特殊句式 1.特殊句式包括：①強(qiáng)調(diào)句　②倒裝句　③省略句　④祈使句　⑤感嘆句　⑥附加疑問句2．高考考查熱點(diǎn)：①強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it和that　②特殊句式中的there be　③一些常用的固定表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)高頻考點(diǎn)突破 考點(diǎn)1倒裝句一、完全倒裝完全倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。用法例句1.There be/live/lie/stand/remain/exist/come/go/seem/appear to be/happen to be/used to be表示“存在”意義There lived a strange little man.那里住著一個(gè)奇怪而身材矮小的人。 Once there lived an old fisherman by the sea.從前，海邊住著一位老漁夫。2.以 here，there，off，out，in，up，down，away，now，then等開頭，謂語是come，go，be等動(dòng)詞，且其主語為名詞時(shí)，通常使用完全倒裝Here goes the story.這個(gè)故事是這樣的。Away flew the bird.那只鳥飛走了。Then came another question.然后又一個(gè)問題被提出來了。3.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語，放在句首，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞，且主語為名詞In the cottage lives a family of six.在這間小屋里住著一家六口。 On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings.這條大街的兩側(cè)都聳立著許多大樓。4.表語(形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、副詞等)置于句首，一般是主語較長(zhǎng)或結(jié)構(gòu)為較復(fù)雜的句子Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人瞧不起的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。Standing around the teacher were her students.老師周圍站著的都是她的學(xué)生。5.such位于句首Such were his last words.他最后的話就是這些。二、部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分，如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，置于主語之前。如果句中的謂語部分不含有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。條件例句1.so＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語：表示“與前面所述的肯定情況相同”He used to have his further study abroad, so did I.他曾去國(guó)外深造過，我也去過。2.neither/nor＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語：表示“與前面所述的否定情況相同”One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither/nor can his wife.我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說外語，他的妻子也不會(huì)。3.否定副詞或短語置于句首時(shí)(否定詞修飾主語除外)，句子通常采用部分倒裝。常見的有：not，never，seldom，hardly，little，nowhere，rarely，scarcely，by no means，in no way，at no time，not until...，no sooner...(than)，hardly...(when)，not only...(but also)Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night.他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded.不僅城市被污染，而且街道也很擁擠。Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.他剛演講完，觀眾便歡呼起來。4.表語、謂語動(dòng)詞、狀語的倒裝：as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其中表語、狀語、動(dòng)詞等放在as或though之前Successful as he is, he is not proud.盡管他取得了成功，但他并不驕傲。Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.盡管我用盡力氣，我還是舉不起這塊石頭。5.so/such...that...句型中，so/such部分放在句首，該部分須采用部分倒裝So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形勢(shì)如此地嚴(yán)峻，每個(gè)人都面臨著一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)。Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.這么好的天氣，我們一起去外面玩吧。6.句子以were, had, should開頭，省略if的虛擬條件句Were I you, I would go with them.我要是你的話，我就跟他們一起去。Should he come, say “Nobody in” to him.萬一他來了，對(duì)他說：“公司沒人。”7.only與副詞、介詞短語及狀語從句連用放在句首時(shí)Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次之后，他才來參加會(huì)議。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有當(dāng)病得很重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。 將下列句子變?yōu)榈寡b句①She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.→Not until her mother returned                                           ．②I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.→Hardly                                                                              ．③He learned the sad news only after the war.→Only after the war                                                            ．④He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.→So clearly                                                            ． 考點(diǎn)2強(qiáng)調(diào)句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)分類用法例句陳述句It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分。(強(qiáng)調(diào)成分：主語、賓語、狀語。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人，用who或that皆可；指物，只用that。)It is my mother who/that does the cooking every day.每天都是我媽媽做飯。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.我昨天在旅館里遇到的正是這位漂亮女士。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.正是在北京我們參觀了鳥巢和水立方。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)一般疑問句Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分？Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games held in London?是在2012年第30屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在倫敦舉行的嗎？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task? 你哥哥是怎樣成功完成了那個(gè)困難的任務(wù)的？not...until...It is/was not until...that＋其他成分。It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.直到下車后我才意識(shí)到它。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞將助動(dòng)詞do，does或did放在動(dòng)詞原形之前She does like English.她的確喜歡英語。Do be careful while crossing the street.過馬路時(shí)一定要當(dāng)心。單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①It was when I got back to my apartment            I first came across my new neighbors.②It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house          __we saw Lily in the passenger seat.③                                      the noise of the street stopped.直到午夜，街上的嘈雜聲才停止。④                    that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？ ⑤He                                         ，but you were out.他上周日的確來看過你，但是你出去了。  考點(diǎn)3省略句一、狀語從句的省略用法例句1.表示條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或讓步等的狀語從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞，且從句的主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it時(shí)，常把從句中的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略。If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with you.如果有必要的話，我和你一起去。Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.過馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。2.用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可用“if＋so/not”省略句式Get up early tomorrow.If not(＝If you don’t get up early) , you will miss the first bus.明天要早起。如果不，你就趕不上首班公共汽車。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略用法例句1.在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞原形，只保留to。否定式的省略用not to。—Would you like to go with us?你愿意和我們一起去嗎？—I’m glad to，but I’m too busy.我很樂意去，但是我太忙了。The boy wanted to smoke but was told by the teacher not to.那個(gè)男孩想抽煙，但是老師不讓那樣做。2.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略to；但被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的to不可省略。I saw him enter the classroom just now.＝He was seen to enter the classroom just now.我剛才看見他走進(jìn)了教室。3.介詞but，except前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的具體形式時(shí)，后面的不定式不帶to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等著瞧。將下列省略句補(bǔ)充完整①If true，this will cause us a lot of trouble.→                                                            .②The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.→                                                            ．③While standing there, he heard a cry for help.→                                                            .考點(diǎn)4祈使句、附加疑問句和感嘆句一、祈使句 形式例句肯定式動(dòng)詞原形(＋其他成分)Go away! 滾開！Let＋賓語＋動(dòng)詞原形Let me help you.讓我?guī)椭恪?/span>Be＋過去分詞Be seated, please！請(qǐng)坐。否定式在肯定式之前加don’t或do notPlease don’t forget to take your medicine.請(qǐng)別忘了吃藥。Don’t be so anxious! 別那么緊張！Let＋賓語＋not＋動(dòng)詞原形Let her not stand up.讓她別站著。強(qiáng)調(diào)式Do＋動(dòng)詞原形Do give my regards to your parents.務(wù)必/一定代我向你父母問好。Never＋動(dòng)詞原形 Never come late.絕不要遲到。No＋(動(dòng))名詞 No parking! 禁止停車！表示假設(shè)(1)祈使句＋and＋陳述句＝名詞短語＋and＋陳述句＝if條件狀語從句＋主句(2)祈使句＋or＋陳述句＝if...not...＋主句Have a little patience and we’ll look into it soon.＝If you have a little patience, we’ll look into it soon.耐心點(diǎn)，我們很快就會(huì)調(diào)查此事的。Work harder，or you’ll fail.＝If you don’t work harder，you’ll fail.工作努力點(diǎn)，要不然你就會(huì)失敗。單句語法填空/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,       __(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.②Will you please read it again more slowly？(改為祈使句)→             again more slowly, please.③If you don’t listen to me, I’ll go.(改為同義句)→                 ,__or I’ll go.二、附加疑問句附加疑問句由“陳述句＋反意問句”構(gòu)成，基本原則是“前否后肯，前肯后否”。用法例句1.陳述部分是肯定意義時(shí)的附加疑問句：疑問部分用否定形式。You like traveling, don’t you？你喜歡旅游，是嗎？This is very important, isn’t it？這非常重要，是嗎？2.陳述部分含有否定詞的附加疑問句：陳述部分有seldom, hardly, never, little, few, nothing, nobody等時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定形式。You wouldn’t like to take these pills, would you?你不想吃這些藥，是嗎？His father can’t name the plant, can he?他父親叫不出這種植物的名字，是嗎？3.陳述部分含有賓語從句的附加疑問句：主句謂語是think, believe, expect等詞，且主語是第一人稱I或we時(shí)，附加疑問部分的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)與賓語從句保持一致，同時(shí)還要考慮到否定前移。I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？I don’t think he will come on time, will he?我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)按時(shí)來，對(duì)嗎？ 4.must表推測(cè)，作“一定，準(zhǔn)是”講，反意問句部分根據(jù)must后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式及含義采用動(dòng)詞形式。You must be tired，aren’t you?你一定很累，是嗎？He must have done it last night，didn’t he?他一定是昨天晚上做的，是嗎？5.附加疑問句的回答：根據(jù)答語內(nèi)容來確定用yes還是no。如果發(fā)生了，用肯定，否則用否定回答。當(dāng)陳述部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問句用肯定形式時(shí)，回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是的”。—He likes playing football，doesn’t he?他喜歡踢足球，不是嗎？—Yes, he does.是，他喜歡。—No, he doesn’t.不，他不喜歡。—You haven’t seen the film，have you?你沒有看過這部電影，是嗎？—Yes, I have.不，我看過。—No, I haven’t.是的，我沒有看過。 補(bǔ)全句子①He isn’t old,                     ? 他不老，是嗎？②The man went away,                       ? 那個(gè)男人走開了，不是嗎？③Let’s go home,                 ? 回家吧，好嗎？④We don’t believe that the news is true,                 ? 我們認(rèn)為消息不是真實(shí)的，對(duì)嗎？三、感嘆句 形式例句WhatWhat＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！What a clever boy he is!＝How clever a boy he is!＝How clever the boy is!多聰明的男孩子?。?/span>What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花?。?/span>How wonderful (it is)! 真棒！How time flies!時(shí)間過得真快啊！What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！HowHow＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！How＋形容詞/副詞(＋主語＋謂語)！How＋主語＋謂語！選擇填空：what，how①                nice!②                an honest boy Tom is!③                bad the weather in England is!④                exciting news you’ve brought us!綜合訓(xùn)練一.單句語法填空1．             a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.2．Jane won’t join us for dinner.Neither              Tom.3．Interesting               it may seem, I don’t like it.4．If you have a job,              devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.5．John opened the door.There              (stand)a girl he had never seen before.6．Was it on a lonely island              he was saved one month after the boat went down?7．Please do me a favor—             (invite) my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.8．He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，             ? 9．It is this process              allows us to keep memories of past events and facts.10．If you want to be part of this special day,              (join)the community as soon as possible.二.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1．If you use your head, you’ll find a way out.(改為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”)→                                                                 .2．Many buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.(改為全部倒裝)→                                                                .3．So far as I know, Mary seldom comes back to see her mother.(改為部分倒裝)→                                                                .4．He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.(就until部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))→                                                                .5．Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three.(改為正常語序)→                                                                .6．Be careful when you are crossing the street.(改為狀語從句的省略)→                                                                .三.語法填空Dear Zhang Yang, 1．           time flies! It has been half a year since you left your hometown.It is natural for you not to get used to the life there.Here 2.           (be) some suggestions for you.First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to involve yourself in the natives’ lives.Just 3.            the saying goes，“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”Secondly, 4.            (be) afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them.It is friendship 5.           will bring you happiness and relaxation.What’s more, 6.           not join in more outdoor activities? 7.           in this way can you relax and have fun.Finally, mind your own manners when 8.           (get)along with your friends.   I do 9.           (hope) my suggestions will help.10.           (may) you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there!Yours sincerely，Li Hua四．寫作根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全短文，并注意本部分語法的使用Have a healthy lifestyleAs we all know, health is very important.1.                                            (只有當(dāng)我們健康的時(shí)候，我們才能學(xué)習(xí)好和享受生活)．However, many teenagers don’t pay any attention to their health, especially during the holiday.And 2.                                                       (他們花了太多的時(shí)間看電視，玩游戲，網(wǎng)上聊天), which is bad for their health.Firstly, this may make them get near－sighted.Secondly,                                            (他們很少走動(dòng)), so their bodies become much weaker.Thirdly, they will lose the chance to communicate with others face to face, 4.                                            (這可能會(huì)對(duì)他們的心理健康產(chǎn)生不良影響)．In my opinion, they should spend less time in front of the TV or the computer.5.                                            (出去鍛煉一下), play some sports and visit some friends.

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