自然環(huán)保模塊1詞匯過關(guān)（閱讀詞匯，寫作詞匯，佳句背默）模塊2話題閱讀過關(guān)模塊3話題寫作過關(guān) 一【閱讀詞匯】
1.forecast n．& v．預(yù)報2.strait n.  海峽3.jungle n.  叢林；密林4.foggy adj.  多霧的5.breeze n.  微風(fēng)6.horizon n.  地平線；[pl.]  眼界；視野7.mild adj.  溫和的8.warmth n.  溫暖9.numerous adj.  許多的10.habitat n.  棲息地11.flow vi.流，流動；流暢地進行n.流動；連貫12.clap vi.& vt.  鼓掌，拍手13.administration n.  管理；管理部門；施行；(美國)政府14.conservation n.  (對自然環(huán)境的)保護15.fuel n.  燃料vt.& vi.  提供燃料；加油16.businessman n.  (尤指上層)商界人員；企業(yè)家17.raw adj.  原始的，未經(jīng)加工或處理的18.plant n.  工廠；發(fā)電廠19.customs n.  海關(guān)；關(guān)稅20.vehicle n.  交通工具，車輛21.extinct adj.滅絕的extinction n.  滅絕22.phenomenon n.  現(xiàn)象23.conservation n.  保護；保存24.enormous/massive adj.  巨大的25.catastrophe n.  大災(zāi)難26.poverty n.  貧窮27.emission n.  排放28.exposure n.  暴露；顯露29.complicated/complex adj.  復(fù)雜的30.postpone vt.&vi.  推遲；延期
二【寫作詞匯】
1.surroundings n.  環(huán)境2.changeable adj.  無常的；可改變的；易變的3.freezing adj.  嚴寒的；冰凍的4.desert n.  沙漠v. 舍棄；遺棄5.rural adj.  農(nóng)村的6.cover vt.&vi.  包含；覆蓋；占(面積)；報道7.population n.  人口8.naturally adv.  自然地9.climate n.  氣候10.species n.  物種(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)11.eco－friendly/environment－friendly adj. 環(huán)保的12.garbage/rubbish/litter n.  垃圾waste vt.&vi.  浪費；濫用n.  廢物13.preserve vt.  保護；保留；保存14.recycle v.  循環(huán)利用15.urgent adj.  緊迫的；緊要的16.smelly adj.  有臭味的；發(fā)出臭味的17.advocate v.  提倡；擁護；支持18.atmosphere n.  大氣；氛圍19.severe adj.  嚴重的severely adv.  嚴重地20.disturb vt.&vi.  打擾；使焦慮disturbing adj.  令人不安的
三．短語記憶
1.die out  滅絕2.natural enemy   天敵3.on the increase/decrease  正在增加/減少4.to one’s relief  令人欣慰的是5.raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife提高大眾對野生動物的保護意識6.take measures to protect the endangered animals 采取措施保護瀕臨滅絕的動物7.live in harmony with animals 與動物和諧相處8.enjoy a more harmonious environment享受更加和諧的環(huán)境9.account for  解釋……的原因10.be located/situated in   坐落在11.cover an area of  面積有……12.be rich/wealth/abundant in   盛產(chǎn)……13.take on a new look  呈現(xiàn)新面貌14.burning hot  酷熱的15.weather forecast  天氣預(yù)報16.clear up  天氣放晴17.cloudy then rainy  陰轉(zhuǎn)雨18.a heavy rain/snow/wind  一場大雨/大雪/大風(fēng)19.mostly clear  大部分晴朗20.mountain climate   山地氣候
四．佳句默寫1．(續(xù)寫佳句)It  murmured in a soft voice  like a little innocent girl whispering to her loving mother.似乎它在溫柔低語，就像一位天真少女對著她那慈愛的母親細細私語。2．Its total land area is 16，808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areas account for 52%.它的總陸地面積為16 808平方公里，其中山區(qū)占52%。3．A majority of people hold the belief that climate change is the pressing threat for mankind.大多數(shù)人認為氣候變化是人類面臨的緊迫威脅。4．As time went by，the night began to fall and the stars appeared in the sky, twinkling their eyes at us with sympathy.隨著時間的流逝，夜幕開始降臨，星星出現(xiàn)在天空中，向我們眨著同情的眼睛。5．With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting from bad to worse.在我們的城市，隨著轎車數(shù)量的快速增長， 我們的環(huán)境正急劇惡化。6．It is high time that we human beings took/should take proper measures to keep the balance of nature.該是我們?nèi)祟惒扇∵m當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣砭S護生態(tài)平衡的時候了。7．Some people，who have the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth，seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.一些人把旅游業(yè)當(dāng)成經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的動力，卻似乎忽視了其對環(huán)境的負面影響。話題精練閱讀理解一Plastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world.Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it.And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species, especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests.One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while a second bee gathers sticky substances from  trees.Leafcutter bees don’t build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes，tree holes or cracks (裂縫) in buildings.But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells (育雛巢室) contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.While they don’t make honey, alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for U.S.and Canadian farmers by pollinating (給……傳授花粉) crops including alfalfa, carrots and melons.The European insects were introduced to North America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they’ve since become wild, joining the continent’s many native species of leafcutter bees.In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic，which consists of three separate cells.It’s the first known example of such construction worldwide.Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees’ survival.One of the cells had a dead baby bee, another seemed to have housed an adult that has left the nest, and the third was unfinished.1.What does the animals’ use of plastic show according to the study?A.How widely plastic is used.B.How strange the behavior of wildlife is.C.How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.D.How plastic pollution has harmed them.2.What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?A.Food.B.Shelter.C.A plastic substitute.D.Traditional nest materials.3.Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?A.They have great economic value.B.They store honey like honeybees.C.They prefer to live in tree holes.D.They have evolved into a new species.4.How did the researchers find the nest made entirely of plastic?A.It might be warmer.B.It might be unhealthy.C.It might be easy to finish.D.It might be recyclable.二With bushfires continuing to swallow  different parts of Australia，a local zoo in New South Wales, the state which is the easiest to catch fire has hit the headlines with a heartwarming story.Right within the range of a bushfire, the keepers of Mogo Wildlife Park managed to protect all 200 animals from harm after they received evacuation (撤離) orders according to reports.Netizens were quick to react on social media and praised the bravery of the zoo keepers, as they stayed and managed to protect animals from uncontrolled fires and even sheltered some at their own house.The 40-year-old zoo keeper, Chad Staples, described the situation as the worst catastrophe, which felt like Armageddon (大決戰(zhàn))here.Luckily, his team had made a precise plan ahead of time including moving everything flammable (易燃的) from the area and the larger animals to safe places.What’s remarkable is that as the smaller ones needed extra shelter，Staples decided to take them to his own house.“Right now in my house there are animals of all descriptions in all the different rooms.They are safe and protected...not a single animal is lost，” he said.BBC news also mentioned that “there’s a tiger to the back of the house”.Some media outlets highlighted the“heroic job” in their headlines.Online users also reacted with thumbs-up and were glad to see all the staff and animals coming through the horrific fire.Located in the southern coast of New South Wales, Mogo Wildlife Park houses Australia’s largest collection of primates，and many different and unique animals such as zebras, giraffes，rhinos and red pandas.1.New South Wales hits the headlines because of ________.A.its famous zooB.its endangered animalsC.the heartwarming eventD.being easy to catch fire2.Which of the following is true about Mogo Wildlife Park?A.It belongs to Chad Staples.B.None of the animals is missing.C.It merely holds rare animal species.D.Extra shelters were built for emergencies.3.Which word can probably describe Chad Staples?A.Irresponsible.  B.Considerate.C.Selfish.  D.Energetic.4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.The Heroic Job.B.The Horrific Fire.C.The Extinct Animals.D.The Brave Zoo Keepers.三More than 11，000 scientists are warning that the Earth, in their words，“clearly and unequivocally (明確地)  faces a climate emergency”.The scientists represent several fields of study and come from 150 countries around the world.They approved a report that appeared in the publication BioScience earlier this month.It warns that the world would face “untold human suffering” if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.Three leaders of the study are from the United States.They worked on the study with scientists from universities in South Africa and Australia.This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly (共同地) used the word “emergency” when talking about climate change.“Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations...we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this worrying situation，”  the study said.“Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.”The report identified five areas that the world needs to deal with immediately.The scientists appealed to nations to use energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.They suggested that lawmakers approve taxes on the burning of carbon-based fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas.The report urges people to move toward more of a plant-based diet.Other areas of concern include preventing the destruction of forests and permanent loss of some plant and animal species.The report noted that it will most likely take strong action by the public to move politicians to approve lasting policy changes.The scientists added, “We believe that the prospects (前景) will be greatest if decision-makers and all of humanity quickly respond to this warning and declaration of a climate emergency, and act to support life on the planet Earth, our only home.”1.What will happen to people if they don’t stop the activities that influence the climate change?A.They will have no places to live in.B.They will be fined and lose their jobs.C.They will become bored with their life.D.They will go through a lot of sufferings.2.What have people done when facing the climate change in the past 40 years?A.They have ignored the scientists’ warning.B.They have solved the problem successfully.C.They have talked too much but done too little.D.They have realized the problem isn’t that serious.3.In which paragraph can we find the advice from the scientists about ways to control the climate change?A.Paragraph 1.  B.Paragraph 2.C.Paragraph 3.  D.Paragraph 4.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Scientists’ Hard Work of Saving the EarthB.The Important Reasons for Climate ChangeC.The Impact of Human Activities on ClimateD.Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency四The ocean covers over 70 percent of the surface of Earth today, but over 3 billion years ago the entire planet may have been covered in water.To investigate what our planet was like billions of years ago, a team of researchers turned to indirect methods of analysis at a geological site in the Australian Outback known as Panorama (全景畫) in the Pilbara Craton.Today, the region is 100 kilometers inland, but 3.2 billion years ago, it was deep underwater.In fact, there were also once ancient hydrothermal vents (熱水口) there where seawater bubbled up through the ocean floor.“There are no samples of really ancient ocean water lying around, but we do have rocks that interacted__with that seawater and remembered  that  interaction，”  lead  author  Benjamin Johnson, an assistant professor at Iowa State University, said in a statement.The researchers collected over 100 of these rock samples and found something peculiar in them: a slightly higher amount of a particular isotope (同位素) of oxygen.The vast majority of oxygen on Earth is Oxygen-16 and contains eight protons (質(zhì)子) and eight neutrons.However, about  0.20  percent is Oxygen-18.Samples from Australia show the region’s ancient water contained more Oxygen-18 than present times.Since continents are covered in clay-rich soil that is efficient at trapping Oxygen-18, the team suggests that without continents covered in soil, more Oxygen-18 would have been present in the ocean.Their discovery indeed suggests there wasn’t much dry land available 3.24 billion years ago.“There’s nothing in what we’ve done that says you can’t have tiny, micro-continents sticking out of the oceans，” added co-author Boswell Wing.“We just don’t think there were global-scale formations of continental soils like we have today.”The researchers don’t know when and how continents began to emerge out of the ocean but they plan to investigate “younger”rock formations to piece together a more precise timeline.1.Where is the research site?A.In a region deep underwater.B.In a region off Australia.C.In a region inland Australia.D.In a region outside the Pilbara Craton.2.What do the underlined words “interacted with” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Had an effect on each other.B.Had a one-way effect.C.Had a mysterious effect.D.Had a negative effect.3.What’s the researchers’ conclusion after analyzing samples from Australia?A.Modern earth must have been a water world.B.Modern earth must have been a continental world.C.Ancient earth may have been a water world.D.Ancient earth may have been a continental world.4.What’s the researchers’ next focus of the study?A.To research continental soils’ formations.B.To research the ocean’s formations.C.To research “older” rock formations.D.To research “younger” rock formations.五The Tokyo Summer Olympics is going green.The 5，000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be “sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources, so that the games are easy on the environment.As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of “precious metals”， like gold and silver.But collecting enough of these metals to make 5，000 medals was a huge challenge.That’s because the amount of metal in each device is tiny.It would take about 20，000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold.Beginning in April 2017, the organizers placed collection boxes around the country, and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices.Soon people  began to  respond to the initiative, turning in smartphones, digital cameras, handheld games, and laptops.At first, collection went slowly, but soon more and more areas began to take part.By the end，1，621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces.After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted (熔煉) to get all the gold, silver, and bronze elements.This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill.It’s also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren’t safe for people to touch or breathe.By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals.They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold, 4，100 kilograms of silver and 2，200 kilograms of bronze.And now all the 5，000 medals are available for the would-be winners.1.What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?A.They are hugely valuable.B.They are of high quality.C.They are designed uniquely.D.They are made from e-waste.2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A.The difficulty of making the medals.B.The process of collecting old electronics.C.The initiative to recycle used smartphones.D.The classification of the collected devices.3.The underlined word  “tricky”  in Paragraph 5 means “________”.A.creative  B.well-paidC.demanding  D.time-consuming4.What’s the purpose of Tokyo’s way of making the medals?A.To advocate sustainable use of resources.B.To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.C.To introduce a new technique to make medals.D.To call people’s attention to environmental damage.七選五一Life in Death ValleyDeath Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada.As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.__1__ It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3，000 meters into the sky.Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months.Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius.__2__ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth.This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations，with colors of red, brown, gray, yellow and black.In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock.The lines are evidence of the past presence of water.__3__Much of Death Valley is flat and extremely dry.In some areas the ground is nothing but salt.However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley.__4__Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain.Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley.Visitors might see the dog-like animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley.Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9，000 years ago.Nowadays, more than one million people visit it each year.__5__ The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red.As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.A.The valley is full of life.B.The setting sun is visitors’ favorite.C.Images here seem to change each minute.D.Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.E.Death Valley doesn’t forgive those who are not careful.F.Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.G.The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. 寫作假定你是李華，你校交換生David有意加入學(xué)校陽光志愿者組織(Sunshine Volunteer Club)，向你咨詢相關(guān)情況，請你給他寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示支持；2.主要志愿活動；3.申請方式。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear David，       Yours，Li Hua二假定你是李華，你校成立了一個保護瀕危動物的志愿者小組。請你給即將來你校就讀的交換生Tom寫一封信，邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1．成立志愿者小組的目的；2.參加者情況介紹；3.活動時間及內(nèi)容。Dear Tom，       Yours，Li Hua三假如你是校報英語欄目的一名小記者。你校舉辦了一場關(guān)于地震自救的講座(lecture)。請你用英語為校報寫一篇新聞報道。內(nèi)容包括：1．時間及地點；2.講座內(nèi)容及主講人；3.參加者；4.收獲感想。                                                                                                     

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