專題13 必刷歷年閱讀理解（應(yīng)用文，記敘文，說明文，議論文）——2023年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試專項精講+測試（新教材北師大版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?2022-2023年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試必備考點歸納與測試
（新教材北師大版）
必刷歷年閱讀理解

（2022·北京·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Harvest Celebrations
People around the world pick, or harvest food that grows. Then they have a holiday. Let's read about some harvest celebrations!

Every February, the people of Mendoza, Argentina, harvest their grapes. Then they celebrate for a month! There are parades (游行), shows, and fireworks. They always choose a Harvest Queen, too.

Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May. The Fruit Fair begins with a parade of floats (游行彩車) made from thousands of fruits and vegetables.

The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa. It's a four-day festival held at the end of February to celebrate the end of all farming activities. On the last day there's a fishing contest. People have one hour to catch the largest fish. But it's not that easy. They can only use traditional fishing tools. But many use only their hands to catch the fish.

France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges. More than 200, 000 people from around the world come to Menton for this festival.

1．Which of the following is celebrated in May?
A．The Harvest Festival in Mendoza. B．The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi.
C．The Argungu Fishing Festival. D．The Menton Lemon Festival.
2．The Argungu Fishing Festival started in _____________.
A．Argentina B．Thailand C．Nigeria D．France
3．What can be seen in the Menton Lemon Festival?
A．The big parades. B．The Fruit Fair.
C．A fishing contest. D．A Harvest Queen.
4．In which section of a newspaper may readers find this passage?
A．Sport. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture.

（2022·江蘇省蘇州第十中學(xué)校高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games are around the corner. And the first editions of the Beijing 2022 Playbooks were published, which provide COVID-19 guidelines and will help participants prepare for travelling to and arriving in China.
Vaccination (接種疫苗)
●It will be required to be fully vaccinated at least 14 days before departure for China, in order to be allowed entry.
●Anyone not fully vaccinated will need to be separated for 21 days upon arriving in Beijing. Exceptions may be permitted for athletes and official teams for medical reasons.
●The “My 2022” app will be needed to monitor and track your health for 14 days before your leaving for China.
●A negative COVID-19 test result will be needed before your departure for China.
Closed loop (閉環(huán)控制)
●Within the closed loop system, all Games participants will only move between permitted destinations in dedicated Games transport.
●COVID-19 screenings will happen daily during the Games.
●Avoid crowds if possible.
Hygiene (衛(wèi)生)
●Wear a face mask at all times, except when training, competing, eating, drinking, sleeping or when alone.
●Wash your hands regularly. Support athletes by clapping instead of singing or chanting.
●Get a test if you experience any symptoms.
5．What is required for the Games entry before coming to China?
A．Vaccination received immediately. B．The “My 2022” app to track health.
C．A positive COVID-19 test result. D．Isolation required for 21 days.
6．What can the Games participants do in Beijing?
A．They can travel to and from many destinations.
B．They can escape COVID-19 screenings.
C．They can take off face masks in certain situations.
D．They can support athletes by singing or chanting.
7．Where can the text be found?
A．An official website. B．A science book.
C．A fashion magazine. D．An online course.

（2022·云南·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Let’s Celebrate!
No matter what kind of culture you come across, there’s always a reason to celebrate! Check out four amazing festivals around the world.

Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival
Every June people get together in Wisconsin, USA, to honor cheese (奶酪).The celebration lasts three days and it's full of different events for the whole family. There are concerts, free cheese tasting, the Big Cheese Parade and Big Cheese Breakfast, etc.

La Tomatina
Every August, Buiol, Spain, hosts a festival where the world’s biggest hour-long food fight takes place. Around 20,000 people take part in the event, throwing over a hundred tons of tomatoes at each other in all. What a juiced-up celebration!

Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival
Are there any festivals to celebrate in winter？Sure! Come to Harbin, China. It is home to Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival. The festival starts on January s every year. During the month-long festival, people can enjoy the largest and most beautiful ice and snow sculptures (雕塑) in the world.

Monkey Buffet Festival
The Monkey Buffet Festival is on the last Sunday of November. It is a great day for monkeys in Thailand. People there think monkeys can bring good luck to them. So, to thank monkeys, they have this special festival to feed them.

8．What can people do in Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival?
A．Throw fruits. B．Play with animals.
C．Enjoy music. D．Go snowboarding.
9．Which festival lasts the longest time?
A．Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival. B．La Tomatina.
C．Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival. D．Monkey Buffet Festival.
10．Where can the text be found?
A．In a science report. B．On a sports website.
C．In a grammar textbook. D．In a culture magazine.

（2022·山西臨汾·高三學(xué)業(yè)考試）Shaanxi food occupies an important position in Chinese cuisine. Its capital city, Xi’an, has a wide range of delicious food. Here are some of them.
Yangrou paomo
Yangrou paomo, or pita bread soaked in lamb soup, is another signature food of Xi’an. The main ingredient in this mouth-watering dish is mutton and pita bread. The hard bread is torn into small pieces and added to a bowl, then topped with stewed and sliced mutton, scallion, coriander and chili, and then the soup is poured over all of it.
Biangbiang noodles
Biangbiang noodles (stewed-pork hand-ripped noodles) are thick, fat and long. Each noodle is three fingers wide, spiraling down into a big bowl. It is served dry, with toppings of chili and pork belly in alternating layers of fat and lean meat. Biangbiang noodles are famous not only for their distinctive taste, but also for the name, the character of which is so complicated that many Chinese don’t know how to write it. Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noodles and bang them against the table.
Dumpling
A visit to Xi’an is not complete unless you try the dumplings. They are made in different shapes, colors and flavors—sour, sweet or peppery. The dumplings have different fillings. Cooking methods have also expanded, from boiling to frying.
Rougamo
Ancient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun (a kind of small bread). The most important part of “Rougamo” is the special sauce meat. According to the history record, “Rougamo” first found in book is in Qin Dynasty, which was called “Hanmo”. “Rougamo” is not only a sign of the ancient city, but also a sign of Chinese traditional foods.
11．In which group bread is used as main ingredient?
A．Yangrou paomo and dumpling.
B．Biangbiang noodles and dumpling.
C．Yangrou paomo and Rougamo.
D．Rougamo and Biangbiang noodles.
12．What makes Biangbiang noodles get its name?
A．The sound when they are made.
B．The ingredients they include.
C．The chef who creates them.
D．The place where they are made.
13．Where can we possibly read the passage?
A．In a health magazine. B．In a story book.
C．In a science fiction. D．In a food brochure.

（2022·山西·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Advice on Writing from Famous Writers
◆Hilary Mantel—a little pride can be a great help
The most helpful quality a writer can develop is self-confidence, if you can manage it. You write to impress yourself on the world, and you have to believe in your own ability when the world shows no sign of agreeing with you.
◆Leo Tolstoy—pick the hours that work best for you
Tolstoy believed in starting first thing: “I always write in the morning. I was pleased to hear lately that Rousseau, too, after he got up in morning, went for a short walk and sat down to work. In the morning one’s head is particularly fresh. The best thoughts most often come in the morning after waking while you are still in bed or during the walk.”
◆William Faulkner—read to write
Read, read, read everything—rubbish, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter(木匠)who works as a beginner and studies under the master. Read! You’ll take it in. Then write. If it is good, you’ll find out. If it’s not, throw it out of the window.
◆Katherine Mansfield—writing anything is better than nothing
Looking back, I imagine I was always writing. Even it was rubbish. But it’s far better to write rubbish or anything than nothing at all.
14．What should you have in writing according to Hilary Mantel?
A．A sense of pride. B．Rich knowledge.
C．Courage to begin. D．Opportunities.
15．What did Leo Tolstoy and Rousseau have in common?
A．They went for a short walk after rising. B．They chose to write in the morning.
C．They started to work while in bed. D．They got up at the best time.
16．What did Katherine Mansfield value in writing?
A．Reading good works. B．Keeping on reading.
C．Practising writing. D．Gaining others’ respect.

（2022·天津河北·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）“Where is the light?” My dad used to ask me the question when I was little. It’s one of those questions that parents often use to find out how smart their young children are. During my teenage years, my dad jokingly told me that he thought I was going to be dimwitted(愚蠢的) because I pointed at him whenever he asked me where the light was.
Dad is from a rural area about 230 kilometers north of the capital Manila, and where most people live off the land, raising and selling livestock and poultry. His father, an artist and street magician, died when he was very young. To make ends meet, his mother went about town and washed laundry in various households. My dad found himself alone—lack of nurturing (養(yǎng)育) and love, short of family bonds.
Dad loved reading and always looked for opportunities to educate himself. One day, when my father was 16 and out of work, a stranger saw him sitting under a tree, absorbed in a book. He approached Dad and asked him why he wasn't in school. Dad replied that he had no money for college. The stranger saw his desire to study and recommended him to University of the Cordilleras as a working student. He also gave Dad a job in a local factory. Thanks to the warm-hearted stranger, Dad got his Bachelor of Arts degree, then went on to study law and became a successful lawyer. He wrote a widely-read textbook on Philippine law.
Looking at my father now, I can see how he was able to overcome so many obstacles. He is by nature a hardworking man, pouring his energy into his career without forgetting his family. He values education—when we were younger, he would tell me and my brother to constantly seek improvement in ourselves through learning.
Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive (有凝聚力的)unit with love and faith as its foundation.
There are times when my dad kids around and asks me, using my childhood nickname, “Sasi, where's the light?”
I just smile, and point at him.
17．What joke did Dad play on the writer?
A．He considered her a little foolish.
B．He treated himself as the light.
C．He turned the light on to be dim for her.
D．He asked her to answer many difficult questions.
18．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ______.
A．Dad got along well with his father B．Dad didn’t have a happy childhood
C．Dad was particular about his clothes D．Dad used to wander in the market
19．How did Dad finish his college education?
A．He got much money from a stranger.
B．He won a scholarship by studying hard.
C．He paid his fees by doing a part-time job.
D．He earned money by writing books on law.
20．In the eyes of the writer, her dad ______.
A．chose careers for his children
B．taught his children by himself at home
C．a(chǎn)cted as the light in his children’s lives
D．worked too hard to look after his children
21．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To stress the importance of the light.
B．To recall a question asked by her dad.
C．To introduce the benefit of a close family.
D．To praise her dad for his effort to achieve his goals.

（2022·寧夏銀川·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. After choosing his presents, he came to the checkout counter (交款處) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. “You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you,” said the woman. “It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.”
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
22．When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in________.
A．with the writer B．by himself
C．with the woman D．with his friends
23．What happened to Mark in the supermarket?
A．His gifts were stolen. B．He broke his basket.
C．He lost his money. D．He lost his way.
24．What did the woman ask Mark to do after paying for him?
A．To help others. B．To give her money.
C．To say “thank you” to her. D．To forget the experience.
25．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．A big supermarket B．A kind woman
C．A happy family D．A wonderful gift

（2022·天津市民族中學(xué)高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Modern technology has a strong influence on every part of our life, including the education in the universities.
Ashok Goel, a professor of Georgia Institute of Technology, says he uses the Internet in almost all of the classes he teaches. Every term over 300 graduate students take his class on artificial intelligence (人工智能). The students never meet in person. All of the classes take place online — through a website, which lets students ask questions and complete their work from anywhere in the world.
Having hundreds of students in a class means Ashok Goel has to answer thousands of questions. He has eight teaching assistants to help him. But even that is not enough to give all the students the help they need.
So, in January, Goel had an idea. He decided to try an experiment. At the start of the spring 2016 term, he added a new member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. She was able to answer questions faster than most other teaching assistants. And she was available 24 hours a day.
It was only at the end of the term that Goel’s students learned Watson’s true identity: she was not a real person like the other teaching assistants. Jill Watson was an AI computer program.
And it seems Goel’s stories will become more common in the universities.
A website called Campus Technology publishes stories about how colleges and universities use new technology. In August, the site published a survey of over 500 professors and their use of technology. Fifty-five percent of the professors asked students to use study materials online before coming to class. And, more than 70 percent combined (使相結(jié)合) online materials and face-to-face teaching in their classrooms.
26．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Goel seldom uses the Internet in his class.
B．The students take Goel’s class online.
C．Goel occasionally meets his colleagues.
D．Goel’s students dislike going to college.
27．Why does Goel have many teaching assistants to help him?
A．He is not a clever professor.
B．He wants to have a good sleep.
C．He does not want to give answers.
D．He has no time to answer all the questions.
28．What can we know about Jill Watson?
A．She was a real person. B．She helped Goel with his work.
C．She was one of Goel’s students. D．She could ask all the questions.
29．What does the underlined word “identity” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Who a person is. B．The name of a person.
C．Where a person is from. D．A person’s contribution.
30．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Ashok Goel has eight assistants to help him.
B．New technology is changing our way of living.
C．Modern technology greatly influences college education.
D．Teachers will be completely replaced by the computers.

（2022·山西·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）When David Carter started his art major at the University of Texas at Austin in 1971, he had big dreams of becoming an artist or a writer. But he dropped out of university at 23 after he hurt his hand badly in an incident. He was later diagnosed with schizophrenia(精神分裂癥) and spent several years without a home. Carter liked to spend time around UT-Austin, because he dreamed of being able to continue his study in the university and becoming a writer.
UT-Austin student Ryan Chandler said he met Carter during an assignment(任務(wù))??on homelessness for The Daily Texan. “I interviewed him about homeless problems. After I heard his story, we kept in touch and really became friends. I learned he wanted to get back to UT-Austin, so I decided to help him.” said Chandler.
With the help of Chandler, who worked with the university office, Carter was assigned and adviser by UN-Austin’s College of Fine Arts. “It’s the greatest blessing I’ve ever received,” Carter said. “He did what had to be done to get me back to school, and I couldn’t have done it without him.” after seeing a magazine article about Carter, a UT-Austin alumnus(校友) decided to pay his tuition fees without telling his name.
Doug Dempster, dean of the college of Fine Arts, said in a statement that the school would be looking to help Carter in any way it could. “David Carter’s determination to complete his degree is a testament to finishing well what was started, and stopped, even many years earlier. We welcome him back as we do many students each year whose education could not be completed easily. We’re going to help him through his remaining course work.”
31．Why did Carter stop studying in the university?
A．He couldn’t afford his study. B．He had a hand injury.
C．He got a strange disease. D．He hurt an artist.
32．What was Chandler’s purpose in interviewing Carter?
A．To do an assignment on homelessness.
B．To learn why he hung around UT-Austin.
C．To make friends with a homeless person.
D．To finish his homework on helping others.
33．Which of the following words can best describe Chandler?
A．Brave. B．Honest. C．Strong-minded D．Warm-hearted
34．What can we learn from Dempster’s words in the statement?
A．He encourages Carter to study hard.
B．He calls on other students to help Carter.
C．He supports students who never give up.
D．He suggests other students learn form Carter.

（2022·廣東·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁癥) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.
Books have been used by many to reduce depression. I lose myself into them as thirstily as usually get my morning coffee. Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre. Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa.
It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books. And isn’t that what art and literature is for? According to JJ Bola, the author of No Place to Call Home, “The world can get you so down that you think you’re the only person going through what you’re going through. But then you read and you realize that you are not alone that if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too.” It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all.
35．What was the possible cause for the author’s illness?
A．His personality. B．His poor health.
C．Sleeplessness. D．Cold and wet seasons.
36．The author likes reading old favorite books because they help him________.
A．kill time B．keep warm
C．enjoy Christmas time D．drive away emptiness
37．Which book may the author probably read when he feels cold?
A．Jane Eyre. B．Out of Africa.
C．Alice in Wonderland. D．No Place to Call Home.
38．Through reading, the author________.
A．finds a way to escape his sadness
B．gets along better with others
C．leans more about other cultures
D．becomes more interested in literature
39．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Reading Reduces Depression B．Reading Keeps You Warm
C．How to Escape Loneliness D．How to Survive Winters

（2022·山西臨汾·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）I accidentally found a time capsule, in purple and green floss (絲線) in the midst of sorting out some old things last month. Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手鏈)—an important part of my teenage summers. Holding it in my hand made me think about those precious memories of childhood, which my kids will never know firsthand.
My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them. The experience was intoxicating—like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond. Those bracelets represented how much we meant to each other, at a time when our friends were becoming the center of our lives.
I slept with my bracelets and showered with them. I wore them all summer long at camp. And I acquired new bracelets from friends there—friends who received carefully crafted bracelets from me in return, as we said our tearful end-of-summer goodbyes. I thought having them helped ease the pain of leaving my friends. But now I see that they were really helping me to leave behind childhood.
My kids don’t go to summer camp. They certainly don’t exchange anything as uncool as bracelets with their friends. They hang out on Discord (一種聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.
Their relationships with their phones leave no time or space for writing letters or making bracelets, and their gifts to one another leave no clear and definite traces. There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.
40．Why does the author compare a bracelet to a time capsule?
A．It is faded and worn.
B．It is shaped like a capsule.
C．It reminds her of her childhood.
D．It was made by the author herself.
41．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “intoxicating” in Paragraph 2?
A．Exciting. B．Terrible.
C．Professional. D．Strange.
42．Why does the author think her kids’ childhood is different from hers?
A．They spend too much time on their cellphones.
B．They make more friends at summer camp.
C．They are unwilling to give bracelets to parents.
D．They often send hand-made gifts to their friends.
43．What can be implied about the friendship bracelets?
A．They proved the author’s kids had much to physically hold on to.
B．They gave meaning to the author’s childhood in a way her kids will never know.
C．They represented both the author and her kids’ unforgettable childhood.
D．They recalled the author’s deep sorrow of leaving close friends at summer camp.

（2022·山西臨汾·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）The way people decorate their homes can tell a lot about themselves. Obviously the way we decorate our homes is very personal. And while many of us have plenty of options, there are always people who go that little bit further. So, when it comes to minimalism (極簡主義) and maximalism (極繁主義) , which one appeals to you more?
Minimalism was an art movement that started in the 1950s. Its basic principles come from a concept of less is more, reducing things to their most basic. Some people took that art style and used it as a way of living. Their houses are usually decorated in simple colors, often just black and white. For some, especially maximalists, it may seem a bit boring or depressing. However, living in this way is seen by many as more organized and practical.
Maximalism started in the 1970s. It embraces the core ideals that “more is more”. While minimalism centres around the principle of removing, if it’s easy to imagine that a maximalists’ home is piled with items—but that’s not the basic idea. It’s more about making the most of the area. Organized excess and bright colors combined with mixed patterns is what you will see in a home like this. For a minimalist, being used to more simple designs, it could be uneasy. But for those who embrace it, those things give a space personality.
The way you have your home is up to you! But, if you choose maximalism, you may need to prepare for a bit more dusting.
44．What may maximalists think of minimalists’ lifestyle?
A．Interesting. B．Practical. C．Amazing. D．Dull.
45．What can we learn about maximalism?
A．It was an art movement at first.
B．It focuses on using the space fully.
C．It is criticized for wasting resources.
D．It dates back to as early as the 1950s.
46．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By making comparison.
B．By explaining causes.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing facts.
47．According to the passage, how will you choose between minimalism and maximalism?
A．Love me, love my dog.
B．Whatever you like depends on yourself.
C．Birds of a feather flock together.
D．Cut your coat according to your cloth.

（2022·山西·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggest that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
In a series of studies, researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence, even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
Danfei Hu, a doctoral student at the Pennsylvania State University, and Janet N. Ann, an assistant professor of Psychology at William Paterson University, said the findings—recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology—will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
According to the researchers, there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college. To help solve the problem, Hu and Ann wanted to research role models, who give the students specific goals, behavior or strategies they can follow.
The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively. In the first study, all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career. However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories were the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius, with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent,” Hu said. “Edison, on the other hand, is known for failing more than 1,000 times when trying to create the light bulb, and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added, “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.”
48．What kind of scientist is more encouraging?
A．Those who are famous around the world.
B．Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
C．Those who are famous for their hard work.
D．Those who are viewed as great inventors.
49．What is the concern in the science community?
A．There are fewer role models for students to follow.
B．Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
C．The students will drop out of school soon.
D．Fewer students will work on science.
50．Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems?
A．They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B．They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
C．They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
D．They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
51．What is the best title for the text?
A．Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison
B．Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C．How to Be a Great Scientist
D．Einstein’s Success Story

（2022·安徽·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder，for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds，tended the fields，and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time，he did many other jobs on the farm. However，he didn’t make the bricks for his house，cut his trees into boards，make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead，he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron，Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps，he thought，other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read，they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio，or sound，although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally，just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument，such as a bell，were used to get people’s attention.
A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone，probably a man，with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt，shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods，explained where they came from，and praised their quality. His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.
52．What probably led to the start of advertising?
A．The discovery of iron.
B．The specialization of labor.
C．The appearance of new jobs.
D．The development of farming techniques.
53．To advertise his plows，Mr. Plowright________.
A．praised his plows in public
B．placed a sign outside the shop
C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D．showed his products to the customers
54．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to________.
A．explain the origin of advertising
B．predict the future of advertising
C．expose problems in advertising
D．provide suggestions for advertising
55．In ancient Egypt，a crier was probably someone who ________.
A．owned a ship
B．had the loudest voice
C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D．functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
56．The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A．the history of advertising
B．the benefits of advertising
C．the early forms of advertising
D．the basic design of advertising

（2022·北京·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔間) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said. At times, the best way to focus in this type of office is to reach for one’s headphones and listen to music.
The open office idea is not new; it was created by a team of consultants from Hamburg, Germany, in the 1950s. Called the office landscape (景觀) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas. The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects. Now, the open office idea is often used as an excuse for companies to save money on building costs, paying no attention to the effect on working performance.
Many start-ups have a great interest in the open office idea. Take Chartbeat for example. The company’s 50-plus staff members get to choose their desk and chair styles, and everyone shares an open space with the CEO sitting in the middle. The office space has both single workstations and informal meeting areas where workers can relax themselves on sofas. While this design may be perfect for workers in start-ups, it may not be convenient for workers who have a great need of personal space.
In 2011 Matthew Davis, an organizational psychologist (心理學(xué)家), reviewed over a hundred studies regarding office environments. He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices. What's worse, a study in Denmark found that workers in open offices took more sick days than those working in traditional offices.
Even though open office plans present hidden problems in terms of worker health and personal needs, businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.
57．What is mainly discussed about the open office in paragraph 1?
A．The benefit. B．The problem. C．The history. D．The management.
58．What was the original purpose of the office landscape plan?
A．To save space. B．To reduce cost.
C．To improve working conditions. D．To encourage communication.
59．According to Matthew Davis, staff in open offices are ___________.
A．less stressed B．more energetic C．less concentrated D．more hardworking
60．What does the underlined phrase “account for” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Include. B．Record. C．Be a part of. D．Be a cause of.

（2022·甘肅·天水市第一中學(xué)高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）All networks like 3G and 4G will be things of the past, because 5G will be reachable in the near future. So, what’s so special about a 5G future? First of all, its download speed can be as fast as 20GB/s, which is 100 to 200 times that of 4G. But what’s more impressive is 5G’S low delay rate. Now, 4G takes an average of 200 milliseconds (毫秒) to send and receive information. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond.
5G is a great breakthrough (突破). It’s going to change the way equipment connects to the Internet, and more importantly, to each other. And self-driving cars may be one of the biggest breakthroughs to come out of 5G. Human reaction time is 200 milliseconds, yet we still have accidents every day. The self-driving car under a 5G network could react and communicate its reaction to hundreds of cars around it, all within 1 millisecond. It’ll play a great role in preventing car accidents and ending traffic jams completely.
5G can benefit us in many other ways. Operations could be performed by robots controlled by experts from the other side of the world. Therefore, more lives will be saved in time. Factories can be staffed by robots that can communicate their tasks to each other, and they can do more work efficiently over a 5G network. Imagine a group of drones (無人機) flying over a field of crops, using sensors (傳感器) on the ground to sort, pick, feed, and water plants all on their own. Then farmers won’t have to work so hard anymore.
But, 5G is not perfect. One major disadvantage has to do with why it’s so fast. 5G uses the millimeter waves, while 4G uses the 15 to 40 centimeter-long waves. And shorter waves go fast but not very far. On 4G networks, the signal can go 10 kilometers. But the 5G signal can go at most 300 meters, and it can’t even go through walls or rain. So, what does that mean? Having such a short signal distance means we need to build a lot of transmitters (信號發(fā)射塔) in the future.
61．How does the author show us 5G’s advantages in Paragraph 1?
A．By giving examples of the uses of 5G.
B．By making comparisons between 4G and 5G.
C．By explaining the scientific principles of 5G.
D．By analyzing 5G’s development from 4G.
62．According to the author, the self-driving cars will ______.
A．cause more car accidents
B．slow down 5G’s development
C．ran without being connected to the Internet
D．have a much faster reaction speed than humans
63．What does the underlined part “be staffed by robots” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Be built by robots.
B．Have robots as workers.
C．Offer employees home robots.
D．Produce more medical robots.
64．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The development of 5G is challenging.
B．Some disadvantages of 5G network remain to be improved.
C．5G network could be applied to hospitals, factories and drones.
D．5G is a great breakthrough and can benefit people in many ways.

（2022·甘肅·天水市第一中學(xué)高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Many of us think of sharks as powerful, mysterious, and lonely as they move through the deep. And no wonder the fish have long been portrayed in popular media as lone predators, appearing out of nowhere to attack. But that image has come under inspection in recent years, as shark researchers around the world have discovered the fish gathering in large numbers and interacting with others of their own species in ways that are obviously friendly.
Yannis Papastamatiou, a marine scientist at Florida International University, and his team used acoustic transmitters to record the interactions over four years of about 40 reef sharks around Hawaii. Their study found that reef sharks return to the same communities year after year, forming clear preferences for sharks with some friendships that endured throughout the study. In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. “These weren’t random associations,” he says.
Finding out why sharks socialize — and how much of their behavior is cooperative — is a challenge, but there are some clues, such as food availability and warmer waters. Great white sharks, are showing up in record numbers along southern California beaches as the population has doubled since 1994. While great white sharks typically maintain distances of about 30 feet from each other and don’t seem too close, they are clearly drawn together by a preference for the area. In some cases, there may not be an obvious purpose for shark’s friendship. At the Bimini Shark Lab, Smukall and his colleagues found that young lemon sharks sought out companionship of other sharks for no clear reason. There’s growing evidence that lemon sharks have their own personalities, which may influence whether they spend time with other sharks, he adds.
More would be known about the intimate lives of sharks if the field weren’t so new, due in part to a lack of funding and sharks’ negative reputation. “We’ve only had about 20 years to really start studying sharks,” says Smukall.
65．Why do the reef sharks return to the same groups every year?
A．To move to other places together. B．To find a better place to lay eggs.
C．To change the food chain of the sea. D．To search for the company of other fish.
66．Which of the following is NOT the reason why sharks socialize?
A．Global Warming. B．Preference for an area.
C．Sharks’ personalities. D．Food availability.
67．What can be found according to Yannis’s 2016 study?
A．Sharks usually spend four days with their peers.
B．The relationship between some sharks is steady.
C．All the sharks were attached to recording devices.
D．Sharks have thousands of interactions every day.
68．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Sharks always have a bad reputation.
B．Scientist will begin studying sharks in 20 years.
C．There will be a long way to go before knowing sharks completely.
D．It is unnecessary to put money into the research of the sharks.

（2022·山西·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Many of the Earth's creatures die because of humans' choices. These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive. What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.
People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags, from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a person's life. Deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough. People who kill wildlife illegally rarely get caught.
During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory. These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants were decreasing. As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷獵) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可圖的).
However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while. In the late 1970s, people protested (抗議) against the killing of seal babies. Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat. The cruel activity stopped. But ten years later, the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.
Other animal protection movements have come and gone, such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins. The whale population appears to have increased for now. And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species. Plenty of them urgently need attention. During this time, will the elephants be forgotten?
69．What leads to the disappearance of millions of wild animals?
A．The growing human population.
B．Humans’ hope for making a fortune.
C．Humans’ too much need for wild food.
D．Not having enough laws on wildlife protection..
70．What can you infer from the text about what happened in the late 1980s?
A．Wildlife protection groups did make great efforts.
B．Importing ivory in all countries is illegal.
C．Those who killed elephants all got caught.
D．Hunting was completely not allowed.
71．Why are seal babies mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．To show the effort to protect seal babies.
B．To show an increasing number of seal babies.
C．To show the decrease of worry about certain species.
D．To show people’s protest against the killing of seal babies.
72．What does the author mean by using the underlined sentence?
A．Humans should choose some rare animals to protect.
B．Attention must be paid to saving some endangered wildlife.
C．Success has been achieved in quite a few cases of wildlife protection.
D．Concern and movements for animal protection should be always kept.

（2022·云南·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Do you like fishing? Have you ever put a fish back into the water after catching it? What made you decide to do this?
One day, two fishermen were fishing in a pool. Both of them were looking forward to getting a big catch. The first fisherman caught a big and beautiful fish after an hour. He was very happy. He put the fish in his icebox. He would cook it in the afternoon. Soon, the second fisherman also caught a large fish. Surprisingly, he threw it back into the pool. Later, he caught many more big fish. But he only threw them back into the water again and again.
The first fisherman felt strange and asked, "Why are you throwing the fish back into the water? They were beautiful and big!" The second fisherman answered, "I know they were big, but I don't have a pan（平底鍋）big enough to cook big fish! So I'm looking for a smaller fish that fits my cooking pan. "The first fisherman was surprised by the answer. He told the second fisherman "I will cut the big fish into smaller pieces to fit them into the small pan."
Many of us are just like the second fisherman. We don't think carefully and this sometimes causes us to lose a chance.
73．What's the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To ask for readers' help. B．To change readers' hobbies.
C．To attract readers' attention. D．To test readers' fishing skills.
74．When did the second fisherman catch a fish?
A．After buying a big pan. B．Next to the first fisherman.
C．On the afternoon of that day. D．At the very beginning of fishing.
75．How did the first fisherman feel about the second one's action?
A．Shocked. B．Bored. C．Pleased. D．Moved.
76．What can we learn from the story?
A．A chance calls for waiting patiently.
B．To teach fishing is better than to give fish.
C．One can't eat fish and own it at the same time.
D．Chances are for those who are good at thinking.

（2022·福建·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）A Kickstarter launched Friday will allow interested parties to set up a camera and pet toys in their home for anyone to play with their pets remotely. It’s called the iPet Companion, an Internet-connected camera and device that streams video online and allows basic commands from people watching. They can move the camera, look at their pet and press a button to swing a toy around.
Obviously, demand is strong. The Kickstarter proved so popular that Scott Harris, iPet Companion’s founder, said that thousands of people started asking for it.
The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. If you want, you can enter a queue to move the camera and play with the pets. Each room has toys that are hooked(鉤住) into Internet-connected devices, and you can move them by pressing a button.
But there’s sort of a problem: Pets get bored easily. Young pets will stay more interested than adult pets, but finally even a baby pet will get bored, too. To stop that from happening, you’d better limit the pets’ access(接近) to the toys and change the place where they’re located in the room.
Harris understands this and said you can plug anything into that adaptor(適配器) —toys that you can get on your own. And that’s where the iPet Companion really gets interesting. Harris explained that the device is actually sort of a Trojan horse to bring the “Internet of things” to more homes. You don’t really have to use it for pets. The adapter could be used for any device with an electrical plug — a sprinkler(灑水器), say that you’d be able to water your grass.
“Our whole goal, our whole purpose is to let anyone control any physical object that they want to while they travel anywhere in the world”, Harris said.
77．What does the underlined word “remotely” in Para 1 probably mean?
A．Far away. B．For free. C．With pity. D．Out of control.
78．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Any of your toys can be used as an adapter.
B．The founder is in favor of a Trojan horse.
C．The younger the pets are, the more easily they get bored.
D．People can only use iPet Companion with the Internet accessible.
79．Why did iPet Companion interest many people?
A．It can be used to kill time.
B．It is easy to control online.
C．It can meet all of their demands.
D．They can show their love for faraway pets by using it.
80．Why do the pets stop playing the toys soon?
A．Pets are not clever enough to play the toys.
B．They don’t receive rewards from the games.
C．Toys are played with too often at the same place.
D．Adult pets prevent young ones from playing the games.
81．What can we infer from what Scott Harris said?
A．Kickstarter is only a kind of toy.
B．Kickstarter can be used in many other way.
C．iPet Companion can actually be turned into a toy horse.
D．iPet Companion can look after pets while their owners are away.

參考答案：
1．B????2．C????3．A????4．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界各地的人們采摘或收獲生長的食物，分別描述了四個豐收慶祝活動。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個表格“Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May.（Chanthaburi,泰國的一個小鎮(zhèn)，以其美味的水果而聞名。人們在五月的收獲季節(jié)慶祝水果。）”可知，The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi是在五月份慶祝。故選B項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個表格“The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa.（Argungu捕魚節(jié)于1934年在非洲國家尼日利亞開始。）”可知，The Argungu Fishing Festival是在尼日利亞開始的。故選C項。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四個表格“France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges.（法國著名的Menton Lemon Festival將于二月開始。有裝飾著檸檬和橙子的大型游行花車）”可知，在Menton Lemon Festival可以看到大型游行。故選A項。
4．推理判斷題。文章主要介紹四個豐收慶?；顒印＝Y(jié)合選項A. Sport運動；B. Business商業(yè)；C. Science科學(xué)；D. Culture文化，文化更符合題意。故選D項。
5．B????6．C????7．A

【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是北京冬奧會關(guān)于新冠肺炎疫情的指南。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Vaccination (接種疫苗)部分的“The “My 2022” app will be needed to monitor and track your health for 14 days before your leaving for China.（需要“我的2022”應(yīng)用來監(jiān)測和跟蹤您前往中國前14天的健康狀況）”可知，在來華參加奧運會之前，需要用應(yīng)用“我的2022”追蹤健康狀況。故選B。
6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hygiene (衛(wèi)生)部分的“Wear a face mask at all times, except when training, competing, eating, drinking, sleeping or when alone.（除訓(xùn)練、比賽、吃飯、喝酒、睡覺或獨處時外，任何時候都要戴口罩。）”可知，參加奧運會的運動員在北京在某些情況下可以摘下口罩。故選C。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games are around the corner. And the first editions of the Beijing 2022 Playbooks were published, which provide COVID-19 guidelines and will help participants prepare for travelling to and arriving in China.（北京2022年冬奧會和冬殘奧會即將舉行?！侗本?022年指南》第一版已經(jīng)出版，提供了應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情的指南，幫助與會者為前往和抵達中國做好準(zhǔn)備。）”可知，本文是北京冬奧會關(guān)于新冠肺炎疫情的指南，因此可在官方網(wǎng)站找到這篇文章，故選A。
8．C????9．C????10．D

【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四個世界上最令人嘆為觀止的節(jié)日慶典。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival部分的“There are concerts, free cheese tasting, the Big Cheese Parade and Big Cheese Breakfast, etc.”（有音樂會，免費的奶酪品嘗，大奶酪游行和大奶酪早餐等。）可知，在這個節(jié)日慶典期間，可以欣賞到音樂。故選C項。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival部分的“The festival starts on January s every year. During the month-long festival, people can enjoy the largest and most beautiful ice and snow sculptures (雕塑) in the world.”（慶典從每年的1月開始。在長達一個月的冰雪節(jié)期間，人們可以欣賞到世界上最大、最美麗的冰雕。）可知，哈爾濱的冰雪節(jié)是幾個節(jié)日中慶典活動持續(xù)時間最長的（長達一個月）。故選C項。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“No matter what kind of culture you come across, there’s always a reason to celebrate! Check out four amazing festivals around the world.”（無論你遇到什么樣的文化，總有慶祝的理由! 看看世界上四個令人驚嘆的節(jié)日吧。）以及后文介紹了世界各地的四個節(jié)日慶典，可知這篇文章應(yīng)該出自文化雜志。故選D項。
11．C????12．A????13．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了陜西西安四種美食。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yangrou paomo中的“The hard bread is torn into small pieces and added to a bowl, then topped with stewed and sliced mutton, scallion, coriander and chili, and then the soup is poured over all of it. (硬面包被撕成小塊，放入碗中，然后在上面放上燉羊肉片、蔥花、香菜和辣椒，然后把湯澆在上面)”和Rougamo中的“Ancient Chinese called it “Rou jia yu mo zhong”, which means the meat is inside the bun (a kind of small bread).(中國古人稱它為“肉夾饃”，意思是肉夾在小圓面包（一種小面包）里面)”可知，羊肉泡饃和肉夾饃用面包作為主要原料。故選C。
12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Biangbiang noodles中的“Biang refers to the sound chefs make when they pull the dough into noodles and bang them against the table. (“Biang”指的是廚師把面團揉成面條，并在桌子上敲擊時發(fā)出的聲音)” 可知，Biangbiang面的名字是由制作時所發(fā)出時的聲音。故選A。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shaanxi food occupies an important position in Chinese cuisine. Its capital city, Xi’an, has a wide range of delicious food.(陜西菜在中國菜中占有重要地位。它的省會西安有各種各樣的美。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了陜西西安四種美食。從而推斷，這篇文章在一本食品資料手冊里可以看到。故選D。
14．A????15．B????16．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。關(guān)于寫作你有什么想法？請聽聽著名作家們的寫作建議吧。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段小標(biāo)題部分“◆Hilary Mantel—a little pride can be a great help (希拉里·曼特爾——小小的驕傲也會大有幫助)”可知，他認(rèn)為作者對寫作應(yīng)該有一點自豪感。故選A。
15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Leo Tolstoy—pick the hours that work best for you中的“Tolstoy believed in starting first thing: “I always write in the morning. I was pleased to hear lately that Rousseau, too, after he got up in morning, went for a short walk and sat down to work. In the morning one’s head is particularly fresh. The best thoughts most often come in the morning after waking while you are still in bed or during the walk.”(托爾斯泰相信從第一件事開始：“我總是在早上寫作。最近，我很高興地聽說盧梭早上起床后也去散步，然后坐下來開始工作。早晨人的頭腦特別清醒。最好的想法往往出現(xiàn)在早晨醒來時，你還在床上或散步的時候。”)”可知，托爾斯泰和盧梭的共同點就是都在早上開始寫作。故選B。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段小標(biāo)題 “Katherine Mansfield—writing anything is better than nothing (凱瑟琳·曼斯菲爾德——寫任何東西總比什么都沒有好)”和內(nèi)容“Looking back, I imagine I was always writing. Even it was rubbish. But it’s far better to write rubbish or anything than nothing at all.(回想起來，我覺得我一直在寫作。即使它是垃圾。但寫垃圾或其他東西總比什么都沒有要好得多)”可知，凱瑟琳認(rèn)為不斷練習(xí)寫作很重要。故選C。
17．A????18．B????19．C????20．C????21．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者的父親的人生經(jīng)歷，盡管童年不幸，但是16歲那年一個陌生人給他推薦兼職打工，使他完成了學(xué)業(yè)，事業(yè)家庭兩不誤，父親的人生軌跡就像一盞明燈指引著作者前行。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“During my teenage years, my dad jokingly told me that he thought I was going to be dimwitted (愚蠢的) because I pointed at him whenever he asked me where the light was. (在我十幾歲的時候，我爸爸開玩笑說，他覺得我將會變傻，因為每當(dāng)他問我燈在哪里，我就指著他。 )”可知，作者父親開玩笑說：根據(jù)作者兒時的回答，判斷作者長大后會是個小傻瓜。故選A項。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句開始“His father, an artist and street magician, died when he was very young. To make ends meet, his mother went about town and washed laundry in various households. My dad found himself alone—lack of nurturing (養(yǎng)育) and love, short of family bonds. (他的父親是一名藝術(shù)家和街頭魔術(shù)師，在他很小的時候就去世了。為了維持生計，他的母親在城里四處奔波，給不同的家庭洗衣服。我的父親發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很孤獨——缺乏養(yǎng)育和愛，缺乏家庭紐帶。)”可知，作者的父親幼年喪父，其母親又忙于生計，無暇顧及作者的父親，故推斷作者的父親童年時不快樂。故選B項。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句開始“The stranger saw his desire to study and recommended him to University of the Cordilleras as a working student. He also gave Dad a job in a local factory. Thanks to the warm-hearted stranger, Dad got his Bachelor of Arts degree, then went on to study law and became a successful lawyer. (陌生人看出了他的求學(xué)欲望，推薦他到科迪勒拉大學(xué)打工。他還在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患夜S給父親找了一份工作。多虧了這個熱心的陌生人，爸爸獲得了文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，然后繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)法律，成為一名成功的律師。)”可知，作者的父親在科迪勒拉大學(xué)打工，還去當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患夜S工作，靠這些錢來支付了學(xué)費，完成了學(xué)業(yè)。故選C項。
20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Looking at my father now, I can see how he was able to overcome so many obstacles. He is by nature a hardworking man, pouring his energy into his career without forgetting his family. He values education—when we were younger, he would tell me and my brother to constantly seek improvement in ourselves through learning. (現(xiàn)在看著我的父親，我能明白他是如何克服這么多障礙的。他是一個天生勤奮的人，他把精力投入到事業(yè)中，而不忘記他的家庭。他很重視教育，在我們小的時候，他會告訴我和我哥哥要不斷地通過學(xué)習(xí)來提高自己。)”可知，作者的父親有毅力，天生勤奮，還顧家，重視孩子的教育；第五段“Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive (有凝聚力的) unit with love and faith as its foundation. (他就像一盞燈，因為他的成就而閃耀著尊嚴(yán)和尊重，但他的光芒最明亮的地方在于，他維護了以愛和信仰為基礎(chǔ)的家庭凝聚力。 )”可知，作者認(rèn)為她的父親在這個家庭中，在孩子的心目中，就像是一盞燈，引領(lǐng)子女前行。故選C項。
21．推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章介紹了作者父親的人生經(jīng)歷，被孩子看作是人生路上的一盞燈，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段“Like a light, he shines with dignity and respect because of his achievements, but his light radiates the brightest for maintaining our family as a cohesive（有凝聚力的）unit with love and faith as its foundation. (他就像一盞燈，因為他的成就而閃耀著尊嚴(yán)和尊重，但他的光芒最明亮的地方在于，他維護了以愛和信仰為基礎(chǔ)的家庭凝聚力。)”可推知，因為父親的努力，他事業(yè)家庭兩不誤，他是孩子人生路上的一盞燈，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是表揚父親為了這些目標(biāo)所做出的努力。故選D項。
22．B????23．C????24．A????25．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的兒子馬克上三年級時，他把所有零用錢來買節(jié)日禮物，可知當(dāng)他去超市挑完禮物結(jié)賬時，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢弄丟了，后來一個好心人幫他付款，并叮囑他把愛心傳遞下去，馬克長大后，兌現(xiàn)諾言，一直傳遞愛心。
22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car.”(馬克拿起一個籃子走了進去，我在車?yán)锏戎础?可知當(dāng)他們到達超市時，馬克獨自進去了。故選B項。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“After choosing his presents, he came to the checkout counter (交款處) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money.”(挑選完禮物后，他來到收銀臺，伸手從口袋里掏錢。它不在那里！他的口袋里有個洞，但沒有錢。)可知馬克在超市丟了錢。故選C項。
24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.”(這將是你能給我的最棒的禮物。我只要求有一天你能把它傳下去。當(dāng)你長大后，我希望你能找到一個你可以幫助的人。當(dāng)你幫助別人的時候，我知道你會和我現(xiàn)在一樣感覺良好。)可知這位女士在為馬克付錢后請他幫助別人。故選A項。
25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意，全文講述了作者的兒子馬克上三年級時，他把所有零用錢來買節(jié)日禮物，可知當(dāng)他去超市挑完禮物結(jié)賬時，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢弄丟了，后來一個好心人幫他付款，并叮囑他把愛心傳遞下去，馬克長大后，兌現(xiàn)諾言，一直傳遞愛心。好心人給馬克的“禮物”是一個最有意義的禮物。D項“A wonderful gift(一份很棒的禮物)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項。
26．B????27．D????28．B????29．A????30．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對我們生活的每個部分都有很大的影響，包括大學(xué)的教育。文章主要講述了喬治亞理工學(xué)院的教授Ashok Goel幾乎在他教的所有課程中都使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以及他在課程中加入人工智能的實驗。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句“The students never meet in person. All of the classes take place online — through a website, which lets students ask questions and complete their work from anywhere in the world.(學(xué)生們從來沒有見過面。所有的課程都在網(wǎng)上進行——通過一個網(wǎng)站，學(xué)生可以在世界任何地方提問并完成他們的工作)”可知，學(xué)生們在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)戈埃爾的課程。故選B項。
27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Having hundreds of students in a class means Ashok Goel has to answer thousands of questions. He has eight teaching assistants to help him.(一個班有數(shù)百名學(xué)生意味著Ashok Goel必須回答數(shù)千個問題。他有八個助教幫助他)”可知，戈埃爾之所以有很多助教幫助他，是因為他沒有時間回答所有的問題。故選D項。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后三句“At the start of the spring 2016 term, be added a new member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. She was able to answer questions faster than most other teaching assistants. And she was available 24 hours a day.(在2016年春季學(xué)期開始的時候，他的教學(xué)團隊增加了一個新成員：吉爾·沃森。她能比大多數(shù)助教更快地回答問題。而且她一天24小時都有空)”可知，吉爾·沃森幫助戈埃爾工作。故選B項。
29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后兩句“she was not a real person like the other teaching assistants. Jill Watson was an AI computer program.(她不像其他助教那樣是個真實的人。吉爾·沃森是一個人工智能計算機程序)”可知，劃線詞是指“身份”，即一個人是誰。故選A項。
30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句“Modern technology has a strong influence on every part of our life, including the education in the universities.(現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對我們生活的每個部分都有很大的影響，包括大學(xué)的教育)”結(jié)合下文可知，本文主要是在介紹現(xiàn)代技術(shù)極大地影響了大學(xué)教育。故選C項。
31．B????32．A????33．D????34．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個多年前因病中斷了德克薩斯大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的男子，受到學(xué)校同學(xué)和校方的關(guān)注和幫助，最終重返校園繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。
31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But his study came to a stop at 23 after he hurt his hand in an unpleasant event.(但在一次事故中嚴(yán)重受傷后，他在23歲時從大學(xué)退學(xué)。)”可知，就是因為手部受傷所以學(xué)業(yè)被迫停止。故選B。
32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“UT-Austin student Ryan Chandler said he met Carter during an assignment(任務(wù)) on homelessness for The Daily Texan. (德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的學(xué)生瑞恩·錢德勒說，他是在為《德州日報》做關(guān)于無家可歸問題的作業(yè)時認(rèn)識卡特的。)”和“I interviewed him about homeless problems. (我就無家可歸的問題采訪了他。)”可知，錢德勒是為校報的一個關(guān)于無家可歸者的專題而采訪的卡特。故選A。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“After I heard his story, we kept in touch and really became friends. I learned he wanted to get back to UT, so I decided to help him(我聽了他的故事后，我們一直保持聯(lián)系，成了真正的朋友。我知道他想回奧斯汀大學(xué)，所以我決定幫他。)”可推斷，他是個熱心的、樂于助人的人。故選D。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“David Carter’s decision to complete his degree is a testament (證明) to finishing well what was started, and stopped, even many years earlier. We welcome him back as we do many students each year whose education could not be completed easily. (大衛(wèi)·卡特完成學(xué)位的決心證明了他要做好多年前開始和停止的事情。我們歡迎他回來，就像我們每年歡迎許多不容易完成學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生一樣。)”可知，校方是鼓勵卡特這種有始有終的精神的，每年也都歡迎未能完成學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生回來繼續(xù)上學(xué)，C選項“他支持那些永不放棄的學(xué)生?！狈线@里的陳述。故選C。
35．D????36．D????37．B????38．A????39．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者患有一種叫做季節(jié)性情感障礙的抑郁癥。而作者通過閱讀來緩解痛苦，閱讀書籍給了作者安慰，讓作者覺得自己不是一個人在面對困難。
35．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In 2016, I suffered from Seasonal Affective Disorder(SAD) a form of depression(抑郁癥) that is found to make people feel low in the UK between September and April. During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.( 2016年，我患上了季節(jié)性情感障礙(SAD)，這是一種抑郁癥，在英國，人們在9月至4月期間會感到情緒低落。在那段陰冷潮濕的日子里，我從書里得到了安慰。)”可知，患有這種疾病了時間是在9月至4月期間，那時英國的天氣是寒冷和潮濕的，因此可知，是寒冷和潮濕的天氣讓作者患上這種病。故選D項。
36．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣誕節(jié)，我都有一個習(xí)慣，那就是回到以前最喜歡的書上來彌補我的空虛，比如《簡愛》。)”可知，作者通過閱讀書本得到了安慰，彌補了自己精神上的空虛感。因此可知，作者讀書是為了驅(qū)趕空虛感。故選D項。
37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Sometimes, to escape from the cold, I run back to the heat that I am used to, so I will read a lot of books set in Africa.(有時候，為了逃離寒冷，我會跑回我習(xí)慣的炎熱，所以我會讀很多以非洲為背景的書。)”可知，為了逃避寒冷，作者會讀以非洲為背景的書籍，因此推知Out of Africa會是作者的選擇。故選B項。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(對我來說，在書的世界里找到一種逃避悲傷的方法變得很重要。)”可知，對作者來講，書本是作者逃避悲傷的一種重要的方式，因此可知，通過閱讀書本，作者逃離了悲傷。故選A項。
39．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“During that cold and wet period, I got comfort in books.(在那段陰冷潮濕的日子里，我從書里得到了安慰。)”以及第二段的“Each Christmas, I have a habit of returning to the old favorite books that make up for my emptiness, such as Jane Eyre.(每年圣誕節(jié)，我都有一個習(xí)慣，那就是回到以前最喜歡的書上來彌補我的空虛，比如《簡愛》。)”以及最后一段的“It became important for me to find a way to escape my sadness in the world of books.(對我來說，在書的世界里找到一種逃避悲傷的方法變得很重要。)”以及最后一段的“It is this survival that the reader looks for, that is, the understanding that the winter is not so long after all.(讀者尋找的正是這種生存，即明白了冬天總會過去的。)”可知，本文講述了閱讀緩解了作者的抑郁癥，給了作者安慰，驅(qū)趕走作者的空虛和悲傷，因此可知，閱讀緩和了作者的抑郁情緒。故選A項。
40．C????41．A????42．A????43．B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條手鏈，讓她回想起童年和朋友們交換禮物，也感嘆如今手機等電子設(shè)備的出現(xiàn)，孩子們沉浸于虛擬世界，聊天軟件，而失去了這種交流的方式。
40．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手鏈)—an important part of my teenage summers.(這是一個友誼手鏈，褪色了，磨損了，這是我少年時代夏天的重要組成部分。)”可知，這串手鏈與作者童年的夏天有著重要的聯(lián)系，所以把手鏈與時間膠囊聯(lián)系起來正是因為手鏈讓作者想到了自己童年的夏天。故選C。
41．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前句“My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them.(我的手藝并不漂亮。但我記得的是送禮物的美妙之處：把某樣?xùn)|西塞到朋友手里，知道它將永遠陪伴著他們。)”和后半句“l(fā)ike the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond.(就像交換結(jié)婚戒指的嚴(yán)肅交易一樣，它象征著牢不可破的紐帶。)”可知，作者的手工藝品并不是很美，但是當(dāng)把它送給朋友時意義變得深刻。所以這樣的體驗是令人興奮的。所以intoxicating為“令人興奮的”之意。故選A。
42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“They hang out on Discord (一種聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.(他們在Discord上聊天，只會暫停，不會結(jié)束。我們的大兒子不停地在手機上發(fā)短信，他和朋友們互相制作會說話的表情包和TikTok視頻。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為與以前不同的是現(xiàn)在的孩子們花太多的時間在手機上。故選A。
43．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.(若干年后，不會再有一盒盒的信件需要整理，也不會有任何隱藏的手鐲需要尋找。他們幾乎沒有什么可以依靠的東西。)”可知，代表友誼的手鏈只有作者有，她的孩子沒有。作者提到了手鏈讓她想起了美妙的童年生活，而這種感受當(dāng)今的孩子們是無法體會的，因為他們大多數(shù)沉浸在虛擬世界。這些手鏈以一種她的孩子們永遠不會知道的方式賦予了作者童年的意義。故選B。
44．D????45．B????46．A????47．B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了裝修房子存在極簡主義和極繁主義兩種生活方式，分別介紹了兩者的起源、理念和差異。
44．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“For some, especially maximalists, it may seem a bit boring or depressing.(對于一些人，尤其是極繁主義者，這可能看起來有點無聊或沮喪。)”可知，極繁主義者認(rèn)為極簡主義的生活方式可能有點無聊。故選D。
45．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’s more about making the most of the area.(更重要的是要充分利用這個區(qū)域。)”可知，極繁主義注重充分利用空間。故選B。
46．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Minimalism was an art movement that started in the 1950s. Its basic principles come from a concept of less is more, reducing things to their most basic.(極簡主義是20世紀(jì)50年代開始的一場藝術(shù)運動。它的基本原則來自于“少即是多”的概念，將事物還原到最基本的狀態(tài)。)”以及第三段“Maximalism started in the 1970s. It embraces the core ideals that “more is more”. (極繁主義始于20世紀(jì)70年代。它信奉“多多益善”的核心理念。)”結(jié)合文章主要對比了極簡主義和極繁主義兩種生活方式的不同，可推知，文章主要通過對比來展開的。故選A。
47．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Obviously the way we decorate our homes is very personal.(顯然，我們裝飾房子的方式是非常私人的。)”以及最后一段中“The way you have your home is up to you!( 你如何擁有你的家取決于你自己!)”可推斷，選擇極簡主義和極繁主義的生活方式，完全取決于你自己。故選B。
48．C????49．D????50．B????51．A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，以辛勤工作著稱的科學(xué)家比被視為天生才華橫溢的科學(xué)家更鼓舞人心。
48．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggest that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging then scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.”（榜樣對于激勵科學(xué)家很重要，但新的研究表明，以辛勤工作著稱的科學(xué)家比被視為天生才華橫溢的科學(xué)家更鼓舞人心。）可知，新的研究表明，以辛勤工作著稱的科學(xué)家比被視為天生才華橫溢的科學(xué)家更鼓舞人心，由此可知，那些以努力工作著稱的科學(xué)家更鼓舞人心。故選C項。
49．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“According to the researchers, there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college.”（據(jù)研究人員稱，科學(xué)界擔(dān)心的是，許多在校期間追求科學(xué)事業(yè)的學(xué)生在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就放棄了科學(xué)職業(yè)道路。）可知，科學(xué)界擔(dān)心的是，許多學(xué)生在校期間追求科學(xué)事業(yè)，但畢業(yè)后就放棄了科學(xué)職業(yè)道路，從事科學(xué)研究的學(xué)生越來越少，由此可知，科學(xué)界擔(dān)心的是更少的學(xué)生將從事科學(xué)研究。故選D項。
50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.”（此外，相信故事是關(guān)于愛迪生的參與者更有動力完成一系列數(shù)學(xué)問題。）和最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.”（知道通過辛勤工作和努力可以取得偉大的成就，更多的學(xué)生將滿懷信心地步入科學(xué)事業(yè)。）可知，實驗表明，相信故事是關(guān)于愛迪生的參與者更有動力完成一系列數(shù)學(xué)問題，因為通過愛迪生的故事，他們知道通過辛勤工作和努力可以取得偉大的成就，這讓他們滿懷信心地步入科學(xué)事業(yè)，由此可知，一些參與者有動力完成一系列數(shù)學(xué)問題，因為他們相信通過努力工作就能解決問題。故選B項。
51．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories were the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believe the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.”（然而，一半的人被告知這個故事是關(guān)于愛因斯坦的，而一半的人被告知是關(guān)于托馬斯·愛迪生的。雖然故事是一樣的，但參與者更可能相信天生的聰明才智是愛因斯坦成功的原因。此外，相信故事是關(guān)于愛迪生的參與者更有動力完成一系列數(shù)學(xué)問題。）可知，文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，以辛勤工作著稱的科學(xué)家比被視為天生才華橫溢的科學(xué)家更令人鼓舞，并列舉了愛因斯坦和愛迪生的例子，“Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison”意為“愛因斯坦不如愛迪生令人鼓舞”，選項能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項。
52．B????53．B????54．A????55．D????56．C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了什么是廣告，廣告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么開始的呢？
52．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，on doing one specific job. ”（沒有人確切知道廣告是什么時候開始的。有可能是因為發(fā)現(xiàn)有些人做某些工作比其他人做得更好。這就引出了專業(yè)化的概念，這意味著人們將專門化，或?qū)Ｗ⒂谧鲆豁椞囟ǖ墓ぷ?。）可知，勞動專業(yè)化促使廣告的產(chǎn)生。故選B項。
53．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”（普勞賴特先生是如何讓人們知道他在做什么的？當(dāng)然，為什么，他在做廣告。他先開了一家店，然后在店外掛了一個招牌來吸引顧客。）可知，Mr.Plowright放了一塊指示牌在外面以吸引顧客。故選B項。
54．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read，they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. ”（許多歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為，最早的戶外標(biāo)志大約是在5000年前使用的。甚至在大多數(shù)人能夠閱讀之前，他們就理解了這些跡象。店主們會為他們出售的產(chǎn)品雕刻石頭、粘土或木頭符號。）可知，作者舉這兩個例子是為了簡述廣告的起源。故選A項。
55．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話“His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.”（換句話說，他的工作與當(dāng)今世界的電視或廣播廣告沒有太大區(qū)別。）可知，古代埃及的crier如同現(xiàn)代社會電視和廣播中的商業(yè)廣告。故選D項。
56．主旨大意題。從最后兩段中的“A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your message.”（在廣告談話中，媒介是你傳達信息的方式。）和“A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily.”（從歷史的意義上說，一個哭泣者不是一個輕易流淚的人。）可知，最后兩段主要討論了早期商業(yè)廣告的形式。故選C項。
57．B????58．D????59．C????60．A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了開放辦公室的由來以及優(yōu)缺點。
57．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔間) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said.(如今，訪問一家大中型公司，你很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)員工共享一個大的、開放的空間。大多數(shù)員工坐在半開著的小隔間里，而不是有門和墻的私人辦公室。每當(dāng)員工打電話時，附近的其他員工不能簡單地關(guān)上門。事實上，有時他們會無意中聽到你所說的一切)”可知，第一段主要講述了開放辦公室的問題。故選B。
58．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Called the office landscape (景觀) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas.(這個被稱為辦公室景觀規(guī)劃的想法是經(jīng)過很好的嘗試而創(chuàng)造出來的——以改善溝通和思想的交流)”可知，辦公室景觀規(guī)劃的最初目的是鼓勵交流。故選D。
59．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，與在傳統(tǒng)辦公室工作的員工相比，在開放式辦公室工作的員工更難保持專注，也更有可能承受更高的壓力)”可知，馬修?戴維斯(Matthew Davis)表示，開放式辦公室的員工專注力較低。故選C。
60．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段上文“businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.(但企業(yè)可能不會回到傳統(tǒng)辦公室?，F(xiàn)代的辦公室職員往往既需要時間集中精力，也需要時間與他人合作。因此，設(shè)計account for這兩種需求的辦公室可能是最好的方法)”可知，企業(yè)可能不會回到傳統(tǒng)辦公室，那只能設(shè)計兼顧兩種需求的辦公室可能是最好的方法。由此可知，account for意為“包括”。故選A。
61．B????62．D????63．B????64．D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了5G的優(yōu)勢和給人們帶來的好處。
61．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“First of all, its download speed can be as fast as 20GB/s, which is 100 to 200 times that of 4G. But what’s more impressive is 5G’S low delay rate. Now, 4G takes an average of 200 milliseconds to send and receive information. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond.(首先，它的下載速度可以達到20GB/s，是4G的100到200倍。但更令人印象深刻的是5G的低延遲率?，F(xiàn)在，4G需要200毫秒來發(fā)送和接收信息。但5G將把時間縮短到1毫秒)”可推知，第一段通過比較4G和5G來展示5G的優(yōu)勢。故選B項。
62．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The self-driving car under a 5G network could react and communicate its reaction to hundreds of cars around it, all within 1 millisecond. It’ll play a great role in preventing car accidents and ending traffic jams completely.(5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)下的自動駕駛汽車可以在1毫秒內(nèi)對周圍的數(shù)百輛汽車做出反應(yīng)。它可以預(yù)防交通事故，徹底消除交通堵塞)”可知，根據(jù)作者的說法，自動駕駛汽車的反應(yīng)速度將比人類快得多。故選D項。
63．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語下文“they can do more work over a 5G network.(它們可以通過5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)做更多的工作)”可知，劃線部分be staffed by robot的意思是“配備機器人”，即用機器人做工廠的工人。故選B項。
64．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“5G is a great breakthrough (突破). (5G是一個偉大的突破)”以及第三段中“5G can benefit us in many other ways.(5G可以在很多其他方面給我們帶來好處)”可知，這篇文章主要是介紹了5G是一個偉大的突破以及可以在很多其他方面給我們帶來好處。故選D項。
65．D????66．A????67．B????68．C

【分析】這是一篇說明文。鯊魚研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種魚大量聚集在一起，并以一種明顯友好的方式與同類進行互動。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及鯊魚進行社交背后的原因。
65．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“But that image has come under inspection in recent years, as shark researchers around the world have discovered the fish gathering in large numbers and interacting with others of their own species in ways that are obviously friendly.(但這一形象近年來受到了檢驗，因為世界各地的鯊魚研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種魚大量聚集在一起，并以一種明顯友好的方式與同類進行互動)”以及第二段中“In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. (在他2016年的研究中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，用記錄設(shè)備標(biāo)記的單個鯊魚與其他鯊魚進行了數(shù)千次互動，有些成對鯊魚在一起的時間長達4天。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些鯊魚無疑是伴侶)”可知，礁鯊每年都會回到同一群鯊魚中是為了尋找其他魚的陪伴。故選D。
66．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Finding out why sharks socialize — and how much of their behavior is cooperative — is a challenge, but there are some clues, such as food availability and warmer waters.(找出鯊魚社交的原因——以及它們的行為有多大程度上是合作的——是一個挑戰(zhàn)，但也有一些線索，比如食物的可獲得性和溫暖的水域)”以及“There’s growing evidence that lemon sharks have their own personalities, which may influence whether they spend time with other sharks, he adds. (他補充說，越來越多的證據(jù)表明鯊有自己的個性，這可能會影響它們是否與其他鯊魚相處)”可知，A選項“全球變暖”不是鯊魚社交的原因。故選A。
67．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In his 2016 study, he found that individual sharks tagged with recording devices had thousands of interactions with their peers, with some pairs spending up to four straight days together. The study also found certain sharks were unmistakably companions. (在他2016年的研究中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，用記錄設(shè)備標(biāo)記的單個鯊魚與其他鯊魚進行了數(shù)千次互動，有些成對鯊魚在一起的時間長達4天。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些鯊魚無疑是伴侶)”可知，Yannis 2016年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些鯊魚之間的關(guān)系是穩(wěn)定的。故選B。
68．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“We’ve only had about 20 years to really start studying sharks(我們只有大約20年的時間來真正開始研究鯊魚)”可推知，要完全了解鯊魚還有很長的路要走。故選C。
69．B????70．A????71．C????72．D

【分析】這是一篇說明文。人類獵殺動物獲利，當(dāng)野生動物保護組織讓人們了解到野生動物被非法捕殺數(shù)量不斷減少時，人們才行動起來抵制用野生動物制作的產(chǎn)品，法律更加嚴(yán)厲制裁偷獵者。但是人們對動物的保護運動和關(guān)注力一直在改變，作者希望對動物保護的關(guān)注和行動應(yīng)該一直保持下去。
69．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.”（世界上數(shù)百萬動物死亡的原因是人類想賺錢），可知，人類希望發(fā)財導(dǎo)致了數(shù)百萬野生動物的消失，文中“kills millions of animals”（數(shù)百萬的動物死亡）和問句中的“the disappearance of millions of wild animals”（數(shù)百萬野生動物的消失）相呼應(yīng)；文中“humans want to make money”（人類想賺錢）和B選項“Humans’ hope for making a fortune”（人類希望發(fā)財）相呼應(yīng)。故選B。
70．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句中的“During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory...As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷獵) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可圖的).”（ 20世紀(jì)80年代末，拯救大象成了一個流行的事業(yè)。野生動物保護組織確保每個人都看到大象的照片或電影：它們的臉被切掉以獲取象牙……結(jié)果，大多數(shù)人不再購買象牙制品。禁止偷獵的法律變得更加嚴(yán)格。許多國家禁止進口象牙。為得到象牙而捕殺大象變得更危險，利潤也更低。），可知，在20世紀(jì)80年代末，野生動物保護組織確實做出了巨大努力。故選A。
71．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while.”（然而，對某些物種的關(guān)注會在一段時間后減弱。），可知，第4段提到了海豹寶寶，目的是表明對某些物種的擔(dān)憂減少了。文中的“concern for certain species”與C選項中“worry about certain species”相對應(yīng)；文中的“become weak”和C選項中“the decrease”相對應(yīng)。故選C。
72．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Other animal protection movements have come and gone...”(其他動物保護運動來了又去……)和最后一段第一句“In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species.”（在未來的幾年里，人們的關(guān)注力可能會轉(zhuǎn)向其他一些瀕危物種。），可知，對動物的保護運動和關(guān)注力一直在改變，那么在人們關(guān)注其他瀕危物種時，大象會被遺忘嗎？可以推斷，作者說這句話的意思是，對動物保護的關(guān)注和行動應(yīng)該一直保持下去。故選D。
73．C????74．B????75．A????76．D

【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要通過兩個漁夫釣魚的故事，告訴我們要認(rèn)真思考、把握機會。
73．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Do you like fishing? Have you ever put a fish back into the water after catching it? What made you decide to do this?（你喜歡釣魚嗎？你有沒有把魚抓到后又放回水里？是什么讓你決定這樣做？）”及第二段“One day, two fishermen were fishing in a pool. Both of them were looking forward to getting a big catch.（有一天，兩個漁夫在游泳池里釣魚。他們倆都期待著得到一個大收獲。）”可知，第一段的3個問句是為了吸引讀者的注意，引出第二段的故事，讓讀者繼續(xù)看下一段。故選C項。
74．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The first fisherman caught a big and beautiful fish after an hour. He was very happy. He put the fish in his icebox. He would cook it in the afternoon. Soon, the second fisherman also caught a large fish.（一個小時后，第一個漁夫釣到了一條又大又漂亮的魚。他非常高興。他把魚放進他的冰箱里。他會在下午做這條魚。很快，第二個漁夫也釣到了一條大魚。）”可知，在第一個漁夫釣到魚以后，緊接著第二個漁夫也釣到魚。故選B項。
75．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The first fisherman felt strange and asked, "Why are you throwing the fish back into the water? They were beautiful and big!"（第一個漁夫覺得很奇怪，問道：“你為什么要把魚扔回水里？他們很漂亮，很大！”）”可知，第一個漁夫?qū)Φ诙€漁夫的行為感到震驚。本故選A項。
76．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“We don't think carefully and this sometimes causes us to lose a chance.（我們沒有仔細思考，這有時會導(dǎo)致我們失去機會。）”可知，文章通過兩個漁夫釣魚的故事，告訴我們要認(rèn)真思考、把握機會。機會是給擅長思考的人準(zhǔn)備的。故選D項。
77．A????78．D????79．D????80．C????81．B

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Kickstarter 這一裝置，iPet Companion可以滿足人們對寵物的愛意與關(guān)心，通過遠程遙控陪伴它們玩耍。另外，Kickstarter還可以通過調(diào)節(jié)器控制其他物體，滿足人們的需求。
77．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. （人們一直談?wù)撨@個的原因是他們千里之外的情感聯(lián)系）”可知，這款裝置可以遠程遙控。故remotely最有可能意為“遙遠地”。故選A。
78．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“It’s called the iPet Companion, an Internet-connected camera and device that streams video online and allows basic commands from people watching.（它被稱為iPet Companion，是一種連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的攝像頭和設(shè)備，可以在線傳輸視頻，并允許觀看者發(fā)出基本命令）”可知，人們只能在可以上網(wǎng)的情況下使用iPet Companion。故選D。
79．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The reason why people keep talking about this is the emotional(情感的) connection they have from a thousand miles away. If you want, you can enter a queue to move the camera and play with the pets.（人們一直談?wù)撨@個的原因是他們千里之外的情感聯(lián)系。如果你愿意，你可以輸入一個隊列來移動相機，和寵物一起玩）”可知，人們對這個裝置感興趣，是因為可以通過操作和寵物一起玩，表達他們對寵物的愛。故選D。
80．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“To stop that from happening, you’d better limit the pets’ access(接近) to the toys and change the place where they’re located in the room.（為了防止這種情況發(fā)生，你最好限制寵物接觸玩具，并改變它們在房間里的位置）”推知，寵物停止玩玩具是因為，玩具經(jīng)常在同一個地方玩，寵物很快就厭倦了。故選C。
81．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“The adapter could be used for any device with an electrical plug---a sprinkler, say, that you’d be able to activate to water your grass.（這種適配器可以用在任何帶有電源插頭的設(shè)備上——比如，你可以啟動灑水器來澆灌草坪）”推知，Kickstarter可以通過調(diào)節(jié)控制其他不同的物體，有更多的用途。故選B。

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