was more of a clown than an artist, So for the party, I chose not to shave.
The next day, I went to the party. It was at this huge public park, and I had to leave my car parked far enough away so that the kids couldn’t see me getting off my car. So I was all the way on the edge of the park, and the only way for me to get to the party was to walk to it. Normally at these parties, all you have going for you is the element of surprise. You pop in through the front door: “Surprise! Batman’s here!” All the kids go crazy. Without the element of surprise, these visits are meaningless. So I thought, “Should I try to make an entrance (入場) for them?” Reflecting what to do next, I heard a scream, “Look, a Batman with a moustache!” Suddenly, the entire party broke out in laughter.
注意：
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I was so embarrassed and wanted to run back.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I stared at the cake with a clown wearing a moustache in disbelief.
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參考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個適合孩子參觀的博物館。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Children's Museum of Manhattan中“CMOM also hosts classes—like Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.(CMOM也主持一些課程，比如給那些對昆蟲感興趣的孩子們講生物課，這些昆蟲的設(shè)計都考慮到了最新的兒童發(fā)展研究)”可知，Children's Museum of Manhattan會為孩子們提供生物課。故選C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DiMenna Children's History Museum中“Children are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors，athletes and political figures!(孩子們被鼓勵到處攀爬，與突出了那些長大后成為著名醫(yī)生，運動員，政治家的孩子們的生活的展品互動)”可知，孩子們在DiMenna Children's History Museum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故選B。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Staten Island Children's Museum中“Don't forget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy，where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.(別忘了去綠色客廳，那里有風能供電，在這里孩子們可以了解減少低碳排放的方法)”可知，孩子們在Green Living Room可以學習保護環(huán)境的方法。故選C。
4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了從小生活艱苦的Hal Donaldson在努力改善生活條件的時候忽視了身邊的人，而他與Mother Teresa的一次交流觸動了他，他開始關(guān)注那些需要幫助的人并逐漸致力于幫助他人。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.(1990年，23歲的Hal Donaldson，剛從大學畢業(yè)，來到印度加爾各答，在那里他被要求采訪Mother Teresa)”可知，23歲的Hal Donaldson在印度采訪了Mother Teresa。故選C。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare.(12歲時，他的父母被酒后駕車的司機撞了；他的父親去世了，他的母親受了重傷。為了收支相抵，他們靠救濟生活)”可推斷，童年時期的Hal Donaldson過著艱難的生活。故選B。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, it's easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn't have to confront (面對) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.(我只是想擺脫自己的卑微。然而，在這個過程中很容易忽略其他人。我是那種看到無家可歸的人就會過馬路的人，所以我不用去面對他。我的注意力集中在攀登頂峰上，而不是幫助那些試圖和我一起攀登的人)”可推斷，大學時期的Hal Donaldson只關(guān)注如何改善自己的生活，是一個以自我為中心的人。故選A。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened to stories of the homeless.(Donaldson從印度回到家后，想法轉(zhuǎn)變了。他在美國去八個城市旅行了，待在街道上，傾聽那些無家可歸人們的故事)”和最后一段“Inspired by Mother Teresa's words and the stories he'd heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world.( Mother Teresa的話語和他在美國各地聽到的故事激勵了他。Donaldson把價值300美元的食品雜貨裝上一輛小貨車，分發(fā)給任何需要幫助的人。1994年，Donaldson創(chuàng)立了非營利組織“希望車隊”，與美國和世界各地的社區(qū)合作)”可推斷，Hal Donaldson從印度回家以后開始關(guān)注別人的生活并逐漸致力于幫助別人。故選D。
8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，如果你的手指一年四季都在發(fā)冷，可能是得了雷諾氏病，解釋了它的原因、癥狀、發(fā)病群體。
8．推理判斷題。由第一段“If your fingers get chilly all year round—even in the peak of summer—you’re not alone. Many people get cold hands during all of the seasons, due to a number of causes, from genetic to chronic illnesses.”（如果你的手指一年四季都在發(fā)冷，即使是在盛夏時節(jié)，你也不孤單。許多人在整個季節(jié)都會手感冰冷，原因有很多，從遺傳病到慢性病。），可推斷出第一段的內(nèi)容是為下文做鋪墊，為了介紹一個疾病話題。故選A項。
9．細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Common reasons include being elderly and thin.”（常見的原因包括年老體瘦。）和“Cold hands are one of the symptoms of both anemia (貧血癥) and hypothyroidism (甲狀腺機能減退). Diabetes, which reduces blood circulation, can also trigger it. And if your heart is weak from heart disease, your body may prioritize sending blood to your core over your limbs.”（手冰冷是貧血和甲狀腺功能減退的癥狀之一。糖尿病會減少血液循環(huán)，也會引發(fā)手冰冷。如果你的心臟因為心臟病而虛弱，你的身體可能會優(yōu)先把血液輸送到你的心臟而不是四肢。），可知年紀大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心臟病是導(dǎo)致雙手冰冷的原因，文章并未提及肥胖導(dǎo)致雙手冰冷。故選D項。
10．細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Raynaud’s is more common in women, and it most often develops before the age of 30. In fact, if you develop Raynaud’s when you’re older—usually after 40—it can be a sign of another underlying issue.”（雷諾氏病在女性中更為常見，最常在30歲之前發(fā)病。事實上，如果你在40歲以后得雷諾氏病的話，這可能是另一個潛在問題的征兆。），可知在某些情況下，雷諾氏病可能是一些健康問題的征兆。故選C項。
11．推理判斷題。由最后一段“For the majority of people living with Raynaud’s, medication won’t be necessary. However, a rare, more severe form of Raynaud’s affects less than one in 1,000 people. In these cases, blood can become completely blocked, causing sores on the hands. If they go untreated, it can lead to gangrene (壞疽) and, very rarely, amputation (截肢).”（對于大多數(shù)雷諾氏病患者來說，藥物治療是不必要的。然而，一種罕見的，更嚴重的雷諾氏病影響不到千分之一的人。在這種情況下，血液會完全阻塞，導(dǎo)致手部疼痛。如果他們得不到治療，可能會導(dǎo)致壞疽和截肢。），可知本段主要講不同雷諾氏病患者，有的不需要治療，有的不治療，后果嚴重，可推斷出在下一段中，作者可能會談?wù)摾字Z氏病的治療及預(yù)防手部冰冷的方法。故選B項。
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A

【分析】本文是說明文。文章按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作及意義。
【詳解】1. 猜測詞義題。該詞所在句子“However, large-scale excavation on the site only began in 1986, when two pits — widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies — were accidentally discovered”（當兩個祭祀坑被意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，三星堆大規(guī)模的挖掘工作1986年才真正開始。）再結(jié)合第一自然段最后一句話里的unearth可推測該劃線詞的意思是“挖掘、發(fā)掘”。A選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項“挖掘；發(fā)掘”；C選項“探索；發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項“擴大；擴張”。故選B。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“Excavation capsules with hi-tech equipment were set up in the pits to better conserve the site.”（在坑內(nèi)設(shè)置了裝有高科技設(shè)備的挖掘膠囊，以更好地保存該址）可知，考古學家采用配備高科技設(shè)備的挖掘膠囊保護了三星堆遺址。故選C。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, and its core zone of an ancient city covers 3.6 square kilometers. ”（三星堆面積12平方公里，核心區(qū)域占地大約4平方公里，大約三分之一。）可知，核心區(qū)面積約為三星堆遺址的1/3。故選D。
4. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，全文按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作，可以確定全文關(guān)鍵信息為Sarificial pits, discovered ,Sangxingdui Site.???A選項關(guān)鍵詞為Sacrificial pits+unearthed; B選項關(guān)鍵詞為Sanxingdui Site+ needed to be conserved;??C選項為discoveries+cast light on; D選項為Hi-tech+helped to excavate….。綜上所述，A選項能高度概括全文，故選A。
16．B 17．E 18．A 19．F 20．G

【分析】本文是說明文。介紹了人體免疫系統(tǒng)和疫苗是如何工作的。
16．根據(jù)前一句“When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply.（當細菌或病毒等細菌侵入人體時，它們就會攻擊并繁殖。）”和空后“The immune system uses several tools to fight infection（感染）（免疫系統(tǒng)使用幾種工具來對抗感染。）”可知，空處承接上一句講述細菌的入侵；根據(jù)選項可知，選項B. This invasion, called an infection, is what causes illness.( 這種入侵被稱為感染，是導(dǎo)致疾病的原因。)承上啟下，符合題意，此處infection與下文“fight infection”呼應(yīng)。故選B。
17．根據(jù)空前“Macrophages swallow up and digest germs, plus dead and dying cells. They leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens（抗原）.（巨噬細胞吞噬和消化細菌，以及死亡和垂死的細胞。它們留下了被稱為抗原的入侵細菌的部分。）和后文描述可知，本段介紹巨噬細胞、B細胞和T細胞的作用，前三句介紹的是巨噬細胞。E選項The body identifies them as dangers and excites antibodies to attack them.( 身體將它們視為危險，并激發(fā)抗體來攻擊它們。)中的them指的是上文提到的antigens抗原，符合題意。故選E。
18．根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，上文講的是免疫系統(tǒng)如何工作，下文講疫苗工作原理，故A選項為此處的最佳銜接。“They help develop immunity by imitating an infection.（它們通過模仿感染來幫助培養(yǎng)免疫力。）”中的“They”指的是Vaccines疫苗。故選A。
19．根據(jù)空前“Sometimes, after getting a vaccine （疫苗）, the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms. （有時，接種疫苗后，模仿感染會引起輕微的癥狀。）“可知，空處進一步闡述疫苗可能引發(fā)的輕微癥狀，結(jié)合選項可知，選項F. Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity.(這種輕微的癥狀是正常的，應(yīng)該在身體建立免疫力的時候出現(xiàn)。)承接前一句，符合題意。minor symptoms.對應(yīng)Such minor symptoms。故選F。
20．根據(jù)空后“Therefore, it is possible that a person infected with the disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and get a disease, because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection.（因此，由于疫苗沒有足夠的時間提供保護，在接種疫苗之前或之后感染疾病的人可能會出現(xiàn)癥狀并患病。）“可知，空處與后文形成因果關(guān)系，結(jié)合選項可知，選項G. However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce those defensive cells after vaccination.( 然而，接種疫苗后，身體通常需要幾周的時間才能產(chǎn)生這些防御細胞。)符合題意。故選G。

21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了學生Bingley為了減少碳足跡，進行科學研究，在學校的資助下聯(lián)系太陽能板公司安裝太陽能給學校科學實驗室提供能量的故事。
21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了減少碳足跡，Bingley計劃生產(chǎn)足夠的太陽能來給學校的科學實驗室提供能量。A. explore探索；B. invest投資；C. produce生產(chǎn)；D. switch轉(zhuǎn)變。由下文“to power the school’s science labs”（給學校的科學實驗室提供能量）可知，要“生產(chǎn)”足夠的太陽能來實現(xiàn)該目標，第四段的“They are expected to produce enough energy.（它們預(yù)計生產(chǎn)足夠的能量來使學校的所有的實驗室運行。）”也是提示，故選C。
22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：計劃在11月下旬安裝30塊太陽能電池板。A. defined定義；B. identified辨認出；C. output輸出；D. scheduled安排。由上文的“Now his plan is set to happen. （現(xiàn)在他的計劃就要實現(xiàn)了。）”可知，安裝30個太陽能板是按照計劃進行安排的，故選D。
23．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：當他開始關(guān)于太陽能的研究時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個有用的手機應(yīng)用軟件。A. beyond超過；B. on關(guān)于；C. with和；D. through通過。由上文的“Bingley planned to produce enough solar energy to power the school’s science labs.（Bingley計劃生產(chǎn)足夠的太陽能來給學校的科學實驗室提供能量。）”可知，他要進行關(guān)于太陽能的研究，故選B。
24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過輸入一個地址，他能發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方一天能照到多少太陽。A. location位置，地點；B. destination目的地；C. transmission傳遞，發(fā)送；D. occasion場合。由上文的“entering an address（輸入一個地址）和下文的“his school building was the best position（他的校舍是最好的位置）”可知，他在比較每個“位置”能得到多少太陽照射，故選A。
25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他科學老師Debbie Wheeler的建議下，他第一次計算了科學實驗室的能量來看一下一個平常的實驗室每天能用多少太陽能。A.income收入；B. allowance津貼；C. budget預(yù)算；D. calculation計算。由下文“to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day.”（來看一下一個平常的實驗室每天能用多少太陽能）可知，為了看實驗室要用多少能量，他是需要計算的，故選D。
26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他開始他的研究，他聯(lián)系當?shù)匾粋€太陽能板公司來做這項工作。A. employing雇傭；B. contacting聯(lián)系；C. protecting保護；D. urging催促。由下文的“a local company of solar panels to do the job”（當?shù)匾粋€太陽能板公司來做這項工作）可知，他與一家太陽能板公司“聯(lián)系”后由公司來完成能量的測算工作，與下文的“He lacked money for starting the project, so he ..（他缺乏啟動這個項目的資金，因此他……）”銜接通順，看得出計劃在正常推進，故選B。
27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他缺乏啟動這個項目的資金，因此他解釋了太陽能對于學校和社區(qū)有好處以此來說服Sayre的上司來支持他。A. convinced說服，使相信；B. demanded要求；C. refreshed使恢復(fù)精力；D. submitted上交。由上文的“He lacked money for starting the project（他缺乏啟動這個項目的資金）”可知，他需要說服Sayre學校的上司來支持他，故選A。
28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他缺乏啟動這個項目的資金，因此他解釋了太陽能對于學校和社區(qū)有好處以此來說服Sayre的上司來支持他。A. causes原因；B. plots情節(jié)；C. benefits好處；D. origins起源。由上文的“ he 7 Sayre’s head to support him（他說服Sayre學校的上司來支持他）”可知，他想要得到支持就需要向上司解釋清楚太陽能對學校和社區(qū)的好處，故選C。
29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Sayre提供給他的第一筆種子基金來提供基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和購買一個太陽能板，這個項目已經(jīng)擴大，總共包括30個太陽能板。A. initial最初的；第一的；B. flexible靈活的；C. optional選擇的；D. sustainable持續(xù)的。由下文的“seed money”（種子基金）可知，這是他得到的第一筆資金支持，故選A。
30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Sayre提供給他第一筆種子基金來提供基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和購買一個太陽能板，這個項目已經(jīng)擴大，總共包括30個太陽能板。A. awarded授予；B. grown成長，逐漸成為；C. rewarded酬謝；獎賞；D. sponsored贊助。由上下文的“the purchase of one panel（購買一個太陽能板）”和“include a total of 30 panels（總共包括30個太陽能板）可知，該項目已經(jīng)逐漸實現(xiàn)最初的計劃，grow為“成長，逐漸變得，逐漸成為”，表示該項目從最初購進一個太陽能板成長壯大，逐步成為擁有30個太陽能板的目標，故選B。
31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它們預(yù)計生產(chǎn)足夠的能量來使學校的所有的實驗室運行。A. decorate裝飾；B. furnish提供，供應(yīng)；C. run運行；D. equip裝備，配備。由上文第二段的“To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to produce enough solar energy to power the school’s science labs. ”（Bingley計劃生產(chǎn)足夠的太陽能來給學校的科學實驗室提供能量。）可知，太陽能板生產(chǎn)足夠的能量，是要使學校實驗室能夠運行下去，故選C。
32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bingley表達了對Wheeler的感謝，他說，我從AP環(huán)境課上想出的主意有這種影響，這就像一個夢。A. influence影響；B. criterion標準；C. experience經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷；D. management管理。由上文的“produce enough energy to run all the science labs on campus”（生產(chǎn)足夠的能量來運行學校的實驗室）可知，Bingley上課時產(chǎn)生的主意產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)實的影響，故選A。
33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Wheeler說成功是由于Bingley在進行這項項目時，從始至終都是努力的且樂于堅持做這個項目。A. caution小心，謹慎；B. encouragement鼓勵；C. inspiration靈感，鼓舞；D. willingness樂意。由下文“to follow through on the project from start to finish（自始至終都堅持做這個項目）”可知，Bingley是“樂意”堅持才獲得成功的，故選D。
34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經(jīng)讓其他學生在校園談?wù)摥h(huán)境倡議，但是Bingley用堅持和勇氣來使這件事發(fā)生。A. cultural文化的；B. environmental環(huán)境的；C. practical實際的，實用的；D. theoretical理論的。由第一段的“he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community”（他會致力于研究環(huán)境以此來對社區(qū)產(chǎn)生廣泛影響）”可知，說明老師在此之前發(fā)出的倡議是有關(guān)環(huán)境的，故選B。
35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Bingley說他最終想要在大學學習環(huán)境工程。A. casually隨便地；B. deliberately故意地；C. eventually最后；D. gradually逐漸。由下文的“l(fā)ike to study environmental engineering at university”（他想要在大學學習環(huán)境工程）和第一段的“Bingley, a Sayre School student from America（Bingley，來自美國Sayre學校的學生）”可知，賓利最終想要到大學去學習環(huán)境工程，故選C。

36．have covered 37．the 38．a(chǎn)nd 39．to keep 40．hoping 41．why 42．their 43．supplies 44．to 45．possibility

【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要說明了十五只大象正在接近中國城市昆明。在過去的幾個月里，它們沿著公路和農(nóng)場旅行。它們的旅程吸引了中國公眾的注意。
36．考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在緬甸和老撾邊境附近的一個自然保護區(qū)，這些動物的棲息地距離它們總共有500公里。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為animals，助動詞用have。故填have covered。
37．考查冠詞。句意：它們現(xiàn)在離這座660萬人口的城市很近。這里特指昆明這座城市應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。
38．考查連詞。句意：在過去的幾個月里，它們沿著公路和農(nóng)場旅行。此處along highways與through farms是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。
39．考查非謂語動詞。句意：專家們正在盡他們所能讓大象遠離昆明市。結(jié)合句意表示“盡一切可能做某事”可知短語為do all one can to do sth.。故填to keep。
40．考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們在沿途設(shè)置了屏障，希望能讓它們回到自然保護區(qū)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知hope在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語they之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填hoping。
41．考查賓語從句。句意：沒有人知道為什么這些動物離開了它們原來的棲息地那么遠。此處為賓語從句，從句中缺少原因狀語，用why引導(dǎo)。故填why。
42．考查代詞。句意：沒有人知道為什么這些動物離開了它們原來的棲息地那么遠。修飾名詞habitat應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填their。
43．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：其中一個原因可能是它們儲備的可食用植物數(shù)量減少了，尤其是它們最喜歡的食物的供應(yīng)。supply為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞修飾，表示數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填supplies。
44．考查介詞。句意：另一個原因可能是該地區(qū)野生大象數(shù)量的增加，從20世紀80年代的193頭增加到現(xiàn)在的300頭左右。結(jié)合句意表示“從……到……”可知短語為from...to…。故填to。
45．考查名詞。句意：另一種可能性是，大象的首領(lǐng)可能把它們引入歧途?？仗幾髦髡Z，表示“可能性”應(yīng)用名詞possibility。故填possibility。
46．Dear Ryan,
How is everything going? I’m writing to express my congratulations to you for winning the first prize in the Chinese speech contest of the 72nd anniversary of National Day.
Your performance is perfect, especially your excellent spoken Chinese, which gives all the teachers and students a deep impression. Besides, what surprises us most is that you are confident and brave on the stage when facing plenty of audience. To be honest, you are a superstar in my heart, and I would like to take this chance to learn from you.
Looking forward to your earliest reply. Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給交換生Ryan寫一封郵件，祝賀其在國慶七十二周年“中華之美”中文演講比賽中獲得了第一名，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示祝賀；2.評論與贊賞；3.表達祝愿。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
表達：express → convey
勇敢的：brave → courageous
說實話：to be honest → honestly speaking
機會：chance → opportunity
2.句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：Besides, what surprises us most is that you are confident and brave on the stage when facing plenty of audience.
拓展句：Besides, it surprises us most that you are confident and brave on the stage when facing plenty of audience.
【點睛】[高分句型1] Your performance is perfect, especially your excellent spoken Chinese, which gives all the teachers and students a deep impression. （運用了關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句）
[高分句型2] Besides, what surprises us most is that you are confident and brave on the stage when facing plenty of audience.??（運用了what引導(dǎo)的主語從句和that引導(dǎo)的表語從句以及when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的省略句）
47．I was so embarrassed and wanted to run back. But I had to complete my ridiculous task. After I ran into the party, they were embarrassing me. I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, “you see, I told you, son. Batman has a moustache.” He took me to the huge birthday cake with a Batman drawn on it, and the Batman had a moustache.
????I stared at the cake with a clown wearing a moustache in disbelief. When initially bringing the cake out, instead of just admitting that it was messed up, the parents tried to save face and said to the boy, “Batman always has a moustache. He just shaves moustache it for movies.” In a surprising twist of fate, my moustache confirmed what the parents had said and convinced the kids that I was actually Batman. Not shaving the moustache was a correct thing. I was the hero that they needed.
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文以作者作為生日派對小丑的經(jīng)歷為線索展開，有人看到作者在扮演蝙蝠俠的時候自己是“有胡子”的，在十分尷尬的情況之下，過生日的男孩的父母卻“將錯就錯”地向自己的孩子展示了一個被留著胡子的蝙蝠俠裝飾的生日蛋糕，作者意外地成為了這次派對的“英雄”。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我很尷尬，想跑回去?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者作為“有胡子”的蝙蝠俠在生日派對上的尷尬，講述過生日男孩的父親做出的舉動，向孩子證明生日蛋糕上的“有胡子”的蝙蝠俠是沒錯的。??
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我難以置信地看著蛋糕上一個留著小胡子的小丑?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫作者的難以置信以及男孩的父親為了在孩子面前挽回面子將錯就錯，使孩子相信蝙蝠俠是有胡子的，作者則成為他們所需要的“英雄”。
2.續(xù)寫線索：作者的初次尷尬——父親的回應(yīng)——作者的二次尷尬——父親將錯就錯的解釋——作者的感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①完成：complete/finish
②承認：admit/acknowledge
③大笑：laugh/ burst into laughter
情緒類
①尷尬的：embarrassed/awkward
②難以置信地： in disbelief/unbelievably
【點睛】[高分句型1] I saw the birthday boy with his dad, who was laughing, and he said, “you see, I told you, son. Batman has a moustache.” （關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）
[高分句型2] In a surprising twist of fate, my moustache confirmed what the parents had said and convinced the kids that I was actually Batman.（confirmed后面由what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，convinced 后面由that引導(dǎo)賓語從句）

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