?三年（2020-2022）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專(zhuān)題17 語(yǔ)法填空
2022年高考真題
1.【2022年新高考1卷】
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物種), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了中國(guó)政府決定建立的大熊貓國(guó)家公園(GPNP)的計(jì)劃。
【56題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國(guó)家公園的三倍，將成為中國(guó)首批國(guó)家公園之一。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，cover和句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)the GPNP為邏輯的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Covering。
【57題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國(guó)家公園的三倍，將成為中國(guó)首批國(guó)家公園之一。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：倍數(shù)+ the size of +比較成份。故填the。
【58題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)，先行詞為a significant number of areas，先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，根據(jù)主謂一致，從句主語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。
【59題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，做目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
【60題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)The GPNP之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)形式。故填is designed。
【61題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處前后為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。故填and。
【62題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞homes并列在句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population (種群)的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填populations。
【63題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處后為動(dòng)詞achieve，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞achieve。故填eventually。
【64題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：大熊貓還扮演著保護(hù)傘的角色，為中國(guó)西南和西北地區(qū)的許多動(dòng)植物帶來(lái)保護(hù)。固定短語(yǔ)：serve as (充當(dāng))。故填as。
【65題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語(yǔ)，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。

2.【2022年全國(guó)甲卷】
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路線(xiàn)) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61. to journey 62. who 63. held 64. A 65. protection
66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. from 70. planning
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是一個(gè)失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一帶一路的事情。
【61題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：近日，一名來(lái)自北京的盲人徒步40天來(lái)到西安，作為“一帶一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，journey為動(dòng)詞，表示“旅行”，step前面有序數(shù)詞，應(yīng)用不定式，作后置定語(yǔ)。故填to journey。
【62題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8歲時(shí)因一次車(chē)禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^(guò)了三個(gè)省的40個(gè)城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Cao Shengkang，指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
【63題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：受到在北京舉行的“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇的啟發(fā)，曹決定徒步穿越這條路線(xiàn)，以向古代絲綢之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞decided，所以hold應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，hold與cooperation之間為邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，作后置定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。故填held。
【64題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：他的一位朋友吳凡在旅行中自愿成為他的同伴。根據(jù)句意可知，此處泛指“他的一個(gè)朋友”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，friend以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a，空處位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)。
【65題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞protection，作賓語(yǔ)，protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。
【66題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：曹認(rèn)為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。此處是make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填meaningful。
【67題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34個(gè)國(guó)家，2016年，他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂，這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the last five years可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Cao為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has walked。
【68題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：在過(guò)去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34個(gè)國(guó)家，2016年，他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂，這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)空前Africa’s可知，此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈，應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填highest。
【69題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：9月20日，他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什，計(jì)劃在五個(gè)月內(nèi)徒步回到西安。根據(jù)句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此處表示“從西安飛往喀什”，應(yīng)用介詞from，固定搭配from…to…表示“從……到……”。故填from。
【70題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：9月20日，他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什，計(jì)劃在五個(gè)月內(nèi)徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞flew，所以動(dòng)詞plan(計(jì)劃)應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，plan與主語(yǔ)He之間為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。故填planning。

3.【2022年全國(guó)乙卷】
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (發(fā)布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】61. by 62. the 63. addressed 64. largest 65. responsibility
66. shared 67. and 68. To strengthen 69. inviting 70. its
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日，中國(guó)商會(huì)博物館所舉辦的一系列活動(dòng)。
【61題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：2019年11月27日，聯(lián)合國(guó)正式將5月21日定為第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“被聯(lián)合國(guó)在5月21日命名”。表示被動(dòng)，使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be+過(guò)去分詞+by”。故填by。
【62題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了慶祝這一節(jié)日，周四在北京的中國(guó)商人博物館舉行了一系列活動(dòng)。特指International Tea Day這一節(jié)日，所以用定冠詞the。故填the。
【63題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中國(guó)文化促進(jìn)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)在開(kāi)幕式上致辭。陳述過(guò)去事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填addressed。
【64題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知，中國(guó)是最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。
【65題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。
【66題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這有助于構(gòu)建人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞future。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞share和名詞future之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填shared。
【67題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：儀式上發(fā)布的“首個(gè)國(guó)際茶日萬(wàn)里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作和文化交流。名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分，作動(dòng)詞promote的賓語(yǔ)。故填and。
【68題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系，活動(dòng)包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)了來(lái)自世界各地的29名茶葉專(zhuān)業(yè)人士進(jìn)行36小時(shí)不間斷的直播。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系”，需要用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填To strengthen。
【69題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系，活動(dòng)包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)了來(lái)自世界各地的29名茶葉專(zhuān)業(yè)人士進(jìn)行36小時(shí)不間斷的直播。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語(yǔ)the event與invite之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填inviting。
【70題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：在開(kāi)幕式上，中國(guó)古茶博物館正式揭牌，開(kāi)啟了它的第一個(gè)展覽：大道遺真——普洱茶專(zhuān)題展。名詞exhibition前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。

4.【2022年1月浙江卷】
Kim?Cobb,a professor at the Georgia??Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56?????are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change ,Travelling to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane 57?????(view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information .But Cobb and others 58?????(be)now questioning??that idea??pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59?????(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a website called No Fly Climate Sci. For example. 60?????(rough)??200 academics- many of them climate scientists 61?????(promise) to fly as little as possible??since the effort started two years??ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62?????she could do so remotely ,about three quarters of 63?????time,they agreed ,When the answer was no,she declined the??64?????(invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel??last year down by 75%,and she plans 65?????(continue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
【答案】
56．who／that 57．is viewed／has been viewed 59．changing 60．roughly
61．have promised 62．whether／if 63．the 64．invitation 65．to continue

解析：本文是一篇記敘文。一位美國(guó)教授為了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，積極減少學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)中的航空旅行，并充分利用遠(yuǎn)程科技找到替代方案。
詳解：
56．who／that 考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處缺少引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞是academics（大學(xué)教師），關(guān)系代詞在此指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who或者 that。
57．is viewed／has been viewed 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子的主語(yǔ)是作為單數(shù)概念的動(dòng)詞-ing 短語(yǔ)Travelling to...the like，與view是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句子陳述的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，也可以表示“（至今）一直被看作／視為...”，故此空可填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
58．a(chǎn)re 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子的主語(yǔ)是Cobb and others，根據(jù)空白后的now questioning 可知此處缺少構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞are。
59．changing 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語(yǔ) Cobb and others與change之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)詞-ing形式changing，changing 與pushing 是并列關(guān)系，共同作句子的狀語(yǔ)。
60．roughly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞roughly 修飾數(shù)詞200，意為“大約”。
61．have promised 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞academics，再根據(jù)后面的由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
62．whether／if 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作ask的賓語(yǔ)，從句不缺少成分，再根據(jù)本句末的 they agreed可知，Cobb詢(xún)問(wèn)會(huì)議舉辦方她是否能遠(yuǎn)程演講，因此填 whether／if。
63．the 考查定冠詞表示特指和在固定搭配中的用法。about three-quarters of the time（約四分之三的情況下）與固定搭配 most of the time（多數(shù)情況下）在結(jié)構(gòu)上類(lèi)似。
64．invitation 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處作declined的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用名詞invitation。
65．to continue 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞句型 plan to do sth 意為“計(jì)劃做某事”。

2021年高考真題
1.【2021.6新高考一卷】
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".??????1??????is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we??????2??????(human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will??????3??????(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the??????4??????(hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us??????5??????(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it??????6??????(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure??????7??????offers a place where you can sit down to rest your??????8??????(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in??????9??????(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is??????10??????must to visit!
【答案】What ; humans ; undoubtedly ; hotter ; astonished ; was ; and ; aching ; mine ; a
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，去游覽黃山時(shí)，作者想起甲殼蟲(chóng)樂(lè)隊(duì)的流行歌曲《蜿蜒長(zhǎng)路》，這條漫長(zhǎng)而曲折的道路永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。
【解析】1： 考查名詞性從句。分析題目，空格處無(wú)提示詞。分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主語(yǔ)，為主語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。
2： 考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞應(yīng)該作 we 的同位語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。
3： 考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所填詞應(yīng)該修飾動(dòng)詞help，故應(yīng)用副詞形式。Undoubted 變副詞，直接在詞尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
4： 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查 the more… the more… 的固定用法；所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填hotter。
5： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句中含有?"leave sb./sth. + adj."?結(jié)構(gòu)， 表示?"使……處于某種狀態(tài)"?。因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)us與動(dòng)詞astonish為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)該過(guò)去分詞形容詞astonished作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明人的感受，意為?"感到吃驚的"。故填astonished。
6： 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的提示詞then可知，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，故此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；從句主語(yǔ)為it，是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填was。
7： 考查并列連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞highlights和offers之間缺少連接詞進(jìn)行連接；同時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作間為并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填并列連詞。故填and。
8： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，因?yàn)槊~legs與動(dòng)詞ache為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)該填現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾 legs。故填aching。
9： 考查代詞。根據(jù)提示詞可知，句意為：這首歌必定會(huì)留在我的記憶中。句中it指代the song, does指代動(dòng)詞sticks，空格處應(yīng)指 my memory， 為了避免重復(fù)，用名詞性物主代詞來(lái)代替 "形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞"。故填mine。
10： 考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，must 為名詞，表示?"必須的事"?，所以前應(yīng)用冠詞，且無(wú)特指。故填a。

2. 【2021.6全國(guó)甲卷】
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It??????1??????(build) originally to protect the city??????2??????the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修復(fù)）. It is possible??????3??????(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After??????4??????(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what??????5??????(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We??????6??????(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky??????7??????did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all??????8??????way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and??????9??????(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their??????10??????(day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游記，作者向我們簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了西安古城墻以及他自己騎自行車(chē)游完整個(gè)城墻的所見(jiàn)所聞。
【解析】1：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格填寫(xiě)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句句意：它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。故填was built。
2 ：考查介詞。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段時(shí)間，故填 in。
3 ：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
4 ：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。After 介詞后加doing形式，故填spending。
5 ：考查形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句中 "than" 可知，應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)形容詞的比較級(jí)的形式，故填better。
6 ：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文My bike was old可知， 應(yīng)該為過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為we, 為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填hired。
7 ：考查連詞。此處表示我的自行車(chē)又舊又晃，后面能用。所以是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故填but。
8 ：考查冠詞。 all the way 為固定搭配，意為 "自始自終，一路上" 。故填the。
9 ：考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以空格也應(yīng)該是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。
10 ：考查形容詞。此處表示 "觀察當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜粘Ｉ? ，修飾routines, 故用形容詞，故填daily。

3. 【2021.6全國(guó)乙卷】
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影響）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become??????1??????(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the??????2??????(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has??????3??????(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept??????4??????the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to??????5??????growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types??????6??????trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of??????7??????(visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide??????8??????(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.??????9??????(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （遠(yuǎn)足） and accommodations aim??????10??????(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，本文向讀者簡(jiǎn)要介紹了以生態(tài)環(huán)境為主要景觀的旅游起源和特點(diǎn)。
【解析】
1 ：考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空前為become可知，空格處所填詞應(yīng)作become的表語(yǔ)。句意：這與傳統(tǒng)的旅游業(yè)不同，因?yàn)樗梢允褂慰土私獾竭@些區(qū)域的一些知識(shí)。故填educated。
2 ：考查名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空前冠詞the和空后介詞of可知，空格應(yīng)填名詞。句意：……并且對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)的發(fā)展有益。故填development。
3： 考查形容詞性物主代詞?？崭袼钤~與空后的origin一起作has的賓語(yǔ)；同時(shí)與空后的origin構(gòu)成限定關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)填形容詞物主代詞。句意：生態(tài)旅游業(yè)起源于20世紀(jì)70年代的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。故填its。
4： 考查時(shí)間介詞。根據(jù)空前有not可知，此處until與not一起構(gòu)成固定用法not…?until，意為?"直到……才……"?。句意：直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，它才作為一種旅游概念被廣泛接受。故填until。
5： 考查定冠詞?？崭裉幩钤~與空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因?yàn)榕c環(huán)境相關(guān)的且有冒險(xiǎn)性的旅行越來(lái)越流行……。故填the。
6： 考查介詞。根據(jù)空格前后為名詞并具有所屬關(guān)系。句意：……各種各樣的旅行被歸類(lèi)于生態(tài)旅行。故填of。
7： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，判斷空格處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？仗幾鹘樵~of的賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)。句意：最小化參觀一個(gè)地方的影響。故填visiting。
8： 考查形容詞。空前為動(dòng)詞，空后為名詞，故判斷此空填形容詞形式修飾后面的名詞aid。因此應(yīng)使用finance的形容詞形式financial。句意：為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┙?jīng)濟(jì)幫助和其他益處。故填financial。
9： 考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?？崭袼钤~作主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞range為非三單形式，因此應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：那里有從鯨魚(yú)觀賞到遠(yuǎn)足等活動(dòng)……。故填A(yù)ctivities。
10： 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，判斷此處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。aim to do sth，意為 "目的在于做某事" ，因此應(yīng)填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是為了對(duì)自然環(huán)境有小的影響。故填to have。

4. 【2021.6浙江卷】
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,??????1??????(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.?Beautifully restored（修復(fù)）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it??????2??????＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their??????3??????(marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much??????4??????(small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home??????5??????(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of??????6??????(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
Although Mary loved flowers,??????7??????she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over??????8??????(plant) flowers in the front yard.
??????9??????Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the?four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and??????10??????(sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了在伊利諾伊州的首府斯普林菲爾德市中心林肯的家的相關(guān)情況。
【解析】
1.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合句中since一詞，可以判斷句子的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自從它開(kāi)放后，林肯的家已經(jīng)證明是讓游客們不可抵擋地想去參觀的。
2 ：考查介詞。buy sth. for +價(jià)格，表示以什么價(jià)格購(gòu)買(mǎi)某物。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價(jià)格購(gòu)買(mǎi)了這個(gè)房子和一些地。
3 ：考查名詞。此題考查動(dòng)詞變名詞，marry→marriage，這里表示結(jié)婚儀式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在這里舉行了他們的結(jié)婚儀式。
4 ：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，句中有than這個(gè)提示詞，much修飾比較級(jí)。句意：當(dāng)房子建好時(shí)，它比現(xiàn)在要小得多。
5 ：考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
6 ：考查反身代詞。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的寫(xiě)照，每件東西都擺放整齊，品味也很好。
7 ：考查連詞，neither…nor…，既不……也不…（兩者都不）。句意：雖然瑪麗喜歡花，但是她和她的丈夫都沒(méi)有以園藝者而著稱(chēng)。
8 ：考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：瑪麗的妹妹經(jīng)常來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)，在前院里種些花。
9 ：考查定冠詞the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子擴(kuò)建為一棟二樓，以滿(mǎn)足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的家人的需求。
10 ：考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：1861年，林肯被選舉為國(guó)家總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子并且賣(mài)掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold為并列謂語(yǔ)，用and連接，所以都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

5. 【2021.1浙江卷】
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（體重指數(shù)）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier??????1??????that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool??????2??????gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a??????3??????(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25??????4??????(consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased??????5??????2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain??????6??????(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries??????7??????(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed??????8??????(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people??????9??????(live) in the countryside, including??????10??????(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower
【文章大意】介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于體重指數(shù)的研究，描述了不同時(shí)期城鄉(xiāng)體重指數(shù)的差異及其背后的原因?！窘馕觥? ：考查連詞。句意：科學(xué)家人們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)絹?lái)越胖了，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象背后的原因是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)人們體重指數(shù)的增加。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，是并列關(guān)系，故答案為and。
2 ：考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：BMI是全球公認(rèn)的表示體重是否處于健康狀態(tài)的測(cè)量工具。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為tool, 故答案為that/which。
3 ：考查名詞所有格。句意：BMI的計(jì)算方式是用人的體重?cái)?shù)（以千克為單位）除以身高數(shù)（以米為單位）的平方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)It is calculated by dividing a? (person) weight可知weight和person是從屬關(guān)系。故答案為person's。
4 ：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：介于19-25的BMI數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a BMI of between 19 and 25?? (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，根據(jù)句意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為被動(dòng)且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為 is considered。
5 ：考查介詞。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1985-2017年間，男人和女人BMI的平均數(shù)值上升了2.1。increase by+數(shù)值表示增長(zhǎng)了多少，故答案為by。
6 ：考查系動(dòng)詞。句意：然而在城市里，女人增長(zhǎng)數(shù)值是1.3，男人增長(zhǎng)為1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主the gain是單數(shù)且該句陳述過(guò)去研究數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為was。
7 ：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1985年，這個(gè)國(guó)家3/4的城市里的被調(diào)查男女的BMI值比偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的男女?dāng)?shù)值高。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞分詞做定語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為 studied。
8 ：考查副詞。句意：30年后，很多國(guó)家的BMI數(shù)值的城鄉(xiāng)差異急劇下降。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知the BMI difference… had narrowed?? (sharp). 修飾動(dòng)詞narrow要用副詞，故答案為 sharply。
9 ：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這可能是因?yàn)樽≡卩l(xiāng)村的人們的條件不好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞分詞作定語(yǔ)且live與邏輯主語(yǔ)people是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故答案為living。
10 ：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：鄉(xiāng)下的人條件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花銷(xiāo)和更少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知levels of income and education與higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列關(guān)系，前后結(jié)構(gòu)要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容詞比較級(jí)，故答案為lower。

2020年高考真題
1. 【2020·全國(guó)卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探測(cè)器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62． (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山)， more so 65． the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69． ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70． (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】
61．touched
62．extremely
63．where
64．interest
65．than
66．to find
67．means
68．is constructed
69．much
70．its
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)成為第一個(gè)將航天器降落在月球背面的國(guó)家，文章主要介紹了中國(guó)無(wú)人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)發(fā)射的意義。
61．.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：無(wú)人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)——名字的靈感來(lái)源于古代的中國(guó)月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填touched。
62．考查副詞。句意：登錄月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~challenging，應(yīng)使用extreme的副詞形式，故填extremely。
63．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號(hào)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是a spot，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
64．考查名詞。句意：月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞，interest是不可數(shù)名詞，be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。
65．考查介詞。句意：因?yàn)樗仁煜さ囊幻嬗懈嗟纳瞽h(huán)形山。根據(jù)空前的比較級(jí)more so可知，此處填介詞than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to find。
67．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng)，”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說(shuō)：“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息?！备鶕?jù)上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是it，所以空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式means，故填means。
68．考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此處是賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)construct與主語(yǔ)the moon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)the moon是單數(shù)，故填is constructed。
69．考查形容詞。句意：關(guān)于月亮構(gòu)成的數(shù)據(jù)，比如它含有多少水和其他財(cái)富，可以幫助中國(guó)決定它未來(lái)月球基地的計(jì)劃是否實(shí)用。ice是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)使用much修飾，故填much。
70．考查代詞。句意同上。根據(jù)空后的名詞plans可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its，故填its。
2. 【2020·全國(guó)卷II】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62． (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64． decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66． (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67． health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69． (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70． first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】
61．celebration
62．carries
63．coming
64．than
65．decorated
66．Certainly
67．with
68．to care
69．beautiful
70．the
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了用一些植物、水果和鮮花裝飾中國(guó)新年的寓意。
61．考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)新年是一個(gè)慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開(kāi)始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。
62．考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carries。
63．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開(kāi)端的美好祝愿。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。名詞earth與come back to之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填coming。
64．考查短語(yǔ)。句意：桔子樹(shù)不僅僅是裝飾品；more than不僅僅，不只是。故填than。
65．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會(huì)經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填decorated。
66．考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)然在假期期間，這種植物是絕對(duì)必要的事物。介詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此只有改變成副詞才能復(fù)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用副詞形式做狀語(yǔ)。故填Certainly。
67．考查短語(yǔ)。句意：竹類(lèi)植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with與……相聯(lián)系。故填with。
68．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它們很容易照顧，也很適合作為禮物。這里考查“be +形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。填to care。
69．考查形容詞。句意：美麗的長(zhǎng)枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾，做成漂亮的裝飾。修飾名詞branches，用形容詞形式。故填beautiful。
70．考查冠詞。句意：雪還在融化時(shí)，梅花是第一個(gè)開(kāi)花的。這里表示特指，所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞the。故填the。
3. 【2020·全國(guó)卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In ancient China lived an artist61． paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫(huà)像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65． he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68． (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】
61．whose
62．finest
63．be chosen
64．curiosity
65．When/As
66．pointed
67．to find
68．gently
69．surrounding
70．On
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫(huà)家畫(huà)畫(huà)栩栩如生，有一天他將畫(huà)送給宰相時(shí)，這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家那里學(xué)到一些東西。畫(huà)家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家就是大自然母親。
61．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)古代有一位畫(huà)家，他的畫(huà)幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。
62．考查最高級(jí)。句意：一天，皇帝想讓人給他畫(huà)一幅肖像，于是他把所有偉大的畫(huà)家都請(qǐng)來(lái)，展示他們最好的作品，以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意，皇帝想要畫(huà)家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)finest。故填finest。
63．考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：畫(huà)家確信他會(huì)被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí)，這位老人笑了。本句中主語(yǔ)he與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞choose構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且would后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be chosen。
64．.考查名詞。句意：懷著好奇心，藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開(kāi)了。with為介詞，后跟名詞curiosity作賓語(yǔ)，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65．考查連接詞。句意：當(dāng)他問(wèn)河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí)，他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，且從句中動(dòng)詞asked為短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，不能用while引導(dǎo)，故應(yīng)用when或as引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。故填When/As。
66．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他問(wèn)河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí)，他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填pointed。
67．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫(huà)家。結(jié)合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語(yǔ)為set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to find。
68．考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)小船緩緩地沿著江面移動(dòng)時(shí)，山在水中的倒影使他說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)。此處修飾動(dòng)詞moved應(yīng)用副詞gently作狀語(yǔ)，表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。
69．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞，他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)，surround在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)clouds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrounding。
70．考查介詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家——大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語(yǔ)為on earth。故填on。
4. 【2020·山東卷】
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37． until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39． opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41． (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45．people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
36．wealthy
37．or
38．formed
39．which/that
40．a(chǎn)re called
41．is
42．themselves
43．walking
44．a(chǎn)ccuracy
45．for
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了博物館藏品的來(lái)源及博物館給人們帶來(lái)的好處和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
36．考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)使用形容詞，做定語(yǔ)。故填wealthy。
37．考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，前后陳述的是兩者可能性，應(yīng)使用連詞or:或者。故填or。
38．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬(wàn)件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開(kāi)館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in1759可知，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填formed。
39．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬(wàn)件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開(kāi)館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the British Museum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。
40．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:博物館對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放的部分被稱(chēng)為畫(huà)廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。
41．考查主謂一致。句意:通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)a small part of a museum’s collection是單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42．考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors，意為“他們自己”，應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。
43．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分，共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ)，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44．考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂(lè)也很重要。此處做主語(yǔ)，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。
45．考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。此處是固定短語(yǔ):compete for，意為: “為了……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。故填for。

5. 【2020·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57． could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 58． hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 64． rise of science，changes began. New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
56．in
57．what
58．than
59．was needed
60．to change
61．had discovered
62．seasons
63．making
64．the
65．meant.
【解析】
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史。
56．考查介詞。句意：公元前10000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)來(lái)控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”應(yīng)是之前名詞the world 的定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，即：they lived in the world. live in+名詞，意為“居住在某地”。故填in。
57．考查名詞性從句。句意：在幾千年的時(shí)間里，他們開(kāi)始減少對(duì)我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴(lài)，而更多地依賴(lài)他們飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物和播種的莊稼。分析句子，賓語(yǔ)從句部分缺主語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞”。根據(jù)句意，此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。
58．考查固定搭配。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產(chǎn)量更高。結(jié)合句意可知，此句中將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與狩獵和采集相比，應(yīng)用比較連詞than。more… than，意為“比……更”故填than。
59．考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，邏輯主語(yǔ)和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過(guò)去的時(shí)間，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。
60．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子，簡(jiǎn)單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
61．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大約在公元前6000年，人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子，簡(jiǎn)單句中除了提示詞外無(wú)其余動(dòng)詞，故此處需用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。邏輯主語(yǔ)和提示詞之間表示主動(dòng)邏輯。by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間 譯為“到…為止”，后面的句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had discovered.
62．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來(lái)，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來(lái)灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。
63．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：后來(lái)，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來(lái)灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，make所處的分句中無(wú)主語(yǔ)，故此處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make use of和邏輯主語(yǔ)they之間表示“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式（doing）形式做狀語(yǔ)。故填making。
64．考查定冠詞。句意：隨著科學(xué)的崛起，事情發(fā)生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著......的崛起”是固定短語(yǔ)。故填the。
65．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子，主句部分無(wú)其他動(dòng)詞，故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)。邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。
2019年高考真題
1. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為科普文類(lèi)說(shuō)明文，介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀。
61.
【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。
62.
【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.
【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語(yǔ)，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“……的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩?duì)于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語(yǔ)，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)開(kāi)始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用to perform。
65.
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，尤其是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填have reported。
66.
【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語(yǔ)從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。
67.
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式，故填noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填higher。
69.
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。
70.
【解析】考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ)，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。
2. 【2019·全國(guó)卷II】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講述了九十高齡的Irene作為英國(guó)最年長(zhǎng)的全職員工，依然在寵物店做著朝九晚五的工作，沒(méi)有退休的打算，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱(chēng)號(hào)。
61.being
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填being。
62.which
【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作opened一詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用which。
63.finally
【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。
64.declared
【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語(yǔ)為Irene，此處為謂語(yǔ)成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故填declared。
65.to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。此處用to do sth做后置定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計(jì)劃”，故填to retire。
66.have made
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來(lái)看看我的家人和我這些年來(lái)交到的朋友們。故填have made。
67.but
【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱觥４颂幱胋ut與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語(yǔ)，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying。
69.a
【解析】考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個(gè)玩笑” 可知，此處joke為泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful
【解析】考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動(dòng)詞is之后用形容詞形式作表語(yǔ)，故填wonderful。

3. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了他們?nèi)ハ耐亩燃偻局械慕?jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇，主人熱情招待他們，還在工作之余帶他們參加了很多當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)。
61.
【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里?！皊o…that…”意為“如此……以至于…”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。故填so。
62.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒(méi)有到達(dá)那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故填to get。
63.
【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。
64.
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語(yǔ)。故關(guān)系詞填who。
65.
【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購(gòu)物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。
66.
【解析】考查名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。
67.
【解析】考查形容詞?？崭裥揎椕~stories，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，tradition的形容詞為traditional，故填traditional。
68.
【解析】考查副詞?？崭裉巻卧~修飾形容詞popular，應(yīng)用副詞形式，huge的副詞為hugely，故填hugely。
69.
【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加一場(chǎng)私人音樂(lè)會(huì)，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為we，故填were invited。
70.
【解析】考查分詞。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。聽(tīng)音樂(lè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生穿校服的幾個(gè)好處。
56. has/will have
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí)，沒(méi)有人會(huì)擔(dān)心時(shí)尚問(wèn)題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來(lái)時(shí)will do；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是nobody，謂語(yǔ)用has。故填will have/has。
57.the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
58. that/which
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
59. cycling
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車(chē)上學(xué)時(shí)，汽車(chē)司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily
【解析】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處所給詞是修飾動(dòng)詞see，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily。
61. to
【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...這是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績(jī)有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過(guò)去式，主句用一般過(guò)去式。故填improved。
63. to wear
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want to do sth想要做某事，這是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections
【解析】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國(guó)研究表明校服和學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動(dòng)詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國(guó)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學(xué)校開(kāi)始允許學(xué)生上學(xué)不用穿校服。are是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者一年級(jí)對(duì)交友感到困惑，媽媽的話(huà)讓他受益終身。
1.voiced
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，“我將如何交朋友？”此處的voice是動(dòng)詞，“表達(dá)”的意思，作謂語(yǔ)。敘述的是一年級(jí)的事情，用過(guò)去式。故填voiced。
2.facing
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是做句子的狀語(yǔ)，要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I，與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填facing。
3.myself
【解析】考查代詞。句意：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語(yǔ)是I，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)要用反身代詞。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日。
4.marked
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：地球日于4月22日舉行，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處是要做名詞Earth Day的后置定語(yǔ)，且與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞。故填marked。
5.in
【解析】考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)遍及190多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。
6.activities
【解析】考查名詞。句意：無(wú)論你喜歡做什么，有一個(gè)方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動(dòng)。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的various可知，此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究表明，大學(xué)的名氣對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要，從大學(xué)生活中受益最多的是完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活、充分利用大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)和資源的學(xué)生。所以要以正確的態(tài)度來(lái)選擇大學(xué)。
7. suggests/suggested/has suggested
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究表明，對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. where
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學(xué)）更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語(yǔ)。故用where。
9. who/that
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。___3___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語(yǔ)，代指人，故填who或that。
10. meaningful
【解析】考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞college experience，故此處也要用形容詞。故填meaningful。

2018年高考真題
1.【2018·全國(guó)卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。
61. longer　
【解析】考查副詞的比較級(jí)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級(jí)，故填longer。
62. to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to see。
63.dying
【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然通過(guò)跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。
64.is
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是it，要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填is。
65.than
【解析】考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。
66.that或which
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that或which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen
【解析】考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強(qiáng)你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合，其后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic
【解析】考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿(mǎn)活力的。根據(jù)it’s可知，系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填energetic。
70.it或running
【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。
【點(diǎn)睛】本文比較難的一個(gè)題是70題。短語(yǔ)give it a try不容易想出來(lái)。
give a try試試。Give sb sth； give sth to sb這些短語(yǔ)學(xué)生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比較少見(jiàn)。高考復(fù)習(xí)要盡可能多的復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)，尤其是用的比較多，而課本中出現(xiàn)較少的短語(yǔ)。
2.【2018·全國(guó)卷I I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中講述了中國(guó)為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可。
61. has grown
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過(guò)去25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%，而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。故是特指在過(guò)去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副詞。句意：對(duì)肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。
64. to improve
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒(méi)有連詞可以且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是encourages，故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. than
【解析】考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。
66. pollution
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國(guó)較大的湖泊和水庫(kù)的污染，使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填pollution。
67. global
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國(guó)約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。
68.started
【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在2005年政府開(kāi)始了一項(xiàng)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，由于時(shí)間是2005年，故用過(guò)去時(shí)。故填started。
69. that/which
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞gives可知，該空缺少主語(yǔ)，指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中國(guó)在養(yǎng)活了中國(guó)人民的同時(shí)又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原則：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么可以把主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一塊省略。故填feeding。
點(diǎn)睛：學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 這句話(huà)中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)是關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是2005，the government是主語(yǔ)，a soil-testing program是賓語(yǔ)，故此空缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，我們可以看出時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另一個(gè)是關(guān)系代詞指代program引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是program，gives是第三人稱(chēng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可以看出是考查關(guān)系詞。代指物并作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞要用that/which。
3.【2018·全國(guó)卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
61. which/who
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我不確定哪一個(gè)更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which表示“哪一個(gè)”
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語(yǔ)at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. loudest
【解析】考查最高級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的of all可知，他聲音最大，所以用最高級(jí)loudest。
64. looking
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過(guò)去分詞challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。
67.for
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them
【解析】考查代詞。此處做find 的賓語(yǔ)，所以用賓格them。
69. meant
【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以用meant。
70. to stay
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)allow sb to do允許某人做某事，應(yīng)該用to stay。
4.【2018·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【文章大意】作者描述了人們喜歡在外面吃飯的現(xiàn)象，分析了其對(duì)身體和花費(fèi)的不良影響，建議我們?cè)诩易鲲垺?br /> 56. dishes
【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國(guó)菜，表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填dishes。
57. who/that
【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)，故填who/that。
58. it
【解析】考查it用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主語(yǔ)，用it 是形式主語(yǔ)。故填it。
59.visiting
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形式。此處指我記得去拜訪(fǎng)一個(gè)在這里住了五年的朋友，表示記得做過(guò)某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
60. was shocked.
【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示我感到很震驚。shock的主語(yǔ)是I,用形容詞和系動(dòng)詞組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，系動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填was shocked。
61. have become
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，seems to后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填have become。
62. affordable
【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示一周一兩次外出吃飯是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的，系動(dòng)詞be后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”故填affordable。
63. higher
【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。此處修飾名詞cost用形容詞，由even表示程度修飾比較級(jí)，故填higher。
64.weight
【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問(wèn)題，用名詞修飾problems，故填weight。
65.for
【解析】考查介詞。表示去母親家去吃飯，表示目的用介詞for，故填for。


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專(zhuān)題05 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）

專(zhuān)題05 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）
專(zhuān)題03 形容詞和副詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）

專(zhuān)題03 形容詞和副詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）
專(zhuān)題01 冠詞、名詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）

專(zhuān)題01 冠詞、名詞 ——【全國(guó)通用】2020-2022三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（原卷版+解析版）
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